Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| beneficial effects of pomegranate juice on oxidation-sensitive genes and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity at sites of perturbed shear stress. | atherosclerosis is enhanced in arterial segments exposed to disturbed flow. perturbed shear stress increases the expression of oxidation-sensitive responsive genes (such as elk-1 and p-jun) in the endothelium. evidence suggests that polyphenolic antioxidants contained in the juice derived from the pomegranate can contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress and atherogenesis. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of intervention with pomegranate juice (pj) on oxidation-sens ... | 2005 | 15781875 |
| reduced phosphorylation of transcription factor elk-1 in cultured fibroblasts of a patient with premature aging syndrome and insulin resistance. | the effect of insulin and growth factor mediated signaling to gene regulation was investigated in cultured fibroblasts of a patient with a premature aging syndrome (metageria) and severe insulin resistance. insulin receptor structure and function as well as major pathways activated by insulin, i.e. phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (pi-3 k) cascade or mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades, were functional. inducibility of the proto-oncogene cfos, a representative endpoint of signaling pa ... | 2005 | 15772901 |
| the effects of different cryoprotectants and the temperature of addition on the survival of red deer epididymal spermatozoa. | with the aim of finding an ideal cryoprotectant in a suitable concentration for red deer epididymal spermatozoa conservation, we evaluated the effects of four most commonly used cryoprotectants (cpas), glycerol (g), ethylene glycol (eg), propylene glycol (pg), and dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), on the sperm survival. besides, the effects of two temperatures of cpa addition--22 degrees c (ambient temperature) and 5 degrees c--on sperm quality were also tested. for each temperature tested, sperm sampl ... | 2005 | 15772710 |
| x- and y-chromosome specific variants of the amelogenin gene allow sex determination in sheep (ovis aries) and european red deer (cervus elaphus). | simple and precise methods for sex determination in animals are a pre-requisite for a number of applications in animal production and forensics. however, some of the existing methods depend only on the detection of y-chromosome specific sequences. therefore, the abscence of a signal does not necessarily mean that the sample is of female origin, because experimental errors can also lead to negative results. thus, the detection of y- and x-chromosome specific sequences is advantageous. | 2005 | 15771775 |
| bilateral ovarian teratoma in a free-living iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | a 8.5 x 5.7 x 5 cm irregularly shaped mass was detected in the location of the left ovary of a 9-year-old iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) hind shot during a hunting drive. pathological findings: on the cut surface, the mass consisted of numerous fluid- or keratin-filled inter-communicating cysts, separated by connective tissue containing solid nodules of dark-coloured foci and hairy skin. the right ovary was of normal size, but contained a 1.5 cm mass of hairy skin and spongy struct ... | 2004 | 15768082 |
| influence of level of nutrition during late pregnancy on reproductive productivity of red deer (2) adult hinds gestating wapitixred deer crossbred calves. | the present study aimed to relate feed intake of red deer hinds in the later stages of gestating wapitixred deer crossbred foetuses on dam body condition, gestation length, birth weight and calf growth. multiparous hinds (n=18) conceiving at known dates to either wapiti (n=12) or red deer (n=6) sires were housed in individual pens from days 150-220 of pregnancy, during which time they were offered either ad libitum access to pelletised rations (n=6 crossbred-bearing hinds [hh] and n=6 red deer-b ... | 2005 | 15766806 |
| influence of level of nutrition during late pregnancy on reproductive productivity of red deer i. adult and primiparous hinds gestating red deer calves. | the present study aimed to relate feed intake of red deer hinds during late pregnancy to dam body condition, foetal development and calf growth. across 3 years, multiparous (n=33) or primiparous (n=18) hinds with known conception dates were housed in individual pens from days 150-220 of pregnancy, during which time they were each offered one of three daily allowances of pelletised rations (11 mjme/kg dm; 16% cp): high (h; ad libitum), medium (m; approximately 30% less; multiparous hinds only) an ... | 2005 | 15766805 |
| comparison of analgesic techniques for antler removal in halothane-anaesthetized red deer (cervus elaphus): cardiovascular and somatic responses. | to compare changes in heart rate and arterial pressures resulting from compression of the antler pedicle or lidocaine 'ring block' and during subsequent antler removal during minimal halothane anaesthesia. | 2005 | 15762912 |
| comparison of analgesic techniques for antler removal in halothane-anaesthetized red deer (cervus elaphus): electroencephalographic responses. | to provide evidence for an analgesic effect of antler pedicle compression or lidocaine 'ring block' by comparing changes in median and spectral edge frequencies and total electroencephalographic (eeg) power during the application of each technique followed by antler removal. | 2005 | 15762911 |
| inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor in apple juice extract. | the polyphenol-rich extract of a consumer-relevant apple juice blend was found to potently inhibit the growth of the human colon cancer cell line ht29 in vitro. the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) and its subsequent signaling cascade play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation in ht29 cells. the protein tyrosine kinase activity of an egfr preparation was effectively inhibited by the polyphenol-rich apple juice extract. treatment of intact cells with this extract result ... | 2005 | 15759309 |
| the scaffold protein homer1b/c links metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 to extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascades in neurons. | group i metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) increase cellular levels of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (ip3) and thereby trigger intracellular ca2+ release. also, group i mglurs are organized with members of homer scaffold proteins into multiprotein complexes involved in postreceptor signaling. in this study, we investigated the relative importance of the ip3/ca2+ signaling and novel homer proteins in group i mglur-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 ... | 2005 | 15758184 |
| distribution of cadmium and lead in liver and kidney of some wild animals in slovakia. | the content of cadmium and lead, as risk factors of environment, in liver and kidneys of wild animals as brown hare (lepus europaeus), yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis), wood mouse (cleithrionomys glareolus), and red deer (cervus elaphus) were studied. samples were analyzed by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method (aas). the highest levels of cadmium were found in kidneys (0.213-2.387 mg/kg) of all animal species. the concentration of cadmium in liver was 0.032-0.258 mg/kg. the ... | 2005 | 15756970 |
| comparative genomics on wnt7a orthologs. | wnt and hedgehog signaling pathways network together during carcinogenesis and embryogenesis. wnt7a mrna is expressed in human gastric and pancreatic cancer cells. wnt7a mrna expression is relatively high in the temporal, occipital and parietal lobes, paracentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, medulla oblongata and putamen within the adult human brain. here, we identified and characterized the rat wnt7a gene using bioinformatics. the rat wnt7a gene, consisting of fou ... | 2005 | 15756457 |
| induction of a cell stress response gene rtp801 by dna damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate through ccaat/enhancer binding protein. | rtp801 is a newly discovered stress response gene that is induced by hypoxia and other cell stress signals. here, we investigated the mechanism by which a dna damaging agent, methyl methanesulfonate (mms), induces rtp801 transcription. in hacat human keratinocytes, mms was able to induce a rapid increase in the mrna level of rtp801. correspondingly, mms treatment was capable of stimulating a 2.5 kb rtp801 promoter. deletion studies with the promoter demonstrated a critical region between -1057 a ... | 2005 | 15751966 |
| accumulation of selenium and lack of severe effects on productivity of american dippers (cinclus mexicanus) and spotted sandpipers (actitis macularia). | selenium has been found at elevated concentrations in water, sediments, and aquatic biota in the elk river (british columbia, canada) and some of its tributaries downstream of several coal mines. selenium water concentrations in those areas exceed canadian and british columbia guidelines and are above levels at which adverse effects to fish and waterfowl could occur. we compared selenium concentrations in the eggs of two riverine waterbirds, american dippers and spotted sandpipers, with measures ... | 2005 | 15750773 |
| prolactin and estrogen enhance the activity of activating protein 1 in breast cancer cells: role of extracellularly regulated kinase 1/2-mediated signals to c-fos. | despite the important roles of both prolactin (prl) and 17beta-estradiol (e2) in normal mammary development as well as in breast cancer, and coexpression of the estrogen receptor (er) and prl receptor in many mammary tumors, the interactions between prl and e2 in breast cancer have not been well studied. the activating protein 1 (ap-1) transcription factor, a known regulator of processes essential for normal growth and development as well as carcinogenesis, is a potential site for cross-talk bet ... | 2005 | 15746191 |
| estimation of fluoride distribution in the mandible and teeth of the red deer (cervus elaphus l.) from industrially polluted areas in poland. | animals from areas contaminated by industrial emissions containing fluoride may accumulate it predominantly in hard tissues. therefore, an analysis was performed for the determination of fluoride content in mandibles and teeth of deer living at large in different areas in western pomerania (poland). samples of hard tissues obtained with a dental drill, were dissolved in perchloric acid and analyzed for fluoride content with an ion-selective electrode. using the generalized regression neural netw ... | 2005 | 15740709 |
| the effect of copper-amended fertiliser and copper oxide wire particles on the copper status of farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) and their progeny. | to determine changes in serum and liver copper concentrations in postnatal, weaner, yearling, and mature deer after grazing pasture topdressed with copper (cu) at two rates of application of copper sulphate (cuso4(.)5h2o), and following oral administration of copper oxide (cuo) wire particles to some of the deer. | 2005 | 15731832 |
| cutting edge: il-4 induces suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 expression in b cells by a mechanism dependent on activation of p38 mapk. | the signaling cascade initiated by il-4 is classically divisible into two major pathways: one mediated by stat6, and the other by insulin receptor substrates-1 and -2 via activation of pi3k. in murine splenic b cells, the suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs)3 is inducible by il-4 via a mechanism independent of stat6 and pi3k. socs3 expression increases 9-fold within 5 h of il-4 treatment. this induction occurs normally in b cells deficient in stat6 and is unaffected by pretreatment with the p ... | 2005 | 15728454 |
| mycobacterial diseases of deer. | the most significant mycobacterial diseases of free-living, captive and farmed deer are bovine tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium bovis, johne's disease (paratuberculosis), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (basonym m. paratuberculosis), and avian tuberculosis, caused principally by m. avium subsp avium. the first case of m. bovis infection in farmed deer was identified in new zealand in 1978. in 1983, a voluntary scheme was introduced in new zealand to control tuberculosis ... | 2004 | 15726126 |
| allergic contact dermatitis from salicyl alcohol and salicylaldehyde in aspen bark (populus tremula). | salicyl alcohol or 2-methylolphenol is a well-known allergen in phenol-formaldehyde resins and a strong sensitizer in guinea pigs. there is 1 previous report of allergic contact dermatitis from salicyl alcohol in aspen bark. we describe a second case with concomitant allergy to salicylaldehyde. an elk researcher who had handled leaves from various trees presented with eczema of the hands, face, flexures, trunk and extremities. patch testing showed sensitivity to salicyl alcohol, salicylaldehyde, ... | 2005 | 15725287 |
| role of ras/pkczeta/mek/erk1/2 signaling pathway in angiotensin ii-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. | the role of protein kinase c (pkc) and its cross talk with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) cascade in angiotensin ii (angii)-elicited vascular smooth muscle cell (vsmc) proliferation are still unclear. in this study, the pkc pathway of angii to activate erk1/2 and induce cell proliferation was investigated in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. the proliferation of vsmcs was tested by [3h]-thymidine incorporation assay. phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated pkczeta, erk1/2, elk-1, and mi ... | 2005 | 15721486 |
| abomasal parasites in wild sympatric cervids, red deer, cervus elaphus and fallow deer, dama dama, from three localities across central and western spain: relationship to host density and park management. | a survey of abomasal parasites in cervids from central spain was conducted at 3 sites, quintos de mora (toledo), maluéñez de arriba (cáceres), and la herguijuela (cáceres). commonly occurring helminths belonged to 3 polymorphic species of the ostertagiinae: spiculopteragia asymmetricals. quadrispiculata, ostertagia leptospicularis/o. kolchida, and o. drozdzi/o. ryjikovi. trichostrongylus axei was found in very few cases. ostertagia drozdzi/o. ryjikovi and the minor male morphotype, s. quadrispic ... | 2004 | 15715232 |
| the spry domain-containing socs box protein 1 (ssb-1) interacts with met and enhances the hepatocyte growth factor-induced erk-elk-1-serum response element pathway. | the suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) protein family includes a spry (repeats in spla and ryr) domain-containing socs box protein (ssb) subfamily, which consists of four members, ssb-1, ssb-2, ssb-3, and ssb-4. these proteins contain a central spry domain and a c-terminal socs box. although some of the socs protein subfamilies function as adaptors for a large family of ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligases to regulate certain signaling pathways, the function of the ssb subfamily remains to ... | 2005 | 15713673 |
| specific inactivation and nuclear anchoring of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 by the inducible dual-specificity protein phosphatase dusp5. | the mechanisms which determine the nuclear accumulation and inactivation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (erk1) or erk2 mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases are poorly understood. here we demonstrate that dusp5, an inducible nuclear phosphatase, interacts specifically with erk2 via a kinase interaction motif (kim) within its amino-terminal noncatalytic domain. this binding determines the substrate specificity of dusp5 in vivo, as it inactivates erk2 but not jun n-terminal prote ... | 2005 | 15713638 |
| prediction of cis-regulatory elements of coregulated genes. | we present a computational pipeline to predict cis-regulatory elements composing results based on different algorithms: clover, cluster-buster, an own implementation of human/rat/mouse sequence identity and our itb algorithm. the procedure uses information from the human genome sequence, ncbi gene annotations, verified eukaryotic promoters (epd), experimentally proven binding sites (transfac) and homologies to mouse and rat (homgl/homologene). we test the approach on 18 upstream regions of exper ... | 2004 | 15712115 |
| paratuberculosis and avian tuberculosis infections in one red deer farm studied by is900 and is901 rflp analysis. | as the attempt to eradicate paratuberculosis in one red deer (cervus elaphus) farm failed, all 167 red deer of different age groups were slaughtered and examined by culture for mycobacteria, and the farm was closed down. spleen and hepatic lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph node, ileocecal lymph node, and ileum were collected from each animal and examined (a total of 835 organs). neither tuberculosis lesions nor pathognomic signs of paratuberculosis were detected. among all microscopically negative ... | 2005 | 15708824 |
| overexpression of tropomysin-related kinase b in metastatic human pancreatic cancer cells. | pancreatic adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the united states, and most pancreatic cancers develop locally advanced disease or metastasis at the time of diagnosis. the mechanisms by which it invades and metastasizes are not known. | 2005 | 15701826 |
| egf stimulates mesangial cell mitogenesis via pi3-kinase-mediated mapk-dependent and akt kinase-independent manner: involvement of c-fos and p27kip1. | epidermal growth factor (egf) is a potent mitogen for mesangial cells. the mechanism by which egf induces dna synthesis is not precisely understood. we investigated the role of phosphatidylinositol (pi)3-kinase in regulating mitogenesis. egf increased pi3-kinase activity resulting in stimulation of pdk-1 and akt kinase activities. blocking of pi3-kinase activity using ly-294002 or adenoviral expression of pten, which dephosphorylates pi3,4,5-tris-phosphate and thus inactivates pi3-kinase signali ... | 2005 | 15701816 |
| modulation of elk-dependent-transcription by gene33. | gene33 is a cytoplasmic protein expressed in many cell types, including those of renal and hepatic origin. its expression is regulated by a large number of mitogenic and stressful stimuli, both in cultured cells and in vivo. gene33 protein possesses binding domains for erbb receptors, 14-3-3 proteins, sh-3 domains, and gtp bound cdc42, suggesting that it may play a role in signal transduction. indeed, these regions of gene33 have been reported to modulate signaling through the erk, jnk, and nfka ... | 2005 | 15696545 |
| clinical trials with complementary therapies. | as interest in complementary and alternative therapies grows, nurses can expect to be asked for advice regarding their use, but there are few clinical studies on which nurses can base their responses. conducting research with complementary therapies is therefore important for nursing, but there are some pitfalls in doing research with these products, particularly if one is using standard clinical-trials methods. in this article, the authors outline some of those pitfalls based on their experienc ... | 2005 | 15695580 |
| antlers honestly advertise sperm production and quality. | evolutionary theory proposes that exaggerated male traits have evolved via sexual selection, either through female mate choice or male-male competition. while female preferences for ornamented males have been amply demonstrated in other taxa, among mammals sexual characters are commonly regarded as weapons whose main function is to enhance male competitiveness in agonistic encounters. one particularly controversial hypothesis to explain the function of male sexual characters proposes that they a ... | 2005 | 15695205 |
| insulin-like growth factor-i regulates proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of calcifying vascular cells via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways. | vascular calcification develops within atherosclerotic lesions and results from a process similar to osteogenesis. one of the paracrine regulators of bone-derived osteoblasts, insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i), is also present in atherosclerotic lesions. to evaluate its possible role in vascular calcification, we assessed its in vitro effects on proliferation and differentiation in calcifying vascular cells (cvcs), a subpopulation of bovine aortic medial cells. results showed that igf-i inhib ... | 2005 | 15692088 |
| [sumo pins elk-1 in the nucleus]. | 2005 | 15691476 | |
| [the incidence of bacterial cns infections in roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus) and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) in bavaria]. | brain samples of 849 wild ruminants (654 roe deer, 189 red deer and 6 chamois) from bavaria were examined for the occurrence of encephalopathies caused by bacteria, using cultural, serological and genetic methods. in addition, 87 brain samples were investigated histologically for clarification of the pathogenetic relevance of specific microorganisms. using conventional bacteriological methods, 464 different bacteria were isolated. 229 of them could be differentiated to the genus level and 235 to ... | 2005 | 15690635 |
| isolation and partial characterization of a parapoxvirus isolated from a skin lesion of a weddell seal. | a solitary skin lesion was found on the neck of a weddell seal (leptonychotes weddellii), chemically immobilized in queen maud land (70 degrees 09's, 05 degrees 22'e) antarctica 2001. the lesion was elevated and 3cm in diameter, consisting of partly fresh and partly necrotic tissue, and proliferative papilloma-like structures were seen. electron microscopy on a biopsy from the lesion revealed typical parapoxvirus particles. polymerase chain reaction (pcr; b2l gene) generated amplicons of approxi ... | 2005 | 15681058 |
| characterization of heparan sulfate from the unossified antler of cervus elaphus. | the antler is the most rapidly growing tissue in the animal kingdom. according to previous reports, antler glycosaminoglycans (gags) consist of all kinds gags except for heparan sulfate (hs). chondroitin sulfate is the major antler gag component comprising 88% of the total uronic acid content. in the current study, we have isolated hs from antler for the first time and characterized it based on both nmr spectroscopy and disaccharide composition analysis. antler gags were isolated by protease tre ... | 2005 | 15680596 |
| u0126 prevents erk pathway phosphorylation and interleukin-1beta mrna production after cerebral ischemia. | to study the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) in cerebral ischemia and the mechanism of protective effects of u0126 (1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-aminophenylthio] butadiene) on ischemic brain. | 2004 | 15669185 |
| neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer. | neuroendocrine (ne) cells are found in prostate tumors, and their incidence is considered a promising prognostic indicator for the development of androgen-independent disease. ne cells are derived from non-ne prostate cancer cells and secrete factors that can act in a paracrine manner to stimulate the survival, growth, motility, and metastatic potential of prostatic carcinoma cells. factors such as il-6, epinephrine, and forskolin induce ne differentiation in prostate cancer cells; the mechanism ... | 2004 | 15663358 |
| trip6 is a rip2-associated common signaling component of multiple nf-kappab activation pathways. | receptor-interacting protein 2 (rip2) is a member of the rip kinase family that has been shown to be crucially involved in inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses. the physiological and pathological roles of rip2 are mediated through its involvement in multiple nf-kappab activation pathways, including those triggered by tumor necrosis factor (tnf), interleukin 1 (il-1), toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2), tlr3, tlr4 and nod1. in this report, we identified the lim-domain-containing protein tr ... | 2005 | 15657077 |
| performance of differential gps collars in temperate mountain forest. | to determine the performance of global positioning system (gps) for habitat studies in free-ranging animals, we tested differential 6- and 8-channel gps collars under six representative canopies and one open-field reference site in the 'parc national des cévennes', southern france. the proportion of successful locations decreased under taller trees and worsened with snow accumulation in mixed coniferous habitats. the mean location success of seven free-ranging red deer fitted with 6-channel gps ... | 2004 | 15656356 |
| hyaluronan-cd44 interaction with iqgap1 promotes cdc42 and erk signaling, leading to actin binding, elk-1/estrogen receptor transcriptional activation, and ovarian cancer progression. | in this study, we have examined the interaction of hyaluronan (ha)-cd44 with iqgap1 (one of the binding partners for the rho gtpase cdc42) in sk-ov-3.ipl human ovarian tumor cells. immunological and biochemical analyses indicated that iqgap1 (molecular mass of approximately 190 kda) is expressed in sk-ov-3.ipl cells and that iqgap1 interacts directly with cdc42 in a gtp-dependent manner. both iqgap1 and cdc42 were physically linked to cd44 in sk-ov-3.ipl cells following ha stimulation. furthermo ... | 2005 | 15655247 |
| effects of topical elk velvet antler on cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | wound repair is a finely orchestrated process involving cellular, molecular, physiologic, and biochemical interactions that restore the integrity of damaged tissue. cyclic replacement of deer antlers requires rapid regenerative growth, in many ways analogous to that encountered during tissue repair. molecular mechanisms regulating these processes are not fully understood, but it is increasingly apparent that growth factors are important mediators. previous studies have shown that elk velvet antl ... | 2004 | 15650473 |
| malignant melanoma in a captive red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus). | we report a case of malignant melanoma in a captive red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus). the primary lesion was on the plantar aspect of the right pastern and infiltrated the surrounding skin, but not underlying tendons or bone. diffuse metastasis to the regional lymph nodes had occurred. histologically, lesions were characterized by large numbers of variably pigmented epithelioid cells with a high degree of nuclear atypia and many mitotic figures. this is the first reported case of this neoplasm ... | 2004 | 15650106 |
| pestivirus exposure in free-living and captive deer in austria. | during the hunting season of 2001-02, blood and spleen samples from 59 red deer (cervus elaphus), 77 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), four fallow deer (dama dama), and five chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) were collected from nine hunting districts (n = 133) and one deer farm (n = 12) in southern austria. sera were tested for antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and virus neutralization tests against three bvdvs and one border diseas ... | 2004 | 15650102 |
| pkcepsilon induces interleukin-6 expression through the mapk pathway in 3t3-l1 adipocytes. | recent reports have suggested that pkcepsilon contributes to systemic insulin resistance, and is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, however, the exact mechanism is still unknown. to elucidate the possible involvement of pkcepsilon in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, we examined the role of pkcepsilon in differentiated adipocytes using mouse 3t3-l1 adipocytes. we found that the over-expression of pkcepsilon resulted in the increase of il-6 expression in differentiated adipocytes ... | 2005 | 15649404 |
| prion protein nmr structures of elk and of mouse/elk hybrids. | the nmr structure of the recombinant elk prion protein (eprp), which represents the cellular isoform (eprpc) in the healthy organism, is described here. as anticipated from the highly conserved amino acid sequence, eprpc has the same global fold as other mammalian prion proteins (prps), with a flexibly disordered "tail" of residues 23-124 and a globular domain 125-226 with three alpha-helices and a short antiparallel beta-sheet. however, eprpc shows a striking local structure variation when comp ... | 2005 | 15647363 |
| culicoides midge trap enhancement with animal odour baits in scotland. | examples of the commercial trap mosquito magnet pro (mmp emitting attractant 1-octen-3-ol in carbon dioxide 500 ml/min generated from propane fuel), were run 24 h/day on the isle of skye, scotland, during june-august 2001 and evaluated for catching culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae). from 30 days trapping, the catch averaged 2626 +/- 1358 culicoides females/trap/day (mean +/- se, range 558 +/- 139 to 6088 +/- 3597, for five sets of six consecutive nights), predominantly the pest ... | 2004 | 15641999 |
| histological examination of antler regeneration in red deer (cervus elaphus). | annual antler renewal presents the only case of epimorphic regeneration (de novo formation of a lost appendage distal to the level of amputation) in mammals. epimorphic regeneration is also referred to as a blastema-based process, as blastema formation at an initial stage is the prerequisite for this type of regeneration. therefore, antler regeneration has been claimed to take place through initial blastema formation. however, this claim has never been confirmed experimentally. the present study ... | 2005 | 15641024 |
| [the progress in complex homeobox domains]. | the proteins with 'homeobox' (hox) domain, a large family of dna binding, play an important role in embryonic development, gene regulation, cell differentiation and neurogenesis. some other domains are found in the proteins together with hox, such as pax, pou, lim, oar, elk, six, bzip, phd-finger, engrailed, hexapeptide domains. the hox combined with other domains that associate with dna binding or protein interactions are called 'complex homeobox'. recent reports indicate that 'complex homeobox ... | 2004 | 15640136 |
| vav transformation requires activation of multiple gtpases and regulation of gene expression. | although vav can act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for rhoa, rac1, and cdc42, its transforming activity has been ascribed primarily to its ability to activate rac1. however, because activated vav, but not rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors, exhibits very potent focus-forming transforming activity when assayed in nih 3t3 cells, vav transforming activity must also involve activation of rac-independent pathways. in this study, we determined the involvement of other rho famil ... | 2004 | 15634759 |
| non-random base composition in codons of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in vertebrates. | cytochrome b is the central catalytic subunit of the quinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase of complex iii of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system and is essential to the viability of most eukaryotic cells. partial cytochrome b gene sequences of 14 species representing mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians are presented here including some species typical for poland. for the analysed species a comparative analysis of the natural variation in the gene was performed. this information h ... | 2004 | 15625561 |
| molecular characterization of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from wild ungulates in south-central spain. | the role of european wild ungulates in the epidemiology of tuberculosis (tb) is still under discussion. this study describes the geographical distribution and molecular typing of 77 mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates belonging either to m. bovis or to m. caprae, cultivated from hunter harvested red deer (cervus elaphus) and european wild boar (sus scrofa) in 24 spanish localities, and compares them with spoligotypes detected previously in humans, livestock or wild animals, as described ... | 2005 | 15610722 |
| 17beta-estradiol rapidly stimulates c-fos expression via the mapk pathway in t84 cells. | in this study, we show that 17beta-estradiol (e2) induced the proliferation of t84 colonic carcinoma cells. we, further, investigated the mechanisms underlying this proliferation and show that e2 induced c-fos protooncogene expression in t84 cells in a timescale consistent with a rapid non-genomic action of the hormone. furthermore, e2 rapidly phosphorylated both creb and elk1, transcription factors that bind to the c-fos promoter and stimulate transcription. pretreatment with pd98059 and h89, m ... | 2005 | 15607527 |
| extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, but not c-jun n-terminal kinase, is activated by type ii gonadotropin-releasing hormone involved in the inhibition of ovarian cancer cell proliferation. | although a novel second form of gnrh (gnrh-ii) has been reported to have an antiproliferative effect on gynecologic cancer cells, its biological mechanism remains to be elucidated. we have previously demonstrated that gnrh-ii activates p38 mapk. there is accumulating evidence that activation of mapks by gnrh-i and -ii is important for cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. in the present study, we further investigated the involvement of gnrh-ii in the inhibition of cell proliferatio ... | 2004 | 15598681 |
| bcr/abl activates rap1 and b-raf to stimulate the mek/erk signaling pathway in hematopoietic cells. | the bcr/abl fusion tyrosine kinase activates various intracellular signaling pathways, thus causing chronic myeloid leukemia (cml). here we demonstrate that the inducible expression of bcr/abl in a murine hematopoietic cell line, tonb210, leads to the activation of the ras family small gtpase rap1, which is inhibited by the abl kinase inhibitor imatinib. the rap1 activity in a cml cell line, k562, was also inhibited by imatinib. inhibition of rap1 activation by a dominant negative mutant of rap1 ... | 2005 | 15596148 |
| effects of birth date and order in lactation performance of iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | this study discriminated between 2 effects (birth date and presence of older calves) assessed jointly in previous studies. birth date delay produced similar effects to those reported previously: reduced milk and milk nutrient production in late-calving hinds, concentration of milk, substitution of protein by fat, greater body weight losses of dams (hinds), and reduced calf growth. hinds in a group consisting of early- and late-born calves produced more milk, and calves grew more than their isola ... | 2005 | 15591378 |
| glucocorticoid receptor-induced mapk phosphatase-1 (mpk-1) expression inhibits paclitaxel-associated mapk activation and contributes to breast cancer cell survival. | glucocorticoid receptor (gr) activation has recently been shown to inhibit apoptosis in breast epithelial cells. we have previously described a group of genes that is rapidly up-regulated in these cells following dexamethasone (dex) treatment. in an effort to dissect the mechanisms of gr-mediated breast epithelial cell survival, we now examine the molecular events downstream of gr activation. here we show that gr activation leads to both the rapid induction of mapk phosphatase-1 (mkp-1) mrna and ... | 2004 | 15590693 |
| decay of sperm obtained from epididymes of wild ruminants depending on postmortem time. | we have carried out a study on the effect of postmortem time (pt) in some characteristics of epididymal sperm salvaged from hunted iberian red deer and roe deer. testis were collected, identified, refrigerated down to 5 degrees c, and sent to our laboratory by the wardens of the hunting reserves. this way, samples were delivered at different times postmortem. sperm were extracted from the cauda epididymis by means of cuts. analyzed parameters were: osmolality, ph, motility-both subjectively and ... | 2005 | 15589271 |
| density-dependent effects on physical condition and reproduction in north american elk: an experimental test. | density dependence plays a key role in life-history characteristics and population ecology of large, herbivorous mammals. we designed a manipulative experiment to test hypotheses relating effects of density-dependent mechanisms on physical condition and fecundity of north american elk (cervus elaphus) by creating populations at low and high density. we hypothesized that if density-dependent effects were manifested principally through intraspecific competition, body condition and fecundity of fem ... | 2004 | 15586292 |
| preorbital gland opening in red deer (cervus elaphus) calves: signal of hunger? | the opening of the preorbital gland in red deer (cervus elaphus) calves has been hypothesized to be a signal to the mother that her calf is hungry. closing of the gland should indicate that the calf has received a sufficient amount of milk, and thus the mother should stop the suckling. we tested the hypothesis that the calf signals hunger when its preorbital gland is open and signals satiation when the gland is closed. to test this, the behavior of eight bottle-reared calves was monitored for 6 ... | 2005 | 15583051 |
| osteochondrosis associated with copper deficiency in a red deer herd in norway. | 2004 | 15581144 | |
| sumoylation of the net inhibitory domain (nid) is stimulated by pias1 and has a negative effect on the transcriptional activity of net. | net (elk-3, sap-2, erp) and the related ternary complex factors elk-1 and sap-1 are effectors of multiple signalling pathways at the transcriptional level and play a key role in the dynamic regulation of gene expression. net is distinct from elk-1 and sap-1, in that it is a strong repressor of transcription that is converted to an activator by the ras/erk signalling pathway. two autonomous repression domains of net, the nid and the cid, mediate repression. we have previously shown that the co-re ... | 2005 | 15580297 |
| srcasm modulates egf and src-kinase signaling in keratinocytes. | the src-activating and signaling molecule (srcasm) is a recently described activator and substrate of src-family tyrosine kinases (sfks). when phosphorylated at specific tyrosines, srcasm associates with grb2 and p85, the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase; however, little is known about the role of srcasm in cellular signaling. data presented here demonstrate that epidermal growth factor (egf) receptor ligands promote the tyrosine phosphorylation of endogenous and adenovirally tran ... | 2004 | 15579470 |
| male fertility in natural populations of red deer is determined by sperm velocity and the proportion of normal spermatozoa. | male reproductive success is determined by the ability of males to gain sexual access to females and by their ability to fertilize ova. among polygynous mammals, males differ markedly in their reproductive success, and a great deal of effort has been made to understand how selective forces have shaped traits that enhance male competitiveness both before and after copulation (i.e., sperm competition). however, the possibility that males also may differ in their fertility has been ignored under th ... | 2004 | 15576823 |
| helicobacter-induced intestinal metaplasia in the stomach correlates with elk-1 and serum response factor induction of villin. | chronic helicobacter pylori infection results in serious sequelae, including atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer. intestinal metaplasia in the stomach is defined by the presence of intestine-like cells expressing enterocyte-specific markers, such as villin. in this study, we demonstrate that villin is expressed in intestine-like cells that develop after chronic infection with h. pylori in both human stomach and in a mouse model. transfection studies were used to identify specific ... | 2004 | 15576363 |
| a novel ca2+-independent signaling pathway to extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase by coactivation of nmda receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in neurons. | the specification and organization of glutamatergic synaptic transmission require the coordinated interaction among glutamate receptors and their synaptic adaptor proteins closely assembled in the postsynaptic density (psd). here we investigated the interaction between nmda receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mglur5) in the integral regulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (erk) and gene expression in cultured rat striatal neurons. we found that coapplication of n ... | 2004 | 15574735 |
| curcumin, the active constituent of turmeric, inhibits amyloid peptide-induced cytochemokine gene expression and ccr5-mediated chemotaxis of thp-1 monocytes by modulating early growth response-1 transcription factor. | epidemiological studies show reduced risk of alzheimer's disease (ad) among patients using non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (nsaid) indicating the role of inflammation in ad. studies have shown a chronic cns inflammatory response associated with increased accumulation of amyloid peptide and activated microglia in ad. our previous studies showed that interaction of abeta1-40 or fibrilar abeta1-42 caused activation of nuclear transcription factor, early growth response-1 (egr-1), which resulted in ... | 2004 | 15569263 |
| the risks of translocating wildlife. pathogenic infection with theileria sp. and elaeophora elaphi in an imported red deer. | it is well known that the translocation of wild animals poses risks of the introduction of pathogens into populations, and regulations and recommendations regarding quarantine and screening protocols for wild animals do exist. less is known about the infection of imported animals with local endemic pathogens. a red deer stag that had been imported from germany was found recumbent and died from hemolytic anaemia and a process of exertional myopathy. infection with theileria sp. was detected in th ... | 2004 | 15567043 |
| seasonal dynamics of the fecal excretion of elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda, metastrongyloidea) first-stage larvae in iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) from southern spain. | elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda, metastrongyloidea) is an extrapulmonary lungworm of red deer (cervus elaphus) whose first-stage larvae (l1) require terrestrial gastropods as intermediate hosts. the seasonal pattern of fecal excretion of e. cervi l1 in iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) was monitored during three annual periods (june 2000-may 2003) on a hunting estate from south-central spain. the lowest rates of mean intensity of fecal l1 were found in summer, whereas no seasonal var ... | 2005 | 15565462 |
| alternative initiation of transcription of the human presenilin 1 gene in sh-sy5y and sk-n-sh cells. the role of ets factors in the regulation of presenilin 1. | we have identified dna sequences required for the expression of the presenilin 1 (ps1) gene. a promoter region has been mapped in sk-n-sh cells and includes sequences between -118 and +178 flanking the major initiation site (+1). the ps1 gene is also efficiently transcribed in the sh-sy5y subclone of sk-n-sh cells. however the promoter appears to be utilized in alternative ways in both cell types. sequences both upstream as well as downstream from the initiation site mapped in sk-n-sh cells were ... | 2004 | 15560789 |
| loss of net as repressor leads to constitutive increased c-fos transcription in cervical cancer cells. | we have investigated the expression of c-fos in cervical carcinoma cells and in somatic cell hybrids derived therefrom. in malignant cells, c-fos was constitutively expressed even after serum starvation. dissection of the c-fos promoter showed that expression was mainly controlled by the sre motif, which was active in malignant cells, but repressed in their non-malignant counterparts. constitutive sre activity was not mediated by sustained mitogen-activated protein kinase activity but because of ... | 2005 | 15548518 |
| non-classical regulation of estrogen receptor-alpha by ici182,780. | estrogen receptor-alpha (er alpha) regulates transcription through a number of molecular mechanisms. two mechanisms by which er alpha acts directly in the nucleus have emerged: (1) in classical er alpha action, estrogen-bound receptor binds estrogen response elements (ere) and regulates promoters by recruiting coactivators or corepressors to dna; (2) non-classical action is not dependent on er alpha binding to eres; its mechanism is not as clearly defined as classical action. in many instances, ... | 2004 | 15544930 |
| ternary complex factor-serum response factor complex-regulated gene activity is required for cellular proliferation and inhibition of apoptotic cell death. | members of the ternary complex factor (tcf) subfamily of the ets-domain transcription factors are activated through phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) in response to a variety of mitogenic and stress stimuli. the tcfs bind and activate serum response elements (sres) in the promoters of target genes in a ternary complex with a second transcription factor, serum response factor (srf). the association of tcfs with sres within immediate-early gene promoters is suggestive of ... | 2004 | 15542842 |
| transmission of prions from mule deer and elk with chronic wasting disease to transgenic mice expressing cervid prp. | we generated mice expressing cervid prion protein to produce a transgenic system simulating chronic wasting disease (cwd) in deer and elk. while normal mice were resistant to cwd, these transgenic mice uniformly developed signs of neurological dysfunction approximately 230 days following intracerebral inoculation with four cwd isolates. inoculated transgenic mice homozygous for the transgene array developed disease after approximately 160 days. the brains of sick transgenic mice exhibited widesp ... | 2004 | 15542685 |
| molecular association of lectin and beta-glucosidase in corn coleoptile. | corn coleoptile lectin is present with beta-glucosidase (ec. 3.2.1.2.1) in a single tightly bound molecular association complex (88.7 kda). sds-page of the molecular complex dissociates into two main components. of these, at a concentration of 75%, the corn coleoptile beta-glucosidase (60 kda) is identified by enzymatic activity, with two 16-amino acid tryptic peptides displaying close homology with the primary structure of the enzyme. in separate experiments, we isolated homogenous monomeric en ... | 2004 | 15541299 |
| disposable-soma senescence mediated by sexual selection in an ungulate. | senescence may result from an optimal balance between current reproductive investment and bodily repair processes required for future reproduction, a theoretical prediction difficult to prove especially in large, long-lived animals. here we propose that teeth that have fixed dimensions early in life, but that wear during chewing, can be taken as a measure of total lifetime 'repair', and their wear rate as a measure of current expenditure in performance. our approach also considers the sexual sel ... | 2004 | 15538368 |
| critical role for ets, ap-1 and gata-like transcription factors in regulating mouse toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) gene expression. | tlr4 (toll-like receptor 4) is essential for sensing the endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria. mutations or deletion of the tlr4 gene in humans or mice have been associated with altered predisposition to or outcome of gram-negative sepsis. in the present work, we studied the expression and regulation of the tlr4 gene of mouse. in vivo, tlr4 levels were higher in macrophages compared with b, t or natural killer cells. high basal tlr4 promoter activity was observed in raw 264.7, j774 and p388d1 mac ... | 2005 | 15537384 |
| the first canadian indigenous case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) has molecular characteristics for prion protein that are similar to those of bse in the united kingdom but differ from those of chronic wasting disease in captive elk and deer. | brain tissue from a case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) from alberta was subjected to a western immunoblotting technique to ascertain the molecular profile of any disease-specific, abnormal prion protein, that is, prion protein that is protease-resistant (prp(res)). this technique can discriminate between isolates from bse, ovine scrapie, and sheep experimentally infected with bse. isolates of brain tissue from the bse case in alberta, 3 farmed elk with chronic wasting disease (cwd) f ... | 2004 | 15532881 |
| the ets domain transcription factor elk-1 regulates the expression of its partner protein, srf. | the ternary complex factors (tcf) are a subfamily of ets domain transcription factors that bind and activate serum response elements (sres) in the promoters of target genes in a ternary complex with a second transcription factor, serum response factor (srf). here, we have identified the srf gene as a target for the tcfs, thereby providing a positive feedback loop whereby tcf activation leads to the enhancement of the expression of its partner protein srf. the binding of the tcf elk-1 to the srf ... | 2005 | 15531578 |
| proteome analysis of red deer antlers. | deer antlers are the only mammalian organs capable of repeated regeneration. although antlers are known to develop from pedicles, which arise from antlerogenic cells of cranial periosteum, their developmental process is not fully elucidated. for example, while endocrine and environmental factors influence the antler development, it is still unclear which signaling pathways are involved in the transduction of such stimuli. to study the developmental process of antlers and identify proteins functi ... | 2004 | 15529405 |
| pathological prion protein exposure switches on neuronal mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway resulting in microglia recruitment. | transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are accompanied by the recruitment of microglial cells in the vicinity of amyloid aggregates of the pathological prion protein (prpres). we previously showed that prpres itself triggered the recruitment of microglia by interacting with neurons leading to the up-regulation of the expression level of chemokines, mainly rantes (regulated on activation normal t cell expressed and secreted). the intracellular mechanisms underlying the prpres-inducible express ... | 2005 | 15528202 |
| evolution and phylogeny of old world deer. | the phylogenetic pattern and timing of the radiation of old world deer was determined based on the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from 33 cervinae taxa. using rooted and unrooted phylogenies derived from distinct theoretical approaches, strong support was achieved for monophyly of the old world deer with muntjacs as sister group as well as for the divergence of at least three distinct genera: rucervus, dama, and cervus. the latter clade comprises what have previously been regarded as t ... | 2004 | 15522810 |
| expression of pthrp and the pth/pthrp receptor in growing red deer antler. | antler growth is highly co-ordinated, so that trabecular bone and antler skin (velvet) develop together, at a rapid rate and in a manner reminiscent of their development in the fetus. parathyroid hormone-related peptide (pthrp) is expressed in both bone and skin, and is therefore a candidate to effect co-ordination between these tissues. the aim of this study was to localize the expression of pthrp and its principal receptor, the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor ( ... | 2004 | 15516324 |
| kinetic analysis of rsk2 and elk-1 interaction on the serum response element and implications for cellular engineering. | immediate early gene activation upon mitogenic activation occurs through the serum response element (sre), which makes the delineation of the upstream pathways a powerful means to engineer cellular responses. the malfunctioning of this system leads to a variety of disorders, ranging from neurological disorders such as coffin-lowry syndrome (rsk2 mutations) to cancer (c-fos mutations). we therefore investigated the sre activation mechanism in a typical mammalian cell. mitogenic signaling uses the ... | 2004 | 15515167 |
| extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1c (erk1c), a novel 42-kilodalton erk, demonstrates unique modes of regulation, localization, and function. | extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) are signaling molecules that regulate many cellular processes. we have previously identified an alternatively spliced 46-kda form of erk1 that is expressed in rats and mice and named erk1b. here we report that the same splicing event in humans and monkeys causes, due to sequence differences in the inserted introns, the production of an erk isoform that migrates together with the 42-kda erk2. because of the differences of this isoform from erk1b, we n ... | 2004 | 15509801 |
| comparative analysis of the activation of the elk-1 transcription factor in the central nervous system of animals with different learning capacities. | 2004 | 15508570 | |
| a preliminary investigation of the disposition of tilmicosin residues in elk tissues and serum. | 2004 | 15500580 | |
| pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in north american elk (cervus elaphus). | florfenicol pharmacokinetics after administration of a single subcutaneous (s.c.) dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight in adult elk (cervus elaphus) was investigated. serum florfenicol concentrations were determined by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with limit of quantification of 0.03 microg/ml. florfenicol pharmacokinetic parameters in elk were estimated using a noncompartmental approach. after a single s.c. injection, florfenicol concentrations remained above 1 microg/m ... | 2004 | 15500565 |
| green fluorescent protein tagging of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 pathways reveals novel dynamics of pathway activation during primary and metastatic growth. | we describe a novel approach that allows detection of primary and metastatic cells in vivo in which either the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) or the p38 pathway is activated. our recent findings showed that erk and p38 kinases regulate, respectively, programs dictating cell proliferation (high erk-to-p38 ratio) or growth arrest and dormancy (low erk-to-p38 ratio) in vivo. thus, we were able to use green fluorescent protein (gfp) to reflect erk and p38 activities and, consequently, t ... | 2004 | 15492254 |
| morphological observation of antler regeneration in red deer (cervus elaphus). | deer antler offers a unique opportunity to explore how nature solves the problem of mammalian appendage regeneration. annual antler renewal is an example of epimorphic regeneration, which is known to take place through initial blastema formation. detailed examination of the early process of antler regeneration, however, has thus far been lacking. therefore, we conducted morphological observations on antler regeneration from naturally cast and artificially created pedicle/antler stumps. on the na ... | 2004 | 15487018 |
| variable patterns of distribution of prp(cwd) in the obex and cranial lymphoid tissues of rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) with subclinical chronic wasting disease. | sections of medulla oblongata, taken at the level of the obex, palatine tonsil and medial retropharyngeal lymph node from 10,269 captive rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), were examined by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody for the prion protein associated with the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, chronic wasting disease (prp(cwd)). the protein was detected in 226 of them. on the basis of the anatomical location of the deposits in the brainstem of ... | 2004 | 15478500 |
| long-term epidemiology, effect on body condition and interspecific interactions of concomitant infection by nasopharyngeal bot fly larvae (cephenemyia auribarbis and pharyngomyia picta, oestridae) in a population of iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | we studied the pattern of infection and the inter-annual variation and individual factors affecting the infection of 2 species of nasopharyngeal bot flies, cephenemyia auribarbis and pharyngomyia picta (diptera: oestridae), in a population of iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) from south central spain (10 annual periods between 1990 and 2003). mean prevalence+/-s.e.95%ci of infection was 35.19+/-4.24% (n=486). the frequency distribution of the parasites was markedly aggregated (k: 0.21 ... | 2004 | 15471010 |
| pleistocene to holocene extinction dynamics in giant deer and woolly mammoth. | the extinction of the many well-known large mammals (megafauna) of the late pleistocene epoch has usually been attributed to 'overkill' by human hunters, climatic/vegetational changes or to a combination of both. an accurate knowledge of the geography and chronology of these extinctions is crucial for testing these hypotheses. previous assumptions that the megafauna of northern eurasia had disappeared by the pleistocene/holocene transition were first challenged a decade ago by the discovery that ... | 2004 | 15470427 |
| epidemiology of cerebrospinal elaphostrongylus cervi infection in red deer in central spain. | elaphostrongylus cervi produces a subclinical cerebrospinal disease in many wild and domestic ruminants from europe, north america and new zealand and has recently been described in spain. to determine some aspects of its epidemiology, 121 red deer (cervus elaphus) from central spain were sampled during 2000. the prevalence (7%) and mean worm burden (3.8 worms per brain) were similar to the values previously recorded in other european areas. the infection was only detected in young deer during t ... | 2004 | 15469631 |
| intranasal administration of xylazine to reduce stress in elk captured by net gun. | forty free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus manitobensis) were captured by net gun in riding mountain national park (manitoba, canada) during february 2002 and were administered either saline (control) or xylazine by the intranasal route, to evaluate the efficacy and benefit of intranasal xylazine to reduce stress. elk that received xylazine had higher relaxation scores than control elk, and the onset of sedation occurred quickly, often <1 min. serum concentrations of cortisol, creatine kinase, and g ... | 2004 | 15465726 |
| diagnostic polymorphisms in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene allow discrimination between cattle, sheep, goat, roe buck and deer by pcr-rflp. | as an alternative to direct dna sequencing of pcr products, random pcr-rflp is an efficient technique to discriminate between species. the pcr-rflp-method is an inexpensive tool in forensic science, even if the template is degraded or contains only traces of dna from various species. | 2004 | 15462674 |
| [activation of erk1/2 and elk1 in a549 cells induced by crocidolite]. | to investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) 1/2 and elk1 in pulmonary disease induced by crocidolite asbestos fiber. | 2004 | 15461256 |
| egr-1 is activated by 17beta-estradiol in mcf-7 cells by mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation of elk-1. | early growth response-1 (egr-1) is an immediate-early gene induced by e2 in the rodent uterus and breast cancer cells. e2 induces egr-1 mrna and protein levels in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells and reporter gene activity in cells transfected with pegr-1a, a construct containing the -600 to +12 region of the egr-1 promoter linked to the firefly luciferase gene. deletion analysis of the egr-1 promoter identified a minimal e2-responsive region of the promoter that contained serum response element ... | 2004 | 15449318 |
| extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) in glucose-induced and endothelin-mediated fibronectin synthesis. | increased extracellular matrix protein deposition and basement membrane thickening are important features of diabetic angiopathy. one key matrix protein that has been shown to be instrumental in basement membrane thickening is fibronectin (fn). we have previously demonstrated that glucose-induced increased expression of endothelin-1 (et-1), may in part, be responsible for increased fn expression via nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab) and activating protein (ap-1) activation. the present study was ... | 2004 | 15448709 |