Publications

enteric protozoal diseases.	the most common protozoal agents infecting the gastrointestinal tract of cats are giardia spp, cryptosporidium spp, cystoisospora spp, sarcocystis spp, besnoitia spp, hammondia spp, toxoplasma gondii, entamoeba histolytica, and tritrichomonas fetus.	2005	15627628
prevalence of parasitic diseases among nomadic fulanis of south-eastern nigeria.	a study was carried out to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections among the nomadic fulanis of south-eastern nigeria between september 2003-march 2004. urine, stool and blood specimens were collected from each of 231 subjects. of these, 98 (42.4%) were infected with one or more of 14 parasitic species, of which plasmodium malariae had the highest prevalence (15.3%). others included 6 intestinal helminth parasites: ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, strongyloides stercoralis, schistosoma m ...	2004	15627328
myosin ii and the gal-galnac lectin play a crucial role in tissue invasion by entamoeba histolytica.	entamoeba histolytica is the human parasite responsible of amoebiasis, during which highly motile trophozoites invade the intestinal epithelium leading to amoebic colitis, and disseminate via the blood circulation causing liver abscesses. the invasive process, central to the pathogenesis, is known to be driven by parasites motility. to investigate molecules responsible for in vivo motion, we performed a high resolution dynamic imaging analysis using two-photon laser scanning microscopy. image an ...	2005	15617520
characterization of two long vesicle-associated membrane proteins or longins genes from entamoeba histolytica.	this study characterizes two long vesicle-associated membrane protein (vamp) genes (sybl-1 and sybl-2) obtained from dna of entamoeba histolytica by pcr amplification. (nucleotide sequences of the entamoeba histolytica sybl-1 and sybl-2 genes appear in the genebank under accession numbers ay256852 and ay309014.)	2004	15610906
entamoeba histolytica dna methyltransferase (ehmeth) is a nuclear matrix protein that binds ehmrs2, a dna that includes a scaffold/matrix attachment region (s/mar).	the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica express a cytosine-5 dna methyltransferase (ehmeth) that belongs to the dnmt2 protein family. the biological function of members of this dnmt2 family is unknown. in the present study, we have demonstrated that ehmeth is a nuclear matrix protein. indeed, we showed by south-western analysis and yeast one-hybrid system that ehmeth binds to ehmrs2, a dna element which contains the eukaryotic consensus scaffold/matrix attachment regions (s/mar) bipartite r ...	2005	15610823
in vitro activity of antiamoebic drugs against clinical isolates of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar.	amoebiasis is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. although a number of antiamoebic agents are used for its treatment, yet the susceptibility data on clinical isolates of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar are not available. therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of e. histolytica and e. dispar to metronidazole, chloroquine, emetine and tinidazole.	2004	15610563
in vitro activity of azithromycin and dirithromycin against axenic entamoeba histolytica.		2004	15599659
ultrastructural observation of human neutrophils during apoptotic cell death triggered by entamoeba histolytica.	neutrophils are important effector cells against protozoan extracellular parasite entamoeba histolytica, which causes amoebic colitis and liver abscess in human beings. apoptotic cell death of neutrophils is an important event in the resolution of inflammation and parasite's survival in vivo. this study was undertaken to investigate the ultrastructural aspects of apoptotic cells during neutrophil death triggered by entamoeba histolytica. isolated human neutrophils from the peripheral blood were ...	2004	15591839
status of intestinal parasite infections among children in bat dambang, cambodia.	a survey was conducted to determine the extent of intestinal parasite infection in bat dambang, cambodia in march 2004. a total of 623 fecal specimens was collected from kindergarten and schoolchildren and examined using the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. the overall infection rate of intestinal parasites was 25.7% (boys, 26.2%; girls, 25.1%), and the infection rates of intestinal helminthes by species were as follows: echinostoma sp. 4.8%, hookworm 3.4%, hymenolepis nana 1.3%, and rhab ...	2004	15591838
amebic liver abscess with bacterial superinfection in a patient with no epidemiologic risk factors.	the amebic liver abscess is uncommon in developed countries like spain, but the incidence is increasing probably due to the migratory movements of the population. we report a case of an amebic abscess, initially unsuspected due to the absence of epidemiologic risk factors and the negative serology for amebiasis, in the early stages of the disease.	2004	15584853
entamoeba histolytica: correlation of assessment methods to measure erythrocyte digestion, and effect of cysteine proteinases inhibitors in hm-1:imss and hk-9:nih strains.	entamoeba histolytica trophozoites are able to degrade human erythrocytes; the loss of erythrocyte cellular matrix and degradation of plasma membrane were observed, along with the decrease in the average size of digestive vacuoles. ninety-six percent of hemoglobin ingested was hydrolyzed by trophozoites within 3h, as evidenced by electrophoresis. accordingly, x-ray spectroscopy revealed the presence of iron inside vacuoles after erythrophagocytosis, the concentration of which decreased to contro ...	2004	15582505
the amoebicidal aqueous extract from castela texana possesses antigenotoxic and antimutagenic properties.	due to long-term treatment toxicity and clinical resistance to drugs commonly used against e. histolytica, new drugs against amoebiasis are urgently needed. castela texana ("chaparro amargo") is a shrub taken traditionally in teas and capsules of dry plant to treat intestinal amoebic infections. an aqueous extract was prepared and its mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxicity properties were evaluated in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. this extract was neither mutagenic when evaluated with the a ...	2005	15582360
ameboma in ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration.		2004	15581177
amebae and ciliated protozoa as causal agents of waterborne zoonotic disease.	the roles free-living amebae and the parasitic protozoa entamoeba histolytica and balantidium coli play as agents of waterborne zoonotic diseases are examined. the free-living soil and water amebae naegleria fowleri, acanthamoeba spp., and balamuthia mandrillaris are recognized etiologic agents of mostly fatal amebic encephalitides in humans and other animals, with immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts among the victims. acanthamoeba spp. are also agents of amebic keratitis. infection is t ...	2004	15567581
comparison of pcr and antigen detection methods for diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica infection.	to assess different laboratory methods for the identification of entamoeba histolytica in clinical samples.	2004	15563665
first report of escherichia coli o157 among iraqi children.	we determined the prevalence of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli, especially e. coli o157, and other enteropathogens among 200 children with bloody diarrhoea and 100 age-matched controls at two baghdad hospitals. bacterial and parasitic agents were found in 39.5% and 28.5% of cases, respectively; no pathogen was detected in 32%. e. coli o157 was identified in 11.5% and more than one pathogen was found in 15.5% of cases. the most common pathogens were enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) (5%); e. c ...	2003	15562746
intestinal parasitic infections and micronutrient deficiency: a review.	malnutrition including vitamin a and iron deficiency and parasitic diseases have a strikingly similar geographical distribution with the same people experiencing both insults together for much of their lives. parasitic infections are thought to contribute to child malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency through subtle reduction in digestion and absorption, chronic inflammation and loss of nutrients. parasites may affect the intake of food; it's subsequent digestion and absorption, metabolism a ...	2004	15559182
oral vaccination with recombinant yersinia enterocolitica expressing hybrid type iii proteins protects gerbils from amebic liver abscess.	protection against invasive amebiasis was achieved in the gerbil model for amebic liver abscess by oral immunization with live attenuated yersinia enterocolitica expressing the entamoeba histolytica galactose-inhibitable lectin that has been fused to the yersinia outer protein e (yope). protection was dependent on the presence of the yope translocation domain but was independent from the antibody response to the ameba lectin.	2004	15557659
the beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase of entamoeba histolytica is composed of two homologous chains and has been localized to cytoplasmic granules.	we have purified a beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica to homogeneity. in sds-page, the enzyme yielded a single protein band at an apparent m(r) of 64,000. the elution behaviour of the native enzyme upon molecular sieve chromatography corresponded to a molecular mass of approximately 132,000 suggesting that the enzyme is a dimer. upon sedimentation velocity centrifugation, hexosaminidase activity sedimented at 12s, implying aggregation to a higher molecular mas ...	2004	15555733
histone acetyltransferases and deacetylase in entamoeba histolytica.	in our efforts to understand how transcription may be regulated in entamoeba histolytica, we have examined if this parasite has conserved enzymatic mechanisms for targeted acetylation and deacetylation of histones. western blotting indicated that basic nuclear proteins in the size range of 16-23 kda were acetylated in amebic trophozoites, suggesting histone acetylation. single representatives of the gnat and myst family of histone acetyltransferases (hats) were identified in the e. histolytica g ...	2004	15555732
molecular characterization of peroxiredoxin from entamoeba moshkovskii and a comparison with entamoeba histolytica.	peroxiredoxin of the pathogenic parasite, entamoeba histolytica, is thought to be involved in protection from oxidative attack by host phagocytic cells and endogenously generated hydrogen peroxide. in this study, we cloned peroxiredoxin genes from the nonpathogenic ameba, entamoeba moshkovskii, and characterized the peroxiredoxin protein. the open reading frame of three cloned cdnas was demonstrated to encode a polypeptide of 218 or 217 amino acids. identity of the amino acid sequence of peroxir ...	2004	15555731
laparoscopic marsupialization of a giant posttraumatic splenic cyst.	nonparasitic cysts are rare clinical lesions of the spleen. causes include congenital malformations and trauma. historically, management has entailed partial or total splenectomy using an open approach. recently, laparoscopic approaches have been developed. in this report, we describe laparoscopic marsupialization of a giant splenic cyst (diameter > 15 cm).	2004	15554287
[autochthonous amebiasis in spain. endemic or emergent disease].		2004	15546526
distribution of entamoeba histolytica gal/galnac lectin-specific antibody response in an endemic area.	to demonstrate the dynamics of specific antibody isotypes against entamoeba histolytica gal/galnac adhesin and its correlation, if any, with the development of immunity, we evaluated subjects suffering from a spectrum of amoebic infections ranging from amoebic liver abscess (ala) to asymptomatic cyst passers. the quantitative analysis of antibody levels was done in the sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. gal/galnac adhesin-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) was higher in ala (and their follo ...	2004	15541046
improved affinity of a human anti-entamoeba histolytica gal/galnac lectin fab fragment by a single amino acid modification of the light chain.	we previously produced, in escherichia coli, a human monoclonal antibody fab fragment, cp33, specific for the galactose- and n-acetyl-d-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin of entamoeba histolytica. to prepare antibodies with a higher affinity to the lectin, recombination pcr was used to exchange ser91 and arg96 in the third complementarity-determining region of the light chain with other amino acids. the screening of 200 clones of each exchange by an indirect fluorescent antibody test showed that 1 ...	2004	15539510
ancient weapons for attack and defense: the pore-forming polypeptides of pathogenic enteric and free-living amoeboid protozoa.	pore-forming polypeptides have been purified from several amoeboid protozoans that are well-known human pathogens. obligate enteric parasites, such as entamoeba histolytica, and free-living but potentially highly pathogenic species, such as naegleria fowleri, contain these cytolytic molecules inside cytoplasmic granules. comprehensive functional and structural studies have been conducted that include isolation of the proteins from their natural sources, monitoring of their biological activity to ...	2004	15537085
an improved pcr-based method for detection and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in formalin-fixed stools.	detection of infectious agents in faecal samples by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) can be limited by the presence of substances which inhibit dna amplification. here, an improved protocol is reported for directly isolating dna from fresh and aged formalin-fixed stools, after concentration by formalin-ethyl acetate (fea). the protocol was successfully applied to detect dna of entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar complex in stools by nested pcr, showing high specificity and low detection limit. ...	2004	15533298
epidemiological survey of the prevalence of parasites among children in khan younis governorate, palestine.	the prevalence of intestinal parasites was determined for 1,370 children in khan younis governorate, gaza strip. the age of the children ranged from 6 to 11 years. for stool samples, inspection, direct smear microscopy, flotation and sedimentation techniques were used. the general prevalence of intestinal parasites was 34.2%. different types of intestinal parasites were detected during this survey: ascaris lumbricoides seemed to be the most common parasite (12.8%), whereas giardia lamblia had a ...	2004	15517386
[treatment of acanthamoeba keratitis: possibilities, problems, and new approaches].	acanthamoeba keratitis is a corneal disease associated predominantly with contact lens wear. the occurrence of acanthamoeba keratitis has been rising since 1990 in correlation to the growing number of contact lens wearers. to date approximately 2000 cases have been published around the world. due to the complicated diagnostics, the elaborate treatment and the usually bad compliance of the patients, acanthamoeba keratitis unfortunately very often takes a serious progression, which may lead to ser ...	2003	15508774
double-stranded rna mediates homology-dependent gene silencing of gamma-tubulin in the human parasite entamoeba histolytica.	approaches that eliminate mrna are a powerful tool for reverse genetics applications in eukaryotic microbes for which gene replacement techniques have not yet been developed. here, for the first time, we demonstrate that rna duplexes efficiently inhibit gene expression when introduced into the human parasite entamoeba histolytica. chemically synthesized, small interfering rna (sirna) were highly specific and efficient in silencing parasite gamma-tubulin mrna. use of specific antibodies revealed ...	2004	15500912
[outbreak of amoebiasis in a dutch family; tropics unexpectedly nearby].	an amoebic liver abscess, amoebic dysentery and asymptomatic cyst passage were diagnosed in a father, a mother and one of their three children, respectively. one of the other children had been in the tropics, but only after the father's symptoms had begun. all three family members were infected with the same strain of entamoeba histolytica as determined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based dna typing. the source of infection was most probably in southern italy where the family regularly spen ...	2004	15495513
murine t-cell clones against entamoeba histolytica: in vivo and in vitro characterization.	eleven t-cell clones were raised from the spleens of balb/c mice hyperimmunized against a crude soluble extract of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. seven clones were of the lyt-1+, and four of the lyt-23+ phenotype. all clones proliferated in the presence of e. histolytica antigens but not to a purified protein derivative; five clones proliferated to a crude extract of the e. histolytica-like laredo amoebae. ten clones secreted t-cell growth factors in response to e. histolytica antigens. two ...	1989	15493266
entamoeba histolytica: cdnas cloned as 30kda collagen-binding proteins (cbp) belong to an antioxidant molecule family. protection of hamsters from amoebic liver abscess by immunization with recombinant cbp.	a cdna expression library of entamoeba histolytica was screened with antiserum to native amoebic collagen binding proteins (cbps), and two clones c13 and c7 which partially encode for the 30 kda cbp were obtained. the sequenced clones were 90% homologous. c7 had a 69 bp deletion at the 5' end that is present in c13 and encodes for a glu-cys-lys rich region and a four amino acids repeat (glu-lys-glu-cys). purified fusion proteins from these cdna clones were able to bind native type i collagen gel ...	2004	15491543
entamoeba histolytica cysteine protease 2 (ehcp2) modulates leucocyte migration by proteolytic cleavage of chemokines.	human amoebiasis is a disease produced by infection with the protozoan entamoeba histolytica currently affecting many millions of people worldwide. amoebic colitis is the most common clinical manifestation. host protective immunity involves participation of both humoral and cellular responses. however, the mechanisms involved in immune evasion are not clear and remain under investigation. one of these mechanisms could be associated with the ability of parasite proteases to modulate or interfere ...	2004	15491473
kinetic mechanism and metabolic role of pyruvate phosphate dikinase from entamoeba histolytica.	the kinetic mechanism and the metabolic role of pyruvate phosphate dikinase from entamoeba histolytica were investigated. the initial velocity patterns in double reciprocal plots were parallel for the phosphoenolpyruvate/amp and phosphoenolpyruvate/pyrophosphate substrate pairs and intersecting for the amp/pyrophosphate pair. this suggests a kinetic mechanism with two independent reactions. the rate of atp synthesis at saturating and equimolar concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate, amp, and pyro ...	2004	15485834
molecular and phylogenetic characterization of syntaxin genes from parasitic protozoa.	vesicular transport is an integral process in eukaryotic cells and the syntaxins, a member of the snare protein superfamily, are a critical piece of the vesicular transport machinery. we have obtained syntaxin homologues from diverse protozoan parasites (including entamoeba, giardia, trichomonas and trypanosoma), determined the paralogue affinity of the homologues by molecular phylogenetics and compared functionally critical amino acid sites identified in other syntaxins. surprisingly, three seq ...	2004	15478792
dynamics of endocytic traffic of entamoeba histolytica revealed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.	entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite of humans, manifests constitutive endocytosis to obtain nutrients and, when induced to express invasive behavior, as a means of ingesting and processing host cells and tissue debris. e. histolytica trophozoites were grown in liquid axenic medium that contained fluorescently labeled fluid-phase markers, so that the kinetics of uptake, the transit of loaded endosomes through the cytoplasm, and the time of release of the markers could be monitored by fl ...	2004	15476263
an experimental model for amoebic abscess production in the cheek pouch of the syrian golden hamster, mesocricetus auratus.	a new experimental model was developed in hamsters for amoebic abscess caused by entamoeba histolytica. e. histolytica trophozoites were cultured in a liquid axenic medium, and then injected intradermally into the cheek pouch of the syrian golden hamster, mesocricetus auratus. inoculation consistently resulted in abscess formation at the site in 20 of 22 (91%) study animals. the amoebic nature of the abscesses was confirmed by light microscopy and histopathologic examination. abscess formation w ...	2004	15468532
low sensitivity of ultrasonography for the early diagnosis of amebic liver abscess.		2004	15464710
speciation and clonality in entamoeba histolytica.		1993	15463785
encystation in entamoeba invadens.	knowledge of the biology and pathogenesis of the human parasite entamoeba histolytica has been limited by the lack of efficient procedures to induce axenic encystation in the laboratory. however, such methods have been developed for e. invadens, a reptilian parasite, for which encystation can be induced by mechanisms that are as yet poorly defined. this has allowed the analysis of some morphological, physiological and biochemical events that accompany differentiation into cysts. elucidation of t ...	1993	15463765
surface properties, pathogenicity and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica.		1993	15463760
a new test for infection by entamoeba histolytica.	entamoeba histolytica is a common parasite of the human intestine, and in a significant percentage of cases it invades the tissues. virulent strains of the organism produce the proteinose histolysain, which almost certainly facilitates the invasive behaviour. histolysoin has been isolated, a selective assay developed, and specific antisera raised against the enzyme. as described here by alfredo luaces, lyda osorio and alan barren, the enzymeba test for infection by e. histolytica combines the sp ...	1993	15463713
cell signalling and motility in entamoeba histolytica.	entamoeba histolytica crawls as a polarized cell following external stimuli, with the translocation of signals modifying extracellular matrix interactions and the amoeba cytoskeleton. nancy guillén here describes how the gliding of e. histolytica cells requires the activity of the actomyosin complex, and how actomyosin functions related to motility are necessary for pathogenesis and for amoebal escape from the host immune response.	1993	15463670
entamoeba histolytica as a model for the primitive eukaryotic cell.	entamoeba histolytica is a structurally simple eukaryote lacking mitochondria, peroxisomes and a well-developed golgi apparatus, also in its biochemistry, it deviates substantially from the more complex eukoryotes. these features have alternatively been interpreted as archaic, ie. the ancestor of entamoeba branched off before the primitive eukaryotic cell obtained proto-mitochondria, or as regressive, ie. entamoeba has lost its mitochondria in the course of its adaptation to a parasitic life sty ...	1993	15463662
the amoeba enigma.	after more than 70 years of intermittent debate over the true relationship between the 'pathogenic' and 'non-pathogenic' forms of entamoeba histolytica, the application of molecular biology has finally yielded an unambiguous answer: these are not interconvertible phenotypes of the same parasite, a kind of unicellular jekyll and hyde, but two quite distinct genetic entities that just happen to look the same. but given the overwhelming evidence now available from gene sequences, pointing to an evo ...	1992	15463553
cell surface proteins of entamoeba histolytica.	to ask what is new in entamoeba histolytica research, one need look no further than the surface of this protozoan parasite. in the past year the cloning and partial characterization of five different surface antigens have been reported, a remarkable result of international research efforts against amebiosis. one of these proteins is the first protective immunogen identified in the animal model of amebic liver abscess. barbara mann and william petri review these recent results, propose a nomencla ...	1991	15463485
entamoeba histolytica: evasion and invasion.		1989	15463124
immunopathology of entamoeba histolytica infections.	entamoeba histolytica infects almost 10% of the world's population and results in about 100 000 deaths annually(1). relatively little information is available concerning the immune response and the immunopathology elicited by this parasite, probably due in part to the lack of a truly appropriate animal model(2-4). however, there has been some progress - particularly concerning the interaction of this parasite with cells of the immune system(5,6). this review summarizes the salient features of th ...	1988	15463113
entamoeba histolytica: from intestine to liver.		1988	15463107
reducing agents and entamoeba histolytica.	entamoeba histolytica remains an important but enigmatic parasite. it displays both non-pathogenic and invasive pathogenic types, which can be distinguished clinically and by isoenzyme markers. yet as debated in parasitology today last year(1), the relationship between these two forms remains unclear. bacterial associates and reducing agents are known to play on important role in the culture of e. histolytica, and possibly in its differentiation and invasive mechanisms. this article briefly revi ...	1988	15463049
blastocystis hominis, a long-misunderstood intestinal parasite.	for over 50 years, blastocystis hominis has been held to be a harmless intestinal yeast-probably frequent in stool samples from man and other primates, but usually ignored except as a possible source of confusion with entamoeba histolytica. more recently, its status as a protozoan parasite has been accepted, and it is now increasingly recognized as an agent of intestinal disease - usually self-limiting but occasionally fatal in monkeys. here, charles zierdt reviews the status o f this intriguing ...	1988	15462991
zymodemes of entamoeba histolytica.		1987	15462942
the pathogenesis of amoebiasis.	amoebiasis, the infection of humans with entamoeba histolytica, has a worldwide distribution; humans are the main reservoir and source of infection(1), although some other primates can also be infected. the motile trophozoite of e. histolytica (fig. 1) lives in the lumen of the large intestine where it multiplies and eventually differentiates into cysts which are shed in the faeces and are responsible for transmission of infection. two forms of amoebiasis are recognized: luminal amoebiasis where ...	1987	15462926
the reliability of entamoeba histolytica zymodemes in clinical diagnosis.		1987	15462904
effect of culture conditions and bacterial associates on the zymodemes of entamoeba histolytica.		1987	15462903
entamoeba histolytica: is it necessary to characterize pathogenic strains?		1987	15462888
entamoeba histolytica: zymodeme and pathogenicity.		1987	15462887
multiple cerebral amoebic abscesses in a child.		2004	15455218
structural analysis of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity of entamoeba histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ehadh2), a member of the adhe enzyme family.	the adhe family of enzymes are bifunctional acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh)/alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) enzymes that probably arose from the fusion of genes encoding separate aldh and adh enzymes. here we have used the entamoeba histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ehadh2) enzyme as a prototype to analyze the structure and function of the aldh domain of adhe enzymes. we find that the n-terminal domain of ehadh2, encompassing amino acids 1-446, is sufficient for aldh activity, consistent with t ...	2004	15383290
role of cysteine proteinase of entamoeba histolytica in target cell death.	the bacterial flora of the intestine plays an important role in the virulence caused by entamoeba histolytica. cysteine proteinase (cp), an amoebic virulence factor, plays a major role in host cell destruction. the mechanism of increased virulence following bacterial co-association is not understood. we studied cp of e. histolytica hm1:imss which was co-associated with escherichia coli k12 strain pre-incubated with galnac or cp specific inhibitor e 64. co-association of e. histolytica with bacte ...	2004	15376772
polymicrobial infections in children with diarrhoea in a rural area of jordan.	polymicrobial infections associated with diarrhoea are common in developing countries. stool specimens were collected from 220 patient children and 100 controls. potential pathogenic agents isolated from 143 (65%) children were identified by molecular and standard microbiological methods. co-infections with two or more agents were detected in 50 (35%) cases. escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, giardia and entamoeba histolytica were found to be predominant. the etiologic agents could not be d ...	2004	15364112
synthesis, characterization and in vitro anti-amoebic activity of new palladium(ii) complexes with 5-nitrothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde n(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazones.	reaction between [pd(dmso)(2)cl(2)] (dmso=dimethylsulfoxide) and n(4)-substituted thiosemicarbazones derived from 5-nitrothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde (l) afforded the complexes [pd(l)cl(2)]. these new complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic studies. spectroscopic studies reveal that thionic sulfur and azomethine nitrogen atom of thiosemicarbazones are coordinated to metal ion. the testing of the anti-amoebic activity of these complexes against the protozoan parasi ...	2004	15358294
pyruvate formate lyase (pfl) and pfl activating enzyme in the chytrid fungus neocallimastix frontalis: a free-radical enzyme system conserved across divergent eukaryotic lineages.	fermentative formate production involves the activity of pyruvate formate lyase, an oxygen-sensitive enzyme that employs a glycyl radical in its reaction mechanism. while common among anaerobic prokaryotes, this enzyme has so far been found in only two distantly related eukaryotic lineages, anaerobic chytridiomycetes and chlorophytes. sequence comparisons of homologues from the chytridiomycetes piromyces and neocallimastix, the chlorophyte chlamydomonas, and numerous prokaryotes suggest a single ...	2004	15352329
[hepatic abscesses in childhood: retrospective study about 33 cases observed in new-caledonia between 1985 and 2003].	hepatic abscesses in childhood are rarely observed in europe. the aim of this word was to study how to diagnose and how to treat an hepatic abscess.	2004	15350993
role of entamoeba histolytica in acute watery diarrhea in hospitalized under-five children.		2004	15347882
rab5-associated vacuoles play a unique role in phagocytosis of the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.	in mammals, rab5 and rab7 play a specific and coordinated role in a sequential process during phagosome maturation. here, we report that rab5 and rab7 in the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, ehrab5 and ehrab7a, are involved in steps that are distinct from those known for mammals. ehrab5 and ehrab7a were localized to independent small vesicular structures at steady state. priming with red blood cells induced the formation of large vacuoles associated with both ehrab5 and ehrab7a ...	2004	15347665
prospective evaluation of lactose malabsorption by lactose hydrogen breath test in individuals infected with entamoeba histolytica and passing cysts.	the aim of the present prospective study was to detect lactose malabsorption in subjects in northern india infected with entamoeba histolytica and passing cysts. the study group included forty-one patients with e. histolytica cysts in at least one of three consecutive faecal samples. lactose malabsorption was detected by a lactose h2 breath test. the results were compared with those of forty controls subjects. thirty-two of forty-one (78.0 %) subjects passing e. histolytica cysts had lactose mal ...	2004	15333150
prevalence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea among hospitalized jordanian patients.	we investigated stool specimens of 400 patients at jordan university hospital (300 patients with clinical diarrhoea and 100 controls without diarrhoea) for the presence of clostridium difficile or its toxin. we found a 9.7% prevalence rate of c. difficile or its toxin in stools of patients with diarrhoea. the prevalence of other potential enteric pathogens, such as salmonella spp. (2.3%), shigella spp. (1.0%) and entamoeba histolytica (2.7%), was significantly less. prevalence of c. difficile or ...	2001	15332775
immunosuppressive treatment inhibits the development of amebic liver abscesses in hamsters.	the aim of the present study was to determine if the inflammation and/or immunosuppression induced by entamoeba histolytica may contribute to amebic invasion.	2004	15328476
[the role of parasites and fungi in secondary infertility].	parasite-host relationships can cause diminished or absent ability to conceive, ectopic pregnancy or pregnancy with undesired course.	2004	15327187
involvement of raft-like plasma membrane domains of entamoeba histolytica in pinocytosis and adhesion.	lipid rafts are highly ordered, cholesterol-rich, and detergent-resistant microdomains found in the plasma membrane of many eukaryotic cells. these domains play important roles in endocytosis, secretion, and adhesion in a variety of cell types. the parasitic protozoan entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebic dysentery, was determined to have raft-like plasma membrane domains by use of fluorescent lipid analogs that specifically partition into raft and nonraft regions of the membrane ...	2004	15322032
cyclosporin a inhibits calcineurin (phosphatase 2b) and p-glycoprotein activity in entamoeba histolytica.	cyclosporin a (csa) inhibits the proliferation of several protozoan parasites through blocking the activity of calcineurin (cn) or p-glycoproteins (pgp). we report here, that inhibition of the proliferation of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, the causal agent of human amebiasis, is due to interference of the phosphatase activity of cn, in a similar fashion to the effect of this immunosuppressive drug on t lymphocytes. the non-immunosuppressive csa analog psc-833, which binds pgp without inter ...	2004	15313136
[nitric oxide and anti-protozoan chemotherapy].	constitutive nitric oxide (no) is generated by constitutively expressed types of no-synthase enzymes (nos-i and -iii), being involved in physiological processes such as nervous transmission and vasodilatation. inducible no, synthesized by the no-synthase isoform nos-ii, is an anti-pathogen and tumoricidal agent. however, inducible no production requires a tight control because of cytotoxic and immune-modulation activity. no produced by human and canine macrophages has long been demonstrated to b ...	2004	15305696
amebic liver abscess.	amebic liver abscess is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of infection with entamoeba histolytica, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. in this article the most recent available information is reviewed relating to epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. we reviewed thousands of cases of amebic liver abscess in the medical literature and present that information as it pertains to mortality, gender, anatomic location of abscesses, a ...	2004	15301125
etiology of acute diarrhea in adults in southwestern nigeria.		2004	15297567
cytopathologic and genetic diagnosis of pulmonary amebiasis: a case report.	amebiasis is a parasitic infection with entamoeba histolytica. pulmonary amebiasis is rare since the infection is commonly manifested as amebic colitis or liver abscess. most pleuropulmonary amebiasis is seen in patients with amebic liver abscesses. a pulmonary amebic lesion without either a liver abscess or amebic colitis is extremely rare. thus, reported cases of sputum cytologic diagnosis of a pulmonary amebic lesion from a patient without a liver abscess are also very rare.	2004	15296344
[investigation of intestinal parasites in aids patients].	in this study, enteric parasites were investigated in the stool samples of 38 aids patients (23 with chronic diarrhea and 15 without diarrhea) prospectively. at least three stool samples from each patient were investigated microscopically for ova or trophozoites. the samples were concentrated with formol-ether method and wet preparations stained with lugol were examined. in addition, the concentrated samples were stained with modified asid-fast (kinyoun's), rhodamine-auramine, modified trichrom ...	2004	15293911
the distribution of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in northern, central, and southern iran.	the present study was carried out from august 1999 through february 2002 in order to determine the prevalence of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in three different climatic regions of iran by using a pcr-rflp method. a total of 16,592 stool samples were randomly collected from different age-groups in central, northern, and southern iran in both urban and rural areas. the samples were examined by direct and formalin-ether concentration methods. a total of 226 samples were positive for ...	2004	15293045
[isolated pleural amebiasis: about one case in france].	isolated pleural amebiasis is exceptional in the world and specially in france.	2004	15292852
signal transduction through the gal-galnac lectin of entamoeba histolytica involves a spectrin-like protein.	capping followed by uroid formation in entamoeba histolytica has been implicated in resistance against the host immune response during development of amoebiasis. the amebic actomyosin cytoskeleton is essential for such a process. a protein from the spectrin family co-localizes with the gal-galnac lectin during capping of this surface protein complex. co-localization is not observed when capping of the gal-galnac lectin is specifically inhibited by production of the carboxyl-terminal region of it ...	2004	15287584
selective identification of the pathogenic e. histolytica in fresh stool samples using polymerase chain reaction (pcr).	stool samples from 93 individuals clinically presumed to have intestinal amoebiasis and subjected to microscopic examination and dna extraction. the pcr amplification was performed using two sets of primers that differentiate between pathogenic and nonpathogenic entamoeba dna. of 93 clinically positive cases, 51 (54.8%) were positive by microscopy, while 53 (56.9%) were detected by pcr as having dna specific for either e. histolytica / e. dispar. a specificity of 85.71% and a sensitivity of 92.1 ...	2004	15287183
diagnostic potentials of copro-antigen detection based elisa, compared to microscopy in intestinal amoebiasis.	ninety three patients clinically presumed to have intestinal amoebiasis were chosen and stool samples were collected from all of them. stool samples were subjected to microscopic examination and entamoeba copro-antigens detection using entamoeba and entamoeba ii tests. out of 93 clinically positive samples, 51 (54.8%) were found positive by microscopy, while 49 (52.7%) were detected by entamoeba test as having antigens specific for e. histolytica/e. dispar (88.24% sensitivity). among 49 specimen ...	2004	15287182
[screening and expression of recombinant human monoclonal antibody fab fragments specific to entamoeba histolytica].	to prepare recombinant human monoclonal antibody fab fragments specific to the surface antigen of entamoeba histolytica.	2004	15281441
pore formation and cytolysis by entamoeba histolytica.		1994	15275556
pathogenicity, virulence and entamoeba histolytica.		1994	15275497
is phagocytosis related to virulence in entamoeba histolytica schaudinn, 1903?	phagocytosis has been suggested as a marker of pathogenicity and virulence in entamoeba histolytica. irmgard montfort and ruy pérez-tamayo here review the evidence for this suggestion.	1994	15275444
progress towards an amebiasis vaccine.	amebiasis (infection by entamoeba histolytica) remains a major health problem in much of the developing world. morbidity and mortality from amebic dysentery and amebic liver abscess have persisted despite the availability of effective anti-amebic therapy, suggesting a need for alternative measures of disease control. through the application of recombinant dna technology, several e. histolytica antigens have now been expressed in prokaryotic systems and tested in animal models as vaccines to prev ...	1996	15275302
differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infections.	in this article, terry jackson and jonathan ravdin briefly review the latest information on monoclonal antibody-based elisas that use antigen capture as a tool in the differential detection of human infection with entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar. current technology of culture and isoenzyme analysis is not widely available, is cumbersome and too time-consuming. a further potential benefit of antigen detection tests is that they can be used to monitor the efficacy of therapy; this is a shortco ...	1996	15275293
modulation of host cell intracellular ca2+.	during the course of evolution, protozoan parasites have developed strategies to subvert the immune response of their host in order to multiply, reproduce and survive. one of these inherited strategies is their capacity to modulate the host cell transductional mechanisms in their favor. alteration of host cells ca(2-) homeostasis following interaction and/or invasion by protozoan parasites such as leishmania donovani, trypanosoma cruzi, plasmodium falciparum or entamoeba histolytica has been rep ...	1996	15275223
recent advances in dna-mediated gene transfer of entamoeba histolytica.	during the past few years, the introduction of dna-mediated gene transfer into parasite research has permitted subtle studies on fundamental aspects of parasite biology. in this paper, egbert tannich describes the recent breakthrough of successful entamoeba histolytica transfection, and the subsequent developments in this field.	1996	15275214
the role of extracellular cysteine proteinases in pathogenesis of entamoeba histolytica invasion.	the extracellular cysteine proteinases of entamoeba histolytica have been implicated as important virulence factors in the pathogenesis of amebiasis and play a key role in tissue invasion and disruption of host defenses. these proteinases have attracted considerable interest as targets for novel therapeutic agents and as vaccine candidates. here, xuchu que and sharon reed highlight some of the more recent findings, focusing in particular on functional and structural features of the extracellular ...	1997	15275090
survival strategies of entamoeba histolytica: modulation of cell-mediated immune responses.	tissue invasion and disease associated with the protozoan entamoeba histolytica has long been connected with suppression of host cellular immunity. dampening of the host's defences may facilitate survival of amoebae in extraintestinal sites and development of the characteristic amoebic abscesses. in recent years, several studies have begun to clarify, at the cellular level, the specific effects e. histolytica has on immune cell accessory and effector cell functions. here, darren campbell and kri ...	1997	15275089
amoebapores.	the enormous cytolytic potential of entamoeba histolytica appeals to parasitologists and immunologists because it kills target cells in a contact-dependent reaction resembling that of cytotoxic lymphocytes. in this review, matthias leippe summarizes what is currently known about a family of pore-forming peptides termed 'amoebapores', to which the cytolytic effect has been attributed, and describes the structural and functional properties of these potent factors, as well as their structure-activi ...	1997	15275088
cysteine proteinase activity is required for survival of the parasite in experimental acute amoebic liver abscesses in hamsters.	axenic trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica strain hm1-imss grown in vitro in the presence of e-64, a potent irreversible inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, preserved their viability, their rate of replication, their resistance to complement, their haemolytic capacity and their ability to destroy target cells, despite complete inhibition of total cysteine proteinase activity. on the other hand, their erythrophagocytic capacity and their ability to decrease ter of mdck cells was partially decrea ...	2004	15267108
energetics and mechanism of ca2+ displacement by lanthanides in a calcium binding protein.	the displacement of ca(2+) by trivalent lanthanide ions (tm(3+)) in a protozoan (entamoeba histolytica) ca(2+) binding protein has been studied by nmr and isothermal calorimetry (itc). the study provides a basis for understanding the behavior of lanthanides when used as a substitute for ca(2+), the pattern of sequential binding, the structural changes involved, the range and magnitude of paramagnetic interaction, and the associated energetics and mechanism. the progressive ca(2+) displacement fr ...	2004	15260475
evaluation of newer diagnostic methods for the detection and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica in an endemic area.	we evaluated the colorimetric polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method for the detection and differentiation of entamoeba spp. and compared the efficacy of e. histolytica-specific antigen detection in faeces with the detection of specific antibodies to e. histolytica-specific antigen in faeces, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. faecal samples were obtained from patients attending hospital in chandigarh, india, from march 2001 to february 2002. the pcr-based colorimetric method was found ...	2003	15259465
enteric infection in relapse of inflammatory bowel disease: importance of microbiological examination of stool.	previous reports have suggested that diarrhoeal relapses of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) may be associated or confused with enteric infection, and that treatment of such infections with appropriate antibiotics may be beneficial. to re-evaluate the suggestion that enteric infection is rare and microbiological testing of stool not routinely necessary in patients presenting with relapse of ibd, we have reviewed the incidence of concurrent infection in patients presenting in relapse over a recen ...	2004	15256979
multiple parasite infections and their relationship to self-reported morbidity in a community of rural côte d'ivoire.	concomitant parasitic infections are common in the developing world, yet most studies focus on a single parasite in a narrow age group. we investigated the extent of polyparasitism and parasite associations, and related these findings to self-reported morbidity.	2004	15256525
calcium binding protein 1 of the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica interacts with actin and is involved in cytoskeleton dynamics.	blocking expression of ehcabp1, a calmodulin-like, four ef-hand protein from the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, resulted in inhibition of cellular proliferation. in this paper we report that ehcabp1 is involved in dynamic changes of the actin cytoskeleton. both endocytosis and phagocytosis were severely impaired in cells where ehcabp1 expression was blocked by inducible expression of the antisense rna. in wild-type cells both actin and ehcabp1 were found to co-localize in phagocytic c ...	2004	15252130