Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| survey of rats (rattus norvegicus) in kuwait for the presence of leptospira. | a survey of brown rats (rattus norvegicus) was made in kuwait in 1979 for the presence of leptospira organisms. kidney tissue from 49 rats, trapped mostly from various kuwait city districts, were cultured on e.m.j.h. and stuart media. eight leptospira strains were isolated; all strains were identical and belonged to leptospira interrogans canicola serogroup; they were later identified as a new serovar kuwait. the frequency of l. interrogans group canicola carriers among the local rats in kuwait ... | 1983 | 6612771 |
| [weil's syndrome due to leptospira interrogans of the ballum serotype]. | 1984 | 6533720 | |
| epidemiological aspects of canine leptospirosis in the netherlands. | the epidemiology of canine leptospirosis has been examined in a limited study in the netherlands from 1969 through 1982. leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola were found to be the only serotypes causing clinical leptospirosis. however, positive agglutination titres to the serotypes grippotyphosa, bratislava, poi and ballum have also been detected. the incidence of infection caused by serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was highest during summer and autumn. infections with ser ... | 1984 | 6532025 |
| leptospiral attachment to cultured cells. | each virulent strain of copenhageni, canicola and pomona of leptospira interrogans attached effectively to mdck cells and primary dog kidney cells, while the avirulent or less virulent line of the same strain and avirulent strains belonging to the same serovars and the avirulent reference strains of other serovars did not. inhibition of the attachment of the virulent copenhageni to mdck cells was found in the presence of the homologous immunoglobulin g fab fragment. strains of l. biflexa attache ... | 1984 | 6532022 |
| phagocytosis of virulent and avirulent leptospires by guinea-pig and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. | chemiluminescence (cl) and electron microscopy were used to study the phagocytosis of both virulent and avirulent strains of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni by guinea-pig and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn). a significant cl response was observed when guinea-pig pmn were incubated with virulent leptospires in the presence but not in the absence of specific immune serum. this response was markedly enhanced by the addition of guinea-pig complement. phagocytosis was confirmed by ... | 1984 | 6514391 |
| leptospiral abortions of sows: new data. | in an immunization experiment, 460 sows at 7-60 days of gestation were inoculated with a rodent-adapted live strain of leptospira interrogans serovar tarassovi at a large swine farm previously affected by this serovar. the inoculum consisted of a haemoculture prepared from the 52nd guinea-pig passage and the dose was 2 x 10(7) leptospires per sow. over the period from the 48th to the 73rd day after inoculation 54 out of 283 sows having been inoculated at 32-60 days of gestation, aborted or deliv ... | 1984 | 6506928 |
| humoral immune response of dogs after vaccination against leptospirosis measured by an igm- and igg-specific elisa. | an igm- and igg-specific elisa was used to measure the antibody response stimulated in dogs by vaccination with a leptospiral bacterin containing chemically inactivated leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and serotype canicola leptospires. all dogs produced anti-leptospiral igm and igg. the igm production was of the primary response type after each vaccination (primary vaccination, booster vaccination and annual revaccination). a substantial anti-leptospiral igg response could be ... | 1984 | 6506449 |
| role of specific antibody in interaction of leptospires with human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. | it has previously been shown that human neutrophils ingest and kill nonpathogenic leptospira biflexa in the absence of serum but that pathogenic leptospira interrogans is not ingested by neutrophils even in the presence of normal serum. we extended this study by examining the interactions of human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages with pathogenic l. interrogans (serovar icterohaemorrhagiae) and evaluating the opsonizing effect of serotype-specific immune serum on the phagocytosis of pat ... | 1984 | 6500713 |
| determination of specific anti-leptospiral immunoglobulins m and g in sera of experimentally infected dogs by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect specific anti-leptospiral igm and igg in sera of dogs experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serotype canicola are reported. in all dogs specific anti-leptospiral igm was detected from the second half of the first week after infection, the maximum being attained during the second week. subsequently the igm titre gradually decreased. specific anti-leptospiral igg was detected later and increased ... | 1984 | 6485247 |
| serodiagnosis of canine leptospirosis by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to leptospira interrogans serotype canicola in dogs was developed and evaluated. comparison of the elisa with the microscopic agglutination test (mat) showed that, during the first two weeks after an experimental infection with serotype canicola, the elisa detected antibody at higher dilutions than the mat. after the second week post-infection both tests detected antibody at almost equal titres (r = 0.89). the outer envelope (oe) ... | 1984 | 6485246 |
| isolation of an antigenic oligosaccharide fraction from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola with a monoclonal antibody. | an oligosaccharide fraction containing the antigenic determinant of lipopolysaccharide antigen (tm antigen) from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, recognized by a monoclonal antibody (ct3) which agglutinates serovars canicola and broomi, was isolated by formic acid and successive sulphuric acid hydrolyses. separation of the antigenic compounds was done by bio-gel p-2 and sephadex g-25 gel filtration, and high-performance liquid chromatography with two different columns. the fraction final ... | 1984 | 6481337 |
| bim, a new serovar of leptospira interrogans isolated from a dog in barbados. | a new serovar of leptospira interrogans was isolated from a dog in barbados. the proposed name of the new serovar is bim, and the designated type strain is 1051. the serogroup of the new serovar is the autumnalis serogroup. the new serovar was subsequently isolated from six patients with leptospirosis in barbados. | 1984 | 6470107 |
| six new leptospiral serovars isolated from wild animals in peru. | six new serovars of leptospira interrogans were isolated from opossums (didelphis marsupialis and philander opossum) trapped in the peruvian jungle. the proposed names, type strain designation, and serogroup of the serovars, respectively, were: huallaga, strain m-7, djasiman serogroup; luis, strain m-6, tarassovi serogroup; machiguenga, strain mmd-3, icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup; rioja, strain mr-12, bataviae serogroup; rupa rupa, strain m-3, sejroe serogroup; and tingomaria, strain m-13, cynop ... | 1984 | 6470106 |
| serologic studies on brucellosis, leptospirosis and tularemia in moose (alces alces) in quebec. | blood samples were obtained from 208 moose in la vérendrye and matane reserves and in laurentides park, quebec, canada. sera were tested for antibodies to brucella abortus, leptospira interrogans serovar ballum, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona, and francisella tularensis. fifteen sera contained evidence of prior exposure to f. tularensis. only one animal was a seroreactor to l. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa and none of them had antibodies to b. abortus. | 1984 | 6429355 |
| a pomona serogroup-specific, agglutinating antigen in leptospira, identified by monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies were produced by hybridoma cell lines derived by fusion of mouse ns-1 myeloma cells with splenocytes from mice immunized with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. one hybridoma (a3) produced an igg2a antibody which agglutinated all leptospires of the pomona serogroup but not leptospires representative of serovars of any other serogroup. the antibody precipitated in immunodiffusions with either alkali- or phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide and also with the tm antigen of ... | 1983 | 6417619 |
| adhesion of leptospires to mouse fibroblasts (l929) and its enhancement by specific antibody. | the adhesion of leptospires (leptospira interrogans serovar. copenhageni l45) to mouse l-cells was studied by microscopic observations. within 3 h of infection of monolayers many leptospires adhered to 95-100% of the cells, and intracellular leptospires were demonstrated by electron microscopy. no specific site of attachment on the cells or the leptospires was observed. avirulent or dead leptospires adhered poorly but attachment of the saprophytic leptospire l. biflexa serovar. patoc occurred on ... | 1984 | 6379182 |
| identification of a reservoir of leptospira interrogans serovar muenchen in voles (microtus agrestis and clethrionomys glareolus) in england. | infection with leptospires of the australis serogroup is widespread in voles in southern england and the serovar identification of five randomly-selected isolates was determined by cross agglutination absorption. two isolates from short-tailed voles (microtus agrestis) and three isolates from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) were all identified as serovar muenchen. the only previous isolation of this serovar is that from a human in germany. | 1983 | 6372316 |
| species- and genus-specific antigens in leptospira, revealed by monoclonal antibodies and enzyme immunoassay. | mouse antisera to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona or l. biflexa serovar patoc agglutinated homologous leptospires but not leptospires of serovars from any heterologous serogroup tested. when tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia), pomona and patoc antisera reacted with all serovars tested from l. interrogans, l. biflexa or l. illini species. a non-agglutinating hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody reacted by eia only with serovars of the pathogenic l. interrogans species but not with l. bifle ... | 1983 | 6359778 |
| serologic survey of california wild hogs for antibodies against selected zoonotic disease agents. | blood samples were collected from trapped or hunter-killed wild hogs (sus scrofa) in 4 areas of california. sera were tested for antibodies against 7 zoonotic disease agents. antibodies against brucella sp were detected in 21 (15%) of 136 samples. antibodies against coxiella burnetii were found in 50% of the collected samples (67 of 135 tested). of the 135 wild hogs screened for pseudorabies virus, 4 (3%) were seropositive. leptospira interrogans antibodies were discovered in 118 (87%) of the 13 ... | 1983 | 6315659 |
| differentiation of subtypes within leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, balcanica and tarassovi, by bacterial restriction-endonuclease dna analysis (brenda). | various strains of leptospira interrogans were compared by bacterial restriction-endonuclease dna analysis (brenda). field strains of serovar hardjo isolated from domestic animals in new zealand, australia and northern ireland were indistinguishable from one another but differed strikingly from the hardjo reference strain hardjoprajitno. similarly, field isolates of balcanica and tarassovi differed from their serovar reference strains, probably owing to a difference in epidemiological niche. sub ... | 1982 | 6288951 |
| prevalence of selected pathogenic microbial agents in the red fox (vulpes fulva) and gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus) of southwestern wisconsin. | free-ranging red foxes (vulpes fulva) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) were trapped in southwestern wisconsin. fox sera were tested to determine the prevalence of antibody for five different leptospira interrogans serovars, canine distemper virus (cdv), infectious canine hepatitis virus (ichv), and franciscella tularensis infections. grippotyphosa was the most prevalent leptospiral serovar antibody observed. twenty-five of 53 (47%) red foxes and 11 of 36 (31%) gray foxes had specific an ... | 1981 | 6265659 |
| identification of leptospira serovars by restriction-endonuclease analysis. | strains of leptospira interrogans were examined by restriction-endonuclease analysis. serovars hardjo and balcanica gave patterns that differed from each other, and from those of other members of the hebdomadis serogroup and members of other serogroups. the method should be useful for the identification of leptospires and might throw light on problems of their classification. | 1981 | 6257907 |
| [studies on endotoxin of leptospira: i. extraction of lipopolysaccharides from leptospira interrogans serovar lai and analysis of their chemical and biological properties]. | 1984 | 6241080 | |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in cows of hokkaido, japan--serological evidence. | 1983 | 6200638 | |
| about the presence of a thermolabile (tl) antigenic fraction in leptospira interrogans. | antisera prepared with living serovars of leptospira interrogans have a fraction anti-tl able to neutralize tl antigen of leptospira strains. after neutralization, any leptospiral serovar is able to adsorb heterologous antisera prepared with living strains. | 1983 | 6200266 |
| antigenic variants of leptospiras detected in peritoneal cavity in early stage of infection in immunized guinea pigs. | antigenic variants were detected firstly 7 h following intraperitoneal challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni shibaura in the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs which had been previously immunized with the homologous strain. the variants appeared at a rate of 63% of the leptospiras which survived in the peritoneal cavity, and the survivors' rate was 0.00005% of the inoculated organisms. the antigenicity of these variants reversed to that of the parent after 3-5 passages in liqui ... | 1982 | 6187138 |
| unstable antigenic variation of leptospiras. | the antigenic variants which were found in leptospiras, leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni shibaura grown in a liquid medium containing a homologous antiserum were found to be unstable. the unstable variants showed decreased agglutinability against the homologous antiserum. the decreased agglutinability of the unstable variants reverted to the parent's level of agglutinability after 1 or 2 passages through the normal serum medium. the unstable variants differed antigenically from the par ... | 1981 | 6168141 |
| detection of leptospiral antibodies in animal sera by means of fractionated antigenic extracts. | sodium dodecyl sulphate extracts of the reference strains mus 127, castellón 3 and arborea of the ballum agglutinogenic serogroup of leptospira interrogans (the species of pathogenic leptospira), of strain patoc 1 of the saprophytic species of l. biflexa, and of strain 3055 of illini serotype, the sole representative of l. illini, were each fractionated by ultracentrifugation in a sucrose density gradient into 10 fractions. the fractions were tested by complement fixation and immunodiffusion aga ... | 1980 | 6159474 |
| comparative studies on two antigens (f4 and tm) extracted from leptospires. | f4 and tm antigens extracted from leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, and copenhageni were compared by immunodiffusion, by hemagglutination inhibition, and by selective absorption of antisera. these data, together with previous information on the serological specificities of the two antigen preparations, suggest that f4 and tm are different antigens. | 1980 | 6158524 |
| restriction endonuclease dna analysis of leptospira interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and hebdomadis. | antigenic variants of leptospira interrogans serovars copenhageni and hebdomadis were examined by bacterial restriction endonuclease dna analysis with ecori, xhoi, sali, bsteii, and hindiii as the digesting enzymes. the antigenic variants were stable cloned strains which had been cultivated in media containing homologous immune serum. one of the strains examined has been reported elsewhere (r. yanagawa and j. takashima, infect. immun. 10:1439-1442) as having an antigenic makeup which more closel ... | 1984 | 6092434 |
| serological interrelationship of leptospira serovar and genus-specific antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the serological interrelationship of a sonicated antigen (pom-s) and an alkali-extracted "fraction 4" antigen (pom-f4) from leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, and an ethanol-precipitated (pat-e) and a formolized, sonicated antigen (pat-f) from leptospira biflexa serovar patoc were investigated. the serological responses of rabbits immunized with these antigens were examined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the microscopic agglutination test, and the 2-mercaptoethanol microsc ... | 1984 | 6084016 |
| benign leptospirosis: first reported outbreak in british isles due to strains belonging to the hebdomadis serogroup of leptospira interrogans. | the clinical and epidemiological features associated with the first reported outbreak in the british isles of benign anicteric leptospirosis, due to strains belonging to the hebdomadis subgroup, are described. four cowherdsmen working in two dairy farms in surrey developed a febrile illness which was not associated with jaundice, but aseptic meningitis was a feature. microscopic agglutination tests with formolized antigen suspensions revealed a significant rise in the agglutinin titres against v ... | 1969 | 5812536 |
| effect of isomeric cis-octadecenoic acids on the growth of leptospira interrogans serotype patoc. | leptospira interrogans serotype patoc exhibited an increasing growth response when cultivated in media containing from 50 to 250 mug of sodium oleate per ml. leptospiral growth in the presence of 250 mug of sodium oleate per ml was as good as that in the basal medium which contained 700 mug of oleic acid (in tween 80) per ml. when positional isomers of oleic acid (9-octadecenoic acid) were present at a concentration of 200 mug/ml, the 2- and 8-isomers were not readily utilized, whereas the 3-, 4 ... | 1969 | 5788693 |
| effect of pharmacologically active drugs on the motility of leptospira interrogans (biflexa). | 1971 | 5138348 | |
| viable, avirulent leptospira interrogans serotype pomona vaccine: preservation in liquid nitrogen. | by the addition of glycerol (10%, v/v), viability titers of serotype pomona vaccine were maintained within 1 to 2 logs (base 10) during controlled-rate freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen. | 1971 | 5130436 |
| observations of the carrier state in hamsters infected with leptospira interrogans serotype pomona. | 1972 | 5070918 | |
| leptospira interrogans serotypes ballum and grippotyphosa isolated from the muskrat. | 1972 | 5007902 | |
| amino acid biosynthesis in the spirochete leptospira: evidence for a novel pathway of isoleucine biosynthesis. | radioactive carbon dioxide was incubated with growing cells of leptospira interrogans serotypes semaranga and tarassovi, and the specific activities and distribution of the label within the cellular amino acids were determined. the origins of the carbon skeletons of all the acid-stable amino acids except isoleucine were found to be consistent with known biosynthetic pathways for these amino acids. experiments using radioactive carbon dioxide and other tracers indicated that most of the isoleucin ... | 1974 | 4808901 |
| isolation of the outer sheath of leptospira and its immunogenic properties in hamsters. | spherical forms of leptospira interrogans serotype canicola hond utrecht iv were induced with 1 m nacl. electron micrographs of these salt-altered cells (sac) revealed that the outer envelope or sheath had pulled away from the protoplasmic cylinder. treatment of sac with 0.02% sodium lauryl sulfate solubilized the sheath and released the protoplasmic cylinder. further processing of the solubilized sheath yielded a pellet which displayed a membrane structure in electron micrographs. the released ... | 1972 | 4635506 |
| subsurface location of non-agglutinating antigens of leptospira interrogans (serotype biflexa). | 1974 | 4614775 | |
| virulence, nutrition and antigenicity of leptospira interrogans serotype pomona in supplemented and nutrient deleted bovine albumin medium. | 1973 | 4599959 | |
| cultural and serologic evidence of leptospira interrogans serotype tarassovi infection in turtles. | 1974 | 4436929 | |
| leptospira interrogans in the ballum serogroup from a vole, microtus oeconomus (pallas) in alaska. | 1974 | 4436918 | |
| trypsin extractable precipitating antigens of leptospira interrogans (serotype biflexa). | 1974 | 4217167 | |
| ultrastructural changes in renal tubules of sheep following experimental infection with leptospira interrogans serotype pomona. | 1974 | 4141375 | |
| genotypes of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in cattle in the uk. | 1985 | 4095887 | |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in a sheep. | 1985 | 4084152 | |
| experimental infection of pregnant and lactating goats with leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and szwajizak. | pathogenesis of 2 leptospira serovars, hardjo and szwajizak, was studied in pregnant and lactating goats. although clinical signs of leptospiral infection were minimal, cultural isolations were made from the mammary gland of 2 goats and the kidney of 1 goat inoculated with serovar hardjo (c846). the isolations were made only on solid bovine albumin polysorbate-80 medium supplemented either with rabbit serum or sodium pyruvate. cultural isolations of serovar szwajizak were made from kidney, liver ... | 1985 | 4083586 |
| experimental infection of lactating goats with leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and hardjo. | pathogenesis of leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and hardjo was evaluated in 14 lactating goats. although mild clinical signs of leptospiral infection characterized by pyrexia and reduction in milk yield appeared in some animals, a consistent clinical pattern was not observed in the inoculated animals. the pomona serovar was isolated from the kidney of 1 of the 4 goats inoculated with serovar pomona. the hardjo serovar (strain ui 750) was isolated in the rabbit serum-supplemented bovine al ... | 1985 | 4083585 |
| experimental demonstration of an antigenic relationship between leptospira and equine cornea. | horses inoculated with either equine cornea or killed leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, tarassovi, icterohaemorrhagiae, wolffi and hardjo, developed corneal opacity and produced antibodies which made it possible to demonstrate partial antigenic identity between equine cornea and four of those serovars employed. these antibodies were isolated by means of immunoadsorptions, purified by ion-exchange chromatography (deae-sephadex a-50) and run by immuno-electrophoresis in agar gel. both antibo ... | 1985 | 4082476 |
| excretion of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo following calving or abortion. | leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was demonstrated in the vaginal discharges of 12 experimentally infected heifers for up to eight days after abortion or calving. organisms were recovered from the oviducts of heifers examined at slaughter eight to 22 days after calving or 32 to 91 days after infection. they were also recovered from the uteri of four heifers eight to 22 days after calving. | 1985 | 4081333 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining specific immunoglobulin m in infections caused by leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | an automated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting specific immunoglobulin m in infections with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was evaluated on 69 patients. the test was sensitive and simple to perform, requiring a single dilution of test serum, with data expressed as units of antibody activity interpolated from a reference serum pool. | 1985 | 4077964 |
| laboratory and clinical features of experimental feline leptospirosis. | in order to assess the clinical, laboratorial and epidemiological aspects of feline leptospirosis, ten female and male adult cats were experimentally inoculated with pathogenic and autochthonous field isolate of leptospira interrogans. five of them were inoculated subcutaneously with serovar icterohaemorrhagiae (r-192) and the others five with serovar canicola. no clinical and laboratorial alterations were found in these animals. antileptospiral agglutinins were detected in 90% of the infected c ... | 1985 | 4077410 |
| the coypu as a rodent reservoir of leptospira infection in great britain. | the coypu (myocastor coypus molina) is an aquatic rodent that has become a widespread pest in the south-east of england. since the natural habitat of this animal is aquatic, the possibility of infection with leptospires was investigated. twenty-nine coypu were trapped and examined by serological, histological and cultural methods. of these, there was serological evidence of infection in seven coypus and leptospira interrogans var. wolffii was isolated from a further animal. this appears to be th ... | 1985 | 4067296 |
| the significance of leptospiral titres associated with bovine abortion. | to investigate relationships between serological titres to 2 serovars, pomona (l. pomona) and hardjo (l. hardjo), of leptospira interrogans and abortions, log linear and logit models were fitted to herd and individual cow data from cattle serologically negative for brucellosis. serological titres to both serovars were significantly related to abortions in individual cows, with l. pomona having a stronger relationship than l. hardjo. l. hardjo was not significant when herd data were analysed. dif ... | 1985 | 4062737 |
| prevention of renal carriage of leptospirosis in dogs by vaccination. | dogs vaccinated with a leptospira interrogans vaccine containing serogroups canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae and prepared from cultures grown in a protein-free medium resisted challenge with heterologous representatives of these serogroups. in contrast, control dogs were pyrexic and leptospires were isolated from the blood for nine days following canicola challenge and six days after icterohaemorrhagiae challenge. leptospires were isolated from the urine of controls throughout the post challenge ... | 1985 | 4060538 |
| the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect the igm and igg antibody response to leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, pomona and tarassovi in cattle. | leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, hardjo and tarassovi were each used to inoculate 6 cattle. three-hundred and ninety-nine sera collected from the inoculated animals and from a control group over a 3-month period were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (mat) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). leptospiruria was monitored by microscopic examination and culture. the elisa detected specific igm antibody against the serovars in all infected cattle 1 week after inocu ... | 1985 | 4049731 |
| bovine leptospirosis: some clinical features of serovar hardjo infection. | during an investigation of natural in utero infection of cattle by leptospira interrogans strains, infection (almost entirely caused by serovar hardjo) was diagnosed in 57 per cent of 505 calves (472 aborted fetuses, 20 stillborn calves and 13 perinatal deaths) examined over a six-year period. the prevalence of leptospire-infected fetuses showed a seasonal increase in september, october and december and was significantly higher in fetuses aborted by dairy cows than in fetuses aborted by beef cow ... | 1985 | 4049693 |
| addition of rabbit serum to emjh medium improves isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | the addition of 2% pooled rabbit serum to semi-solid commercial emjh medium with emjh enrichment and 0,5 mg of 5-fluorouracil per ml was found to enhance the growth rate and success of isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from bovine urine. cultures made on media without serum had to be kept for more than 130 days before being discarded as negative. | 1985 | 4011158 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo associated with bovine abortion in south africa. | leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was isolated from urine from dairy cattle in the onderstepoort area. this was the first successful isolation of this serovar as sole agent causing an abortion storm in the republic of south africa. abortions occurred as early as at 4 months' gestation. | 1985 | 4011157 |
| borreliosis in dogs from southern connecticut. | blood samples were obtained from dogs in tick-infested regions of southern connecticut to assess canine exposure to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease in human beings. an indirect fluorescent antibody test detected immunoglobulin (ig)m antibodies at titers of 1:64 to 1:512 in 22 of 84 serum samples previously shown to be positive with a polyvalent rabbit anti-dog total ig conjugate. analyses of paired serum samples from 20 seropositive dogs revealed temporal differences in ... | 1985 | 3997647 |
| experimental infection of calves with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo: conjunctival versus intravenous route of exposure. | eight-month-old calves, housed under maximum isolation, were exposed to pathogenic leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo by the conjunctival route or iv. one calf served as an unexposed control. infection was monitored serologically (microscopic agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; elisa) and by leptospiral culture isolation from periodic urine samples and from the kidneys, epididymides, and aqueous humor collected at slaughter. microscopic agglutination test titers of great ... | 1985 | 3994099 |
| identification and characterization of the protein antigens of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | we radiolabeled leptospira proteins with [35s]methionine. solubilized extracts of radiolabeled l. interrogans serovar hardjo strain hardjoprajitno were analyzed by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. we compared the protein profile obtained in this manner to the protein profiles of various [35s]methionine-labeled leptospira spp. the profiles of the pathogenic l. interrogans strains were very similar but not identical and exhibited no obviou ... | 1985 | 3988343 |
| the risk of leptospirosis in united kingdom fish farm workers. results from a 1981 serological survey. | less than one per cent of serum samples taken from 257 fish farmers in 1981 had agglutinating antibodies to strains of leptospira interrogans of serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae at a titre of 30 or greater. compared with the results from other serological surveys, this agglutinating antibody prevalence suggests that fish farming does not have a high occupational risk for leptospirosis. between 1961 and 1981 the incidence in fish farmers was about 33 per 100000 person years at risk. during the same ... | 1985 | 3973382 |
| dna homology studies of leptospires of serogroups sejroe and pomona from cattle and swine. | hybridization studies of chromosomal dna from leptospiral strains representing leptospira interrogans, serogroups sejroe and pomona from cattle and swine were performed to determine the degree of homology among their dna sequences. chromosomal dna isolated from leptospires of the sejroe and pomona serogroups was radiolabeled and used to probe dna isolated from other strains in these serogroups. serovars hardjo (hardjoprajitno), hardjo (hardjo-bovis), balcanica (1627 burgas), pomona (pomona), and ... | 1986 | 3963602 |
| the enumeration of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona by a bioluminescence atp assay. | a rapid method for enumerating viable leptospira interrogans serovar pomona cells was investigated using a bacterial adenosine triphosphate (atp) assay. the atp was assayed by the luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence reaction. samples of serovar pomona grown in liquid polysorbate 80-bovine albumin (p80-ba) medium for 1-3 days were analysed for atp content, culture density (nephelometry), direct cell count and most probable number of viable cells (mpnvc) as determined by the dilution tube techniq ... | 1986 | 3957938 |
| the classification of sejroe group serovars of leptospira interrogans with monoclonal antibodies. | using the hybridoma technique we produced monoclonal antibodies to serovars of leptospira interrogans. we focussed on serovar hardjo which is an important pathogen for humans and animals, and on other serovars of the sejroe group. with combinations of monoclonals, characteristic patterns of agglutination were observed according to the specific pattern of antigenic determinants of that serovar. a set of 13 monoclonal antibodies was composed which allowed the classification of almost all serovars ... | 1985 | 3901617 |
| isolation of a spirochete from the soft tick, ornithodoros coriaceus: a possible agent of epizootic bovine abortion. | a borrelia-like spirochete was detected in all three parasitic stages of ornithodoros coriaceus, the soft tick implicated in the epizoology of epizootic bovine abortion. after the spirochete had been isolated, its distinctness from other north american tick-borne borreliae as well as from spirochaeta aurantia, treponema pallidum, and leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was established on the basis of its morphology, protein components, and inability to infect mice. the spirochete is passed tra ... | 1985 | 3898367 |
| monoclonal antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. | three monoclonal antibodies produced against leptospira interrogans serovar pomona have been studied for their diagnostic usefulness. all three monoclonals reacted strongly in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent antibody test with serovar pomona and did not react with serovars grippotyphosa, canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae and hardjo. | 1985 | 3893661 |
| monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis of infection with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo by immunofluorescence. | 1985 | 3892877 | |
| enzymatic radioimmunoassay for detecting leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in the urine of experimentally-infected pigs. | an enzymatic radioimmunoassay (eria) has been developed for detecting leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in porcine urine. four grower pigs were experimentally infected with serovar pomona. a total of 39 urine samples was collected, and eria was compared with dark ground microscopy (dgm) and culture for demonstrating leptospiruria. of 20 samples positive by at least one technique, leptospires were detected by eria in 14, by culture in 16 and by dgm in 13. eria, unlike the other 2 methods, was ... | 1985 | 3890354 |
| rapid serodiagnosis of leptospirosis using the igm-specific dot-elisa: comparison with the microscopic agglutination test. | the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (ma test) for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. of 177 sera from 68 soldiers who trained in the republic of panama, 102 sera were positive in the ma test and 93 of these sera were positive in the igm-specific dot-elisa. incidence of infection was 50 of 68 patients with the ma test and 48 of 68 in the igm dot-elisa. five ma test-positive sera were reactive only in the igg-specific dot-elis ... | 1985 | 3885773 |
| effects of products of autolysis of tissue and urine on the viability, morphology, and antigenicity of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. | the effect of the products of autolysis on leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was investigated in bovine kidney tissues and urine inoculated with this organism. no viable leptospires were found at 24 h or subsequently after inoculation of kidney tissues or urine. leptospires and their soluble antigens were rapidly destroyed in tissues stored at 20 degrees c and could not be detected by the fluorescent-antibody test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. on the other hand, leptospires were ... | 1985 | 3882747 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies to treponema pallidum. | thirteen hybrid cell lines which produce mouse monoclonal antibodies to treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, have been established. all of the monoclonal antibodies react with t. pallidum, nichols strain, in elisa and in immunofluorescence assays, but do not react with normal rabbit testicular tissue in the elisa. two of these antibodies were demonstrated to react with the nonpathogenic treponemes t. phagedenis, biotype reiter, t. refringens (noguchi strain), t. vincentii, and t. ... | 1985 | 3880576 |
| studies on equine recurrent uveitis. ii: the role of infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. | an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of immunoglobulin class specific antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in the serum and aqueous humor of horses. serum antibody was also assayed by microscopic agglutination tests. although higher levels of antibody were found in sera from horses with signs of uveitis, the association was not statistically significant. antibodies to pomona were detected in the aqueous of 12 eyes from the 101 horses sampled at a sl ... | 1985 | 3877614 |
| [three new serovars in leptospira interrogans]. | 1985 | 3837543 | |
| serology and virology of the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus l.). | sera from four bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus l.) were examined for the presence of specific antibodies, and tissue and swab samples from six and four animals respectively were processed for isolation of viruses and for initiation of bowhead whale cell cultures. all sera were negative for antibodies to nine serovars of leptospira interrogans and to 21 orthomyxovirus subtypes and a paramyxovirus (newcastle disease virus). all sera were positive, however, for neutralizing antibodies to one or ... | 1987 | 3820430 |
| opsonic monoclonal antibodies against lipopolysaccharide antigens of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | six monoclonal antibodies produced from mice immunised with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo were directed against determinants in the leptospiral lipopolysaccharide, as indicated by immunodiffusion and enzyme immunoassay (eia), and opsonised leptospires for phagocytosis by mouse macrophages. their specificities were studied by agglutination and eia. five antibodies reacted with some, but not all, members of the sejroe and hebdomadis serogroups, and one antibody agglutinated exclusively mem ... | 1987 | 3820267 |
| effect of heat or chemical treatment on leptospiral antigens. | the use of bacterins is one of the primary methods in the control of leptospirosis in domestic animals, especially cattle, swine, and dogs. bacterins have been made using chemically treated or heat-inactivated organisms. many of the initial studies indicated that the bacterins gave complete protection, whereas later reports found that some inactivation methods resulted in bacterins that protect against death but not against kidney infection and renal shedding. this raised the possibility that so ... | 1987 | 3818922 |
| penicillins, cephalosporins, and tetracyclines in treatment of hamsters with fatal leptospirosis. | a predictable 6- to 7-day course of a fatal leptospira interrogans serovar bataviae infection in experimentally infected mature 110- to 150-g hamsters was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of conventionally used and newer antibiotics. active drugs were ampicillin, bacampicillin, cyclacillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin, doxycycline, chlortetracycline, cefotaxime, and moxalactam. cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefamandole, and cefoperazone showed little or no activity in preliminary studies. in de ... | 1986 | 3813511 |
| [weil's syndrome caused by leptospira interrogans serogroup australis serotype bratislava]. | 1986 | 3809808 | |
| storage of pathogenic leptospires in liquid nitrogen. | the virulence and viability of various serovars of leptospira interrogans were successfully preserved by storage in liquid nitrogen. dimethyl sulphoxide at a final concentration of 2.5% (v/v) was added as cryoprotectant to a culture of leptospires grown in ellinghausen-mccullough-johnson-harris medium. ampoules were cooled at a controlled rate of 1 degree-3 degrees c/min to -70 degrees c, then transferred to the liquid phase of a liquid nitrogen storage unit. glycerol was discounted as a cryopro ... | 1986 | 3804861 |
| what is the correct specific epithet for pathogenic leptospirae? | the underlying documentation of the first descriptions of members of the genus leptospira is carefully revised. stimson's publication of? spirochaeta interrogans (1907) is to be inadequate and not suitable to be recognized as the first valid description of a new genus being only a description of a spirochete-like microorganism without any documentation. the naming of the species of pathogenic leptospira interrogans is therefore not in confirmity with the requirements of the international code of ... | 1986 | 3788349 |
| development of an improved selective medium for isolation of leptospires from clinical material. | standard albumin-tween 80 medium (emjh) for growth of leptospires was modified by the addition of six antibiotics to produce a superior, selective medium for primary isolation of leptospires of serovars hardjo and pomona of leptospira interrogans from clinical material. | 1986 | 3788051 |
| the first isolation of leptospira interrogans serogroup ballum serovar castellonis in chile. | 1986 | 3776382 | |
| the susceptibility of a strain of leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae to amoxycillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and minocycline. | the failure of prophylactic penicillin to prevent a laboratory acquired case of icterohaemorrhagiae leptospirosis prompted determination of the mic and mbc of amoxycillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and minocycline for the infecting strain. amoxycillin followed by erythromycin were the most effective, with mbcs of 0.5 mg/l after 7 days exposure and 0.1 mg/l after 21 days exposure respectively. leptospires grew in the presence of high concentrations of tetracycline hy ... | 1986 | 3765950 |
| heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharide banding patterns in leptospira spp. | strains of leptospira interrogans and leptospira biflexa, examined by electrophoresis after whole cell lysis and protein digestion, revealed the presence of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and an heterogeneous lipopolysaccharide electrophoretic banding pattern, which was characteristic of the species. | 1986 | 3760822 |
| pathogenesis and red blood cell destruction in haemoglobinaemic leptospirosis. | sequential morphological changes were seen in rbcs, spleen and liver from hamsters during the development of haemoglobinaemia following infection with leptospira interrogans serovar ballum. spleens from pre-haemoglobinaemic hamsters showed sequestration of rbcs and erythrophagocytosis but to a lesser degree than was seen in the haemoglobinaemic hamsters. erythrophagocytosis and rbc sequestration were also seen in the liver, particularly in the haemoglobinaemic animals. none of these changes was ... | 1986 | 3760265 |
| morphological changes in red blood cells of calves caused by leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. | haemoglobinaemia is seen in certain hosts infected by certain serovars of leptospira interrogans, but is absent from other serovar-host associations. comparisons were made between calves infected with serovar pomona and those receiving a crude "toxin" prepared from the same organism. red blood cells from "toxin"-injected calves showed discocyte-echinocyte transformation and contained portions of cytoplasm segregated within vacuoles. these animals showed increased sequestration of rbcs within the ... | 1986 | 3760264 |
| gellan gum as a substitute for agar in leptospiral media. | an albumin polysorbate semisolid medium (ellinghausen mccullough johnson harris medium) gelled with gellan gum (gelrite; kelco div., merck & co., inc.) compared favorably with conventional agar media for the cultivation of both pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires. the gellan gum medium supported the growth of all 18 leptospiral strains studied which included an array of serovars with various fastidious growth characteristics. gellan gum medium was also used advantageously as a long-term maint ... | 1986 | 3754265 |
| isolation of leptospires from the genital tracts of iowa cows. | leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was recovered from 5 of 11 nonpregnant cows chosen at random from an iowa slaughterhouse. isolations were made from the kidney in each instance, the genital tract of 3 cows: uterus from 1 cow, oviduct of another, and oviduct and uterus of a 3rd cow. | 1986 | 3752677 |
| problems associated with the serological diagnosis of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in bovine populations. | data combining sequential bacteriology and serology from a longitudinal study of a dairy herd were used to demonstrate the limitations of serology as a diagnostic method in cross-sectional sampling of bovine populations. whole-herd point serological prevalences showed considerable variation over a two-year sampling period (38.8 to 76.2 per cent), and this was mainly due to varying age-specific prevalence. owing to the rapid decline in titres and the varying persistence of infection, point serolo ... | 1986 | 3750784 |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava from sows in iowa. | leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava was recovered from 2 of 10 sows examined from an iowa slaughterhouse. isolations were made from the kidney and genital tract of each sow. serovar bratislava is not included in vaccines because it has not been previously isolated in the united states. | 1986 | 3740615 |
| in vitro studies of haemolysis by leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and ballum. | washed and unwashed red blood cells (rbc) from young calves, adult cattle, hamsters and humans were incubated with leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and ballum. washed cells suspended in saline were always haemolysed while unwashed cells and those which were washed and resuspended in plasma were never haemolysed, despite the presence of large numbers of organisms within the culture supernatant. pomona produced greater haemolysis of cattle and human rbc than did ballum, but with hamster rbc ... | 1986 | 3739212 |
| comparison of antibodies to leptospira in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and cattle in ohio. | a survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of leptospiral antibodies in sera from 248 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in ohio. the sera were collected at check stations during the hunting season in 1983. the microscopic agglutination microtiter test was used to determine the presence of antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, icterohemorrhagiae, canicola, hardjo, and grippotyphosa. eighteen of 248 (7.3%) serum samples had antibody titers (greater than or equal to ... | 1986 | 3735579 |
| serological studies on british leptospiral isolates of the sejroe serogroup. i. the identification of british isolates of the sejroe serogroup by the cross agglutinin absorption test. | using the cross agglutinin absorption test 12 british leptospiral isolates of the sejroe serogroup were identified to serovar level. six strains isolated from cattle, two from pigs and one from a human were identified as leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. two isolates from wildlife were identified as leptospira interrogans serovar saxkoebing. one further strain isolated from wildlife closely resembled serovar saxkoebing, but specific identification was not possible. these are the first repor ... | 1986 | 3734440 |
| the detection of leptospires by a chemiluminescent immunoassay. | rabbit serum hyperimmune to leptospira interrogans var icterohaemorrhagiae serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, reference strain rga was conjugated to the chemiluminescent label abei (6-[n-(4-aminobutyl)-n-ethyl amino]-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione) in the presence of the coupling agent, edc (1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl amino-propyl)-carbodiimide hcl). the luminescent conjugate was incubated with homologous and heterologous antigens. the results indicate that chemiluminescence may provide an accurate and ra ... | 1986 | 3723587 |
| glycolipoprotein cytotoxin from leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. | lipopolysaccharide (lps), glycolipoprotein (glp) and lipid extract were prepared from leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. glp, lipid extract or purified fatty acids from lipid extract produced cytotoxic effects seen as cell enzyme leakage followed by cytotoxic death when tested in mouse fibroblast l929 cells in tissue culture. all extracts also agglutinated mouse erythrocytes but purified lps was not cytotoxic. neither glp nor lps were pyrogenic but both gelled limulus amoebocyte lysate. ... | 1986 | 3711858 |
| ultrastructure and chemical composition of lipopolysaccharide extracted from leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) from leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni was prepared from the aqueous phase of a phenol/water extract. electron microscopic examination of negatively stained lps showed a mixture of ribbon-like, round and ring structures. carbohydrate analysis of the preparations revealed pentoses, hexoses, heptoses, hexosamines, and a 2-keto-3-deoxyonic acid which was chromatographically different from authentic 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (kdo). the major fatty acids of the lps ... | 1986 | 3711857 |
| radiometric method for the rapid detection of leptospira organisms. | a rapid and sensitive radiometric method for detection of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni is described. stuart's medium and middlebrook tb (12a) medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin, catalase, and casein hydrolysate and labeled with 14c-fatty acids were used. the radioactivity was measured in a bactec 460 (johnston laboratories). with this system, leptospira organisms were detected in human blood in 2 to 5 days, a notably shorter time ... | 1986 | 3700624 |