Publications

glutamine synthetase of klebsiella aerogenes: genetic and physiological properties of mutants in the adenylylation system.	mutations resulting in defects in the adenylylation system of glutamine synthetase (gs) affect the expression of glna, the structural gene for gs. mutants with lesions in glnb are glutamine auxotrophs and contain repressed levels of highly adenylylated gs. glutamine-independent revertants of the glnb3 mutant have acquired an additional mutation at the glne site. the glne54 mutant is incapable of adenylylating gs and produces high levels of enzyme, even when ammonia is present in the growth mediu ...	1977	14117
regulation of glna messinger ribonucleic acid synthesis in klebsiella aerogenes.	we examined wild-type and mutant strains of klebsiella aerogenes for the relative amounts of ribonucleic acid (rna) hybridizing specifically to deoxyribonucleic acid from a transducing phage carrying glnak, the structural gene for glutamine synthetase. our data showed a positive correlation between the intracellular level of glutamine synthetase and the level of glna messenger rna; we were unable to detect glna messinger rna in strains devoid of glutamine synthetase protein. therefore, it is pos ...	1977	14114
biochemical parameters of glutamine synthetase from klebsiella aerogenes.	the glutamine synthetase (gs) from klebsiella aerogenes is similar to that from escherichia coli in several respects: (i) it is repressed by high levels of ammonia in the growth medium; (ii) its biosynthetic activity is greatly reduced by adenylylation; and (iii) adenylylation lowers the ph optimum and alters the response of the enzymes to various inhibitors in the gamma-glutamyl transferase (gammagt) assay. there are, however, several important differences: (i) the isoactivity point for the ade ...	1977	14104
ammonium uptake and metabolism by mitrogen fixing bacteria. ii. klebsiella pneumoniae.	the primary steps of n2, ammonia and nitrate metabolism in klebsiella pneumoniae grown in a continuous culture are regulated by the kind and supply of the nitrogenous compound. cultures growing on n2 as the only nitrogen source have high activities of nitrogenase, unadenylated glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase and low levels of glutamate dehydrogenase. if small amounts of ammonium salts are added continuously, initially only part of it is absorbed by the organisms. after 2-3 h complete ...	1976	13759
aerobic flora examination of sputum (author's transl).	the routine bacteriological test of expectorate, except for mycobacteria, is usually unsatisfactory. there is a need of standardization which results in the present paper from a comparison between the data obtained by two different laboratories on the same samples. it is possible to achieve reasonable and uniform results establishing a uniformity of some procedures, namely; collection of specimens, homogenization, number and type of media, interpretation of data and so on.	1976	13743
study on the viscolytic activity of the sputum (author's transl).	several mucolytic agents were evaluated on sputum for testing their viscolytic activity and the bacterial tollerance to each of them. proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, pepsin, papain, pancreatin), kj, and dithiothreitol (or its derivatives) were better tollerated by common respiratory pathogens (h. influenzae, d. pneumoniae, klebsiella, etc.) than other mucolytic agents, as acetil-cysteine, cisteamine-hcl, tension active substances, mercaptoethanol, and others. the dithiothreitol showed also one of ...	1976	13742
bacteriological examination of sputum (author's transl).	the aa., emphasizing the importance of ascertain the bronchial source of microorganisms recoverable from sputum, recommend for this purpose the use of properly collected sputum specimens and the application of washing treatment for mucopurulent materials. the aim of the present study has been to verify the effectiveness of mechanical apparatus to homogenize sputum without affecting the viability of resident microorganisms and the usefulness of prior microscopical examination to establish the rat ...	1976	13741
transport of cyclitols by a proton symport in klebsiella aerogenes.	the respiration and the atp content of klebsiella aerogenes in the presence of various inhibitors were compared to the transport of scyllo-inositol. the atpase was found to be inhibited by dicyclohexyl carbodiimide. the transport has been tested in anaerobiosis and aerobiosis. from the results obtained it is concluded that either atp or respiration can sustain the transport activity in independent manner. 2. the energy derived from the respiratory chain reactions or the atp hydrolysis results in ...	1977	12979
1, 4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase from klebsiella pneumoniae purification, subunit structure and amino acid composition.	1. a 1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase from klebsiella pneumoniae has been purified about 80-fold with an over-all yield greater than 35%. the purified enzyme has been shown to be homogeneous by gel electrophoresis at different ph-values, by isoelectric focusing, by dodecylsulfate electrophoresis and by ultracentrifugation. 2. the molecular weight of the native enzyme has been determined to be 180 000 by ultra-centrifugation studies, in good agreement with the value of 189 000 estimated by gel perm ...	1976	12945
the regulation of respiration rate in growing bacteria.		1976	12649
osteomyelitis following puncture wounds of the foot in children.	review of the laboratory and clinical findings and treatment of eight patients with osteomyelitis of the foot after puncture wounds revealed that: 1) osteomyelitis after puncture wounds is a infrequent but potentially serious complication, with significant morbidity; 2) osteomyelitis is frequently preceded by inadequate primary care for simple puncture wounds, and when treatment is appropriate, osteomyelitis usually can be avoided; 3) p. aeruginosa is the most commonly recovered organism; 4) the ...	1976	12375
approach to a practical method for screening and identifying microorganism genera from urine (author's transl).	in this study the author reported upon a practical new system for screening and identifying the microbial agents causing urinary tract infections. this system is composed of a combination of 3 screening procedures (ph-value + nitrite-test + catalase-test) and 8 selective culture media for the purpose of genus identification within 24 hours (uripret-g). a total of 130 cultures was investigated. the employed microorganisms were mainly recovered from urine samples. they included the following speci ...	1976	11179
in vitro study of netilmicin compared with other aminoglycosides.	netilmicin (sch 20569) is an ethyl derivative of gentamicin c(1a) that is active against most enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus isolates. among 342 clinical isolates tested, all staphylococci; 92% of escherichia coli, 93% of klebsiella pneumoniae, and 92% of enterobacter were inhibited by 0.8 mug or less of netilmicin per ml, but only 78% of p. aeruginosa were inhibited by 3.1 mug or less per ml. most clinical isolates of enterococci, serratia marcescens, and ...	1976	10829
defence against bacterial drug resistance.		1976	10047
rapid diagnosis of enterobacteriaceae. i. detection of bacterial glycosidases.	the paper describes a number of tests for the rapid detection of glycosidases including alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-xylosidase and alpha-fucosidase. the methods use heavy suspensions of viable but non-multiplying bacteria in a buffered solution of a chromogenic substrate. the results of the tests are readable within 4 h. the application of these tests to a collection of 633 strains of enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae demonstrates that some of the tests may be ...	1976	9774
effect of capsular polysaccharide of klebsiella pneumoniae on host resistance to bacterial infections. i. induction of increased susceptibility to infections in mice.	when klebsiella pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide (cps-k) from type 1, kasuya strain, was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) immediately before i.p. bacterial challenge, the survival time of mice infected with salmonella enteritidis nub 1 (virulent strain) was shortened and the mortality rate for mice infected with s. enteritidis nub 31 (avirulent strain) was enhanced. the promotion of infection with s. enteritidis nub 1 by cps-k depended upon its dose, the effect of cps-k being demonstrable up ...	1976	9528
factors influencing the immune enhancement of intrapulmonary bactericidal mechanisms.	the effect of specific immunization on the antibacterial defense mechanisms of the murine lung was assessed against streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus aureus (smith), serratia marcescens, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. immunization by aerosol inhalation significantly enhanced the intrapulmonary killing of pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus mirabilis but not the remaining organisms. with p. mirabilis, systemic immunization induce ...	1976	9364
current resistence situation in a surgical and urological department.	spectrum and sensitivity of bacteria were studied at the surgical (534 positive wound smears) and the urological clinics (7879 urine specimens). krankenhaus nordwest, frankfurt/m., during the period of 1969-1971 and in 1973. the most common organisms identified in wound smears were e. coli, followed by staph. areus, aerobacter and proteus species. e. coli were also predominant in urine, but followed by enterococci, proteus and pseudomonas. e. coli, proteus species and especially pseudomonas incr ...	1976	9344
antibacterial activity of sisomicin in comparison with gentamicin.	the antibacterial activity of sisomicin -- a new aminoglycoside antibiotic -- as compared with gentamicin was tested on 521 bacterial strains of different species in a serial-dilution test. staphylococci, streptococci, e. coli, klebsialla-enterobacter, indole-psitive proteus strains, pseufomonads, salmonads, salmonellae, and serratia marcescens were inhibited to the extent of 100% at a maximun of 4.0 mug/ml. sisomicin showed a higher antibacterial activity against part of the bacterial species. ...	1976	9099
amino acids as repressors of nitrogenase biosynthesis in klebsiella pneumoniae.	nitrogenase biosynthesis in klebsiella pneumoniae including mutant strains, which produce nitrogenase in the presence of nh+4 (shanmugam, k.t., chan, irene, and morandi, c. (1975) biochim. biophys. acta 408, 101--111) is repressed by a mixture of l-amino acids. biochemical analysis shows that glutamine synthetase activity in strains sk-24, sk-28, and sk-29 is also repressed by amino acids, with no detectable effect on glutamate dehydrogenase. among the various amino acids, l-glutamine in combina ...	1976	8101
determinants of lung bacterial clearance in normal mice.	the determinants of the lung clearance of streptococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, and staphylococcus aureus were studied in normal mice after exposure to an aerosol of viable bacteria and 99mtc-labeled dead bacteria. the fraction of bacteria in lungs that remained viable 4 h after exposure were: s. pneumoniae, 7.3%; k. pneumoniae, 121%; e. coli, 88.5%; s. aureus, 27.6%. the rate of physical removal of bacterial particles (kmc) was determined from the change in lung 99m ...	1976	7575
observations on brilliant green agar with h2s indicator.	several formulations of brilliant green agar with an added h2s indicator were evaluated. results were optimum with variations of a basic formula consisting of 40 g of tryptic soy agar (difco), 8 g of lactose, 8 g of sucrose, 80 mg of phenol red, 1 g of sulfanilamide, 1.5 g of ferric ammonium citrate, 5 g of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, and 7 mg of brilliant green dye per liter. brilliant green dye was added after sterilization of the other components this formulation supported good growth of ...	1976	7190
bacteriological findings in materials from patients with nonspecific odontogenic infections.	the results of bacteriological studies made between 1964 and 1971 by workers at the varia laboratory, institute of medical microbiology on 767 patients treated at the clinic of gnathofacial surgery, department of medicine, friedrich schiller university at jena, are evaluated. the testees (x=275) were included in groups with specific diagnoses, and a breakdown was made according to the detection of aerobic pus-forming germs. gram-positive cocci were detected in 92% of the cases and their pathogen ...	1976	7062
classical and postclassical modes of regulation of the synthesis of degradative bacterial enzymes.		1976	6998
the effect of nitrogen limitation on catabolite repression of amidase, histidase and urocanase in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	in pseudomonas aeruginosa, the synthesis of histidase, urocanase and amidase is severly repressed when succinate is added to a culture growing in pyruvate + ammonium salts medium. when growth is nitrogen-limited, catabolite repression by succinate of histidase and urocanase synthesis does not occur but succinate repression of amidase synthesis persists. amidase synthesis is not regulated in the same way as histidase synthesis by the availability of other nitrogen compounds for growth. growth of ...	1976	6623
regulation of enzyme formation in klebsiella aerogenes by episomal glutamine synthetase of escherichia coli.	we studied the physiology of cells of klebsiella aerogenes containing the structural gene for glutamine synthetase (glna) of escherichia coli on an episome. the e. coli glutamine synthetase functioned in cells of k. aerogenes in a manner similar to that of the k. aerogenes enzyme: it allowed the level of histidase to increase and that of glutamate dehydrogenase to decrease during nitrogen-limited growth. the phenotype of mutations in the glna site was restored to normal by the introduction of th ...	1976	6431
glutamate dehydrogenase: genetic mapping and isolation of regulatory mutants of klebsiella aerogenes.	the gene for glutamate dehydrogenase (gdhd) has been mapped in klebsiella aerogenes by p1 transduction. it is linked to pyrf and trp with the order pyrf-trp-gdh. complementation analysis using f' episomes from escherichia coli suggests an analogous location in e. coli. two mutants able to produce glutamate dehydrogenase in the presence of high levels of glutamine synthetase have been isolated. one, tightly linked to gdhd, shows normal repression control by glutamine synthetase but produces four ...	1976	6429
regulation of histidase synthesis in intergeneric hybrids of enteric bacteria.	regulation of the expression of the histidase coded by hutk of klebsiella aerogenes in salmonella typhimurium and in escherichia coli and of the expression of the histidase coded by huts of s. typhimurium in e. coli was investigated. the hutk histidase was found to be sensitive to catabolite repression in k. aerogenes and in e. coli, but insensitive to catabolite repression in s. typhimurium; huts histidase has previously been shown to be catabolite sensitive in all three organisms. the expressi ...	1976	6426
comparative in vitro activity of cephalosporins.	the in vitro activity of cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephapirin, cefoxitin, cephamycin c, cepharadine and cefazolin was determined against 443 isolates of bacteria. at a concentration of 12.5 mug/ml, all of the cephalosporins inhibited more than 60% of the isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. at the same concentration, cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, cephapirin, cephamycin c and cefazolin inhibited more than 90% of isolates of proteus mirabilis. all of the cephalosporins except ...	1976	6411
bacterial meningitis in infancy and childhood in lusaka (one year prospective sturdy).	in approximately 10,000 admissions in a 12 months period, at university teaching hospital, lusaka 85 cases of meningitis were recorded. the signs and symptoms in these patients do not greatly differ from other similar studies in africa. the commonest organism isolated was pneumococcus. there was high mortality rate which was to a large extent due to parents not bringing their children to hospital early enough for medical treatment to be instituted. this is borne out by the fact that 50% of the c ...	1975	5834
gentamicin-susceptibility of various pathogens isolated from clinical materials.	we studied on the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against various pathogens isolated from clinical materials mainly isolated during 1974 and 1975, comparing with other antibiotics. beta hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci are less susceptible to gentamicin than staphylococci. staph, aureus and staph. epidermidis resistant to various antibiotics are very susceptible to gentamicin, and no resistant strain to this drug was found. haemophilus influenzae, h. parainfluenzae and h. ...	1976	5619
studies on vitamin b12 production by strains of klebsiella pneumoniae and bacillus pasteurii.		1976	5392
partial purification and properties of enterobacter cloacae heat-stable enterotoxin.	cell free preparations of the whole-cell lysate and ultrafiltration (uf) fractions of broth cultures of a strain of enterobacter cloacae, isolated from a puerto rican with tropical sprue, were assayed for their ability to induce in vivo net water secretion in the rat jejunum. the whole-cell lysate and um-10 retentate of broth cultures were inactive. the um-2 retentate and filtrate were active at a concentration of 100 mug/ml or more; the toxigenic activity was entirely retained, and increased to ...	1976	5376
viral pneumonias.		1976	4922
bacteriological studies on cefatrizine (s-640 p) (author's transl).		1976	4635
l-asparaginase of klebsiella aerogenes. activation of its synthesis by glutamine synthetase.	an l-asparaginase has been purified some 250-fold from extracts of klebsiella aerogenes to near homogeneity. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 141,000 as measured by gel filtration and appears to consist of four subunits of molecular weight 37,000. the enzyme has high affinity for l-asparagine, with a km below 10(-5) m, and hydrolyzes glutamine at a 20-fold lower rate, with a km of 10(-3) m. interestingly, the enzyme exhibits marked gamma-glutamyltransferase activity but comparatively little ...	1976	4459
cephacetrile, a new cephalosporin: in vitro, pharmacological and clinical evaluation.	cephacetrile, a parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity, clinical pharmacology and effectiveness in the treatment of severe infections. the antibacterial activity against 187 isolates was determined by an agar-dilution technique. the mics were 0.06 to 0.5 mug/ml for group a streptococcus, d. pneumoniae, and staph. aureus, 4-6 mug/ml for e. coli and klebsiella-enterobacter 8-32 mug/ml for pr. mirabilis and more than 500 mug/ml for ps. aeruginosa. a few strains ...	1975	4377
purification and properties of klebsiella pneumoniae heat-stable enterotoxin.	the enterotoxic material in cell-free growth preparations of klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 5 was purified by sequential ultrafiltration and gel filtration (gf) procedures and the fractions were assayed for enterotoxic activity by determining their ability to induce in vivo net water secretion in the rat jejunum. whole-cell lysates were inactive. anaerobic broth culture conditions yielded a 10-fold increase in toxin production over aerobic conditions. enterotoxic activity was absent in the um-10 ...	1976	4375
the role of some microorganisms in the pathogenesis of non-specific bronchopulmonary infections.		1976	3770
transduction of chromosomal genes between enteric bacteria by bacteriophage p1.	we have used p1 transduction to create intergeneric hybrid strains of enteric bacteria by moving the gena and hut genes between klebsiella aerogenes, escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. the use of e. coli as the recipient in such transductions permits the construction of episomes and specialized transducing phage containing non-e. coli material. the effect of host restriction modification and deoxyribonucleic acid homology on the frequency of intergeneric transduction of these loci has ...	1976	3494
immunochemical relationships between bacteria belonging to two separate families: pneumococci and klebsiella.		1976	3470
carbohydrate containing media for the detection of urease in "klebsiella".	sone strains of klebsiella pneumoniae and k. oxytoca grown on nutrient agar may appear "urease negative" in a ferguson type reagent medium after a 24 h incubation at 37 degrees c. amongst such 147 so called urease negative strains, urease has been detected within a few hours in 79 strains, when bacteria have grown on media containing carbohydrates (kligler iron agar, drigalski lactose agar, ss agar and worfel-ferguson sucrose medium). acid production by carbohydrate fermentation increases urease ...	1975	3130
pigment biosynthesis by klebsiella depending on the medium composition and culturing conditions.		1975	2847
factors affecting the assay of gentamicin by the plate diffusion method.	standard curves were prepared by plotting log gentamicin concentration against zone diameter using a conventional plate diffusion method. results were obtained at varying concentrations of sodium chloride and at different phs. under optimum conditions the range in zone diameters was markedly increased, thus considerably improving the potential accuracy of the plate assay method.	1976	2623
bacterial and fungal growth in total parenteral nutrition solutions,.	the most serious complication of prolonged intravenous infusion of hypertonic dextrose and amino acids is infection. frequently, the etiology is fungal rather than bacterial. previous authors have suggested that bacterial survival and growth in the solutions is suppressed by (a) high dextrose concentration, (b) high osmolality, or (c) low ph. this paper presents evidence that proposals (a) and (b) are untenable and (c) is only partly responsible. we call attention to the presence of a factor tha ...	1975	2102
microbiological study of gentamiycin.	gentamycin prepared at the all-union research institute of antibiotics did not differ by its antibacterial spectrum and the activity level from gentamycin samples from other countries. by its activity against clinical strains of ps. aeruginosa gentamycin was somewhat inferior than polymyxin but much more superior than carbenicillin. an agar-diffusion method using bac. pumilus ntcc 8241 as the test microbe was developed for determination of gentamycin activity. the gentamycin sulfate complex and ...	1975	2095
regulation of synthesis of glutamine synthetase by adenylylated glutamine synthetase.	we have examined three mutants of klebsiella aerogenes whose genetic lesions (glnb, glnd, and glne) are in loci unlinked to the structural gene for glutamine sythetase (glna) and in which the control of both the level and state of adenylylation of glutamine synthetase is altered. each mutation alters a different component of the adenylylation system of glutamine synthetase l-glutamate:ammonia ligase (adp-forming), ec 6.3.1.2. inability of the cell to deadenylylate glutamine synthetase (glnb and ...	1975	1744
inhibition of the adenylylation of glutamine synthetase by methionine sulfone during nitrogenase derepression.		1975	1024
comparative study of virological infections in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children.	the author shows complex analyses: clinical, laboratory, x-rays, bronchoscopical, bronchographical and measuring lung function tests as well as the serological examinations in blood serum of both groups of asthmatic and nonasthmatic children with virological infection. the calculation of statistically significant differences between the various diagnostical results of both groups has confirmed that in asthmatic children virological infection of the respiratory tract, pathological findings in x-r ...	1975	884
nonenzymatic reactivation of des-acetyl citrate lyase by acetyl adenylate. first example of enzyme activation by chemotrophic modification.	the experimental conditions of nonenzymatic reactivation of des-acetyl citrate lyase from k. aerogenes were studied. it was found that at ph 8.5 0.2 mm acetyl amp causes a fast reactivation of the enzyme. the ph dependence of activity and the km for citrate are very similar for both native and reactivated enzyme.	1975	698
regulation of the hut operons of salmonella typhimurium and klebsiella aerogenes by the heterologous hut repressors.	in merodiploid strains of klebsiella aerogenes with chromosomal hut genes of k. aerogenes and episomal hut genes of salmonella typhimurium, the repressor of either species can regulate the hut operons of the other species. the repression exerted by the homologous repressor on the left-hand hut operon is, in both organisms, stronger than that exerted by the heterologous repressor.	1975	363
expression of the hut operons of salmonella typhimurium in klebsiella aerogenes and in escherichia coli.	the normal hut (histidine utilization) operons, as well as those with mutations affecting the regulation of their expression, of salmonella typhimurium were introduced on an f' episome into cells of s. typhimurium and klebsiella aerogenes whose chromosomal hut genes had been deleted and into cells of escherichia coli, whose chromosome does not carry hut genes. the episomal hut operons respond in a manner very similar to induction and catabolite repression in all three organisms. the small differ ...	1975	362
inactivation of citrate lyase from rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa by a specific deacetylase and inhibition of this inactivation by l-(+1-glutamate.	a previously unrecognized enzyme, citrate lyase deacetylase, has been purified about 140-fold from cell extracts of rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa. it catalyzed the conversion of enzymatically active acetyl-s-citrate lyase into the inactive hs-form and acetate. the enzyme exhibited an optimal rate of inactivation at ph 8.1. because of the instability of acetyl-s-citrate lyase at acidic and alkaline ph values, all assays were carried out at ph 7.2, where the spontaneous hydrolysis of the acetyl-s-ci ...	1975	356
regulation of nitrogen fixation. nitrogenase-derepressed mutants of klebsiella pneumoniae.	1. a new procedure is described for selecting nitrogenase-derepressed mutants based on the method of brenchley et al. (brenchley, j.e., prival, m.j. and magasanik, b. (1973) j. biol. chem. 248, 6122-6128) for isolating histidase-constitutive mutants of a non-n2-fixing bacterium. 2. nitrogenase levels of the new mutants in the presence of nh4+ were as high as 100% of the nitrogenase activity detected in the absence of nh4+. 3. biochemical characterization of these nitrogen fixation (nif) derepres ...	1975	59