Publications

[determination of the capsular antigen of klebsiella rhinoscleromatis by the methods of precipitation in agar and counterimmunoelectrophoresis].		1977	72860
[detection among "e. aerogenes" strains of capsular antigens related to those of "klebsiella". interest of growth in metahydroxybenzoate to differenciate "e. aerogenes" and "k. pneumoniae" (author's transl)].	forty-three strains of e. aerogenes isolated chiefly in morocco and france have been studied. thirty-five strains (81%) are surrounded with a thin capsule, antigenically related to klebsiella capsular antigens: k4 (2 strains), k4, 59 (1 strain), k11 (2 strains), k26 (7 strains), k42 (5 strains), k59 (3 strains), k68 (14 strains). one strain is capsulated but not typable with klebsiella capsular antisera. e. aerogenes and klebsiella capsular antigens are not identical but share common fractions y ...	1977	72514
immunological study of the regulation of cellular arylsulfatase synthesis in klebsiella aerogenes.	regulation of cellular arylsulfatase synthesis in klebsiella aerogenes was analyzed by immunological techniques. antibody directed against the purified arylsulfatase from k. aerogenes w70 was obtained from rabbits and characterized by immunoelectrophoresis, double-diffusion, quantitative precipitation, and enzyme neutralization tests. arylsulfatase was located in the periplasmic space when the wild-type strain was cultured with methionine or with inorganic sulfate plus tyramine, but not with ino ...	1977	72063
trimethoprim-resistant coliforms.		1977	71593
[experimental sensitizing activity of neisseria perflava].	in experiments conducted on guinea pigs the sensitizing activity of neisseria perflava isolated from the mucous membranes of the bronchi of patients with infectious asthma was studied. a possibility of reproducing active skin anaphylaxis after ovary and of the contraction-test of the tracheal-chain by the neisseria antigens was shown. neisseria perflava was found to possess a greater sensitizing activity than staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella pneumoniae inhabiting the bronchi of patients with ...	1977	71172
gentamicin-resistant klebsiella aerogenes in a urological ward.	a gentamicin-resistant strain of klebsiella aerogenes was isolated from the urine of 17 patients out of 237 admitted to a male urological ward between jan. 21 and may 9, 1977. the factors most frequently associated with k. aerogenes in the urine were catheterisation and antibiotic therapy. often the epidemic strain (type k16) was found not only in the patients' faeces but also on more remote skin sites such as hands, knees, groins, and the umbilicus. resistance to gentamicin and many other antib ...	1977	70654
a polyvalent human gamma-globulin immune to pseudomonas aeruginosa: passive protection of mice against lethal infection.	as a means to development of guidelines for therapeutic application to human disease, preparations of human polyvalent gamma-globulin immune to pseudomonas aeruginosa (pg) were studied in acute infections in mice. pg was highly effective in controlling lethal infections induced in mice by the major immunotypes of p. aeruginosa; greater than or equal to 10 microgram of of gamma-globulin per mouse protected against challenge with less than or equal to 10(6) 50% lethal doses of p. aeruginosa. pg wa ...	1977	70492
[effectiveness of intranasal immunization with myxovirus influenzae neuraminidase in mice].	an intranasal immunization with a a/pr8/34-isolated na, protected mice as well as the whole virus and a/hong kong/1/68 virus against a subsequent infection with mice-adaptated a/pr8/34 strain.	1977	69501
klebsiella meningitis treated with intrathecal amikacin.		1977	69095
necrotising enterocolitis.		1977	67508
causative organisms in rhinoscleroma.		1977	66450
pathogenesis of respiratory klebsiella pneumoniae infection in rats: bacteriological and histological findings and metabolic alterations.	gram-negative bacterial pneumonias have been increasingly important as nosocomial infections. the following model was developed to study the pathogenesis and evaluate therapy of such infections. intranasal instillation of rats with a suspension of 5 x 10(6) klebsiella pneumoniae caused bronchopneumonia with 24 h. bacteria were isolated from the lungs in large numbers (greater than 10(5) colony-forming units [cfu] for at least 13 days after inoculation. thereafter, the viable concentration decrea ...	1977	66201
rational choice of penicillins and cephalosporins based on parallel in-vitro and in-vivo tests.	because of the unavailability of strictly comparable data, seven representative penicillins and the five cephalosporins currently used in britain were evaluated in parallel, both in vitro and in vivo. penicillin sensitive and resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus and proteus mirabilis were the main test organisms. minimum bacteriocidal concentrations of cloxacillin, flucloxacillin, cephalothin, and cephazolin in serum were much higher than conventional minimum inhibitory concentrations in t ...	1976	61353
[medium with inositol for isolation of klebsiella].		1976	61323
cellular aspects of non-specific stimulation of antibody production by capsular polysaccharide of klebsiella pneumoniae.		1976	57096
diminished effect of gentamicin under anaerobic or hypercapnic conditions.	the in-vitro activity of gentamicin, judged by m.i.c. determinations, was much reduced when a normal aerobic atmosphere was replaced either by air +4% co2 or by anaerobic conditions. the phenomenon was greatest for staphylococcus aureus, where a decrease in activity of up to 20-fold was found. for escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, enterobacter spp., and proteus spp. the factor of decrease was between 15-fold and 2-5-fold. changes in medium ph, as a result of bacterial growth, can explain t ...	1976	55718
effects of igm and igg antibody in patients with bacteremia due to gram-negative bacilli.	earlier studies, which indicated that high titers of o-specific antibody to the patient's infecting organism in acute-phase serum specimens were not associated with a decrease in the frequency of subsequent shock and death in bacteremia due to gram-negative bacilli, were reexamined for evaluation of the protective activity of specific igg and igm antibody. titers of hemagglutination antibody and levels of igm, determined by indirect immunofluorescent staining of the patient's infecting organism, ...	1976	54397
practice laboratory bacteriology.		1975	53936
[bacteriological studies of butirosin sulfate, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic (author's transl)].		1975	51941
immunological study of anthranilate synthetase.	an immunological study of anthranilate synthetase (asase) has been initiated using quantitative precipitation, enzyme neutralization, and immunodiffusion methods. cross-reactivity of anthranilate synthetase-anthranilate-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (asase-prtase) from escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, and salmonella typhimurium and asase from serratia marcescens and pseudomonas putida was detected with antibodies to ?e. coli trypsin-treated asase. cross-reactivit ...	1975	50316
[characteristics of the interaction of klebsiella rhinoscleromatis dna with the sera from patient with systemic lupus erythematos].	in blood sera of patients with systemic red lupus there were observed antibodies, which interacted in reaction of indirect hemagglutination and in complement fixation test with dna of scleromic bacteria and did not react with the other structures of bacterial cell: with buaven antigen, detergent and capsular polysaccharides. reaction of indirect hemagglutination of scleromic dna with the sera was inhibited by dna preparations of animal origin. the serological activity of dna from scleromic bacte ...	1975	47210
fine structure and distribution of extracellular polymer surrounding selected aerobic bacteria.	the structure and distribution of extracellular polymer surrounding bacillus circulans, diplococcus (streptococcus) pneumoniae, streptococcus salivarius, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, herella vaginacola (acinetobacter calcoaceticus), and agrobacterium tumefaciens were studied by electron microscopy. a modified ruthenium red staining procedure was used to examine the fine structure of capsule and slime. freeze-etching and critical-point drying were used to ...	1975	46774
controlled trial of therapy in covert bacteriuria of childhood.	sixty-three girls with covert bacteriuria were included in a controlled trial of therapy. recurrent infection in the treated group was common and was not significantly different from the rate of persistent infection in the untreated control group. two children in each group developed clinical pyelonephritis; the others have remained healthy and all of them have a normal rate of growth. 2 years after diagnosis three of the thirty-four children in the control group and one of twenty-six children i ...	1975	46511
[microbiological characteristics of pneumonia in acute leukosis].		1975	45963
emergence of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, 1935-1975.	a limited review of the changes in susceptibility of common bacterial pathogens to available antibacterial agents is presented. significant developments in recent years include the following: (1) the emergence of streptococcus pneumoniae with decreased resistance to penicillin and of some strains resistant to several antibiotics; (2) a decline in prevalence of multi-drug-resistant staphylococcus aureus after 1960 following their increasing prevalence in the preceding years (these changes were me ...	1979	45521
[in vitro activity of cefaclor (author's transl)].	a comparative study was conducted on the in vitro activity of cefaclor and other oral cephalosporins against a large number of freshly isolated clinical strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. the activity of cefaclor against gram-positive pathogens is very similar to that of cephalexin. the action of cefaclor against streptococcus pneumoniae is superior. cefaclor is the most active antibiotic against strains of haemophilus influenzae, and is also more active than cephalexin and cep ...	1979	45087
incompatibility of r plasmids from clinical material.	thirteen r plasmids derived from strains of e enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical material have been characterized. they belonged to many incompatibility groups and differ widely respecting other phenotypic characteristics, even if they come from bacteria isolated from a small geographic area.	1979	44944
antigenic variation in klebsiella.	the serological reactions of klebsiella strains repeatedly isolated from four patients were examined. variations in capsular antigens of strains from the same patient were mainly restricted to slight changes in the titre of quellung reactions and occasionally differences in cross-reactions were noted. in one case a strain reacted more strongly with a heterologous antiserum than with homologous antiserum after it had been resident in the bowel of a patient for five weeks. no significant antigenic ...	1979	44943
[the distribution of minimal inhibitory concentrations of recently introduced cephalosporins in multiresistant strains of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis and klebsiella spec. as revealed by zone sizes of a standardized agar diffusion test (author's transl)].	strains of a species were divided into two groups according to the number of resistances (less than or equal to 4, greater than or equal to 5) using 10 standard chemotherapeutics regularly examined, the new cephalosporins not being among them. these groups of less than or equal to 4- and greater than or equal to 5-fold resistant strains were compared for each cephalosporin tested (fig. 1). the most different distributions of zone diameters (of both groups) were seen in cephalothin, whereas in ce ...	1979	44786
[comparison of four recently introduced cephalosporins with respect to probability of resistance in multiresistant strains of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis and klebsiella spec. (author's transl)].	strains with the same number of resistances were arranged in so-called resistance classes. nine classes of resistance (0 to greater to or equal to 8) were formed by means of ten standard chemotherapeutics; the four new cephalosporins were excluded. for every resistance class frequency of cephalosporinresistance was described as coefficient ranging from 0 to 1 (fig. 1). in cephalothin the coefficients were markedly rising only in 6 (7)-fold resistant strains of the species examined. similar but s ...	1979	44785
[acute hemorrhagic syndrome due to acquired deficiency of factors ii, vii and x. (considerations on a case)].		1979	44762
evolution of enzyme structure.	three-dimensional structures of enzymes offer evidence about their evolution. there are clear examples of divergent families (e.g. mammalian serine proteases) and convergence (e.g. chymotrypsin and subtilisin). topological similarities in dehydrogenases may reflect an ancient divergence or merely chemical constraints on protein architectures. further experimental evidence is desirable to back up arguments based on molecular morphology. by growing microorganisms on novel foodstuffs in a chemostat ...	1979	42054
[a clinical observation of cefuroxime in pediatric field (author's transl)].	cefuroxime, a new synthetic cephalosporin, was administered to 10 pediatric patients (6 with respiratory tract infection, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with sepsis of e. coli and 1 with enterocolitis). the clinical result was good and excellent in all the 10 cases. no side effect was observed in any of them.	1979	41955
resistance of gram-negative bacteria to antibiotics in large calf agglomerations.	the antibiotic resistance of e. coli, citrobacter, enterobacter-klebsiella and pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from calves was tested. a high proportion of multiresistance was found even in e. coli strains isolated from newborn calves. gram-negative bacteria isolated from animals in three large calfhouses were almost 100% resistant to ampicillin, tetracyclines and sulphonamides. multiresistance was general and varied from 5 to 12 antibiotics among different strains. initial high sensitiv ...	1979	41425
interferon and cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) released in the blood of mice infected with mycobacterium bovis bcg. i. enhanced production of interferon and appearance of cytotoxin stimulated by capsular polysaccharide of klebsiella pneumoniae or bacterial lipopolysaccharide.	interferon production stimulated by the active substance (neutral fraction) of the capsular polysaccharide of klebsiella pneumoniae (neutral cps-k) in bcg-infected mice was compared with that by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). prior infection with bcg increased the responsiveness of mice to the lethal effect of neutral cps-k as well as to that of lps. associated with this, bcg-infected mice showed a markedly enhanced ability to produce interferon after stimulation not only by lps but also by ...	1979	41163
glutamine synthetase mutations which affect expression of nitrogen fixation genes in klebsiella pneumoniae.	previous studies have implicated glutamine synthetase (l-glutamate:ammonia ligase [adenosine diphosphate for-ing], ec 6.6.1.2) as a major controlling element of the nitrogen fixation (nif) genes in klebsiella pneumoniae. we report here the isolation of a new class of k. pneumoniae mutants which exhibit altered patterns of nif and hut (histidine utlization) regulation. the expression of nif in these mutants, which were isolated as gln+ (glutamine nonrequiring) revertants of a particular glna muta ...	1979	40960
the interaction between microorganisms and their growth environment [proceedings].		1979	40531
polymicrobial bacteremia.	of 26,961 blood cultures taken during an 18-month period at the cincinnati general hospital, 1,715 (6%) were positive. ninety-four patients had blood cultures containing more than one organism. although aerobic and anaerobic streptococci were the most frequently isolated bacteria, a variety of microorganisms, including staphylococcus aureus and the klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia group, was isolated in different combinations depending on the underlying disease. neurological illness, malignant n ...	1979	40048
evidence for pili-mediated adherence of klebsiella pneumoniae to rat bladder epithelial cells in vitro.	the possible role of pili in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections caused by klebsiella pneumoniae was studied in an in vitro mixture of a phosphate-buffered saline suspension of rat bladder epithelial cells and phosphate-buffered saline-washed k. pneumoniae. nonpiliated and piliated populations derived from a single k. pneumoniae strain were obtained by controlling the total time of growth in broth medium. the piliated phase demonstrated a significant increase in adherence when compared ...	1979	39895
microbiological activity of cefazedone as compared to cefazolin and cephalothin.	in a comparison of the antibacterial activity of (6r,7r)-7-(2-[3,5-dichloro-4-oxo-1(4h)-pyridyl]-acetamido)-3-([5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thio]methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (cefazedone, refosporen) as compared to other cephalosporins it can be seen that cefazedone possesses good activity against gram-positive bacteria; as regards activity against enterobacteriaceae, in particular strains of e. coli, klebsiella species and proteus mirabilis, they fall w ...	1979	39575
the role of bacterial interference in the increased prevalence of oropharyngeal gram-negative bacilli among alcoholics and diabetics.	the oral flora of alcoholics, diabetics, and normal control subjects were compared using an agar overlay technique to determine whether the increased prevalence of oropharyngeal gram-negative bacilli among alcoholics and diabetics exists because patients with these diseases have decreased numbers of normal inhibitory bacteria in the oropharynx. alcoholics generally had slightly lower concentrations of inhibitory bacteria than control subjects, and diabetics had somewhat higher concentrations tha ...	1979	39482
distinctive properties of glutamine synthetase from the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans.	the intracellular levels of glutamine synthetase (gs) in anacystis nidulans grown under different conditions were determined using a whole-cell assay. nitrate-grown cells have 64% more gs than cells grown in ammonium sulfate. nitrogen starvation does not affect gs levels appreciably. incubation of nitrate-grown cells with ammonium sulfate does not change the ratio of gamma-glutamyl transferase activities stimulated by mg2+ and mn2+ ions. an in vitro test of adenylylation indicates that algae do ...	1979	38892
detection of experimental bacteremia and fungemia by examination of buffy coat prepared by a micromethod.	rabbits received intravenous injections of bacteria or fungi, and a comparison was made of the abilities of broth cultures, plating after dilution either in saline solution or in distilled water containing triton x-100, and buffy coat examinations to detect the organisms in heart blood. the most sensitive method was broth culture. by microscopy or subculture of buffy coat cells prepared by centrifugation of blood in microhematocrit tubes, organisms were rapidly and regularly detected when their ...	1979	38662
ps-5, a new beta-lactam antibiotic. ii. antimicrobial activity.	ps-5, a new beta-lactam antibiotic, has relatively potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, especially the enterobacter groups, serratia marcescens, the proteus groups and klebsiella pneumoniae. the activity of ps-5 against many beta-lactamase-producing organisms is greater than that of cefoxitin or cefazolin. ps-5 has good therapeutic activity in mice infected with staphylococcus aureus smith or enterobacter cloacae 45.	1979	38238
intradermal responses to common bacterial antigens: influences of sex and clinical condition.	intradermal responses to antigens of 12 common bacteria were evaluated in 218 dermatologic and 155 respiratory patients. women responded more frequently than men and respiratory patients responded significantly more frequently than dermatologic patients to certain antigens. interpretation of interspecies associations of responses suggested that certain organisms may be key species in the development of bacterial hypersensitivity.	1979	37788
cefuroxime: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacological properties and therapeutic use.	cefuroxime is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin for parenteral administration. it is resistant to destruction by beta-lactamases produced by staphylococci and most gram-negative aerobic bacteria and is active against many bacteria resistant to cephalothin. cefuroxime is the most active of the cephalosporins against gonococci and haemophilus influenzae particularly against beta-lactamase producing strains. given by intramuscular or intravenous injection cefuroxime is effective against a wide vari ...	1979	37064
relation between the adenylylation state of glutamine synthetase and the expression of other genes involved in nitrogen metabolism.	we have partially characterized the biochemical parameters of glutamine synthetase from klebsiella pneumoniae and have shown that the differential affinity of adenylylated and unadenylylated glutamine synthetase for adenosine diphosphate provides a convenient means of determining the adenylylation state. using this assay procedure, we examined the relationship between the adenylylation state and the expression of other genes involved in nitrogen assimilation. we observed no correlation between t ...	1979	35515
enzymes of agmatine degradation and the control of their synthesis in klebsiella aerogenes.	the degradation of agmatine to succinate by klebsiella aerogenes occurs in five steps. the enzyme catalyzing the first step, agmatinase, is induced by agmatine. the enzymes catalyzing the second and third steps, putrescine aminotransferase and 4-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, are induced by putrescine and also by their product, 4-aminobutyrate. the enzymes catalyzing the fourth and fifth steps, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, are induced by 4-aminobu ...	1979	35512
[modern data on the antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora that is an etiological factor in ent diseases. ii. the antibiotic sensitivity of pneumococci, meningococci, influenza bacilli, klebsiella, enterobacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus].		1979	34945
peptidoglycan synthesis in cocci and rods of a ph-dependent, morphologically conditional mutant of klebsiella pneumoniae.	mir m7 is a spontaneous morphologically conditional mutant of klebsiella pneumoniae which grows as round cells (cocci) at ph 7 and as normal rods at ph 5.8. we studied the rates of peptidoglycan synthesis of cocci and rods growing at ph values of 7 and 5.8, respectively. it was found that exponentially growing cocci produced a reduced amount of peptidoglycan per cell, compared with rods. moreover, a shift of cocci to the permissive ph (5.8) caused an increase in the rate of peptidoglycan synthes ...	1979	33960
glutamine synthetase regulation, adenylylation state, and strain specificity analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	we used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to examine the regulation and adenylylation states of glutamine synthetases (gss) from escherichia coli (gs(e)) and klebsiella aerogenes (gs(k)). in gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), we found that gs(k) had a mobility which differed significantly from that of gs(e). in addition, for both gs(k) and gs(e), adenylylated subunits (gs(k)-adenosine 5'-monophosphate [amp] and gs(e)-amp) had lesser mobilities in sds gels than did the corresponding n ...	1979	33958
studies on some metalloenzymes in aqueous/organic solvents at subzero temperatures [proceedings].		1978	33858
laboratory studies with bl-s 578 (cefadroxil) a new broad-spectrum orally active cephalosporin.	bl-s 578 (cefadroxil) is a new orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. the new compound was evaluated in vitro in comparison with cephalexin. some properties studies such as, antibacterial activity, binding with serum proteins and stability in acid and neutral solution at 37 degrees c for both cephalosporins were similar. in experimental infections of mice, the protective action of bl-s 578 was more effective than cephalexin against staphy ...	1979	33784
reactivity of the imino acids formed in the amino acid oxidase reaction.	the reactivity of the imino acids formed in the d- or l-amino acid oxidase reaction was studied. it was found that: (1) when imino acids reacted with the alpha-amino group of glycine or other amino acids, transimination yielded derivatives less stable to hydrolysis than the parent imino acids. in contrast, when imino acids reacted with the epsilon-amino group of lysine or other primary amines, transimination yielded derivatives more stable to hydrolysis than the parent imino acids. (2) imino aci ...	1979	33698
bacterial allergy in allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.	nineteen patients suffering from allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma were studied for bacterial allergy with staphylococcus aureus, kelbsiella pneumoniae and diplococcus pneumoniae. allergy skin tests, provocative tests and the migratory inhibition factor were employed. the correlation indicates to the authors that bacterial allergy is more important than bacterial "infection" as a cause of allergic rhinitis and asthma in many instances. this is often overlooked by practicing allergists.	1979	33586
[treatment of bronchitis with cefaclor (panoral) (author's transl)].	14 patients from the allergy unit of an outpatient clinic suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and 13 outpatients with acute bronchitis were treated with 250 mg cefaclor (panoral) 3 times daily per os for 5 days. 59% of the organisms isolated from cefaclor-sensitive sputum at the time of prominent clinical symptoms were resistent to tetracycline, 53% of them were resistant to penicillin, and 37% were resistant to ampicillin. 12 out of the 14 patients with acute exacerbation of ...	1979	33333
opportunist lung infections.		1979	33268
a d-serine dehydratase acting also on l-serine from klebsiella pneumoniae.	d-serine dehydratase [ec 4.2.1.14] was purified from a strain of klebsiella pneumoniae 140-fold from crude extract with a yield of 5%. this enzyme catalyzed formation of pyruvate and ammonia not only from d-serine but also from l-serine, and also catalyzed the formation of alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia from d-threonine. km values for d-serine, l-serine, and d-threonine were 2.8 mm, 20 mm, and 3.6 mm, respectively. km for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was 2.5 micron. the molecular weight was estimated ...	1978	32169
[bacterial allergy in asthmatic syndromes].		1976	31959
more on cross-reactions of pneumococci and klebsiella.	earlier studies are extended to the higher-numbered k-types of klebsiella, several of which may now be fitted into the previously found groups. additional correlations between chemical structure and serological specificity are given, not only among the higher k-types, but also for several which were previously uninterpretable because structures were not known at the time. k1, k5, k6, k7 and k56 are shown to form a related group, although the reasons for their cross-reactivities are not always th ...	1978	31760
cyclic pharyngeal lymphoiditis: immunological considerations.	this communication presents the concept that recurrent infections of the lingual tonsils, lateral pharyngeal lymphoid bands and lymphoid follicles on the posterior pharyngeal wall, occurring with the same periodicity, is a cyclic clinical and immunological entity. these patients lacked resistance to the normal flora of the nasopharynx and pharynx. they were accordingly treated with a mixed respiratory bacterial vaccine, administered intradermally and according to a formulated program, to improve ...	1978	31128
electron-paramagnetic-resonance studies on the redox properties of the molybdenum-iron protein of nitrogenase between +50 and -450 mv.	the midpoint potentials, em, for the oxidation of the characteristic e.p.r. signal with g values near 4.3, 3.7 and 2.01, of the nitrogenase mo-fe proteins from a number of bacteria were measured. they were 0mv for clostridium pasteurianum, -42mv for azotobacter chroococcum and azotobacter vinelandii, -95mv for bacillus polymyxa and -180mv for klebsiella pneumoniae mo-fe proteins at ph 7.9. the oxidations were thermodynamically reversible for the proteins from a. chroococcum, a. vinelandii and k. ...	1978	30448
bacteriologic flora of aspiration-induced pulmonary infections.	the role of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms in the genesis of pneumonia or lung abscess in patients with historical, clinical, and radiologic findings suggestive of aspiration was compared to their role in similar patients without these findings. bacterial specimens were obtained by transtracheal aspiration or thoracentesis. anaerobes were isolated in 100% of the patients who were aspiration-prone as contrasted with only 20% of those who were not. isolation of a single species or no growth ...	1975	28705
piperacillin: in vitro evaluation.	the in vitro activity of a new semisynthetic penicillin, piperacillin, was determined against 577 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. a concentration of 12.5 mug/ml inhibited 92% of isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, 82% of serratia marcescens, 73% of escherichia coli, 61% of klebsiella spp., and 42% of enterobacter spp. most proteus spp. were extremely susceptible; over 85% were inhibited by 0.10 mug/ml. piperacillin failed to inhibit the growth of gram-negative ...	1978	28694
homologous and cross-reactive precipitins in anti-pneumococcal sera raised in mules.	serial bleedings were obtained from two mules during prolonged immunization, one with type xxv the other with type viii pneumococcal vaccine. igga, iggb, iggc, igb, igg(t) and igm present among purified pn anti-xxv and pn anti-viii immunoglobulin isolated from various bleedings were identified by use of rabbit anti-equine heavy chain specific reagents. radioimmunodiffusion with 14c-labelled type xxv pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and horse and donkey reagents with species specificity direc ...	1978	28285
the effect of complement depletion on lung clearance of bacteria.	we have investigated the effect of hypocomplementemia on early pulmonary clearance of four species of bacteria. the experiments were performed in an inbred animal model to minimize immunologic variability. complement was depleted by cobra venom factor, and activity in serum was monitored with a phagocytic assay. bacterial specific antibodies were examined by an indirect radioimmunoassay, and animals with high levels of activity were excluded from anaysis. 4 h after aerosolization with streptococ ...	1978	27534
1-n hapa gentamicin b, a new aminoglycoside active against gentamicin resistant isolates--activity compared to other aminoglycosides.	1-n hapa gentamicin b is a new aminoglycoside active against most enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. among 504 clinical isolates at a concentration of 12.5 microgram/ml all staph. aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus rettgeri, providencia and 78% of pseudomonas, 86% of proteus morganii were inhibited. like other aminoglycosides, the activity was greatest at an alkaline ph and reduced by high cations concentrations. 1-n hapa gentamicin b w ...	1978	27494
immuno-stimulation by a ribosomal vaccine associated with a bacterial cell wall adjuvant in humans.	we have studied a new vaccine of ribosomal nature associated with glycoprotein cell walls from klebsiella pneumoniae which served as an immunoadjuvant. thus vaccine was administered by the aerosol route to working men free of any important disease, especially of respiratory disease. a total of 104 men working for the commissariat à l'energie atomique, all volunteers, were randomly placed into two groups. during the first period, 51 patients (group i) were vaccinated three times a week during 5 w ...	1978	27461
glutamine synthetase of klebsiella aerogenes: properties of glnd mutants lacking uridylyltransferase.	the glnd mutation of klebsiella aerogenes is cotransducible by phage p1 with pan (requirement for pantothenate) and leads to a loss of uridylytransferase and uridylyl-removing enzyme, components of the glutamine synthetase adenylylation system. this defect results in an inability to deadenylylate glutamine synthetase rapidly and in a requirement for glutamine for normal growth. suppression of the glnd mutation are located at the glutamine synthetase structural gene glna.	1978	26659
involvement of the product of the glnf gene in the autogenous regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in klebsiella aerogenes.	mutations in a site, glnf, linked by p1-mediated transduction of argg on the chromosome of klebsiella aerogenes, result in a requirement for glutamine. mutants in this gene have in all media a level of glutamine synthetase (gs) corresponding to the level found in the wild-type strain grown in the medium producing the strongest repression of gs. the adenylylation and deadenylylation of gs in glnf mutants is normal. the glutamine requirement of glnf mutants could be suppressed by mutations in the ...	1978	25264
the syndrome of post-splenectomy fulminant sepsis. case report and review of the literature.	three years after splenectomy, a middle-aged woman had two separate episodes of fulminant bacterial sepsis. she recovered each time with prompt and appropriate treatment. her immunologic system was examined and found to be normal with respect to antibody formation against diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, granulocyte killing of staphylococci and serum opsonizing activity. granulocytes, bursa-equivalent (b) and thymus-dependent (t) lymphocytes and serum immunoglobulins were quantitatively normal. sh ...	1977	25019
nitrogenase synthesis in klebsiella pneumoniae: comparison of ammonium and oxygen regulation.	rates of nitrogenase synthesis by klebsiella pneumoniae were measured by pulse-labelling organisms with a mixture of 14c-labelled amino acids followed by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. populations from an nh4+-repressed, so42--limited chemostat (0.46 mg dry wt ml-1), when released from nh4+ repression, simultaneously synthesized detectable quantities of the three nitrogenase polypeptides 45 min before acetylene-reducing activity was observed. exposure of populat ...	1978	24675
genetic analysis of the nitrogen fixation system in klebsiella pneumoniae.	fine structure mapping of nif mutations of klebsiella pneumoniae was accomplished by means of pl-transductional crosses and the plasmid r144 drd mediated conjugations. the physical distance between nif mutations based on the percentage of co-transduction with hisd of the nif mutations was estimated. the maximal distance between two mutations was calculated about 3 kb, and the average distance between different nif mutations was about 1 to 2 kb. so no "silent region" was shown within the nif clus ...	1977	24272
catabolic n2-acetylornithine 5-aminotransferase of klebsiella aerogenes: control of synthesis by induction, catabolite repression, and activation by glutamine synthetase.	klebsiella aerogenes formed two n2-acetylornithine 5-aminotransferases (acoat) which were separable by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography. one acoat was repressed when the cells grew on arginine-containing medium, indicating its function in arginine biosynthesis. the second acoat was induced when arginine or ornithine was present in the medium as the sole source of carbon or nitrogen, suggesting its function in the catabolism of these compounds. the induced enzyme was purified almost to ...	1978	24039
effect of ph upon the activity of cefoxitin.		1977	23373
energetics of biological nitrogen fixation: determination of the ratio of formation of h2 to nh4+ catalysed by nitrogenase of klebsiella pneumoniae in vivo.	nitrogen fixation (nif)-derepressed mutants of klebsiella pneumoniae consumed, under optimum conditions, 7.5 to 8.5 mol glucose per mol n2 fixed. the nitrogenase system of these mutants catalysed the production of about 1.3 mol h2 per mol n2 reduced. almost one-third of the energy as atp and reductant used by nitrogenase in vivo may be lost in h2 production, since an atp/2e ratio of approximately 4 was obtained. nitrogenase-catalysed h2 production was not substantially suppressed by increasing t ...	1977	22579
cloning nitrogen fixing genes from klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and the isolation of nif promoter mutants affecting glutamine synthetase regulation.		1977	21649
determinants of lung bacterial clearance in mice after acute hypoxia.	net lung bacterial clearance in normal mice is determined by the balance of in vivo bacterial multiplication on the one hand, and the defense mechanisms of mucociliary clearance and phagocytosis and killing by the oxygen-dependent alveolar macrophage on the other. the bactericidal function of the macrophage is the major component of the defense mechanism. the effect of acute hypoxia on the defense mechanism was studied in mice exposed to aerosols of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebs ...	1977	21603
autogenous regulation of the synthesis of glutamine synthetase in klebsiella aerogenes.	we isolated an f' episome of escherichia coli carrying the glna+ gene from k. aerogenes and an f' episome of e. coli carrying the glna4 allele from k. aerogenes responsible for the constitutive synthesis of glutamine synthetase. complementation tests with these episomes showed that the glna4 mutation (leading to the constitutive synthesis of active glutamine synthetase) was in the gene identified by mutations glna20, glna51, and glna5 as the structural gene for glutamine synthetase. by using the ...	1977	21158
regulatory mutations in the klebsiella aerogenes structural gene for glutamine synthetase.	glutamine synthetase could be repressed several hundredfold rather than 6- to 10-fold as previously reported. ammonia was not the primary repression signal for glutamine synthetase. repression appeared to be mediated by a high level of glutamine and probably by a high ratio of glutamine to alpha-ketoglutarate. mutations in glna (the structural gene for glutamine synthetase) were seen to fall into three phenotypic groups: glutamine auxotrophs that produced no detectable glna product; glutamine au ...	1977	21157
interaction of the complex between cloacin and its immunity protein and of cloacin with the outer and cytoplasmic membranes of sensitive cells.		1977	21081
general principles of antimicrobial therapy.	in the initial therapy of life-threatening infections in which a bacterial cause is suspected, the emphasis should be on broad antibiotic coverage in contrast to definitive therapy, which is dependent on microbial isolation and, when indicated, in vitro susceptibility tests. in severe infections, antimicrobial agents should be given parenterally, at least initially. the need for optimal dosage is emphasized. this is particularly important when aminoglycosides are administered, for there is a ten ...	1977	20538
demonstration of cryoprecipitable immune complexes in pneumococcal pneumonia.	cold-insoluble protein complexes (cryoprecipitates) can be found in the serum in a variety of infectious diseases. we studied serum cryoprecipitates isolated from three patients with pneumococcal pneumonia by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cep) and immunofluorescent technics for the presence of immune complexes. the cryoprecipitates and supernatant serum were tested for pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (pcp) by cep at 37 c and 56 c with the appropriate controls. antibodies against pcp in the ...	1977	19847
cross-protective immunity to gram-negative bacilli: studies with core glycolipid of salmonella minnesota and antigens of streptococcus pneumoniae.	two immunoprophylactic approaches to the control of infections caused by gramnegative bacilli were evaluated by study of experimental infections in animals. the core glycolipid antigen derived from the re mutant of salmonella minnesota r595 is shared by virtually all enteric bacteria, and immunization with this endotoxin protects against the hemodynamic sequelae of bacterial infection and pyrexia without enhancing intravascular clearance of bacteria. the degree of protection afforded by active a ...	1977	19538
characterization of salmonella typhimurium mutants with altered glutamine synthetase activity.	a number of glutamine auxotrophs of salmonella typhimurium were isolated and characterized genetically. three of the mutations appear to be closely linked and are complemented by episomes carrying the glna region of escherichia coli. the lesions in these strains are approximately 20% linked by p1 transduction with a mutation in the rha gene, but are unlinked to ilv. another mutation causing glutamine auxotrophy in strain jb674 is genetically distinct from the others. strain jb674 grown in glucos ...	1977	19344
antimicrobial activity of human ascitic fluid.		1977	19339
the ability of enteric bacteria to catalyze the covalent binding of bile acids and cholesterol to dna and their in ability to metabolize benzo(a)pyrene to a binding product and to known metabolites.	the capacity of enteric bacteria (e. coli, salmonella, pseudomonas, shigella and klebsiella) to catalyze the covalent binding of benzo(a)pyrene (bp), cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and cholesterol was investigated. in general, these bacteria were incapable of activating bp to a covalently bound product with calf thymus dna. metabolism studies of bp by fluorometric assay failed to indicate any accumulation of bp-3-hydroxy in the incubation medium. detailed metabolic investigation with high-pressur ...	1977	19150
1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase form klebsiella pneumoniae covalently couple on porous glass.	a simplified procedure for the preparation of 1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase from klebsiella pneumoniae is described. an 80-fold purification is achieved in two steps with an overall yield of about 50%. the specific activity of the homogeneous enzyme protein is 17.7 units/mg. compared with glycogen phosphorylase from rabbit muscle the enzyme from k. pneumoniae shows a markedly higher stability against deforming and chaotropic agents. the 1,4-alpha-glucan phosphorylase was covalently bound to por ...	1977	19112
urease of klebsiella aerogenes: control of its synthesis by glutamine synthetase.	urease was purified 24-fold from extracts of klebsiella aerogenes. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 230,000 as determined by gel filtration, is highly substrate specific, and has a km for urea of 0.7 mm. a mutant strain lacking urease was isolated; it failed to grow with urea as the sole source of nitrogen but did grow on media containing other nitrogen sources such as ammonia, histidine, or arginine. urease was present at a high level when the cells were starved for nitrogen; its synthesis ...	1977	18438
significance of fecal coliform-positive klebsiella.	a total of 191 klebsiella pneumoniae isolates of human clinical, bovine mastitis, and a wide variety of environmental sources were tested for fecal coliform (fc) response with the membrane filtration and most probable number techniques. twenty-seven escherichia coli cultures of human clinical and environmental origins were also tested. eighty-five percent (49/58) of known pathogenic k. pneumoniae were fc positive, compared with 16% (19/120) of the environmental strains. e. coli results indicated ...	1977	18086
azlocillin: in vitro studies of a new semisynthetic penicillin.	the activity of azlocillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was determined against 582 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. over 75% of the isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited at a concentration of 12.5 mug or less per ml. azlocillin is also active against indole-negative and -positive proteus spp., inhibiting 98 and 71%, respectively, at a concentration of 12.5 mug or less per ml. isolates of klebsiella spp. and enterobacter spp. showed less suscepti ...	1977	18083
a microcalorimetric study of the growth of klebsiella aerogenes in simple salts/glucose media.	heat output-time records or 'thermograms' produced during the aerobic growth of klebsiella aerogenes in simple salts/glucose media with growth limiting glucose concentrations of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 g dm-3 were obtained using a flow-microcalorimeter fitted with an aerobic cell. these traces are interpreted in terms of the recorded oxygen tension, ph, glucose concentration and bacterial population of the culture. heat output is greatest during the phase of exponential growth, indicating that here the ...	1976	17049
nosocomial bacteremia. potential for prevention of procedure-related cases.	during a six-month period, 187 inpatients had bacteremia associated with community-acquired infection and 91 patients had bacteremia from a nosocomial infection. the most frequently identified sites of infection in both types of bacteremia were the respiratory and urinary tracts. escherichia coli and diplococcus pneumoniae were the organisms most frequently isolated from cultures of patients with community-acquired bacteremia, and e coli, staphylococcus aureus, and klebsiella were most frequentl ...	1977	17018
regulation of enzyme synthesis by the glutamine synthetase of salmonella typhimurium: a factor in addition to glutamine synthetase is required for activation of enzyme formation.	in klebsiella aerogenes but not in salmonella typhimurium glutamine synthetase can function during nitrogen-limited growth to increase the rate of synthesis of histidase from the hut genes of s. typhimurium 15-59 (huts. 15-59). formation of proline oxidase is also not increased in nitrogen-limited cultures of s. typhimurium. however, in hybrid strains of escherichia coli or k. aerogenes, the glutamine synthetase of s. typhimurium activates synthesis of histidase from the huts. 15-59 genes. appar ...	1977	16868
devitalizing effect of jodonal a in vitro on bacteria subject to a short-term exposure.	in a three-minute exposure in vitro jodonal a devitalized a culture of serological group b streptococci in a 2% concentration, staphylococcus aureus in a 16% concentration, pneumococcus in a 4.5% concentration, corynebacterium pyogenes in a 2.5% concentration, pseudomonas aeruginosa in a 3% concentration, and klebsiella pneumoniae in a 2% concentration. hence jodonal a concentrations higher than 16% should be tested for udder teat disinfection after the removal of teat cups.	1976	16378
determination of the effective concentration of jodonal a for the disinfection of the skin and teats after milking.	the bactericidal effectivity of jodonal a in 1:10, 1:5, and 1:3 solutions was tested on human skin and on the teats of cow mammary glands. the 1:3 dilution ratio proved best for three-minute exposure. jodonal a used in this concentration in 522 cows for the post-milking disinfection of teats for 10 months exerted no harmful effect on the skin of the mammary glands.	1976	16377
lack of a regulatory function for glutamine synthetase protein in the synthesis of glutamate dehydrogenase and nitrite reductase in escherichia coli k12.	synthesis of glutamine synthetase (gs) in anaerobic batch cultures of escherichia coli was repressed when excess nh4+ was available, but derepressed during growth with a poor nitrogen source. in wild-type bacteria there was only a weak inverse correlation between the activities of gs and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) during growth in various media. no positive correlations were found between the activities of gs and nitrite reductase, or between gs and cytochrome c552: both of these proteins wer ...	1977	16079
cross reactions of higher type-specific capsular polysaccharides of klebsiella in antipneumococcal sera.	qualitative and quantitative precipitin reactions are given of the polysaccharides k60, k61, k65, k67-69, k70, k71, k73, and k83, also of depyruvylated k1. as expected, the last reacts more strongly in antipneumococcal (anti-pn) viii and x than does intact k1. k65 and k67 precipitate much of the same large fraction of anti-pnxxiii as does k47, showing that k65 and k67 also possess lateral non-reducing end-groups of l-rhamnose. the massive reaction of k83 in anti-pnii confirms the chemically demo ...	1977	15494
factors affecting plate assay of gentamicin. ii. media.		1977	14916
which gentamicin assay method is the most practicable?		1977	14915