Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| inositol-requiring enzyme 1 inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication. | despite being a major health problem, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections remain without specific therapy. identification of novel host cellular responses that play a role in the pathogenesis of rsv infection is needed for therapeutic development. the endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress response is an evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling cascade that has been implicated in multiple biological phenomena, including the pathogenesis of some viral infections. in this study, we investig ... | 2014 | 24497642 |
| respiratory viral infections among hospitalized adults: experience of a single tertiary healthcare hospital. | following the 2009 h1n1 pandemic, there have been a large number of studies focusing on the epidemiology and outcomes of influenza a infection; however, there have been fewer studies focused on other respiratory viral infections. | 2014 | 24490751 |
| genetic predisposition of rsv infection-related respiratory morbidity in preterm infants. | the aim of this study was to assess whether prematurely born infants have a genetic predisposition to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection-related respiratory morbidity. one hundred and forty-six infants born at less than 36 weeks of gestation were prospectively followed. nasopharygeal aspirates were obtained on every occasion the infants had a lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) regardless of need for admission. dna was tested for 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). chronic r ... | 2014 | 24487983 |
| should infants presenting with an apparent life-threatening event undergo evaluation for serious bacterial infections and respiratory pathogens? | we sought to identify which patients with an apparent life-threatening event require infectious evaluation through an analysis of infants aged ≤12 months brought to an emergency department with an apparent life-threatening event. among the 533 children evaluated, there were no cases of meningitis, 1 case of bacteremia, 17 cases of urinary tract infection, 22 cases of bacterial pneumonia, 22 cases of respiratory syncytial virus, and 2 cases of influenza virus identified in respiratory specimens. | 2014 | 24484770 |
| blood collected on filter paper for wildlife serology: detecting antibodies to neospora caninum, west nile virus, and five bovine viruses in reindeer. | we compared nobuto filter paper (fp) whole-blood samples to serum for detecting antibodies to seven pathogens in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). serum and fp samples were collected from captive reindeer in 2008-2009. sample pairs (serum and fp eluates) were assayed in duplicate at diagnostic laboratories with the use of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (celisas) for neospora caninum and west nile virus (wnv); indirect elisa (ielisas) for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), pa ... | 2014 | 24484497 |
| [relevant pathogenesis of heat and phlegm in infantile viral pneumonia: an analysis by association rules]. | to study the application of association rules in chinese medical pathogeneses and pathologies of heat and phlegm in infantile viral pneumonia. | 2013 | 24483108 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral infections in older adults with moderate to severe influenza-like illness. | few studies have prospectively assessed viral etiologies of acute respiratory infections in community-based elderly individuals. we assessed viral respiratory pathogens in individuals ≥65 years with influenza-like illness (ili). | 2014 | 24482398 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal influenza cause similar illnesses in children with sickle cell disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a cause of acute chest syndrome (acs) in sickle cell disease (scd), but its clinical course and acute complications have not been well characterized. we compared rsv to seasonal influenza infections in children with scd. | 2014 | 24481883 |
| respiratory syncytial virus ns1 protein degrades stat2 by inducing socs1 expression. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nonstructural protein ns1 (ns1) has been shown to block interferon (ifn)-inducible antiviral signaling. the suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) gene family could utilize a feedback loop to block the activation of the jak/stat signaling pathway, further inhibiting the activation of host type i ifn. we evaluated the role of the socs1 and socs3 genes in this antiviral mechanism. | 2014 | 24480984 |
| mapping of cd8 t cell epitopes in human respiratory syncytial virus l protein. | since it has been reported that in humans there is a relationship between human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv)-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes and symptom reduction, and that the polymerase (structural l protein) is highly conserved among different strains, this work aimed to identify the cd8 t cell epitopes h-2(d) restricted within the l sequence for immunization purposes. | 2014 | 24480928 |
| a new laboratory-based surveillance system (respiratory datamart system) for influenza and other respiratory viruses in england: results and experience from 2009 to 2012. | during the 2009 influenza a(h1n1) pandemic, a new laboratory-based virological sentinel surveillance system, the respiratory datamart system (rdms), was established in a network of 14 health protection agency (now public health england (phe)) and national health service (nhs) laboratories in england. laboratory results (both positive and negative) were systematically collected from all routinely tested clinical respiratory samples for a range of respiratory viruses including influenza, respirato ... | 2014 | 24480060 |
| pathogens of bovine respiratory disease in north american feedlots conferring multidrug resistance via integrative conjugative elements. | in this study, we determined the prevalence of bovine respiratory disease (brd)-associated viral and bacterial pathogens in cattle and characterized the genetic profiles, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and nature of antimicrobial resistance determinants in collected bacteria. nasopharyngeal swab and lung tissue samples from 68 brd mortalities in alberta, canada (n = 42), texas (n = 6), and nebraska (n = 20) were screened using pcr for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncy ... | 2014 | 24478472 |
| resveratrol inhibits the trif-dependent pathway by upregulating sterile alpha and armadillo motif protein, contributing to anti-inflammatory effects after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children and the leading cause of infant hospitalization worldwide. uncontrolled response to rsv is mediated by a toll-like receptor (tlr)-mediated immune response. resveratrol possesses anti-rsv activity and is an inhibitor of the trif/tbk1/irf-3 complex. we hypothesize that resveratrol inhibits the trif-dependent pathway through upregulation of sarm post-rsv infection. balb/c mice were i ... | 2014 | 24478430 |
| chimeric bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 expressing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f glycoprotein: effect of insert position on expression, replication, immunogenicity, stability, and protection against rsv infection. | a recombinant chimeric bovine/human parainfluenza type 3 virus (rb/hpiv3) vector expressing the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion f glycoprotein previously exhibited disappointing levels of rsv f immunogenicity and genetic stability in children (d. bernstein et al., pediatr. infect. dis. j. 31:109-114, 2012; c.-f. yang et al., vaccine 31:2822-2827, 2013). to investigate parameters that might affect vaccine performance and stability, we constructed and characterized rb/hpiv3 viruses expres ... | 2014 | 24478424 |
| a role for h/aca and c/d small nucleolar rnas in viral replication. | we have employed gene-trap insertional mutagenesis to identify candidate genes whose disruption confer phenotypic resistance to lytic infection, in independent studies using 12 distinct viruses and several different cell lines. analysis of >2,000 virus-resistant clones revealed >1,000 candidate host genes, approximately 20 % of which were disrupted in clones surviving separate infections with 2-6 viruses. interestingly, there were 83 instances in which the insertional mutagenesis vector disrupte ... | 2014 | 24477674 |
| epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children in cyprus during three consecutive winter seasons (2010-2013): age distribution, seasonality and association between prevalent genotypes and disease severity. | this study reports the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hospitalized children in cyprus over three successive seasons (2010-2013) and the association between prevalent genotypes and disease severity. rsv infections had a circulation pattern from december to march. most rsv-positive children (83%) were aged <2 years. genotyping of rsv isolates showed that during the first winter season of the study (2010-2011), the only rsv genotype circulating was ga2 (rsv-a), followed by gen ... | 2014 | 24476750 |
| human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus: subtle differences but comparable severity. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered virus that causes respiratory illness in children that can lead to hospitalization. our study was undertaken to further understand hmpv-associated illness, compare clinical characteristics of hmpv and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and establish the utility of routine screening for hmpv. we retrospectively identified hmpv-associated illnesses described among children with respiratory symptoms admitted to a tertiary care center in southeas ... | 2010 | 24470892 |
| primary ebv infection induces an expression profile distinct from other viruses but similar to hemophagocytic syndromes. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) causes infectious mononucleosis and establishes lifelong infection associated with cancer and autoimmune disease. to better understand immunity to ebv, we performed a prospective study of natural infection in healthy humans. transcriptome analysis defined a striking and reproducible expression profile during acute infection but no lasting gene changes were apparent during latent infection. comparing the ebv response profile to multiple other acute viral infections, inclu ... | 2014 | 24465555 |
| preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus disease: passive, active immunisation and new antivirals. | in most high-income countries palivizumab prophylaxis is considered safe, efficacious and cost-effective for preventing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospital admissions among specific subgroups of infants born preterm, with chronic lung disease or with congenital heart disease. virtually all babies acquire rsv during infancy and previously healthy babies are not eligible to receive palivizumab. emerging evidence suggests some benefit of palivizumab use in reducing recurrent wheeze among inf ... | 2014 | 24464977 |
| molecular evolution of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene in human parainfluenza virus type 3 isolates from children with acute respiratory illness in yamagata prefecture, japan. | we conducted detailed genetic analyses of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) gene in 272 human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) isolates from children with acute respiratory illness during the period 2002-2009 in yamagata prefecture, japan. a phylogenetic tree reconstructed by the bayesian markov chain monte carlo method showed that the strains diversified at around 1946 and that the rate of molecular evolution was 1.10×10(-3) substitutions per site per year. identity was high among the pre ... | 2014 | 24464692 |
| high-quality 3d structures shine light on antibacterial, anti-biofilm and antiviral activities of human cathelicidin ll-37 and its fragments. | host defense antimicrobial peptides are key components of human innate immunity that plays an indispensible role in human health. while there are multiple copies of cathelicidin genes in horses, cattle, pigs, and sheep, only one cathelicidin gene is found in humans. interestingly, this single cathelicidin gene can be processed into different forms of antimicrobial peptides. ll-37, the most commonly studied form, is not only antimicrobial but also possesses other functional roles such as chemotax ... | 2014 | 24463069 |
| maternal antibodies by passive immunization with formalin inactivated respiratory syncytial virus confer protection without vaccine-enhanced disease. | maternal immunization of mice with formalin inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) resulted in the passive transfer of rsv antibodies but not cellular components to the offspring. the offspring born to fi-rsv immunized mothers showed serum rsv neutralizing activity, effectively controlled lung viral loads without vaccine-enhanced disease, did not induce pulmonary eosinophilia, and cytokine producing cells after live rsv infection. therefore, this study provides evidence that maternal i ... | 2014 | 24462695 |
| genotype circulation pattern of human respiratory syncytial virus in iran. | in order to have information on the molecular epidemiology and genetic circulation pattern of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) in iran, we studied the genetic variability of both group a and b hrsv strains during seven consecutive years by sequencing the hypervariable c-terminal domain of g protein. a total of 485 children <2years of age who were negative for influenza viruses, screened for the presence of hrsv in this research. hrsv was detected in 94 (19.38%) of the samples using neste ... | 2014 | 24462624 |
| hyperferritinemia in neonatal and infantile human parechovirus-3 infection in comparison with other infectious diseases. | human parechovirus-3 (hpev-3) has been associated with severe clinical manifestations in neonates and infants in the form of sepsis or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh)-like illness. to clarify the clinical features of hpev-3 infection, we compared clinical signs and laboratory findings among enteroviruses (evs), hpev-3, and other infections. participants were 26 febrile infants in whom evs (n = 20) or hpev-3 (n = 6) were isolated from throat swab or fecal specimens. clinical and laborato ... | 2014 | 24462418 |
| nebulized hypertonic saline treatment reduces both rate and duration of hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis in infants: an updated meta-analysis. | nebulized hypertonic saline (hs) treatment reduced the length of hospitalization in infants with acute bronchiolitis in a previous meta-analysis. however, there was no reduction in the admission rate. we hypothesized that nebulized hs treatment might significantly decrease both the duration and the rate of hospitalization if more randomized controlled trials (rcts) were included. we searched medline, pubmed, cinahl, and the cochrane central register of controlled trials (central) without a langu ... | 2014 | 24461195 |
| the impact of viral genotype on pathogenesis and disease severity: respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinoviruses. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lri) and viral death in infants. rsv disease in infants is characterized by epithelial desquamation, neutrophilic bronchiolitis and pneumonia and obstructive pulmonary mucus. human rhinoviruses (hrvs) are by far the most common cause of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infection (uri) in people and are more recently appreciated as a significant cause of lri. rsv and hrv are also implicated in asthma p ... | 2013 | 24455766 |
| novel vaccine regimen elicits strong airway immune responses and control of respiratory syncytial virus in nonhuman primates. | induction of long-lasting immunity against viral respiratory tract infections remains an elusive goal. using a nonhuman primate model of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) infection, we compared mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by different dna delivery approaches to a novel parenteral dna prime-tonsillar adenoviral vector booster immunization regimen. intramuscular (i.m.) electroporation (ep) of a dna vaccine encoding the fusion protein of hrsv induced stronger systemic immun ... | 2014 | 24453366 |
| relationship between common viral upper respiratory tract infections and febrile seizures in children from suzhou, china. | this study aimed to determine the potential predisposing factors for the development of febrile seizures among children with upper respiratory tract infection in the eastern chinese region. participants were individuals aged 6 months and 6 years (n = 189) who were diagnosed with febrile seizure, complicated with upper respiratory tract infection, and 174 age-matched children who had upper respiratory tract infection without seizures as controls. the viral antigens including influenza a and b, pa ... | 2014 | 24453149 |
| vitamin d-binding protein haplotype is associated with hospitalization for rsv bronchiolitis. | between 75 000 and 125 000 u.s. infants are hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis every year. up to half will be diagnosed with asthma in later childhood. vitamin d deficiency has been associated with susceptibility to asthma and respiratory infections. measured vitamin d is largely bound to vitamin d-binding protein (vdbp); vdbp levels are influenced by its gene (gc) haplotype. | 2014 | 24447085 |
| the effect of birth month on the risk of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in the first year of life in the united states. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe respiratory illness in infants. to help direct targeted interventions and future rsv vaccine programs, we examined risk of rsv-related hospitalization by infant age and birth month. | 2014 | 24445838 |
| respiratory syncytial virus surveillance in the united states, 2007-2012: results from a national surveillance system. | annual respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreaks throughout the us exhibit variable patterns in onset, peak month of activity and duration of season. rsvalert, a us surveillance system, collects and characterizes rsv test data at national, regional, state and local levels. | 2014 | 24445835 |
| phenolic compounds from origanum vulgare and their antioxidant and antiviral activities. | in the present study, six new phenolic compounds (1-6) along with five known ones were isolated from the ethanol extract of the whole plants of origanum vulgare. the structures of the new compounds were identified on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (uv, ir, nmr, and hresims) and acid hydrolysis. twenty-one phenolic compounds isolated from o. vulgare in our previous and present studies were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (dpph) r ... | 2014 | 24444941 |
| crystal structure of the essential transcription antiterminator m2-1 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus and implications of its phosphorylation. | the m2-1 protein of the important pathogen human respiratory syncytial virus is a zinc-binding transcription antiterminator that is essential for viral gene expression. we present the crystal structure of full-length m2-1 protein in its native tetrameric form at a resolution of 2.5 å. the structure reveals that m2-1 forms a disk-like assembly with tetramerization driven by a long helix forming a four-helix bundle at its center, further stabilized by contact between the zinc-binding domain and ad ... | 2014 | 24434552 |
| safety, bioavailability and mechanism of action of nitric oxide to control bovine respiratory disease complex in calves entering a feedlot. | bovine respiratory disease complex (brdc), a multi-factorial disease, negatively impacts the cattle industry. nitric oxide (no), a naturally occurring molecule, may have utility controlling incidence of brdc. safety, bioavailability, toxicology and tolerance/stress of administering no to cattle is evaluated herein. thirteen, crossbred, multiple-sourced, commingled commercial weaned beef calves were treated multiple times intranasally over a 4 week period with either a nitric oxide releasing solu ... | 2014 | 24434056 |
| [application of filmarray assay for detection of respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised persons]. | a variety of viruses and bacteria are responsible for acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections worldwide. severe and even fatal disease can occur especially in group ofimmunocompromised individuals. accurate pathogen identification allows clinicians to determine the need for ancillary diagnostic testing, antibacterial and/or antiviral therapy and can motivate decisions regarding hospitalization and infection control measures. | 2013 | 24432557 |
| occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in outbreaks of respiratory disease in norway. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is one of the major pathogens involved in the bovine respiratory disease (brd) complex. the seroprevalence to brsv in norwegian cattle herds is high, but its role in epidemics of respiratory disease is unclear. the aims of the study were to investigate the etiological role of brsv and other respiratory viruses in epidemics of brd and to perform phylogenetic analysis of norwegian brsv strains. | 2014 | 24423030 |
| emergency department surveillance as a proxy for the prediction of circulating respiratory viral disease in eastern ontario. | seasonal outbreaks of winter respiratory viruses are responsible for increases in morbidity and mortality in the community. previous studies have used hospitalizations, intensive care unit and emergency department (ed) visits as indicators of seasonal influenza incidence. | 2013 | 24421826 |
| a model of the costs of community and nosocomial pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infections in canadian hospitals. | approximately one in 10 hospitalized patients will acquire a nosocomial infection (ni) after admission to hospital, of which 71% are due to respiratory viruses, including the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). nis are concerning and lead to prolonged hospitalizations. the economics of nis are typically described in generalized terms and specific cost data are lacking. | 2013 | 24421788 |
| a genetic model of differential susceptibility to human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of lower respiratory tract infection during childhood and causes severe symptoms in some patients, which may cause hospitalization and death. mechanisms for differential responses to rsv are unknown. our objective was to develop an in vitro model of rsv infection to evaluate interindividual variation in response to rsv and identify susceptibility genes. populations of human-derived hapmap lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcls) were infected with r ... | 2014 | 24421397 |
| correlations between climate factors and incidence--a contributor to rsv seasonality. | respiratory syncytial virus is the most common respiratory virus infection in early childhood, causing a wide range of illness from mild colds to life-threatening croup, bronchiolitis and pneumonia that may require intensive care. exactly which parameters contribute to the seasonality of rsv (and other respiratory viruses, such as influenza) and their comparative significance are the subject of ongoing intensive debate. this review article summarises the specific contributions and correlations b ... | 2014 | 24421259 |
| human rhinovirus and disease severity in children. | to evaluate retrospectively human rhinovirus (hrv) infections in children up to 5 years old and factors involved in disease severity. | 2014 | 24420808 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nonstructural proteins mediate rsv suppression of glucocorticoid receptor transactivation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis in infants is not responsive to glucocorticoids. we have shown that rsv infection impairs glucocorticoid receptor (gr) function. in this study, we have investigated the mechanism by which rsv impairs gr function. we have shown that rsv repression of gr-induced transactivation is not mediated through a soluble autocrine factor. knock-down of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs), but not retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (rig-i) or m ... | 2014 | 24418538 |
| generation and epitope mapping of a sub-group cross-reactive anti-respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein monoclonal antibody which is protective in vivo. | passively administered antibodies to conserved epitopes on the attachment (g) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) have potential in the immunoprophylaxis of human infections. this study set out to generate monoclonal antibodies (mabs) recognizing all prevalent lineages of hrsv and capable of immunoprophylaxis in mice. two murine mabs of broad specificity for prevalent virus strains were generated by immunization of mice with hrsv of sub-group a followed by selection of hybri ... | 2014 | 24415460 |
| il-17e (il-25) and il-17rb promote respiratory syncytial virus-induced pulmonary disease. | one of the most severe pathologic responses of rsv infection is associated with overproduction of cytokines and inflammation, leading to mucus hypersecretion. this study investigated the role of il-25 in the development of rsv-associated immunopathology. il-25 and its receptor il-17rb were increased following rsv infection, and il-25 blockade using neutralizing antibodies reduced rsv-associated pathology, ahr, and type 2 cytokine production. likewise, il-17rb(-/-) mice demonstrated a modified in ... | 2014 | 24407884 |
| current concepts and progress in rsv vaccine development. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children and debilitated adults and remains one of the major global unmet challenges for vaccine development. several immunological issues have delayed the development of vaccines, especially the poorly protective response to natural infection and the enhancement of disease following administration of formalin inactivated vaccines during trials conducted in the 1960s. advances in knowledge of the immune ... | 2014 | 24405366 |
| development of a luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay to detect igg antibodies against human respiratory syncytial virus nucleoprotein. | the nucleoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv-n) is immunogenic and elicits an igg response following infection. the rsv-n gene was cloned into a mammalian expression vector, pren2, and the expressed luciferase-tagged protein (ruc-n) detected anti-rsv-n-specific igg antibodies using a high-throughput immunoprecipitation method (the luciferase immunoprecipitation system [lips]-n(rsv) assay). the specificity of the assay was evaluated using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and monospecific pre ... | 2014 | 24403526 |
| cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in premature infants less than 32 weeks gestational age in turkey: author's reply. | 2014 | 24401320 | |
| the role of pro-resolution lipid mediators in infectious disease. | inflammation is an essential host defence against infection, but can be damaging when excessive. resolution of inflammation is an active process, and the pro-resolution effects of lipoxins, resolvins and protectins have received significant interest. here, we review emerging data on the role of these lipid mediators in infectious disease. lipoxins influence host control of mycobacterium tuberculosis, toxoplasma gondii, trypanosoma cruzi and plasmodium berghei cerebral malaria in mice. their effe ... | 2014 | 24400794 |
| viral aetiology of acute lower respiratory tract illness in hospitalised paediatric patients of a tertiary hospital: one year prospective study. | acute lower respiratory tract infections (alri), ranked as the second leading cause of death are the primary cause of hospitalisation in children. viruses are the most important causative agents of alri. | 2014 | 24399381 |
| immunobiotic lactobacilli reduce viral-associated pulmonary damage through the modulation of inflammation-coagulation interactions. | the exacerbated disease due to immune- and coagulative-mediated pulmonary injury during acute respiratory viruses infection results in severe morbidity and mortality. identifying novel approaches to modulate virus-induced inflammation-coagulation interactions could be important alternatives for treating acute respiratory viruses infections. in this study we investigated the effect of the probiotic strain lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 on lung tlr3-mediated inflammation, and its ability to modul ... | 2014 | 24394565 |
| estimating influenza outpatients' and inpatients' incidences from 2009 to 2011 in a tropical urban setting in the philippines. | although the public health significance of influenza in regions with a temperate climate has been widely recognized, information on influenza burden in tropical countries, including the philippines, remains limited. we aimed to estimate influenza incidence rates for both outpatients and inpatients then characterized their demographic features. | 2014 | 24393336 |
| surveillance for hospitalized acute respiratory infection in guatemala. | acute respiratory infections (ari) are an important cause of illness and death worldwide, yet data on the etiology of ari and the population-level burden in developing countries are limited. surveillance for ari was conducted at two hospitals in guatemala. patients admitted with at least one sign of acute infection and one sign or symptom of respiratory illness met the criteria for a case of hospitalized ari. nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected and tested by polymerase chain reacti ... | 2013 | 24391792 |
| attenuation of respiratory syncytial virus-induced and rig-i-dependent type i ifn responses in human neonates and very young children. | newborn infants, including those born at term without congenital disorders, are at high risk of severe disease from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. indeed, our current local surveillance data demonstrate that approximately half of children hospitalized with rsv were ≤3 mo old, and 74% were born at term. informed by this clinical epidemiology, we investigated antiviral innate immune responses in early life, with the goal of identifying immunological factors underlying the susceptibil ... | 2014 | 24391215 |
| prevalence of human rhinovirus in children admitted to hospital with acute lower respiratory tract infections in changsha, china. | human rhinovirus (hrv) is a causative agent of acute respiratory tract infections. this study analyzed the prevalence and clinical characteristics of three hrv groups (hrv-a, -b, and -c) among 1,165 children aged 14 years or younger who were hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection in china. pcr or reverse transcription-pcr was performed to detect 14 respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from september 2007 to august 2008 in changsha, china. hrv was detected ... | 2014 | 24390928 |
| asthma and viruses: is there a relationship? | asthma is a multifactorial disease in which many factors play a role in its development and exacerbations. viral infections are known to be the main cause of asthmatic exacerbations and are often the first manifestation of asthma in preschool age. however, there is much evidence suggesting a role of viral infections even in asthma development. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). has been first associated with an increased risk to develop asthma, but recently new viruses have been proposed to be i ... | 2014 | 24389140 |
| interferon lambda 1-3 expression in infants hospitalized for rsv or hrv associated bronchiolitis. | the airway expression of type iii interferons (ifns) was evaluated in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or rhinovirus (hrv) bronchiolitis. as an additional objective we sought to determine whether a different expression of ifn lambda 1-3 was associated with different harboring viruses, the clinical course of bronchiolitis or with the levels of well established ifn stimulated genes (isgs), such as mixovirus resistance a (mxa) and isg56. | 2014 | 24389019 |
| viral infections in patients with an acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. | patients with slowly progressive idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, often deteriorate, thus suggesting that the clinical course may be unpredictable. such episodes are termed acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. the etiology of an acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is unknown. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that an acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is induced by respiratory viral infe ... | 2014 | 24388373 |
| herpesvirus-associated acute urticaria: an age matched case-control study. | acute and recurrent acute urticaria are often associated with multiple factors including infections and recent data suggest a role for herpesviruses. | 2013 | 24386470 |
| recent advances in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of respiratory infection in infants and the elderly, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. the interdisciplinary fields, especially biotechnology and nanotechnology, have facilitated the development of modern detection systems for rsv. many anti-rsv compounds like fusion inhibitors and rnai molecules have been successful in laboratory and clinical trials. but, currently, there are no effective drugs for rsv infection even after ... | 2013 | 24382964 |
| cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in premature infants less than 32 weeks gestational age in turkey. | 2014 | 24382545 | |
| a life-threatening respiratory syncytial virus infection: a previously healthy infant with bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax and acute respiratory distress syndrome. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of viral respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. although the course of rsv infection is usually benign, a small proportion of infants require mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. we describe an eight-month-old previously healthy female who developed bilateral pneumothorax and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) secondary to rsv infection. because of the severe hypoxemia, three doses of surfactant were a ... | 2014 | 24382538 |
| epidemiological and clinical data of hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in children under 5 years of age in spain: five multicenter study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen in lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in infants, but there are limited data concerning patients with underlying conditions and children older than 2 years of age. | 2014 | 24382343 |
| epidemiology of viral respiratory infections in a tertiary care centre in the era of molecular diagnosis, geneva, switzerland, 2011-2012. | few studies have examined the epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in large tertiary centres over more than one season in the era of molecular diagnosis. respiratory clinical specimens received between 1 january 2011 and 31 december 2012 were analysed. respiratory virus testing was performed using a large panel of real-time pcr or rt-pcr. results were analysed according to sample type (upper versus lower respiratory tract) and age group. in all, 2996 (2469 (82.4%) upper; 527 (17.6%) lowe ... | 2014 | 24382326 |
| epidemiology of virus-induced wheezing/asthma in children. | wheezing is a lower respiratory tract symptom induced by various viral respiratory infections. epidemiological studies have revealed the phenotypes of wheezing in early childhood which have different risk factors for the development of asthma among school age children. the major viral species causing wheezing in children include respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus and influenza viruses. it has been shown that the impact on the development of asthma is different between ... | 2013 | 24379810 |
| an in vitro model to study immune responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to human respiratory syncytial virus infection. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) infections present a broad spectrum of disease severity, ranging from mild infections to life-threatening bronchiolitis. an important part of the pathogenesis of severe disease is an enhanced immune response leading to immunopathology. here, we describe a protocol used to investigate the immune response of human immune cells to an hrsv infection. first, we describe methods used for culturing, purification and quantification of hrsv. subsequently, we descr ... | 2013 | 24379004 |
| a household-based study of acute viral respiratory illnesses in andean children. | few community studies have measured the incidence, severity and etiology of acute respiratory illness (ari) among children living at high-altitude in remote rural settings. | 2014 | 24378948 |
| three-year study of viral etiology and features of febrile respiratory tract infections in japanese pediatric outpatients. | for most febrile respiratory tract infections (rtis) in children, the causative pathogen is never identified. we sought to identify the causative pathogen in individual cases of pediatric outpatient with rtis and to determine whether particular clinical features of rtis are associated with particular viruses. | 2014 | 24378946 |
| antiviral activity of polymethoxylated flavones from "guangchenpi", the edible and medicinal pericarps of citrus reticulata 'chachi'. | the present study found that the supercritical fluid extract of "guangchenpi" possessed in vitro antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). bioassay-guided isolation and identification of this extract led to obtain five active polymethoxylated flavones (1-5). cytopathic effect (cpe) reduction assay exhibited that tangeretin (2) and nobiletin (3), two major polymethoxylated flavones in the extract, possessed better anti-rsv effect comparable to the positive control ribavirin. p ... | 2014 | 24377463 |
| decrease in formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) enhanced disease with rsv g glycoprotein peptide immunization in balb/c mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a high priority target for vaccine development. one concern in rsv vaccine development is that a non-live virus vaccine would predispose for enhanced disease similar to that seen with the formalin inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) vaccine. since a mab specific to rsv g protein can reduce pulmonary inflammation and eosinophilia seen after rsv infection of fi-rsv vaccinated mice, we hypothesized that rsv g peptides that induce antibodies with similar reactivity may limi ... | 2013 | 24376637 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized children older than 2 years with community-acquired pneumonia. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the main causes of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. the aims of the present study were to evaluate the role of rsv in children >2 years old hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and to type the circulating rsv strains. | 2013 | 24376320 |
| predicting the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants: should we use a clinical score or a biomarker? | krebs von den lungen 6 antigen (kl-6) has been shown to be a useful biomarker of the severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. to assess the correlation between the clinical severity of acute bronchiolitis, serum kl-6, and the causative viruses, 222 infants with acute bronchiolitis presenting at the pediatric emergency department of estaing university hospital, clermont-ferrand, france, were prospectively enrolled from october 2011 to may 2012. disease severity was assessed with a s ... | 2014 | 24374757 |
| north-south divide: distribution and outcome of respiratory viral infections in paediatric intensive care units in cape town (south africa) and nottingham (united kingdom). | this study aims to describe and compare the spectrum, course, seasonality and outcome of children with virus-associated respiratory symptoms (vars) admitted to two paediatric intensive care units (picus) in the united kingdom (uk) and south africa (sa). | 2014 | 24372932 |
| determining the breadth of the respiratory syncytial virus-specific t cell response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children under the age of 5. studies examining rsv infection in susceptible balb/c mice indicate that both cd4 and cd8 t cells not only contribute to viral clearance but also facilitate rsv-induced disease. however, efforts to understand the mechanisms by which rsv-specific t cells mediate disease following acute rsv infection have been hampered by the lack of defined rsv-specifi ... | 2014 | 24371055 |
| group b strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in saudi arabia: molecular and phylogenetic analysis. | the genetic variability and circulation pattern of human respiratory syncytial virus group b (hrsv-b) strains, identified in riyadh during the winters of 2008 and 2009, were evaluated by partial sequencing of the attachment (g) protein gene. the second hypervariable region (hvr-2) of g gene was amplified by rt-pcr, sequenced and compared to representatives of different hrsv-b genotypes. sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all saudi strains belonged to the genotype ba, which is chara ... | 2014 | 24370974 |
| comparison of in vitro antiviral activity of tea polyphenols against influenza a and b viruses and structure-activity relationship analysis. | influenza poses a particular risk of severe outcomes in the elderly, the very young and those with underlying diseases. tea polyphenols are the natural phenolic compounds in teas, and principally consist of catechins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols, and theaflavins, which antiviral activities have been reported recently. this study is to gain a further insight into potential of various tea polyphenols for inhibiting influenza virus infection. five tea polyphenols exhibited inhibitory activity agai ... | 2014 | 24370660 |
| perinatal exposure to insecticide methamidophos suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines responding to virus infection in lung tissues in mice. | methamidophos, a representative organophosphate insecticide, is regulated because of its severe neurotoxicity, but it is suspected of contaminating agricultural foods in many countries due to illicit use. to reveal unknown effects of methamidophos on human health, we evaluated the developmental immunotoxicity of methamidophos using a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection mouse model. pregnant mice were exposed to methamidophos (10 or 20 ppm) in their drinking water from gestation day 10 to ... | 2013 | 24369005 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: factors determining progression to lower respiratory tract disease. | 2014 | 24368838 | |
| respiratory syncytial virus in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: factors determining progression to lower respiratory tract disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract disease (lrd) is a life-threatening complication in hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients. lymphopenia has been associated with an increased risk of progression from upper respiratory tract infection (uri) to lrd. | 2014 | 24368837 |
| the real-life effectiveness of palivizumab for reducing hospital admissions for respiratory syncytial virus in infants residing in nunavut. | background⁄ | 2014 | 24367792 |
| the source of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: a household cohort study in rural kenya. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine development for direct protection of young infants faces substantial obstacles. assessing the potential of indirect protection using different strategies, such as targeting older children or mothers, requires knowledge of the source of infection to the infants. | 2014 | 24367040 |
| stat5-induced lunatic fringe during th2 development alters delta-like 4-mediated th2 cytokine production in respiratory syncytial virus-exacerbated airway allergic disease. | notch activation plays an important role in t cell development and mature t cell differentiation. in this study, we investigated the role of notch activation in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-exacerbated allergic airway disease. during rsv exacerbation, in vivo neutralization of a specific notch ligand, delta-like ligand (dll)-4, significantly decreased airway hyperreactivity, mucus production, and th2 cytokines. lunatic fringe (lfng), a glycosyltransferase that enhances notc ... | 2014 | 24367028 |
| challenges and opportunities for respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes a significant proportion of the global burden of respiratory disease. here we summarize the conclusions of a series of chapters written by investigators describing and interpreting what is known about the virology, clinical manifestations, immunity, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of rsv relevant to vaccine development. several technological and conceptual advances have recently occurred that make rsv vaccine development more feasible, and this collected k ... | 2013 | 24362701 |
| human airway epithelial cell cultures for modeling respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human respiratory pathogen with narrow species tropism. limited availability of human pathologic specimens during early rsv-induced lung disease and ethical restrictions for rsv challenge studies in the lower airways of human volunteers has slowed our understanding of how rsv causes airway disease and greatly limited the development of therapeutic strategies for reducing rsv disease burden. our current knowledge of rsv infection and pathology is ... | 2013 | 24362700 |
| the mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | the laboratory mouse is the species of choice for most immunological studies, ranging from simple vaccine testing to the intricate dissection of fundamental immunopathogenic mechanisms. although not fully mouse adapted, some strains of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replicate in the murine respiratory tract and induce specific t and b cell responses. passive transfer of neutralising antibody is protective and assist in viral clearance. in addition, many of rsv's complex behaviours are recapit ... | 2013 | 24362699 |
| the cotton rat sigmodon hispidus model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the cotton rat sigmodon hispidus is a new world rodent that has become an important model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. this small animal is relatively permissive to rsv and can be infected throughout life. it recapitulates the pathology associated with the fi-rsv vaccine-enhanced disease, the phenomenon of maternally transmitted immunity and the ability of passive immunity to suppress efficacy of rsv vaccines. different highly susceptible human cohort scenarios have been model ... | 2013 | 24362698 |
| bovine model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), which is an important cause of respiratory disease in young calves, is genetically and antigenically closely related to human (h)rsv. the epidemiology and pathogenesis of infection with these viruses are similar. the viruses are host-specific and infection produces a spectrum of disease ranging from subclinical to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia, with the peak incidence of severe disease in individuals less than 6 months of age. brsv infection in cal ... | 2013 | 24362697 |
| gene-based vaccine approaches for respiratory syncytial virus. | a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine has remained elusive for decades, largely due to the failure of a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine in the 1960s that resulted in enhanced disease upon rsv exposure in the immunized individuals. vaccine development has also been hindered by the incomplete immunity conferred by natural infection allowing for re-infection at any time, and the immature immune system and circulating maternal antibodies present in the neonate, the primary target for a vaccin ... | 2013 | 24362696 |
| subunit and virus-like particle vaccine approaches for respiratory syncytial virus. | despite its impact on global health, there is no vaccine available for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. failure to develop a licensed vaccine is not due to lack of effort, as numerous vaccine candidates have been characterized in preclinical and clinical studies spanning five decades. the vaccine candidates thus far explored can be generally divided into four categories: (1) whole inactivated virus, (2) replication competent, attenuated virus including recombinant v ... | 2013 | 24362695 |
| live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. | live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines offer several advantages for immunization of infants and young children: (1) they do not cause vaccine-associated enhanced rsv disease; (2) they broadly stimulate innate, humoral, and cellular immunity, both systemically and locally in the respiratory tract; (3) they are delivered intranasally; and (4) they replicate in the upper respiratory tract of young infants despite the presence of passively acquired maternally derived rsv neutrali ... | 2013 | 24362694 |
| respiratory syncytial virus disease: prevention and treatment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most clinically important viruses infecting young children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. over the past decade, the most significant advance in the prevention of rsv disease has been the development of high-titered antibody products. infection control is the only other strategy to prevent rsv disease. a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the fusion (f) protein palivizumab, (synagis®, medimmune, inc., gaithersburg, md), is give ... | 2013 | 24362693 |
| consequences of immature and senescent immune responses for infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | infants in the first 6 months of life and older adults (>65 years of age) are disproportionately burdened with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated morbidity and mortality. while other factors play a role in the risk these groups assume, shortcomings of the immune response make a substantial contribution to the predisposition to severe disease. ineffectual antibody production with misdirected cytokine responses and excess inflammation in the airways are common to both groups. however, th ... | 2013 | 24362692 |
| host gene expression and respiratory syncytial virus infection. | advances in rna interference (rnai) and transcription studies have facilitated the application of systematic cell-based loss- or gain-of-function and cell response screening that enable genome-wide analysis of cell factors involved in viral replication and disease. application of both experimental and computational biology approaches have led to crucial insights into virus infection, its life cycle, and host gene targets for disease intervention. a better understanding of the spatial and tempora ... | 2013 | 24362691 |
| respiratory syncytial virus mechanisms to interfere with type 1 interferons. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a member of the paramyxoviridae family that consists of viruses with nonsegmented negative-strand rna genome. infection by these viruses triggers the innate antiviral response of the host, mainly type i interferon (ifn). essentially all other viruses of this family produce ifn suppressor functions by co-transcriptional rna editing. in contrast, rsv has evolved two unique nonstructural proteins, ns1 and ns2, to effectively serve this purpose. together, ns1 and ... | 2013 | 24362690 |
| the adaptive immune response to respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in children, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. the combined actions of cd4 and cd8 t cells play a critical role in terminating an acute rsv infection whereas antibodies can provide protection from re-infection. despite eliciting an immune response that mediates clearance of the virus, immunity to the virus appears to wane over time and individuals remain susceptible to reinfection with rsv throughout their lifetime. ... | 2013 | 24362689 |
| innate immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the innate immune response has a critical role in the initial stages of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and provides important instructional control that determines the direction of the acquired immune response and the severity of subsequent disease. contributions to innate immunity include responses initiated in epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. the initiation and the intensity of the response depends upon the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns ( ... | 2013 | 24362688 |
| human genetics and respiratory syncytial virus disease: current findings and future approaches. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can result in a wide spectrum of pulmonary manifestations, from mild upper respiratory symptoms to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. although there are several known risk factors for severe rsv disease, namely, premature birth, chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, and t cell immunodeficiency, the majority of young children who develop severe rsv disease are otherwise healthy children. genetic susceptibility to rsv infection is emergin ... | 2013 | 24362687 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and reactive airway disease. | reactive airway disease (rad) is a general term for respiratory illnesses manifested by wheezing. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) results in wheezing, either by causing bronchiolitis or by inducing acute exacerbations of asthma. there has been a long-standing interest in whether severe rsv bronchiolitis in infancy is a risk factor for the development of asthma later in childhood. while epidemiologic studies have suggested that such a link exists, a very recent study suggests that infants with ... | 2013 | 24362686 |
| structure and function of respiratory syncytial virus surface glycoproteins. | the two major glycoproteins on the surface of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) virion, the attachment glycoprotein (g) and the fusion glycoprotein (f), control the initial phases of infection. g targets the ciliated cells of the airways, and f causes the virion membrane to fuse with the target cell membrane. the f protein is the major target for antiviral drug development, and both g and f glycoproteins are the antigens targeted by neutralizing antibodies induced by infection. in this chapt ... | 2013 | 24362685 |
| influence of respiratory syncytial virus strain differences on pathogenesis and immunity. | molecular epidemiology studies have provided convincing evidence of antigenic and sequence variability among respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolates. circulating viruses have been classified into two antigenic groups (a and b) that correlate with well-delineated genetic groups. most sequence and antigenic differences (both inter- and intra-groups) accumulate in two hypervariable segments of the g-protein gene. sequences of the g gene have been used for phylogenetic analyses. these studies hav ... | 2013 | 24362684 |
| clinical and epidemiologic features of respiratory syncytial virus. | since its discovery in 1955, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has consistently been noted to be the single most important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants <1 year of age. rsv also causes repeat infections and significant disease throughout life. in addition to the young child, persons with compromised immune, pulmonary or cardiac systems, and the elderly have significant risk from infection. though rsv causes the full spectrum of acute respiratory illnesses, it is most notabl ... | 2013 | 24362683 |