Publications

aortoduodenal fistula 5 years after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair with the ancure stent graft.	we report a case of aortoduodenal fistula 5 years after uncomplicated endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. the diagnosis was confirmed by abdominal computed tomography scan and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. the patient was successfully treated with primary duodenal repair, removal of the infected graft, in situ placement of a bifurcated graft, and omental interposition. review of the literature identifies this as one of very few documented aortoduodenal fistulas after endovascular aneury ...	2007	17398395
evaluation of hot-water and sanitizer dip treatments of knives contaminated with bacteria and meat residue.	hot water (hw; 82.2 degrees c, 180 degreesf) is used for sanitation of meat cutting implements in most slaughter facilities, but validation of actual practices against meat-borne bacterial pathogens and spoilage flora is lacking. observed implement immersions in hw in two large pork processing plants were found to typically be < or = 1 s. impact of these practices on bacteria on metal surfaces was assessed in the laboratory, and alternative treatments were investigated. knives were inoculated wi ...	2007	17388054
quantitative analysis of the intestinal bacterial community in one- to three-week-old commercially reared broiler chickens fed conventional or antibiotic-free vegetable-based diets.	to explore the effect of drug-free poultry production on the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens, the bacterial community of this environment was quantitatively profiled in both conventionally reared birds and birds reared without antibiotic growth promotants (agps) on a vegetable-based diet.	2007	17381758
a novel toxin homologous to large clostridial cytotoxins found in culture supernatant of clostridium perfringens type c.	an unknown cytotoxin was identified in the culture supernatant of clostridium perfringens type c. the cytotoxin, named tpel, which was purified using mab-based affinity chromatography, had a lethal activity of 62 minimum lethal dose (mld) mg(-1) in mice and a cytotoxic activity of 6.2x10(5) cytotoxic units (cu) mg(-1) in vero cells. the nucleotide sequence of tpel was determined. the entire orf had a length of 4953 bases, and the same nucleotide sequence was not recorded in the genbank/embl/ddbj ...	2007	17379729
pathology of fatal traumatic and nontraumatic clostridial gas gangrene: a histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of six autopsy cases.	we prospectively investigated six fatal cases of clostridial gas gangrene using autopsy, histology, immunohistochemistry, microbiology, and scanning electron microscopy. the causative pathogen was clostridium perfringens in four cases, c. sordellii in one case, and a mixed infection with both c. perfringens and c. sordellii in one case. according to the previous medical history and autopsy findings, clostridial infection was related to trauma in three cases. characterized by extensive tissue nec ...	2008	17370083
[high mortality in a herd with signs of jejunal hemorrhage syndrome].	eleven cows from a herd of 80 dairy cows (14%) died over a 7-month period. death occurred within 12-24 hours of the onset of the first clinical signs, namely, dullness and a decrease (mean 25%) in milk production. within 12 hours the cows were unable to rise, felt cold, and were restless. examined mucous membranes were pale. two of three cows examined at necropsy had blood in the jejunum and high counts of clostridium perfringens. jejunal hemorrhage syndrome was diagnosed in these two cows on th ...	2007	17366873
polymerase chain reaction detection of clostridium perfringens in feces from captive and wild chimpanzees, pan troglodytes.	for veterinary management of non-human primates in captivity, and conservation of wild-living primates, management of their health risks is necessary. incidences of pathogenic bacteria in the fecal specimens are considered as one of the useful indicators for non-invasive health monitoring.	2007	17359463
[massive haemolysis by clostridium perfringens: quick diagnosis in a patient with severe sepsis].	septicaemia by clostridia is a rare but nearly always fatal disease. we report a case of mortal massive haemolysis, with virtually no circulating erythrocytes, in a patient with septicaemia by clostridium perfringens. the early finding of clostridium perfringens in the direct gram stain of patient's peripheral blood allowed a quick diagnosis.	2007	17353173
in vitro activity against anaerobes of retapamulin, a new topical antibiotic for treatment of skin infections.	retapamulin is the first agent of the pleuromutilin class formulated as a topical antibacterial for treating skin infections. the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of retapamulin by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) values of this new drug and comparators against a wide range of anaerobic bacteria of human origin.	2007	17350985
differential requirement for the translocation of clostridial binary toxins: iota toxin requires a membrane potential gradient.	clostridial binary toxins, such as clostridium perfringens iota and clostridium botulinum c2, are composed of a binding protein (ib and c2-ii, respectively) that recognizes distinct membrane receptors and mediates internalization of a catalytic protein (ia and c2-i, respectively) with adp-ribosyltransferase activity that depolymerizes the actin cytoskeleton. after internalization, it was found that c2 and iota toxins were not routed to the golgi apparatus and exhibited differential sensitivity t ...	2007	17350628
virulence plasmid diversity in clostridium perfringens type d isolates.	clostridium perfringens type d isolates are important in biodefense and also cause natural enterotoxemias in sheep, goats, and occasionally cattle. in these isolates, the gene (etx) encoding epsilon-toxin is thought to reside on poorly characterized large plasmids. type d isolates sometimes also produce other potentially plasmid-encoded toxins, including c. perfringens enterotoxin and beta2 toxin, encoded by the cpe and cbp2 genes, respectively. in the current study we demonstrated that the etx, ...	2007	17339362
the use of clinical profiles in the investigation of foodborne outbreaks in restaurants: united states, 1982-1997.	improving the efficiency of outbreak investigation in restaurants is critical to reducing outbreak-associated illness and improving prevention strategies. because clinical characteristics of outbreaks are usually available before results of laboratory testing, we examined their use for determining contributing factors in outbreaks caused by restaurants. all confirmed foodborne outbreaks reported to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) from 1982 to 1997 were reviewed. clinical pro ...	2008	17335632
structures of perfringolysin o suggest a pathway for activation of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins.	cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs), a large family of bacterial toxins, are secreted as water-soluble monomers and yet are capable of generating oligomeric pores in membranes. previous work has demonstrated that large scale structural rearrangements occur during this transition but the detailed mechanism by which these changes take place remains a puzzle. despite evidence of structural and functional couplings between domains 3 and 4, the crystal structure of the cdc, perfringolysin o (pfo) ...	2007	17328912
a recent outbreak of necrotizing enteritis in eastern sri lanka.	this report details an outbreak of jejunitis necroticans seen in 42 patients in the provincial hospital in batticaloa, sri lanka.	2007	17326895
overexpression of claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptors in uterine serous papillary carcinoma: novel targets for a type-specific therapy using clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe).	uterine serous papillary carcinoma (uspc) represents a highly aggressive variant of endometrial cancer. using gene expression profiling, we recently identified high expression of the claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptors in a limited set of uspc. these tight junction proteins represent the low- and high-affinity receptors, respectively, for the cytotoxic clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) and are sufficient to mediate cpe binding and trigger subsequent toxin-mediated cytolysis. the potential ...	2007	17326053
hepatic gas gangrene following liver transplantation.		2007	17318863
waxing grave about adipocere: soft tissue change in an aquatic context.	when postmortem environmental conditions are "just right," according to the "goldilocks phenomenon," soft tissues (and associated fatty acids) are converted into and preserved as adipocere. to better understand this conversion process and the development of adipocere three human cadavers were immersed in outside, water-filled pits for over 3 months to observe adipocere formation in an underwater context simulating actual field conditions. recordings of environmental conditions showed that temper ...	2007	17316224
genotyping of clostridium perfringens isolates collected from food poisoning outbreaks and healthy individuals in japan based on the cpe locus.		2007	17314435
identification of glucose-fermenting bacteria present in an in vitro model of the human intestine by rna-stable isotope probing.	16s rrna-based stable isotope probing (sip) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling were used to identify bacteria fermenting glucose under conditions simulating the human intestine. the tim-2 in vitro model of the human intestine was inoculated with a gi tract microbiota resembling that of the small intestine, to which subsequently 4, 20 or 40 mm of [u-(13)c]-glucose were added. rna was extracted from lumen samples after 0 (control), 1, 2 and 4 h and subjecte ...	2007	17313661
characteristics of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from dochi-isolated enterococcus faecium d081821 and d081833.	to characterize bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (blis) from two dochi-isolated enterococcus faecium.	2007	17309511
identification of a prepore large-complex stage in the mechanism of action of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.	clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is the etiological agent of the third most common food-borne illness in the united states. the enteropathogenic effects of cpe result from formation of large cpe-containing complexes in eukaryotic cell membranes. formation of these approximately 155- and approximately 200-kda complexes coincides with plasma membrane permeability changes in eukaryotic cells, causing a ca2+ influx that drives cell death pathways. cpe contains a stretch of amino acids (resi ...	2007	17307943
microbiological quality of groundwater sources used by rural communities in limpopo province, south africa.	a survey of the microbiological quality of water from 194 boreholes (97 privately owned and 97 communal boreholes) in the rural thitale-hlanganani area of the limpopo province, south africa was carried out between august 2002 and august 2003. very little information on the microbiological quality of privately-owned boreholes in rural communities is available raising concerns about the safety of these groundwater supplies. in this study, levels of total coliforms, thermotolerant (faecal) coliform ...	2006	17302341
laboratory diagnosis of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a polish pilot study into the clinical relevance of clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens toxins.	in the present study, we investigated the prevalence of the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpent) in stool samples originally submitted for detection of clostridium difficile toxins. fifty-two fecal samples from inpatients were screened simultaneously for c. difficile and c. perfringens toxins: 75% of the specimens were positive for tcda/tcdb toxins, 40% were positive for cpent, and 31% gave positive test results for both. it is interesting to note that only a relatively small number of c. ...	2007	17300901
changes in numbers and kinds of bacteria during a chickpea submerged fermentation used as a leavening agent for bread production.	the microflora developed during a submerged fermentation of coarsely ground chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) in water (primary starter) and during raising a dough from wheat flour (adapted starter) was studied. in the fermenting liquid, only populations of bacillus and clostridium developed. bacilli increased their loads significantly (p<0.05) during fermentation for 8-12 h and then remained constant. clostridia developed (p<0.05) subsequently to levels of 10(7) cfu/ml at 18 h, when the ph of the f ...	2007	17300848
plant biological warfare: thorns inject pathogenic bacteria into herbivores.	thorns, spines and prickles are among the rich arsenal of antiherbivore defence mechanisms that plants have evolved. many of these thorns are aposematic, that is, marked by various types of warning coloration. this coloration was recently proposed to deter large herbivores. yet, the mechanical defence provided by thorns against large herbivores might be only the tip of the iceberg in a much more complicated story. here we present evidence that thorns harbour an array of pathogenic bacteria that ...	2007	17298359
a derepression system based on the bacillus subtilis sporulation pathway offers dynamic control of heterologous gene expression.	by rewiring the sporulation gene-regulatory network of bacillus subtilis, we generated a novel expression system relying on derepression. the gene of interest is placed under the control of the abrb promoter, which is active only when spo0a is absent, and spo0a is controlled via an iptg (isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside)-inducible promoter.	2007	17293533
dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients.	animal studies suggest that prebiotics and probiotics exert protective effects against tumor development in the colon, but human data supporting this suggestion are weak.	2007	17284748
humans as reservoir for enterotoxin gene--carrying clostridium perfringens type a.	we found a prevalence of 18% for enterotoxin gene-carrying (cpe+) clostridium perfringens in the feces of healthy food handlers by pcr and isolated the organism from 11 of 23 pcr-positive persons by using hydrophobic grid membrane filter-colony hybridization. several different cpe genotypes were recovered. the prevalence was 3.7% for plasmidial is1151-cpe, 2.9% for plasmidial is1470-like-cpe, 0.7% for chromosomal is1470-cpe, and 1.5% for unknown cpe genotype. lateral spread of cpe between c. per ...	2006	17283623
[neonatal diarrhoea in pigs: alpha- and beta2-toxin produced by clostridium perfringens].	since 2001 the pig health unit of utrecht university has been consulted by various pig farms regarding neonatal diarrhoea. when preventive measures against e. coli-induced diarrhoea had no or limited results, the diarrhoeic piglets were investigated further. the microbiological and pathological findings were indicative of infection with clostridium perfringens. toxin typing by polymerase chain reaction led to the detection of genes encoding a-toxin (cpa) and beta2-toxin (cpb2). surprisingly, alp ...	2006	17278609
use of high-affinity cell wall-binding domains of bacteriophage endolysins for immobilization and separation of bacterial cells.	immobilization and magnetic separation for specific enrichment of microbial cells, such as the pathogen listeria monocytogenes, depends on the availability of suitable affinity molecules. we report here a novel concept for the immobilization and separation of bacterial cells by replacing antibodies with cell wall-binding domains (cbds) of bacteriophage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolases (endolysins). these polypeptide modules very specifically recognize and bind to ligands on the gram-positive cel ...	2007	17277212
role of sialidase in mycoplasma alligatoris-induced pulmonary fibroblast apoptosis.	mycoplasma alligatoris causes acute lethal cardiopulmonary disease of susceptible hosts. a survey of its genome implicated sialidase and hyaluronidase, synergistic regulators of hyaluronan receptor cd44-mediated signal transduction leading to apoptotic cell death, as virulence factors of m. alligatoris. in this study, after the existence of a cd44 homolog in alligators was established by immunolabeling primary pulmonary fibroblasts with monoclonal antibody im7 against murine cd44, the sialidase ...	2007	17276629
emphysematous cholecystitis.		2007	17275419
towards measuring particle-associated fecal indicator bacteria in tropical streams.	a protocol to enumerate particle-associated microbial indicator bacteria (heterotrophic plate count [hpc], enterococci [ent] and clostridium perfringens [cp]) by membrane filtration in a tropical stream is proposed that relies on high-speed homogenization and chemical treatment. application of this protocol to stream samples suggest that ent measurements are more biased by the presence of aggregates than hpc or cp. whole sample treatment typically increased the colony forming units (cfu) count b ...	2007	17270233
a double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans.	to evaluate the bifidogenic efficacy of two inulin doses in healthy human adults.	2007	17268410
carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, oregano oil, and thymol inhibit clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth in ground turkey during chilling.	inhibition of clostridium perfringens by plant-derived carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and oregano oil was evaluated during abusive chilling of cooked ground turkey. test substances were mixed into thawed turkey product at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% (wt/wt) along with a heat-activated three-strain c. perfringens spore cocktail to obtain final spore concentrations of ca. 2.2 to 2.8 log cfu spores per g of turkey meat. aliquots (5 g) of the ground turkey mixtures were vacuum packa ...	2007	17265885
functional analysis of neutralizing antibodies against clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin.	the clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin causes a severe, often fatal illness (enterotoxemia) characterized by cardiac, pulmonary, kidney, and brain edema. in this study, we examined the activities of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the c. perfringens epsilon-toxin. both antibodies inhibited epsilon-toxin cytotoxicity towards cultured mdck cells and inhibited the ability of the toxin to form pores in the plasma membranes of cells, as shown by staining cells with the membrane-impe ...	2007	17261609
comparison of virulence plasmids among clostridium perfringens type e isolates.	clostridium perfringens type e isolates produce iota-toxin, which is encoded by iap and ibp genes. using southern blot analyses, the current study identified iap/ibp plasmids of approximately 97 or approximately 135 kb among eight type e isolates. for most of these isolates, their iap/ibp plasmid also encoded urease and lambda-toxin. however, the beta2-toxin gene, if present, was on a different plasmid from the iap/ibp plasmid. for all isolates, the iap/ibp plasmid carried a tcp locus, strongly ...	2007	17261608
antisense-rna-mediated decreased synthesis of small, acid-soluble spore proteins leads to decreased resistance of clostridium perfringens spores to moist heat and uv radiation.	previous work has suggested that a group of alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasp) is involved in the resistance of clostridium perfringens spores to moist heat. however, this suggestion is based on the analysis of c. perfringens spores lacking only one of the three genes encoding alpha/beta-type sasp in this organism. we have now used antisense rna to decrease levels of alpha/beta-type sasp in c. perfringens spores by approximately 90%. these spores had significantly reduced ...	2007	17259355
fatal massive hemolysis as the first manifestation of clostridium perfringens septicemia in a patient with non-systematic or local predisposing disorder.	we report a case of fulminant massive hemolysis due to clostridium perfringens septicemia in an elderly patient with non-systematic or local predisposing disorder. the patient presented with atypical symptoms but the progress of the disease was extremely rapid and he died almost 3h after his hospital admission. a focal infection or a possible portal of bacterial access was not found.	2007	17222573
microbial evaluation of some heat treated turkey products at different processing stages.	random samples at the three processing stages of turkey keshta, turkey rosto, turkey luncheon and turkey frankfurter (20 samples for each stage were collected). for luncheon and frankfurter, 20 samples of each of thighs and breast represents the 1 st stage of processing were also taken. these samples were obtained from some meat processing plants at alexandria province to make a total of 280 samples. the samples were examined microbiologically and the results revealed that, the total aerobic bac ...	1999	17216949
both epsilon-toxin and beta-toxin are important for the lethal properties of clostridium perfringens type b isolates in the mouse intravenous injection model.	clostridium perfringens is capable of producing up to 15 toxins, including alpha-toxin (cpa), beta-toxin (cpb), epsilon-toxin (etx), enterotoxin, beta2-toxin (cpb2), and perfringolysin o. type b isolates, which must produce cpa, cpb, and etx, are associated with animal illnesses characterized by sudden death or acute neurological signs, with or without intestinal damage. type b pathogenesis in ruminants is poorly understood, with some animals showing lesions and clinical signs similar to those c ...	2007	17210666
changing a single amino acid in clostridium perfringens beta-toxin affects the efficiency of heterologous secretion by bacillus subtilis.	achieving efficient heterologous protein production and secretion by bacillus subtilis is an attractive prospect, although often disappointingly low yields are reached. the expression of detoxified clostridium perfringens beta-toxin (beta-toxoid) is exemplary for this. although beta-toxin can be efficiently expressed and secreted by bacillus subtilis, the genetically detoxified, and industrially interesting, beta-toxoid variant is difficult to obtain in high amounts. to optimize the expression o ...	2007	17209068
activities of four frog skin-derived antimicrobial peptides (temporin-1dra, temporin-1va and the melittin-related peptides ar-23 and rv-23) against anaerobic bacteria.	the activities of two antimicrobial peptides belonging to the temporin family (temporin-1dra from rana draytonii and temporin-1va from rana virgatipes) and two peptides with structural similarity to the bee venom peptide melittin (ar-23 from rana tagoi and rv-23 from r. draytonii) were evaluated against a range of reference strains and clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. these peptides were selected because they show broad-spectrum growth inhibitory activity against reference strains of sev ...	2007	17196372
the beta-defensin gallinacin-6 is expressed in the chicken digestive tract and has antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens.	food-borne pathogens are responsible for most cases of food poisoning in developed countries and are often associated with poultry products, including chicken. little is known about the role of beta-defensins in the chicken digestive tract and their efficacy. in this study, the expression of chicken beta-defensin gallinacin-6 (gal-6) and its antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens were investigated. reverse transcription-pcr analysis showed high expression of gal-6 mrna in the esopha ...	2007	17194828
[structure-function and mode of action of major toxins from clostridium perfringens].		2006	17191692
massive intravascular hemolysis in a patient infected by a clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens infection is a very rare cause of massive intravascular hemolysis, but it should always be kept in mind, since only early treatment can rescue patients from an otherwise rapidly fatal outcome. we report a case of a 78-year-old diabetic male who was admitted complaining of general fatigue, dark red urine, and vomiting. his blood revealed massive hemolysis. computer tomography demonstrated huge liver abscess in the right lobe of the liver. about 1 h after admission, he sudd ...	2006	17189980
detection of fibronectin-binding proteins in clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic spore-forming pathogen of humans and animals. c. perfringens type a strains, 13, cpn50, and nctc8237, isolated from human gas gangrene, bound specifically to human fi bronectin (fn). the trypsin-treatment of the bacterial cells significantly reduced the fn-binding. a ligand blotting analysis of all three c. perfringens strains revealed that 5 protein bands of 34 kda, 29 kda, 26 kda, 17 kda, and 12 kda specifically bound to biotinylated fn. these results su ...	2006	17189979
microbiological baseline study of broiler chickens at swedish slaughterhouses.	this 1-year study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and concentrations of pathogenic and indicator bacteria on swedish broiler chickens. a total of 636 chilled carcasses were collected from 10 slaughterhouses and sent to the national food administration for analyses of carcass rinses. no carcasses were positive for salmonella. campylobacter, predominantly campylobacter jejuni, were detected on 15% (by enrichment) or 14% (by direct plating) of the carcasses. with one exception, all samples ...	2006	17186653
role of tyr306 in the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin for modulation of tight junction.	we previously reported that the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) is a novel type of absorption enhancer that interacts with claudin-4 and that tyr306 of c-cpe plays a role in ability of c-cpe to modulate barrier of tight junctions. in the current study, to investigate effects of tyr306 on the c-cpe activity, we prepared some c-cpe mutants substituted tyr306 with trp (y306w), phe (y306f) and lys (y306k). we found that y306w and y306f mutants of c-cpe had claudin- ...	2007	17169334
antiparasitic drug nitazoxanide inhibits the pyruvate oxidoreductases of helicobacter pylori, selected anaerobic bacteria and parasites, and campylobacter jejuni.	nitazoxanide (ntz) exhibits broad-spectrum activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites and the ulcer-causing pathogen helicobacter pylori. here we show that ntz is a noncompetitive inhibitor (k(i), 2 to 10 microm) of the pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductases (pfors) of trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis, clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens, h. pylori, and campylobacter jejuni and is weakly active against the pyruvate dehydrogenase of esch ...	2007	17158936
detection of a group ii intron without an open reading frame in the alpha-toxin gene of clostridium perfringens isolated from a broiler chicken.	a dna insertion of 834 bp, designated cpf-g2im, was identified within the alpha toxin gene (cpa) of clostridium perfringens strain cpbc16ml, isolated from a broiler chicken. sequence analysis of cpf-g2im indicated that it was integrated 340 nucleotides downstream of the start codon of cpa. however, the insertion did not abolish the phospholipase c and hemolytic activities of cpbc16ml. to investigate the expression of its alpha toxin, the intact copy of cpa was cloned into an expression vector an ...	2007	17158682
prevalence of some bacteria yeasts and molds in meat foods in san luis, argentina.	in this work we evaluate the microbiological quality and the hygiene degree of meat foods consumed in the city of san luis. a total of 515 meat food samples (315 from fresh sausages, 100 from hamburgers and 100 from ground beef) were processed, being the most of them non-industrial products. the microbiological quality was determined by counts of total mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, escherichia coli, molds and yeasts, and clostridium perfringens. the number of total mesophilic aerobes was withi ...	2006	17152228
intra-storm variability in microbial partitioning and microbial loading rates.	association with particles in the water column can have a significant impact on microbial fate and transport. this study analyzed multiple stormwater samples taken throughout the duration of three separate storms (at two different sites) to evaluate the fraction of microbes partitioning to denser "settleable" particles and to examine how partitioning behavior varied over the course of a storm. intra-storm sampling also allowed for estimates of microbial loading rates (both total and particle-ass ...	2007	17141293
probiotic properties of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract.	one strain of lactobacillus salivarius, two strains of lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus amylovorus, and two strains of bifidobacterium thermacidophilum with antagonistic effect against clostridium perfringens were isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. isolates were assayed for their ability to survive in synthetic gastric juice at ph 2.5 and were examined for their ability to grow on agar plate containing porcine bile extract. there was a large variation in the survival of the iso ...	2007	17136367
[the influence of amps from hacat keratinocytes on some bacteria strains derived from skin changes].	the aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of protein extracts from hacat cell line against bacterial strains, isolated from clinical materials, obtained from patients with clinical symptoms of acne (propionibacterium acnes) and gas gangrene (clostridium perfringens and sterptococcus pyogenes). reference strain of staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923 also was used. protein extracts from cultured hacat cells were obtained by 3-fold freezing/defreezing cells in dry ice following by c ...	2006	17133910
systematic environmental evaluations to identify food safety differences between outbreak and nonoutbreak restaurants.	restaurants are important settings for foodborne disease transmission. the environmental health specialists network (ehs-net) was established to identify underlying factors contributing to disease outbreaks and to translate those findings into improved prevention efforts. from june 2002 through june 2003, ehs-net conducted systematic environmental evaluations in 22 restaurants in which outbreaks had occurred and 347 restaurants in which outbreaks had not occurred. norovirus was the most common f ...	2006	17133814
[spontaneous gaseous gangrene of the pancreas and pneumoperitoneum without visceral perforation due to clostridium perfringens].		2006	17129541
the expression of clostridium perfringens consensus beta2 toxin is associated with bovine enterotoxaemia syndrome.	clostridium perfringens has been implicated in a broad array of enteric infections including the fatal haemorrhagic enteritis/enterotoxaemia syndrome in cattle. the beta2 toxin (cpb2), encoded by cpb2, is suspected to be implicated in this syndrome. however, among c. perfringens isolates from cattle suspected of clostridial disease, an atypical allele was recently found to predominate at the cpb2 locus and atypical corresponding cpb2 proteins were shown to be poorly expressed, thus arguing again ...	2007	17126502
simple multichannel system for the measurement of the net water flux across biological tissues.	this paper describes the development of a simple system for measurement of net water movement through biological membrane barriers. the system is based on the detection of a water meniscus inside a polyethylene tube, which reflects the water movement inside one hemichamber of a modified ussing chamber containing a membrane barrier. the detection device consists of a commercial computer-controlled flat bed scanner and specifically developed software. this system allows one to perform a relatively ...	2007	17113182
[a study to assess the microbial contamination of mya arenaria clams from the north shore of the st lawrence river estuary, (québec, canada)].	the aims of the present study were to assess the microbial quality of mya arenaria clams from the north shore of the st. lawrence river estuary and to validate various microbial indicator microorganisms of bivalve mollusks contamination. clams were collected from nine sites, including four harvesting sites closed by virtue of the canadian shellfish sanitation program (cssp). six contamination indicators (fecal coliforms, somatic coliphages, f-specific coliphages, fecal streptococci, clostridium ...	2006	17110967
enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens and sporadic diarrhoea: a study from an indian tertiary care hospital.		2006	17108285
haemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: possible role of clostridium perfringens type a in the disease complex.	a survey based on clinical, pathological and microbiological investigations was performed on 11 brown swiss cattle affected with depression, anorexia, agalaxia, ruminal hypomotility, abdominal pain and melaena. in eight animals, macroscopical lesions consisted in haemorrhagic enteritis in the small intestine. seven of eight isolates from tissue samples were identified as clostridum perfringens type a, and four were identified as c. perfringens type a with the beta2 toxin gene. based on these obs ...	2006	17105573
massive hemolysis associated with clostridium perfringens sepsis.		2006	17098117
role of tyrosine residues in modulation of claudin-4 by the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.	the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) modulates the barrier function of claudin-4 via its c-terminal 16 amino acids. in the current study, we investigated the roles of tyrosine residues (y306, y310 and y312) in this region in the modulation of tjs by c-cpe. single mutations of y306, y310 and y312 to alanine resulted in partial reduction of claudin-4 binding. we also prepared double mutants of c-cpe to further evaluate the roles of these tyrosine residues. replace ...	2007	17097620
clostridial enteropathy in lactating outbred swiss-derived (icr) mice.	reports of severe enteric disease of unknown etiology affecting lactating mice have appeared in the literature. clostridial disease similar to that seen in cattle and sheep on high-carbohydrate rations and caused by clostridium perfringens has been suspected in these mouse outbreaks but has not been isolated from affected mice. the present report describes a severe, necrotizing enterocolitis associated with overgrowth of c. perfringens type a in lactating swiss-derived (nd4) mice. mice nursing l ...	2006	17089998
use of a combination of brushing technique and the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method as a novel, rapid, and safe system for detection of helicobacter pylori.	gastric mucosal biopsy is widely used in the detection of helicobacter pylori but is associated with a number of problems, including false-negative results due to sampling error and massive bleeding after biopsy. given the extended period required to culture h. pylori, detection would be further improved by the use of rapid detection methods such as pcr. here, we developed a rapid, safe, and convenient method for collecting h. pylori which combines endoscopic brushing with the loop-mediated isot ...	2006	17088368
detection of cholesterol-rich microdomains in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane.	the c-terminal domain (d4) of perfringolysin o binds selectively to cholesterol in cholesterol-rich microdomains. to address the issue of whether cholesterol-rich microdomains exist in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, we expressed d4 as a fusion protein with egfp in mef cells. more than half of the egfp-d4 expressed in stable cell clones was bound to membranes in raft fractions. depletion of membrane cholesterol with beta-cyclodextrin reduced the amount of egfp-d4 localized in raft frac ...	2006	17083918
sensitive quantitative detection of commensal bacteria by rrna-targeted reverse transcription-pcr.	a sensitive rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) method was developed for exact and sensitive enumeration of subdominant bacterial populations. using group- or species-specific primers for 16s or 23s rrna, analytical curves were constructed for escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the threshold cycle value was found to be linear up to an rna amount of 10(-3) cell per rt-pcr. the number o ...	2007	17071791
clostridium perfringens antigens recognized by broiler chickens immune to necrotic enteritis.	little is known about immunity to necrotic enteritis (ne) in chickens. a recent study of broiler chickens showed that protection against ne was associated with infection-immunization with virulent but not with avirulent clostridium perfringens. in the current study, six secreted antigenic proteins unique to virulent c. perfringens that reacted to serum antibodies from immune birds were identified by mass spectrophotometry; three of these proteins are part of the virr-virs regulon.	2006	17065258
rapid separation and concentration of food-borne pathogens in food samples prior to quantification by viable-cell counting and real-time pcr.	buoyant density gradient centrifugation has been used to separate bacteria from complex food matrices, as well as to remove compounds that inhibit rapid detection methods, such as pcr, and to prevent false-positive results due to dna originating from dead cells. applying a principle of buoyant density gradient centrifugation, we developed a method for rapid separation and concentration following filtration and low- and high-speed centrifugation, as well as flotation and sedimentation buoyant den ...	2007	17056684
substitutions of amino acids in alpha-helix-4 of gyrase a confer fluoroquinolone resistance on clostridium perfringens.	dna gyrase, an essential enzyme that regulates dna topology in bacteria, is the target of fluoroquinolones. three fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants derived from one strain of clostridium perfringens had amino acid substitutions of glycine 81 to cysteine, aspartic acid 87 to tyrosine, or both, in alpha-helix-4 of gyrase a. the gyrase mutations affected the growth kinetics of mutants differently when the mutants were exposed to increasing concentrations of gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin. fluoroqui ...	2007	17051403
effects of lactitol on intestinal microflora and plasma endotoxin in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.	to investigate the effects of lactitol on intestinal flora and the levels of plasma endotoxin in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.	2007	17049992
comparative effects of osmotic, sodium nitrite-induced, and ph-induced stress on growth and survival of clostridium perfringens type a isolates carrying chromosomal or plasmid-borne enterotoxin genes.	about 1 to 2% of clostridium perfringens isolates carry the enterotoxin gene (cpe) necessary for causing c. perfringens type a food poisoning. while the cpe gene can be either chromosomal or plasmid borne, food poisoning isolates usually carry a chromosomal cpe gene. previous studies have linked this association between chromosomal cpe isolates (i.e., c-cpe isolates) and food poisoning, at least in part, to both the spores and vegetative cells of c-cpe isolates being particularly resistant to hi ...	2006	17041163
expression of germination-related enzymes, cspa, cspb, cspc, slec, and slem, of clostridium perfringens s40 in the mother cell compartment of sporulating cells.	in clostridium perfringens s40, spore germination-specific enzymes are synthesized during sporulation. previous reports have demonstrated that two cortex-lytic enzymes, slec and slem, and a component of germination-specific protease, cspc, are located outside the cortex as an integral part of the dormant spore. in the present study, we examined the time and compartment of these enzymes' gene expression using reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and fluorescence microscopy on green fluorescence pro ...	2006	17038794
microbial exposure assessment of an urban recreational lake: a case study of the application of new risk-based guidelines.	new who and australian guidelines promote a risk-management approach for minimising exposure to pathogens in recreational waters. between 2003 and 2005, they were applied to lake parramatta (10 ha, 450 ml), a potential recreation site in sydney, australia. a three stage approach was developed involving (1) initial suitability assessment using historic data, (2) revised suitability assessment based on new data and (3) characterisation of hazardous (especially wet weather) events. contrary to the ...	2006	17037160
[expression of alpha-toxin gene of clostridium perfringens type a and its primary immunological protective function].	alpha-toxin gene was amplified from chromosomal dna of clostridium perfringens type a by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pcr product was inserted into vector pgem-t directly. the cloned recombinant plasmid pxcpa02 possesses positive nucleotide sequence of alpha-toxin. a 1.2 kb alpha-toxin gene fragment was cleaved with restriction endonucleases nco i /ecor i from plasmid pxcpa02, and then inserted into an expression vector pet-28c which cleaved with nco i /ecor i by blunt-end ligation. the reco ...	2006	17037067
nosocomial diarrhoea.	toroviruses have been reported as a new cause of nosocomial viral diarrhoea, and the role of astroviruses has been further elucidated. polymerase chain reaction methods promise to improve the diagnosis and understanding of the aetiology and control of hospital-acquired viral gastroenteritis. a clearer picture of the impact and extent of clostridium difficile diarrhoea has emerged, and several control measures have been described. an epidemic clostridium difficile strain and toxin a-deficient str ...	1999	17035796
type iv pili-dependent gliding motility in the gram-positive pathogen clostridium perfringens and other clostridia.	bacteria can swim in liquid media by flagellar rotation and can move on surfaces via gliding or twitching motility. one type of gliding motility involves the extension, attachment and retraction of type iv pili (tfp), which pull the bacterium towards the site of attachment. tfp-dependent gliding motility has been seen in many gram-negative bacteria but not in gram-positive bacteria. recently, the genome sequences of three strains of clostridium perfringens have been completed and we identified g ...	2006	16999833
growth-inhibiting activity of active component isolated from terminalia chebula fruits against intestinal bacteria.	the growth-inhibitory activity of materials derived from the fruit of terminalia chebula was evaluated against six intestinal bacteria by means of an impregnated paper disk agar diffusion method. the butanol fraction of t. chebula extract had profound growth-inhibitory activity at a concentration of 5 mg per disk. the biologically active component isolated from the t. chebula fruits was identified with a variety of spectroscopic analyses as ethanedioic acid. the growth responses varied in accord ...	2006	16995525
the interaction of a carbohydrate-binding module from a clostridium perfringens n-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase with its carbohydrate receptor.	clostridium perfringens is a notable colonizer of the human gastrointestinal tract. this bacterium is quite remarkable for a human pathogen by the number of glycoside hydrolases found in its genome. the modularity of these enzymes is striking as is the frequent occurrence of modules having amino acid sequence identity with family 32 carbohydrate-binding modules (cbms), often referred to as f5/8 domains. here we report the properties of family 32 cbms from a c. perfringens n-acetyl-beta-hexosamin ...	2006	16990278
association between gizzard lesions and increased caecal clostridium perfringens counts in broiler chickens.	the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mucosal gizzard lesions and caecal clostridium perfringens counts. gross pathological changes in the gizzard and small intestine, and caecal c. perfringens counts from 1217 meat-type chickens were recorded during the course of six experiments and were statistically analysed. c. perfringens counts increased significantly (p < 0.001) with the severity of mucosal gizzard lesions. mucosal gizzard lesions were more prevalent than necro ...	2006	16990146
electrotransformation of thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus jw200.	electrotransformation of thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus jw200 was achieved using the plasmid, pte16, and a puc-based suicide vector, ptea2. the construct pte16 is based on the escherichia coli-clostridium perfringens shuttle vector pjir715 and contains a thermostable chloramphenicol (cm) resistance cassette. evidence supporting transformation was provided by extracting plasmid pte16 from presumptive transformants of t. ethanolicus and by pcr specific to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat ...	2006	16988780
abscess formation in a giant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach following endoscopic biopsy.		2006	16981124
identification of clostridium species and dna fingerprinting of clostridium perfringens by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis.	an amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) method was applied to 129 strains representing 24 different clostridium species, with special emphasis on pathogenic clostridia of medical or veterinary interest, to assess the potential of aflp for identification of clostridia. in addition, the ability of the same aflp protocol to type clostridia at the strain level was assessed by focusing on clostridium perfringens strains. all strains were typeable by aflp, so the method seemed to overcome the ...	2006	16971642
[massive haemolysis: a rare manifestation of sepsis due to clostridium perfringens].	a 59-year-old man was admitted to the hospital to be operated on for carcinoma of the pancreas. during the operation, it turned out that resection ofthe tumour was not possible. therefore, a double bypass was created for palliation: hepaticojejunostomy and duodenojejunostomy. the postoperative course was complicated by a fulminant sepsis accompanied by massive intravascular haemolysis. this is a rare and often fatal complication of a clostridium perfringens sepsis. the patient was given antibiot ...	2006	16970015
effect of tea phenolics and their aromatic fecal bacterial metabolites on intestinal microbiota.	tea is rich in polyphenols and other phenolics that have been widely reported to have beneficial health effects. however, dietary polyphenols are not completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and are metabolized by the gut microflora so that they and their metabolites may accumulate to exert physiological effects. in this study, we investigated the influence of the phenolic components of a tea extract and their aromatic metabolites upon bacterial growth. fecal homogenates containing ba ...	2006	16962743
probiotics stimulate production of natural antibodies in chickens.	commensal bacteria in the intestine play an important role in the development of immune response. these bacteria interact with cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (galt). among cells of the galt, b-1 cells are of note. these cells are involved in the production of natural antibodies. in the present study, we determined whether manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by administration of probiotics, which we had previously shown to enhance specific systemic antibody response, could aff ...	2006	16960107
heterologous production and secretion of clostridium perfringens beta-toxoid in closely related gram-positive hosts.	the spore forming bacterium clostridium perfringens is a widely occurring pathogen. vaccines against c. perfringens type b and c are currently manufactured using beta-toxin secreted by virulent c. perfringens strains. large-scale production of vaccines from virulent strains requires stringent safety conditions and costly detoxification and control steps. therefore, it would be beneficial to produce this toxin in a safe production host and in an immunogenic, but non-toxic form (toxoid). for high- ...	2007	16959352
complementation of a clostridium perfringens spo0a mutant with wild-type spo0a from other clostridium species.	to evaluate whether c. perfringens can be used as a model organism for studying the sporulation process in other clostridia, c. perfringens spo0a mutant ih101 was complemented with wild-type spo0a from four different clostridium species. wild-type spo0a from c. acetobutylicum or c. tetani, but not from c. botulinum or c. difficile, restored sporulation and enterotoxin production in ih101. the ability of spo0a from c. botulinum or c. difficile to complement the lack of spore formation in ih101 mi ...	2006	16957268
a quantitative electrochemiluminescence assay for clostridium perfringens alpha toxin.	described is a rapid direct sandwich format electrochemiluminescence assay for identifying and assaying clostridium perfringens alpha toxin. biotinylated antibodies to c. perfringens alpha toxin bound to streptavidin paramagnetic beads specifically immunoadsorbed soluble sample alpha toxin which subsequently selectively immunoadsorbed ruthenium (ru)-labeled detection antibodies. the ruthenium chelate of detection antibodies chemically reacted in the presence of tripropylamine and upon electronic ...	2006	16949539
[claudin as a novel target for drug delivery system].	recent remarkable progress in genomic novel drug discovery enables us to prepare drug candidates with tremendous diversity in a high-throughput-manner. in clinical use of these candidates, they should be effectively delivered to a target-tissue in body. but delivery systems suitable for the high-throughput discovery of drugs have never been established. tight junctions (tjs) play a pivotal role in compartmentation of each tissues and maintenance of their intra-circumstances. claudin, a membrane ...	2006	16946585
a novel strategy for a drug delivery system using a claudin modulator.	with the continued progress in genomic drug discovery, the high-throughput production of drug candidates has become possible, and thus today there are a number of candidates that are extremely effective both in cell-free and in cell models. however, a drug delivery system suitable for the high-throughput production has yet to be fully developed. in tissues, the tight junction (tj) plays a pivotal role as both a barrier to restrict various substances and in intra-tissue maintenance. claudin, a ca ...	2006	16946486
thermal inactivation of bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens vegetative cells and spores in pork luncheon roll.	the aim of this study was to design a thermal treatment(s) for pork luncheon roll, which would destroy bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens vegetative cells and spores. b. cereus and c. perfringens vegetative and spore cocktails were used to inoculate luncheon meat. samples were subjected to different temperatures and removal times. the decimal-reduction times (d-values) were calculated by linear regression analysis (d = -1/slope of a plot of log surviving cells versus time). the log(10) ...	2006	16943086
antimicrobial properties of salt (nacl) used for the preservation of natural casings.	the antimicrobial properties of salt (nacl) used for the preservation of natural casings were studied by investigating the survival of six bacterial species in natural casings at different water activity (aw) levels. individual sheep casings were inoculated with ca. 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu) g(-1) of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens and 10(2)cfu g(-1) of e. coli o157:h7. the casings were stored at 20+/-1.5 deg ...	2006	16943065
delayed clostridium perfringens growth from a spore inocula by sodium lactate in sous-vide chicken products.	clostridium perfringens growth from a spore inoculum was investigated in vacuum-packaged, cook-in-bag marinated chicken breast that included 0%, 1.5%, 3%, or 4.8% sodium lactate (nal; w/w). the packages were processed to an internal temperature of 71.1 degrees c, ice chilled and stored at 4, 19, and 25 degrees c. the total c. perfringens population was determined by plating diluted samples on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar followed by anaerobic incubation for 48 h at 37 degrees c. at 25 degre ...	2006	16942993
lessons from the organization of a proficiency testing program in food microbiology by interlaboratory comparison: analytical methods in use, impact of methods on bacterial counts and measurement uncertainty of bacterial counts.	the proficiency testing program in food microbiology raema (réseau d'analyses et d'echanges en microbiologie des aliments), created in 1988, currently includes 450 participating laboratories. this interlaboratory comparison establishes proficiency in detection of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes, as well as enumeration of aerobic micro-organisms, enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, beta-glucuronidase-positive escherichia coli, anaerobic sulfito-reducing bacteria, clostridium perfringens, coagula ...	2006	16942983
characterization of a carbohydrate epitope defined by the monoclonal antibody h185: sialic acid o-acetylation on epithelial cell-surface mucins.	sialic acids comprise a large family of derivatives of neuraminic acid containing methyl, acetyl, sulfate, and phosphate among other groups, which confer specific physicochemical properties (e.g., hydrophobicity and resistance to hydrolases) to the molecules carrying them. several years ago, a monoclonal antibody, designated h185, was developed, which binds to cell membranes of human corneal, conjunctival, laryngeal, and vaginal epithelia and whose distribution is altered on the ocular surface o ...	2006	16940404
dissecting the contributions of clostridium perfringens type c toxins to lethality in the mouse intravenous injection model.	the gram-positive anaerobe clostridium perfringens produces a large arsenal of toxins that are responsible for histotoxic and enteric infections, including enterotoxemias, in humans and domestic animals. c. perfringens type c isolates, which cause rapidly fatal diseases in domestic animals and enteritis necroticans in humans, contain the genes for alpha toxin (plc), perfringolysin o (pfoa), beta toxin (cpb), and sometimes beta2 toxin (cpb2) and/or enterotoxin (cpe). due to the economic impact of ...	2006	16926413
construction and analysis of chromosomal clostridium difficile mutants.	clostridium difficile is an emerging nosocomial pathogen of increasing importance and virulence but our ability to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of c. difficile-associated disease has been limited because of a lack of tools for its genetic manipulation. we have now developed a reproducible method for the targeted insertional inactivation of chromosomal c. difficile genes. the approach relies on the observation that an escherichia coli-clostridium perfringens shuttle ...	2006	16925561
alpha-toxin of clostridium perfringens is not an essential virulence factor in necrotic enteritis in chickens.	the clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin has previously been implicated as the major virulence factor in necrotic enteritis in chickens, although definitive proof has not been reported. in this study an alpha-toxin mutant was constructed in a virulent chicken isolate and shown to retain full virulence in a chicken disease model. these results demonstrated that alpha-toxin is not an essential virulence factor in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in chickens.	2006	16923791