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synthesis and structure of [(?(6)-p-cymene)ru(2-anthracen-9-ylmethylene-n-ethylhydrazinecarbothioamide)cl]cl; biological evaluation, topoisomerase ii inhibition and reaction with dna and human serum albumin.we have synthesized and evaluated the biological properties of a compound of the type [?(6)-p-cymene)ru(etatsc)cl]cl (1) where etatsc = 2-anthracen-9-ylmethylene-n-ethylhydrazinecarbothioamide, a thiosemicarbazone. the complex has been characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopically (nmr, uv-vis, and ir) and structurally by xrd. the in vitro anticancer activity of 1 has been evaluated against two human colon cancer cell lines. the ic(50) value for activity against hct-116 was 224 ± 7 µm a ...201121347491
effectiveness of chitosan against mature biofilms formed by food related bacteria.chitosan has proven antimicrobial properties against planktonic cell growth. little is known, however, about its effects on already established biofilms. oriented for application in food industry disinfection, the effectiveness of both medium molecular weight (mmw) chitosan and its enzymatically hydrolyzed product was tested against mature biofilms of four pathogenic strains, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus and salmonella enterica, and a food spoilage species, pseu ...201121340015
akara ogbomoso: microbiological examination and identification of hazards and critical control points.akara ogbomoso was examined toward the establishment of hazard analysis and critical control point (haccp). the akara was produced in residential buildings with the attendant consequence of contamination. there was ample growth of aerobes, coliforms, staphylococci, shigella and yeast/mold from the samples, water and cowpea pastes. microbial contaminations occur through the processing, which can be corrected through education by adopting good hygienic and manufacturing practices. the critical con ...201021339157
current physical and sds extraction methods do not efficiently remove exosporium proteins from bacillus anthracis spores.biochemical studies of the outermost spore layers of the bacillus cereus family are hindered by difficulties in efficient dispersal of the external spore layers and difficulties in dissociating protein complexes that comprise the exosporium layer. detergent and physical methods have been utilized to disrupt the exosporium layer. herein we compare commonly used sds extraction buffers used to extract spore proteins and demonstrate the incomplete extractability of the exosporium layer by these meth ...201121338631
meta-analysis of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents: causative organisms and possible prevention strategies.: to report the rates of endophthalmitis and the spectrum of causative organisms after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and possible prevention strategies.201121330939
[fatal bacillus cereus sepsis and rhabdomyolysis in a patient with hodgkin's disease]. 201121324561
a flagellin-producing lactococcus strain: interactions with mucin and enteropathogens.bacillus cereus ch is a probiotic strain used in human nutrition whose adhesion to mucin is dependent on its surface-associated flagellin. flagellins from the surface of several probiotic bacillus strains were efficiently extracted with 5 m licl and identified by peptide fingerprinting. based on the proteomic analysis, cloning of the gene coding for the flagellin of b. cereus ch was performed in the lactococcal vector pnz8110 under the control of a nisin-inducible promoter. the resulting strain, ...201121323981
phenotypic & genetic characterization of bacillus cereus isolated from the acute diarrhoeal patients.bacillus cereus is one of the pathogens responsible for human diarrhoea, mainly due to consumption of contaminated food. the present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of b. cereus among diarrhoeal patients and its phenotypic and genetic characteristics that determine the virulence and clonal features.201121321425
isolation and characterization of cold-active family viii esterases from an arctic soil metagenome.functional screening for lipolytic enzymes at low temperatures resulted in the isolation of the novel cold-active esterases, estm-n1 and estm-n2, from a metagenomic dna library of arctic soil samples. estm-n1 and estm-n2 were 395 and 407 amino acids in length, respectively, and showed the highest similarity to class c β-lactamases. however, they shared a relatively low level of sequence similarity (30%) with each other. phylogenetic analysis of bacterial lipolytic enzymes confirmed that estm-n1 ...201121318360
inhibitory spectra and modes of antimicrobial action of gallotannins from mango kernels (mangifera indica l.).this study investigated the antimicrobial activities and modes of action of penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, and deca-o-galloylglucose (gallotannins) isolated from mango kernels. the mics and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) against food-borne bacteria and fungi were determined using a critical dilution assay. gram-positive bacteria were generally more susceptible to gallotannins than were gram-negative bacteria. the mics of gallotannins against bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, ...201121317249
the effect of lemongrass oil and its major components on clinical isolate mastitis pathogens and their mechanisms of action on staphylococcus aureus dmst 4745.the aims of this study were to investigate the antibacterial activity of lemongrass oil (lg) and its major components which were citral, geraniol and myrcene, against four strains of clinically isolated bovine mastitis pathogens, including staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus agalactiae, bacillus cereus and escherichia coli by the broth microdilution method, as well as their activity on s. aureus biofilm formation. attempts to clarify their mechanisms of action by investigation of the effects on ...201121316719
combined effect of lysozyme and nisin at different incubation temperature and mild heat treatment on the probability of time to growth of bacillus cereus.stochastic models can be useful to predict the risk of foodborne illness. the presence of bacillus cereus in liquid egg can pose a serious hazard to the food industry, since a mild heat treatment cannot guarantee its complete inactivation. however, most of the information available in the scientific literature is deterministic, including growth of b. cereus. in this paper, a stochastic approach to evaluate growth of b. cereus cells influenced by different stresses (presence of nisin and lysozyme ...201021315988
spores of bacillus cereus strain kbab4 produced at 10 °c and 30 °c display variations in their properties.spores of the psychrotrophic bacillus cereus kbab4 strain were produced at 10 °c and 30 °c in fermentors. spores produced at 30 °c were more resistant to wet heat at 85 °c, 1% glutaraldehyde, 5% hydrogen peroxide, 1m naoh and pulsed light at fluences between 0.5 and 1.75 jcm(-2) and to a lesser extent to monochromatic uv-c at 254 nm. no difference in resistance to 0.25 mm formaldehyde, 1m nitrous acid and 0.025 gl(-1) calcium hypochlorite was observed. spores produced at 10 °c germinated more ef ...201021315986
transcriptional kinetic analyses of cereulide synthetase genes with respect to growth, sporulation and emetic toxin production in bacillus cereus.in light of the increasing number of serious food borne outbreaks caused by emetic bacillus cereus, a better understanding of the cereulide synthetase (ces) gene expression and toxin synthesis is required. here, the relative expression levels of three ces genes (cesp, cesa and cesb) were investigated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription pcr in relation to growth, degree of sporulation and toxin production of the emetic reference strain b. cereus f4810/72 and the weakly emetic strai ...201021315985
characterization of germination and outgrowth of sorbic acid-stressed bacillus cereus atcc 14579 spores: phenotype and transcriptome analysis.sorbic acid (sa) is widely used as a preservative, but the effect of sa on spore germination and outgrowth has gained limited attention up to now. therefore, the effect of sorbic acid on germination of spores of bacillus cereus strain atcc 14579 was analyzed both at phenotype and transcriptome level. spore germination and outgrowth were assessed at ph 5.5 without and with 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 mm (final concentrations) undissociated sorbic acid (hsa). this resulted in distinct hsa concentration-depe ...201021315984
biodiversity of psychrotrophic bacteria of the bacillus cereus group collected on farm and in egg product industry.the aim of the present study was (i) to type, by genotypic and phenotypic methods, a collection of psychrotrophic bacteria belonging to the bacillus cereus group collected in a farm and in 6 egg breaking industries during a period covering a warm and a cold season, and (ii) to characterize the egg product spoilage (growth in liquid whole egg) and the sanitary risk potential (cytotoxic activity on caco-2 cells and adhesion on stainless steel) of each isolate of the collection. the investigation o ...201021315982
a mixed-species microarray for identification of food spoilage bacilli.failure of food preservation is frequently caused by thermostable spores of members of the bacillaceae family, which show a wide spectrum of resistance to cleaning and preservation treatments. we constructed and validated a mixed-species genotyping array for 6 bacillus species, including bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus pumilus, bacillus sporothermodurans, bacillus cereus and bacillus coagulans, and 4 geobacillus species, including geobacillus stearothermophilus, geobacillus t ...201021315980
extended and global phylogenetic view of the bacillus cereus group population by combination of mlst, aflp, and mlee genotyping data.the bacillus cereus group of bacteria includes species that can cause food-poisoning or spoilage, such as b. cereus, as well as bacillus anthracis, the cause of anthrax. in the present report we have conducted a multi-datatype analysis using tools from the hypercat database (http://mlstoslo.uio.no/) that we recently developed, combining data from multilocus sequence typing (tourasse et al., 2010), amplified fragment length polymorphism, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis typing techniques. we ...201021315979
germination and outgrowth of spores of bacillus cereus group members: diversity and role of germinant receptors.bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming toxicogenic human pathogen. endospores are highly specialized, metabolically dormant cell types that are resistant to extreme environmental conditions, including heat, dehydration and other physical stresses. b. cereus can enter a range of environments, and can in its spore form, survive harsh conditions. if these conditions become favorable, spores can germinate and grow out and reach considerable numbers in a range of ...201021315974
isolation and characterization of phages infecting bacillus cereus.to isolate and characterize bacteriophages (phages) that infect the foodborne pathogen bacillus cereus.201121299576
lactate dehydrogenase a promotes communication between carbohydrate catabolism and virulence in bacillus cereus.the diarrheal potential of a bacillus cereus strain is essentially dictated by the amount of secreted nonhemolytic enterotoxin (nhe). expression of genes encoding nhe is regulated by several factors, including the metabolic state of the cells. to identify metabolic sensors that could promote communication between central metabolism and nhe expression, we compared four strains of the b. cereus group in terms of metabolic and nhe expression capacities. we performed growth performance measurements, ...201121296961
preparation, characterization and in vitro release study of carvacrol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles.the fabrication of carvacrol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles was achieved by a two-step method, i.e., oil-in-water emulsion and ionic gelation of chitosan with pentasodium tripolyphosphate. the obtained particles possessed encapsulation efficiency (ee) and loading capacity (lc) in the ranges of 14-31% and 3-21%, respectively, when the initial carvacrol content was 0.25-1.25 g/g of chitosan. the individual particles exhibited a spherical shape with an average diameter of 40-80 nm, and a positively ...201121296562
biodegradation of phenanthrene using adapted microbial consortium isolated from petrochemical contaminated environment.in developing countries like india, there are many industrial areas discharging effluent containing large amount of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (pah) which causes hazardous effect on the soil-water environment. the objective of this study was to isolate and characterize high-efficiency pah-degrading microbial consortium from 3 decade old petrochemical refinery field located in nagpur, maharashtra with history of pah disposal. based on biochemical tests and 16s rdna gene sequence analysis the consor ...201121281999
green pigment from bacillus cereus m(1)(16) (mtcc 5521): production parameters and antibacterial activity.a bacterial strain, bacillus cereus m(1)(16) (mtcc 5521), isolated and identified in our laboratory produces a green pigment when grown in nutrient broth at stationary condition. optimum fermentation parameters for maximum pigment production are ph 7.0, temperature 30°c, time of incubation 72 h and inoculum volume 1% from 20 h grown cell suspension. magnesium ion enhances pigment production whereas calcium and zinc ions inhibit the process. the pigment is better extracted from the fermented brot ...201121279697
impact of sorbic acid on germinant receptor-dependent and -independent germination pathways in bacillus cereus.amino acid- and inosine-induced germination of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 spores was reversibly inhibited in the presence of 3 mm undissociated sorbic acid. exposure to high hydrostatic pressure, ca-dipicolinic acid (dpa), and bryostatin, an activator of prkc kinase, negated this inhibition, pointing to specific blockage of signal transduction in germinant receptor-mediated germination.201121278268
antifungal activity displayed by cereulide, the emetic toxin produced by bacillus cereus.in this study, the fungistatic activity of bacillus cereus cereulide-producing strains was demonstrated against nine fungal species. the role of cereulide was confirmed using plasmid-cured derivatives and ces knockout mutants. the fungistatic spectra of cereulide and valinomycin, a chemically related cyclododecadepsipeptide, were also compared and found to be similar but distinct.201121278263
using an insect model to assess correlation between temperature and virulence in bacillus weihenstephanensis and bacillus cereus.the closely related bacterial species bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis are adapted to the mesophilic and the psychrotrophic temperature range, respectively. while b. cereus strains are associated with foodborne diseases, b. weihenstephanensis strains are so far not, although similar virulence genes are found in both species. our investigations show that both species were virulent in the insect model, galleria mellonella, following infection via oral and haemocoel routes. however, ...201121276046
analysis of bacterial communities of traditional fermented west african cereal foods using culture independent methods.in this study, the microbial composition of kunu-zaki and ogi, two popular foods in nigeria produced after natural, uncontrolled fermentation of cereals, was assessed by culture-independent molecular profiling methods. in particular, pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and construction of 16s rrna gene clone libraries revealed the presence of diverse bacterial communities. dna sequencing of the highly variable v3 region of the 16s rrna genes obtained from pcr-dgge fingerprints identified ...201121272950
development of oscillation method for reducing foodborne pathogens on lettuce and spinach.in this study, the efficacy of an oscillator for reducing the numbers of foodborne pathogens on lettuce and spinach was tested. a cocktail of three strains each of salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes cells and of bacillus cereus spores was inoculated onto lettuce and spinach leaves and followed by oscillation at 10 hz and 20 hz for up to 30s. after treatment of inoculated lettuce leaf with an oscillator at 20 hz for 30s, 2.58, 2.82, 2.21 and 2.22 log(10)cf ...201121269718
erythrophore cell response to food-associated pathogenic bacteria: implications for detection.cell-based biosensors have been proposed for use as function-based detectors of toxic agents. we report the use of betta splendens chromatophore cells, specifically erythrophore cells, for detection of food-associated pathogenic bacteria. evaluation of erythrophore cell response, using bacillus spp., has revealed that this response can distinguish pathogenic bacillus cereus from a non-pathogenic b. cereus δplcr deletion mutant and a non-pathogenic bacillus subtilis. erythrophore cells were expos ...200821261862
induction of natural competence in bacillus cereus atcc14579.natural competence is the ability of certain microbes to take up exogenous dna from the environment and integrate it in their genome. competence development has been described for a variety of bacteria, but has so far not been shown to occur in bacillus cereus. however, orthologues of most proteins involved in natural dna uptake in bacillus subtilis could be identified in b. cereus. here, we report that b. cereus atcc14579 can become naturally competent. when expressing the b. subtilis comk prot ...200821261842
validation of arsenic resistance in bacillus cereus strain ag27 by comparative protein modeling of arsc gene product.the ars gene system provides arsenic resistance to a variety of microorganisms and can be chromosomal or plasmid-borne. the arsc gene, which codes for an arsenate reductase is essential for arsenate resistance and transforms arsenate into arsenite, which is extruded from the cell. therefore, arsc gene from bacillus cereus strain ag27 isolated from soil was amplified, cloned and sequenced. the strain exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration of 40 and 35 mm to sodium arsenate and sodium arseni ...201121258851
studies with bioengineered nisin peptides highlight the broad-spectrum potency of nisin v.nisin a is the most thoroughly investigated member of the lantibiotic family of antimicrobial peptides. in addition to a long history of safe use as a food antimicrobial, its activity against multi-drug resistant pathogens has resulted in a renewed interest in applying nisin as a chemotherapeutic to treat bacterial infections. the wealth of nisin-related information that has been generated has also led to the development of the biotechnological capacity to engineer novel nisin variants with a vi ...201021255345
nature versus nurture in two highly enantioselective esterases from bacillus cereus and thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis.there is an increasing need for the use of biocatalysis to obtain enantiopure compounds as chiral building blocks for drug synthesis such as antibiotics. the principal findings of this study are: (i) the complete sequenced genomes of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 and thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis mb4 contain a hitherto undescribed enantioselective and alkaliphilic esterase (bcest and ttest respectively) that is specific for the production of (r)-2-benzyloxy-propionic acid ethyl ester, a key inte ...201021255307
carijodienone from the octocoral carijoa multiflora. a spiropregnane-based steroid.two new steroids (1 and 2) and the known pregna-1,4,20-trien-3-one (3) have been isolated from the pacific octocoral carijoa multiflora. compound 1 possesses a novel spiropregnane-based steroidal skeleton. the photochemical transformation of 3 into 1 allowed the assignment of the absolute configuration at c-10 of 1. the antibacterial activities of compounds 1 and 3 were evaluated against a panel of bacterial strains.201121235217
the effects of korean propolis against foodborne pathogens and transmission electron microscopic examination.this study was performed to evaluate the effects of korean propolis against foodborne pathogens and spores of bacillus cereus and to investigate the antimicrobial activity against b. cereus structure by transmission electron microscopy (tem). the antimicrobial effects of the korean propolis were tested against foodborne pathogens including gram-positive (b. cereus, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli and pseudomonas fluore ...201121232643
synergistic antibacterial activity of the essential oil of cuminum cyminum l. seed and nisin in a food model.aims:  to investigate effects of various concentrations of the essential oil of cuminum cyminum l. seed alone and in combination with nisin on survival of vegetative forms of bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis in a food model (commercial barley soup) and their ultrastructure. methods and results:  gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that cumin aldehyde (29·02%) and α-terpinen-7-al (20·70%) constituted the highest amount of the essential oil. the lowest concentration of the ...201121226797
bacillus gaemokensis sp. nov., isolated from foreshore tidal flat sediment from the yellow sea.a gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming organism, strain bl3-6(t), was isolated from tidal flat sediments of the yellow sea in the region of tae-an. a 16s rrna gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the bacillus cereus group, and is closely related to bacillus mycoides (99.0% similarity), bacillus thuringiensis (99.0%), bacillus weihenstephanensis (99.0%), bacillus cereus (98.9%), bacillus anthracis (98.8%), and bacillus pseudomycoides (98.1%). the phylogenetic d ...201021221948
comparative proteome analysis of bacillus anthracis with pxo1 plasmid content.bacillus anthracis the causative agent of anthrax, is an important pathogen among the bacillus cereus group of species because of its physiological characteristics and its importance as a biological warfare agent. tripartite anthrax toxin proteins and a poly-d-glutamic acid capsule are produced by b. anthracis vegetative cells during mammalian hosts infection and when cultured in conditions that are thought to mimic the host environment. to identify the factors regulating virulence in b. anthrac ...201021221933
isolation and identification of soil bacteria growing at the expense of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.soil-microorganism symbioses are of fundamental importance for plant adaptation to the environment. research in microbial ecology has revealed that some soil bacteria are associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). however, these interactions may be much more complex than originally thought. to assess the type of bacteria associated with amf, we initially isolated spores of glomus irregulare from an agrostis stolonifera rhizosphere. the spores were washed with sterile water and plated on ...201121219415
synthesis of sugars embodying conjugated carbonyl systems and related triazole derivatives from carboxymethyl glycoside lactones. evaluation of their antimicrobial activity and toxicity.the synthesis of a series of pyranoid derivatives comprising a conjugated carbonyl function and related triazole derivatives, structurally suitable for bioactivity evaluation, was achieved in few steps starting from readily available carboxymethyl glycoside lactones (cmgl). 3-enopyranosid-2-uloses were generated by oxidation/elimination of tri-o-acylated 2-hydroxy pyranosides. subsequent wittig olefination provided stereoselectively 2-c-branched-chain conjugated dienepyranosides with (e)-configu ...201021215645
essential oil of galinsoga parviflora leaves from colombia.the chemical composition of the volatile compounds from the leaves of galinsoga parviflora cav. (asteraceae) from colombia was studied by gc and gc/ms. eighty-eight volatile compounds were identified, of which the major ones were (z)-3-hexen-1-ol (21.7%), beta-caryophyllene (12.4%), and 6-demethoxy-ageratochrome (14%). the leaf oil presented antimicrobial activities against the gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus.201021213993
metallo-β-lactamase-catalyzed hydrolysis of cephalosporins: some mechanistic insights into the effect of heterocyclic thiones on enzyme activity.the hydrolysis of β-lactam antibiotics using zinc-containing metallo-β-lactamases (mβl) is one of the major bacterial defense systems. these enzymes can catalyze the hydrolysis of a variety of antibiotics including the latest generation of cephalosporins, cephamycins, and imipenem. it is shown in this paper that the cephalosporins having heterocyclic -sr side chains are less prone to mβl-mediated hydrolysis than the antibiotics that do not have such side chains. this is partly due to the inhibit ...201121210647
optimization of bioassay for tetracycline detection in milk by means of chemometric techniques.in this study, a microbiological method of dichotomous response using bacillus cereus was designed and optimized to detect tetracyclines (tcs) at concentrations near to the maximum residue limits (mrls).201121204876
synergistic effects of sodium hypochlorite and ultraviolet radiation in reducing the levels of selected foodborne pathogenic bacteria.the purpose of this study was to determine whether combined treatment would produce synergistic effects to facilitate the sterilization of food products during production relative to single treatment. to assess this hypothesis, we investigated the bactericidal effects of ultraviolet (uv) irradiation and a commercial chemical disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite (naclo), on bacillus cereus f4810/72, cronobacter sakazakii kctc 2949, staphylococcus aureus atcc 35556, escherichia coli atcc 10536, and s ...201121204702
the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium bacillus cereus ar156 induces systemic resistance in arabidopsis thaliana by simultaneously activating salicylate- and jasmonate/ethylene-dependent signaling pathways.bacillus cereus ar156 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that induces resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens including pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. this study analyzed ar156-induced systemic resistance (isr) to dc3000 in arabidopsis ecotype col-0 plants. compared with mock-treated plants, ar156-treated ones showed an increase in biomass and reductions in disease severity and pathogen density in the leaves. the defense-related genes pr1, pr2, pr5, and pdf1.2 were conc ...201121198361
discrimination between the regioisomeric 1,2- and 1,3-diacylglycerophosphocholines by phospholipases.the artificial 1,3-diacyl-glycero-2-phosphocholines (1,3-pcs), which form similar aggregate structures as the naturally occurring 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines (1,2-pcs), were tested as substrates for different classes of phospholipases such as phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) from porcine pancreas, bee and snake venom, and arabidopsis thaliana, phospholipase c (plc) from bacillus cereus, and phospholipase d (pld) from cabbage and streptomyces species. the regioisomers of the natural phosph ...201021195068
application of a functional mathematical index for antibacterial and anticarcinogenic effects of tea catechins.tea leaves produce secondary metabolites that are involved in the defense of the plants against invading pathogens. in the case of green teas, these metabolites are polyphenolic compounds called catechins. previous studies developed a mathematical formula called functional mathematical index (fmi) that was used to describe the quality of different olive oils and potatoes in terms of compositional parameters and antioxidative properties of individual components. this study extends the development ...201021194238
bacillus cereus phosphopentomutase is an alkaline phosphatase family member that exhibits an altered entry point into the catalytic cycle.bacterial phosphopentomutases (ppms) are alkaline phosphatase superfamily members that interconvert α-d-ribose 5-phosphate (ribose 5-phosphate) and α-d-ribose 1-phosphate (ribose 1-phosphate). we investigated the reaction mechanism of bacillus cereus ppm using a combination of structural and biochemical studies. four high resolution crystal structures of b. cereus ppm revealed the active site architecture, identified binding sites for the substrate ribose 5-phosphate and the activator α-d-glucos ...201021193409
evaluation of phenotypic and pcr-based approaches for routine analysis of bacillus cereus group foodborne isolates.identification of bacillus cereus sensu stricto is a challenge for the food industry since it is being increasingly reported as implicated in many foodborne outbreaks. so far no conclusive microbiological or biochemical traits have been described for their specific differentiation. here a polyphasic approach aiming at identification of new isolates is presented. it was conducted on a total of 75 strains, 59 bacillus cereus group (29 reference strains and 30 food and environmental isolates) and 1 ...201021191654
you cannot b. cereus.this month's genome watch looks at the different bacillus species that can cause anthrax.201021189478
cloning, expression, and purification of a nitric oxide synthase-like protein from bacillus cereus.the nitric oxide synthase-like protein from bacillus cereus (bcnos) has been cloned, expressed, and characterized. this small hemeprotein (356 amino acids in length) has a mass of 43 kda and forms a dimer. the recombinant protein showed similar spectral shifts to the mammalian nos proteins and could bind the substrates l-arginine and n(g)-hydroxy-l-arginine as well as the ligand imidazole. low levels of activity were recorded for the hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of n(g)-hydroxy-l-argini ...201021188074
structural studies of ion permeation and ca2+ blockage of a bacterial channel mimicking the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel pore.cyclic nucleotide-gated (cng) channels play an essential role in the visual and olfactory sensory systems and are ubiquitous in eukaryotes. details of their underlying ion selectivity properties are still not fully understood and are a matter of debate in the absence of high-resolution structures. to reveal the structural mechanism of ion selectivity in cng channels, particularly their ca(2+) blockage property, we engineered a set of mimics of cng channel pores for both structural and functional ...201021187429
bioremediation of phenol by alkaliphilic bacteria isolated from alkaline lake of lonar, india.phenol is an industrially important compound which has a wide range of applications. being highly soluble in water, it appears as the major pollutant in waste waters arising from both phenol manufacturing and from industrial units that utilise phenol. because of its toxicity, bioremediation of phenol is necessary. since some of the phenol-bearing industrial waste waters are alkaline in nature, use of alkaliphilic bacteria for bioremediation of phenol was investigated. alkaliphilic bacteria were ...199821182701
mercury resistance in sporosarcina sp. g3.mercuric reductase (mera) enzyme plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling and detoxification of hg and recently, has also been shown to be useful in clean up of hg-contaminated effluents. present study describes isolation of a heavy metal-resistant isolate of sporosarcina, which could tolerate up to 40, 525, 210, 2900 and 370 μm of cd, co, zn, cr and hg respectively. it was found to reduce and detoxify redox-active metals like cr and hg. the chromate reductase and mera activities in the ...201021181488
enterotoxigenic gene profiles of bacillus cereus and bacillus megaterium isolates recovered from honey.one hundred and thirty two bacillus cereus and 52 bacillus megaterium isolates from honeys were evaluated for the presence of genes encoding enterotoxin hbl, enterotoxin-t, cytotoxin k and the nhe complex, respectively. the relationship between hemolytic and coagulase activity and its correlation with the presence of the four mentioned enterotoxins was determined by principal component analysis (pca). pca in b. cereus revealed a positive correlation among free coagulase, hemolysis and the presen ...201021180393
cholera- and anthrax-like toxins are among several new adp-ribosyltransferases.chelt, a cholera-like toxin from vibrio cholerae, and certhrax, an anthrax-like toxin from bacillus cereus, are among six new bacterial protein toxins we identified and characterized using in silico and cell-based techniques. we also uncovered medically relevant toxins from mycobacterium avium and enterococcus faecalis. we found agriculturally relevant toxins in photorhabdus luminescens and vibrio splendidus. these toxins belong to the adp-ribosyltransferase family that has conserved structure d ...201021170356
inhibition of cereulide toxin synthesis by emetic bacillus cereus via long-chain polyphosphates.severe intoxications caused by the bacillus cereus emetic toxin cereulide can hardly be prevented due to the ubiquitous distribution and heat resistance of spores and the extreme thermal and chemical stability of cereulide. it would therefore be desirable to inhibit cereulide synthesis during food manufacturing processes or in prepared foods, which are stored under time-temperature abuse conditions. toward this end, the impacts of three long-chain polyphosphate (polyp) formulations on growth and ...201021169440
dose-responses of bacillus cereus rs87 for growth enhancement in various thai rice cultivars.to achieve the goal of reducing the levels of chemical fertilizers applied in rice production, there is a need to develop microorganisms with the capacity to enhance plant growth. previous studies have demonstrated that bacillus cereus rs87 promotes growth of various plants in greenhouse and field trials. the objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the efficacy and determine the optimum concentration of b. cereus rs87 to enhance growth of various thai rice cultivars, (ii) measure the chlor ...201021164571
cell viability effects and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tunisian date syrup (rub el tamer) polyphenolic extracts.the aqueous-acetone polyphenolic extract of the traditionally derived date syrup, known as "rub el tamer", was analyzed using rp-hplc-dad and esi-ms. the phenolic content of the extract was 394.53 ± 1.13 mg per 100 g of syrup with caffeoylsinapylquinic acid as the most abundant compound (72.23%). the extract exhibited strong antioxidant activities as evaluated using the abts (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), dpph (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and frap (ferric reducing an ...201021155604
bacterial killing by dry metallic copper surfaces.metallic copper surfaces rapidly and efficiently kill bacteria. cells exposed to copper surfaces accumulated large amounts of copper ions, and this copper uptake was faster from dry copper than from moist copper. cells suffered extensive membrane damage within minutes of exposure to dry copper. further, cells removed from copper showed loss of cell integrity. acute contact with metallic copper surfaces did not result in increased mutation rates or dna lesions. these findings are important first ...201021148701
the importance of bacterial membrane composition in the structure and function of aurein 2.2 and selected variants.for cationic antimicrobial peptides to become useful therapeutic agents, it is important to understand their mechanism of action. to obtain high resolution data, this involves studying the structure and membrane interaction of these peptides in tractable model bacterial membranes rather than directly utilizing more complex bacterial surfaces. a number of lipid mixtures have been used as bacterial mimetics, including a range of lipid headgroups, and different ratios of neutral to negatively charg ...201021144817
autocatalytic intramolecular isopeptide bond formation in gram-positive bacterial pili: a qm/mm simulation.many gram-positive pathogens possess external pili or fimbriae with which they adhere to host cells during the infection process. unusual dual intramolecular isopeptide bonds between asn and lys side chains within the n-terminal and c-terminal domains of the pilus subunits have been observed initially in the streptococcus pyogenes pilin subunit spy0128 and subsequently in gbs52 from streptococcus agalactiae, in the bcpa major pilin of bacillus cereus and in the rrgb pilin of streptococcus pneumo ...201021142157
pitiprolamide, a proline-rich dolastatin 16 analogue from the marine cyanobacterium lyngbya majuscula from guam.an unusual cyclic depsipeptide, pitiprolamide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium lyngbya majuscula collected at piti bomb holes, guam. the structure was deduced using nmr, ms, x-ray crystallography, and enantioselective hplc-ms techniques. remarkably, proline represents half of the residues forming pitiprolamide (1). other distinctive features include a 4-phenylvaline (dolaphenvaline, dpv) moiety initially found in dolastatin 16 and the rare 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxyhexanoic acid (dmh ...201021138309
cleaning effectiveness of chlorine-free detergents for use on dairy farms.a method for evaluating cleaning effect based on bacillus cereus spores was developed and tested in a model system designed to resemble actual farm conditions. a test rig with four removable sampling plates was mounted in a milk line. the plates were attached at the end of t-junctions protruding either 1·5 or 3-times the milk pipe diameter from the main loop to reflect different levels of cleaning difficulty. in each cleaning test, b. cereus spores were applied to the four sampling plates to sim ...201021134310
spore formation by bacillus cereus in broth as affected by temperature, nutrient availability, and manganese.a study was done to determine the effect of interacting factors on sporulation of bacillus cereus in broth. vegetative cells (1.4 to 2.2 log cfu/ml) of b. cereus strain 038-2 (capable of growing at 12 degrees c) and strain f3812/84 (capable of growing at 8 degrees c) were inoculated into 30 ml of tryptic soy broth (tsb), tsb supplemented with manganese (50 microg/ml), diluted (10%) tsb (dtsb), and dtsb supplemented with manganese (50 microg/ml) and incubated at 8, 12, or 22 degrees c for up to 3 ...200521132988
microbiological quality of ready-to-eat foods: results from a long-term surveillance program (1995 through 2003).the coordination of food sampling activities across wales, a part of the united kingdom with a population of approximately 3 million, led to the establishment in 1995 of a coordinated food-sampling program designed to monitor on a long-term basis the microbiological quality and safety of specific ready-to-eat products. this surveillance system has been ongoing for 9 years and has generated a database of microbiological and associated demographic results for 15,228 ready-to-eat food samples. the ...200521132974
bacillus anthracis sin locus and regulation of secreted proteases.bacillus anthracis shares many regulatory loci with the nonpathogenic bacillus species bacillus subtilis. one such locus is sinir, which in b. subtilis controls sporulation, biofilm formation, motility, and competency. as b. anthracis is not known to be motile, to be naturally competent, or to readily form biofilms, we hypothesized that the b. anthracis sinir regulon is distinct from that of b. subtilis. a genome-wide expression microarray analysis of b. anthracis parental and sinr mutant strain ...201021131488
minimization of glycerol synthesis in industrial ethanol yeast without influencing its fermentation performance.to synthesize glycerol, a major by-product during anaerobic production of ethanol, the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae would consume up to 4% of the sugar feedstock in typical industrial ethanol processes. the present study was dedicated to decreasing the glycerol production mostly in industrial ethanol producing yeast without affecting its desirable fermentation properties including high osmotic and ethanol tolerance, natural robustness in industrial processes. in the present study, the gpd1 gen ...201021126600
testing standards for sporicides.sporicidal products are of considerable importance in healthcare environments due to the requirement for products that are capable of dealing with contamination with clostridium difficile spores. sporicidal testing standards to validate the claims of sporicidal activity are an important tool in the evaluation of commercial sporicides. within europe there are a number of sporicidal testing standards which are often used to validate the claims of commercial sporicides. however, the extent to which ...201021122947
microbiological assessment in strawberry production and recommendations to establish a good agricultural practice system.this study conducted microbiological assessment in tunnel style strawberry greenhouses and packaging centers and suggested recommendations to establish a good agricultural practice for strawberry production. the samples from irrigation water, workers' gloves, harvest bins, soil, strawberry leaves and strawberries in greenhouses, packers' gloves, conveyor belts, packaging tables, and door knobs of entrances in packaging centers were collected. bacterial cell counts of aerobic plate counts, colifo ...201021121865
bacillus cereus cytotoxins hbl, nhe and cytk are secreted via the sec translocation pathway.bacillus cereus and the closely related bacillus thuringiensis are gram positive opportunistic pathogens that may cause food poisoning, and the three secreted pore-forming cytotoxins hbl, nhe and cytk have been implicated as the causative agents of diarrhoeal disease. it has been proposed that the hbl toxin is secreted using the flagellar export apparatus (fea) despite the presence of sec-type signal peptides. as protein secretion is of key importance in virulence of a microorganism, the mechani ...201021118484
a subtractively optimized dna microarray using non-sequenced genomic probes for the detection of food-borne pathogens.in this study, we present the successful detection of food-borne pathogens using randomly selected non-sequenced genomic dna probes-based dna microarray chips. three food-borne pathogens, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), and bacillus cereus, were subjected for the preparation of the dna microarray probes. initially, about 50 dna probes selected randomly from non-sequenced genomic dna of each pathogen were prepared by using a set of ...201021116735
analysis of metal ion dependence in glms ribozyme self-cleavage and coenzyme binding.the bacterial glms ribozyme is mechanistically unique among both riboswitches and rna catalysts. its self-cleavage activity is the basis of riboswitch regulation of glucosamine-6-phosphate (glcn6p) production, and catalysis requires glcn6p as a coenzyme. previous work has shown that the coenzyme amine of glcn6p is essential for glms ribozyme self-cleavage, as is its protonation state. metal ions are also essential within the glms ribozyme core for both structure and function of the ribozyme. alt ...201021108273
antimicrobial activity of bacillus amyloliquefaciens lbm 5006 is enhanced in the presence of escherichia coli.increased antimicrobial activity was observed when bacillus amyloliquefaciens lbm 5006 strain was cultivated in the presence of thermally inactivated cells of escherichia coli, but not with staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, or bacillus cereus. e. coli also enhanced the antimicrobial activity when it was added to the medium in the form of living cells or as cell debris after cellular fractionation. no inducing activity was observed with addition of cell-free supernatant of e. coli cu ...201021104084
a modified culture-based study of bacterial community composition in a tannery wastewater treatment plant.though culture-independent methods have been used in preference to traditional isolation techniques for characterization of microbial community of wastewater treatment plants, it is difficult to widely apply this approach in resource-poor countries. the present study aimed to develop a test to identify the culturable portion of bacterial community in a high-strength wastewater. wastewater samples were collected from nitrification-denitrification and settling tanks of the treatment plant of elmo ...201021099040
biological and docking studies of topoisomerase iv inhibition by thiosemicarbazides.4-benzoyl-1-(4-methyl-imidazol-5-yl)-carbonylthiosemicarbazide (1) was synthesized, and its antibacterial and type iia topoisomerase (dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv) activity evaluated. (1) was found to have high therapeutic potential against opportunistic gram-positive bacteria, and inhibitory activity against topoisomerase iv (ic(50) = 90 μm) but not against dna gyrase. an increase in activity against topoisomerase iv (ic(50) = 14 μm) was observed when the imidazole moiety of (1) was replaced ...201021080016
study of peptide fractions from hemolymph of galleria mellonella.changes in the peptide composition of hemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae induced by their immunization have been studied, and some new peptides have been found. the composition of fractions exhibiting antibacterial activity was investigated. known antibacterial peptides have been found in the hemolymph of control larvae and those immunized with bacteria.201021077837
performance characteristics of the duopath® cereus enterotoxins assay for rapid detection of enterotoxinogenic bacillus cereus strains.the duopath® cereus enterotoxins test (merck kgaa) is a newly developed gold-labeled lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of bacillus cereus enterotoxins. the test uses monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the l(2) component of hemolysin bl (hbl) and nheb of the non-hemolytic enterotoxin (nhe), respectively. the inclusivity and exclusivity of the assay was tested using 44 b. cereus, b. cereus group and bacillus spp. strains. apart from the b. mycoides type strain the results were in full a ...201021074285
2-aminohydroxamic acid derivatives as inhibitors of bacillus cereus phosphatidylcholine preferred phospholipase c pc-plc(bc).phosphatidylcholine preferring phospholipase c (pc-plc) is an important enzyme that plays a key role in a variety of cellular events and lipid homoeostases. bacillus cereus phospholipase c (pc-plc(bc)) has antigenic similarity with the elusive mammalian pc-plc, which has not thus far been isolated and purified. therefore the discovery of inhibitors of pc-plc(bc) is of current interest. here, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new type of compounds inhibiting pc-plc(bc). the ...201021071231
control of bacillus cereus in foods by rhodomyrtus tomentosa (ait.) hassk. leaf extract and its purified compound.edible natural products, either standardized plant extracts or pure compounds, provide unlimited opportunities as safe new antimicrobial agents. this study investigated the antibacterial properties of ethanolic extract from rhodomyrtus tomentosa (ait.) hassk. leaves against bacillus cereus. preliminary screening to evaluate the activities of the extract used a paper disc diffusion method against 65 food isolates. the extract produced large inhibition zones in all isolates, ranging from 10 to 18 ...201021067680
short- and long-term biomarkers for bacterial robustness: a framework for quantifying correlations between cellular indicators and adaptive behavior.the ability of microorganisms to adapt to changing environments challenges the prediction of their history-dependent behavior. cellular biomarkers that are quantitatively correlated to stress adaptive behavior will facilitate our ability to predict the impact of these adaptive traits. here, we present a framework for identifying cellular biomarkers for mild stress induced enhanced microbial robustness towards lethal stresses. several candidate-biomarkers were selected by comparing the genome-wid ...201021060783
development of real-time pcr assays for detection and quantification of bacillus cereus group species: differentiation of b. weihenstephanensis and rhizoid b. pseudomycoides isolates from milk.quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) offers an alternative method for the detection of bacterial contamination in food. this method provides the quantitation and determination of the number of gene copies. in our study, we established an rt-pcr assay using the lightcycler system to detect and quantify the bacillus cereus group species, which includes b. cereus, b. anthracis, b. thuringiensis, b. weihenstephanensis, b. mycoides, and b. pseudomycoides. a taqman assay was designed to detect a 285-b ...201021057027
molecular identification and pectate lyase production by bacillus strains involved in cocoa fermentation.we have previously reported the implication of bacillus in the production of pectinolytic enzymes during cocoa fermentation. the objective of this work was to identify the bacillus strains isolated from cocoa fermentation and study their ability to produce pectate lyase (pl) in various growth conditions. ninety-eight strains were analyzed by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra). four different banding patterns were obtained leading to the clustering of the bacterial isolates into ...201021056768
novel sigmab regulation modules of gram-positive bacteria involve the use of complex hybrid histidine kinases.a common bacterial strategy to cope with stressful conditions is the activation of alternative sigma factors that control specific regulons enabling targeted responses. in the human pathogen bacillus cereus, activation of the major stress-responsive sigma factor σ(b) is controlled by a signalling route that involves the multi-sensor hybrid histidine kinase rsbk. rsbk-type kinases are not restricted to the b. cereus group, but occur in a wide variety of other bacterial species, including members ...201021051490
effects of two probiotic additives containing bacillus spores on carcass characteristics, blood lipids and cecal volatile fatty acids in meat type chickens.the objective of this study was to evaluate effects of two commercially available probiotic additives, containing bacillus spores, on carcass and meat characteristics, serum lipids and concentration of cecal volatile fatty acids of meat type chickens. birds were fed regular corn-soy meal based feed (control), supplemented with additive a, containing 1.6 × 10(6) spores per gram of feed of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis (group a) or additive b, containing the same concentration of ba ...201021039931
detection of microbial contaminants in mammalian cell cultures using a new fluorescence-based staining method.microbial contamination of cell culture production processes is a current concern for biopharmaceutical industries. traditional testing methods require several days to detect contamination and may advantageously be replaced by a rapid detection method. we developed a new method combining membrane filtration to microcolonies fluorescence staining method (mfsm) and compared it to epifluorescence microscopy.201021039669
enhancement of wood waste decomposition by microbial inoculation prior to vermicomposting.to investigate the feasibility of microbial pre-decomposition of timber wastes to quality production of vermicompost with higher agronomic value, timber wastes were inoculated with different combinations of the fungi phanerochete chrysosporium, trichoderma reesei, aspergillus niger and the bacteria azotobacter chroococcum (mtcc 3853) and bacillus cereus (mtcc 4079) and incubated at 28-30 °c in a mechanical composter. the inoculation enhanced the degradation of timber wastes, increased total nitr ...201021036037
features of bacillus cereus swarm cells.when propagated on solid surfaces, bacillus cereus can produce differentiated swarm cells under a wide range of growth conditions. this behavioural versatility is ecologically relevant, since it allows this bacterium to adapt swarming to environmental changes. swarming by b. cereus is medically important: swarm cells are more virulent and particularly prone to invade host tissues. characterisation of swarming-deficient mutants highlights that flagellar genes as well as genes governing different ...201021035546
effects of mentha longifolia l. essential oil and nisin alone and in combination on bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis in a food model and bacterial ultrastructural changes.in the face of emerging new pathogens and ever-growing health-conscious customers, food preservation technology remains on the top agenda of food industry. this study was aimed at determining the effects of the essential oil of mentha longifolia l., alone and in combination with nisin, on bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis at 8°c and 25°c in a food model (commercial barley soup) during 15 days. the essential oil alone at 8°c inhibited bacterial growth significantly compared with the control ( ...201021034248
change of bacillus cereus flavonoid o-triglucosyltransferase into flavonoid o-monoglucosyltransferase by error-prone polymerase chain reaction.the attachment of sugar to flavonoids enhances their solubility. glycosylation is performed primarily by uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (ugts). the ugt from bacillus cereus, bcgt-1 transferred three glucose molecules into kaempferol. the structural analysis of bcgt-1 showed that its substrate binding site is wider than that of flavonoid monoglucosyltransferase of plant. in order to create monoglucosyltransferase from bcgt-1, error-prone polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was per ...201021030823
on the process of sporulation in a strain of bacillus cereus. 194621018690
a large foodborne outbreak on a small pacific island.on march 25, 2009, the ebeye leroj kitlang memorial health center on the island of ebeye in the republic of the marshall islands was overwhelmed with over 100 patients presenting for vomiting and diarrhea. epidemiologic investigation revealed that there were 174 cases among 187 attendees at a local funeral earlier in the day. most cases had eaten served sandwiches containing egg products that had undergone severe time-temperature abuse. while no causal agents were identified, the epidemiology an ...201020968238
multiple-trap laser tweezers raman spectroscopy for simultaneous monitoring of the biological dynamics of multiple individual cells.we report the development of a multiple-trap laser tweezers raman spectroscopy (ltrs) array for simultaneously acquiring raman spectra of individual cells in physiological environments. this ltrs-array technique was also combined with phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, allowing measurement of raman spectra, refractility, and fluorescence images of individual cells with a temporal resolution of ~5 s. as a demonstration, we used this technique to monitor multiple bacillus cereus spores ge ...201020967053
interspersed dna repeats bcr1-bcr18 of bacillus cereus group bacteria form three distinct groups with different evolutionary and functional patterns.many short (<400 bp) interspersed sequence repeats exist in bacteria, yet little is known about their origins, mode of generation, or possible function. here, we present a comprehensive analysis of 18 different previously identified repeated dna elements, bcr1-bcr18 (økstad oa, hegna i, lindback t, rishovd al, kolstø ab. 1999. genome organization is not conserved between bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis. microbiology. 145:621-631.; tourasse nj, helgason e, økstad oa, hegna ik, kolstø ab. 20 ...201020961964
[can industrial laundry remove bacillus cereus from hospital linen?].contaminated hospital linen has caused some cases of bacillus cereus bacteremia in japan. we analyzed the disinfection efficacy of industrial washing of hospital towels and sheets by counting the number of b. cereus on linen before and after washing. that before washing averaged 7.6 cells/cm2 on unwashed sheets, decreasing to 1.2 cells/cm2 after washing. that on unwashed towels, however, averaged 10(6) cells/cm2 before washing and 1096 cells/cm2 after washing, which was very high and suggested t ...201020960937
potential of the melanophore pigment response for detection of bacterial toxicity.chromatophore cells have been investigated as potential biodetectors for function-based detection of chemically and biologically toxic substances. oncorhynchus tshawytscha (chinook salmon) melanophores, a chromatophore cell type containing brown pigment, rapidly detect the salmonid pathogens aeromonas salmonicida, yersinia ruckeri, and flavobacterium psychrophilum and the human pathogen bacillus cereus.201020952639
probiotic properties of lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and taiwanese pickled cabbage.this study assessed potential probiotic lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and from taiwanese pickled cabbage for their possible use in probiotic fermented foods by evaluating their (i) in vitro adhesive ability, resistance to biotic stress, resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and production of β-galactosidase; (ii) milk technological properties; and (iii) in vivo adhesive ability, intestinal survival and microbial changes during and after treatment. five lactobac ...201020951815
structure of the γ-d-glutamyl-l-diamino acid endopeptidase ykfc from bacillus cereus in complex with l-ala-γ-d-glu: insights into substrate recognition by nlpc/p60 cysteine peptidases.dipeptidyl-peptidase vi from bacillus sphaericus and ykfc from bacillus subtilis have both previously been characterized as highly specific γ-d-glutamyl-l-diamino acid endopeptidases. the crystal structure of a ykfc ortholog from bacillus cereus (bcykfc) at 1.8 å resolution revealed that it contains two n-terminal bacterial sh3 (sh3b) domains in addition to the c-terminal catalytic nlpc/p60 domain that is ubiquitous in the very large family of cell-wall-related cysteine peptidases. a bound react ...201020944232
characterization and antimicrobial activity of 4-(β-d-glucopyranosyl-1→4-α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzyl thiocarboxamide; a novel bioactive compound from moringa oleifera seed extract.antimicrobial activity of crude seed extract of moringa oleifera was investigated by thin layer chromatography bioassay against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, cladosporium cladosporioides, and penicillium sclerotigenum; most of them were prominently inhibited by an isolate with r(f) 0.92-0.96. characterization and identification of the extract revealed the occurrence of three bioactive compounds: 4-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate, methyl n-4-(α-l-r ...201020941575
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