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of organ meats and hepatitis e virus: one part of a larger puzzle is solved. 200818983247
genetic characterization of the complete coding regions of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus isolated from spanish swine herds.the complete coding regions of five hepatitis e virus isolates of swine origin from two different pig farms and the complete genome sequence of two of these strains were obtained and compared to other full length or partial hev sequences. based on the nucleotide sequence, the examined spanish isolates were 87.1-99.7% similar among them being the closest known strain a mongolian porcine strain (swmn06-c1056) which shares 84.5-86.1% of the nucleotide sequence, and are also close to other hev porci ...200918977254
peptide mimics of a conserved h5n1 avian influenza virus neutralization site.a panel of 52 murine monoclonal antibodies was found to recognize antigenic determinants that had been conserved among all major genetic subgroups of the h5n1 avian influenza virus prevalent since 1997. we screened a phage display library for peptides recognized by one such antibody (8h5). we analysed the specificity of 8h5 for reactive peptides presented as fusion proteins of hbc (hepatitis b core protein) and hev (hepatitis e virus) structural protein, p239. this was then related to the specif ...200918973474
deletions of the hypervariable region (hvr) in open reading frame 1 of hepatitis e virus do not abolish virus infectivity: evidence for attenuation of hvr deletion mutants in vivo.hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important human pathogen, although little is known about its biology and replication. comparative sequence analysis revealed a hypervariable region (hvr) with extensive sequence variations in open reading frame 1 of hev. to elucidate the role of the hvr in hev replication, we first constructed two hvr deletion mutants, hhvrd1 and hhvrd2, with in-frame deletion of amino acids (aa) 711 to 777 and 747 to 761 in the hvr of a genotype 1 human hev replicon. evidence of he ...200918945785
a pediatric patient with acute hepatitis e in japan.we encountered a 14-year-old bangladeshi boy who developed acute hepatitis e in japan. he showed improvement without the development of fulminant hepatitis. his hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype was i, which causes epidemics mainly in south asia. he developed this disease more than 6 months after coming to japan. considering the latent period, it was suspected that he had been infected with hev in japan, although the hev virus is presumed not to be indigenous to japan.200818936892
a 20-year single-center experience with acute liver failure during pregnancy: is the prognosis really worse?pregnant patients with acute liver failure (alf) are believed to have a worse outcome than nonpregnant women and men with alf. however objective data supporting this supposition are scant. therefore, the current study compared the outcome, complications, and causes of alf among pregnant women and girls with age-matched nonpregnant women and girls and men and boys with alf. one thousand fifteen consecutive alf patients in the reproductive age group, admitted at the all india institute of medical ...200818925633
mouse hepatitis virus liver pathology is dependent on adp-ribose-1''-phosphatase, a viral function conserved in the alpha-like supergroup.viral infection of the liver can lead to severe tissue damage when high levels of viral replication and spread in the organ are coupled with strong induction of inflammatory responses. here we report an unexpected correlation between the expression of a functional x domain encoded by the hepatotropic mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59), the high-level production of inflammatory cytokines, and the induction of acute viral hepatitis in mice. x-domain (also called macro domain) proteins poss ...200818922871
induction of antibody response against hepatitis e virus (hev) with recombinant human papillomavirus pseudoviruses expressing truncated hev capsid proteins in mice.a hepatitis e virus (hev) vaccine would be valuable to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the infection in endemic areas. hev pseudocapsids and epidermal delivery of hev orf2 dna vaccine by gene-gun have been shown to confer protection against virus challenge in monkeys. vectorization of a dna vaccine by virus-like particles is a new immunization approach. we report here the successful immunization of mice with two orf2 genes encapsidated into human papillomavirus type 31 virus-l ...200818835319
[rapid enterovirus genotyping in cerebrospinal fluids: a two-year prospective study in a virology laboratory setting].enterovirus (ev - 68 serotypes) infections comprise a wide spectrum of clinical presentations including infections of the central nervous system. in severe clinical presentation or epidemics, the precise identification of the involved serotype is necessary.200818835107
[new aspects of hev infection].the hepatitis e virus (hev), known for being the cause of major outbreaks of waterborne hepatitis in asia and africa, is an emerging pathogen in industrialized countries. virologic analyses of sporadic cases in europe, japan and the united states have shown that the origin of the infection was through autochthonous viral strains suggesting that the virus is present locally. in addition, transmission is not only enterically through contaminated water but also through ingestion of undercooked infe ...200818831406
hepatitis e: does it cause chronic hepatitis?hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered an agent responsible for acute hepatitis that does not progress to chronic hepatitis. we identified 14 cases of acute hev infection in three patients receiving liver transplants, nine receiving kidney transplants, and two receiving kidney and pancreas transplants. all patients were positive for serum hev rna. chronic hepatitis developed in eight patients, as confirmed by persistently elevated aminotransferase levels, serum hev rna, and histologic features of ...200818821611
crystal structure and carbohydrate analysis of nipah virus attachment glycoprotein: a template for antiviral and vaccine design.two members of the paramyxovirus family, nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev), are recent additions to a growing number of agents of emergent diseases which use bats as a natural host. identification of ephrin-b2 and ephrin-b3 as cellular receptors for these viruses has enabled the development of immunotherapeutic reagents which prevent virus attachment and subsequent fusion. here we present the structural analysis of the protein and carbohydrate components of the unbound viral attachment gl ...200818815311
[prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus among students from india living in bialystok, poland].many evidences suggest hepatitis e virus (hev) infections may be more prevalent than previously described and viral hepatitis e cases can be observed in patients who have never visited endemic areas. the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of serological markers of hev infection among students from india living in poland.200818807491
serological and molecular evidence of hepatitis e virus in swine in brazil.active hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in two brazilian swine herds were investigated. in study 1, 26 piglets born to five anti-hev positive sows were monitored from birth to post-partum week 22. serum samples were screened for the detection of anti-hev antibodies and a nested rt-pcr used to examine the hev genome. passive transfer of immunity was confirmed. at week 22, 23/26 (88.4%) of the piglets had seroconverted. genome amplification was achieved in a feces pool from one holding pen and i ...200918805029
residues in the stalk domain of the hendra virus g glycoprotein modulate conformational changes associated with receptor binding.hendra virus (hev) is a member of the broadly tropic and highly pathogenic paramyxovirus genus henipavirus. hev is enveloped and infects cells by using membrane-anchored attachment (g) and fusion (f) glycoproteins. g possesses an n-terminal cytoplasmic tail, an external membrane-proximal stalk domain, and a c-terminal globular head that binds the recently identified receptors ephrinb2 and ephrinb3. receptor binding is presumed to induce conformational changes in g that subsequently trigger f-med ...200818799571
avian hepatitis e virus infection and possible associated clinical disease in broiler breeder flocks in hungary.in broiler breeder flocks in one broiler integration in hungary, a new syndrome appeared in january 2005 with initially four successive post-peak flocks experiencing significant decreases in egg production. clinically birds became depressed and there was a small increase in the mortality rate. postmortem examinations revealed enlarged livers in up to 19% of birds dying, and enlarged spleens in some. also observed were birds with either clotted blood or serosanguineous fluid in the abdomen and su ...200818798029
subduing the hepatitis e python. 200918796176
does hepatitis e viral load and genotypes influence the final outcome of acute liver failure during pregnancy?hepatitis e is a major health problem in developing countries including india. the incidence and mortality rate in pregnant women with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) due to hepatitis e virus (hev) has been reported to be significantly higher, specifically in asian women. pregnancy is usually associated with an altered status of sex steroid hormones and immunity. steroid hormones directly influence the replication through their effects on viral regulatory elements. moreover, pregnant women in as ...200818785952
[primary evaluation of anti-hev diagnostic reagent by experimental infection animal model with hepatitis e virus].to evaluate anti-hev diagnostic kits by experimental infecting rhesus monkeys with hev.200818785478
seropositivity and pattern of viral hepatitis in clinically suspected cases of hepatitis in dhaka city.an attempt was made to see the seropositivity and pattern of four common hepatotrophic viruses (hbv, hcv, hev, hav) in patients suspected to have been suffering from viral hepatitis. blood samples from 2,995 cases of suspected hbv infection, 331 from hcv, 155 from hev and 24 from hav were tested for these viral markers. of these a total of 245 (8.1%) were positive for hbsag, 18 (5.4%) for hcv, 87 (56.1%) for hev and 8 (33.3%) were positive for hav infection. the predominant age group affected in ...200718783066
the mystery of hepatitis e seroprevalence in developed countries: is there subclinical infection due to hepatitis e virus? 200818781881
time trend of the prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies among farmers and blood donors: a potential zoonosis in denmark.antibody to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) is prevalent in western countries, where clinical hepatitis e is rarely reported. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-hev among danish blood donors and danish farmers. in addition, we compared the prevalence among 2 sets of serum samples obtained from blood donors 20 years apart.200818781880
a nationwide survey for hepatitis e virus prevalence in japanese blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase.although we reported two cases of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis e in japan, the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in japanese blood donors is not very clear.200818774966
excretion of hepatitis e virus by pigs of different ages and its presence in slurry stores in the united kingdom.five faecal samples were collected from four different stages of production at each of 10 pig farms in the yorkshire humberside area of the uk, and samples of slurry were collected from nine of the farms. all the samples were tested for hepatitis e virus (hev) rna by a nested reverse transcriptase pcr. at least one sample from the pigs on each of the farms tested positive for hev; its prevalence in the 10 herds varied from 5 per cent to 35 per cent and its mean prevalence was 21.5 per cent. the ...200818757902
hepatitis e virus.hepatitis e is an emerging infectious disease. this review will focus on recent advances in the zoonotic transmission, global distribution and control of hepatitis e.200818725805
[development and application of real-time quantitative rt- pcr assay for the detection of hepatitis e virus].hepatitis e virus (hev) sequences including four major genotypes representative strains available in genbank were aligned with the dnaman software. the highly conserved internal region of orf2 was then subjected to design primers and a probe. furthermore, a 0.3 kb fragment of hev orf2 containing the amplification region was transcribed in vitro to synthese crna standard and a universal real-time taqman pcr assay was optimized and developed to detect and quantify main genotypes rna of hev. the sp ...200818724714
extent of hepatitis e virus elimination is affected by stabilizers present in plasma products and pore size of nanofilters.to investigate the physico-chemical properties of hepatitis e virus (hev) with regard to inactivation/removal, we have studied four isolates with respect to sensitivity to heat during liquid/dry-heating as well as removal by nanofiltration.200818714441
brief report: acute viral hepatitis and poor maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant sudanese women.sixteen pregnant women presented at the three main hospitals in khartoum province, sudan during the period of march-september 2007 with features of acute viral hepatitis. their mean (sd) gestational age was 28.0(6.7) weeks. the etiology of acute viral hepatitis was hepatitis b virus in five women (31.3%), hepatitis c virus in one woman (6.3%), hepatitis e virus in eight women (50%), and hepatitis non-a-to-e virus in two women (12.5%). there were four (25%) maternal deaths and three (18.7%) intra ...200818712815
comparison of a new synthetic, peptide-derived, polyclonal antibody-based, immunohistochemical test with in situ hybridisation for the detection of swine hepatitis e virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.a synthetic, peptide-derived, polyclonal antibody-based, immunohistochemical test was developed to detect swine hepatitis e virus (hev) and was compared with in situ hybridisation for the detection of hev in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from experimentally infected pigs. solid-phase peptide synthesis was used to generate peptides from swine hev open reading frame 2, and the purified peptides were injected into rabbits to produce polyclonal antibodies. the specificity and sensitivity ...200918701328
prevalence of hepatitis e virus in swine under different breeding environment and abattoir in beijing, china.this study was to investigate the prevalence of hev in pig herds under different breeding environment and in abattoirs located in beijing, china. in total 638 sera samples and 114 liver samples were collected for a serological survey and a rt-pcr assay, respectively. the average prevalence rate of hev in pig herds in beijing suburb were 47.5-100%. seropositive rate was 76.6% for pig herds of large-scale and 90% for family-scale farms. for sera samples collected from abattoir, 127 samples (78.4%) ...200918687537
inhibition of henipavirus infection by rna interference.nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are recently emerged zoonotic paramyxoviruses exclusively grouped within a new genus, henipavirus. these viruses cause fatal disease in a wide range of species, including humans. both niv and hev have continued to re-emerge sporadically in bangladesh and australia, respectively. there are currently no therapeutics or vaccines available to treat henipavirus infection and both are classified as bsl4 pathogens. rna interference (rnai) is a process by which d ...200818687361
[an investigation on hepatitis e virus infection status among livestock in xi'an area].to explore the carrier state of hepatitis e virus(hev) in livestock in xi'an area.200818686857
hepatitis e virus genotype 1, cuba. 200818680671
monoclonal antibodies raised against the orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus (hev) can capture hev particles in culture supernatant and serum but not those in feces.ten murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the well-conserved, c-terminal 24-amino acid portion of orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus (hev) were produced and characterized. immunofluorescent assays using the anti-orf3 mabs revealed accumulation of orf3 protein in the cytoplasm of plc/prf/5 cells transfected with orf3-expressing plasmid or inoculated with cell-culture-generated hev. the anti-orf3 mabs could capture hev particles in culture medium and serum ...200818679765
multiplex masstag-pcr for respiratory pathogens in pediatric nasopharyngeal washes negative by conventional diagnostic testing shows a high prevalence of viruses belonging to a newly recognized rhinovirus clade.respiratory infections are the most common infectious diseases in humans worldwide and are a leading cause of death in children less than 5 years of age.200818674964
alterations in natural killer cells and natural killer t cells during acute viral hepatitis e.the mechanism of liver damage in acute hepatitis e is poorly understood. in this study, we assessed the frequency and activation status of natural killer (nk) and natural killer t (nkt) cells and cytotoxic activity of nk cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) obtained from patients with hepatitis e (n = 41) and healthy controls (n = 61). flow cytometry was used to assess nk (cd3(-)/cd56(+)) and nkt cell (cd3(+)/cd56(+)) fractions (% of pbmcs) and activation status (cd69(+); % of ...200818673427
haemorrhagic enteritis virus infection in turkeys: a comparison of virulent and avirulent virus infections, and a proposed pathogenesis.five-week-old specific-pathogen-free turkey poults were inoculated orally with either virulent or avirulent haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) and killed sequentially from 3 h to 10 days post-inoculation. tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy, and immunoperoxidase staining. lesions produced were similar for both types of virus. the earliest signs of infection were seen in the spleen with proliferation of the white pulp surrounding the ellipsoids on day 3 post-inoculation. intran ...199318670996
hepatitis e and pregnancy: understanding the pathogenesis.hepatitis e virus (hev) is a single-stranded rna virus that causes large-scale epidemics of acute viral hepatitis, particularly in developing countries. in men and non-pregnant women, the disease is usually self-limited and has a case-fatality rate of less than <0.1%. however, in pregnant women, particularly from certain geographical areas in india, hev infection is more severe, often leading to fulminant hepatic failure and death in a significant proportion of patients. in contrast, reports fro ...200818662274
a case of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis e caused by blood from a donor infected with hepatitis e virus via zoonotic food-borne route.five cases of transfusion transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) have been reported so far. the infection routes of the causative donors remain unclear, however. also, the progress of virus markers in the entire course of hev infection has not been well documented.200818651907
swine hepatitis e virus in rural southern china: genetic characterization and experimental infection in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta).in rural areas of southern china, where hepatitis e is endemic, residents generally rear pigs in pigsties near their houses. the study was conducted to assess the possibility that hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in this region are acquired primarily through contact with swine.200818648744
the effect of concurrent infections of haemorrhagic enteritis virus or marble spleen disease virus and eimeria meleagrimitis in turkeys.turkey poults given the combination of marble spleen disease virus and eimeria meleagrimitis (em) exhibited a greater pathogenic effect caused by the virus and illustrated by an increased spleen weight:gain index and antigen titre. poults inoculated with both haemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev) and em exhibited an ameliorated pathogenic effect, in that the spleen weight:gain index and mean antigen titre were reduced. a reduction in the faecal score of the same birds was also noted when hev was co ...199518645786
[jaundice in an hiv-positive pregnant woman].a 32-year-old woman of african origin in the third trimester of pregnancy was admitted to our hospital with jaundice, dark urine and mild abdominal pain. symptoms had started one week before admission. during a routine pregnancy check-up six months previously, an hiv infection had been diagnosed and antiretroviral therapy was initiated. the patient had moved from nigeria to germany two years before and has not been abroad since then.200818642217
hepatitis e virus infection among domestic animals in eastern china.hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic pathogen of which several species of animal were reported as reservoirs. antibodies to hev and hev rna have been detected in some chinese population and swine groups but few other domestic animals. in this study, to investigate the hev prevalence, we tested sera from 788 pigs, 100 cows, 50 goats, 49 horses, 101 pet dogs, 105 chickens, 47 duck and 45 pigeons in eastern china for anti-hev immunoglobulin g (igg). we also tested 50% of the swine sera, all of ser ...200818638181
serological evidence for hepatitis e virus infection in laboratory monkeys and pigs in animal facilities in japan.in laboratory animal facilities, monkeys and pigs are used for animal experiments, but the details of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in these animals are unknown. the risk of infection from laboratory animals to humans has become a concern; therefore, much attention should be paid to the handling of these animals during their care and use, including surgical procedures performed on infected animals. in this connection, serum samples collected from 916 monkeys and 77 pigs kept in 23 animal fac ...200818633159
hepatitis e virus coinfection with hepatotropic viruses in egyptian children.major hepatotropic viruses continue to be important causes of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries. this work was carried out to detect the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) markers in children with acute viral hepatitis due to hepatotropic viruses (a, b and c) and non-a, non-b, non-c acute hepatitis, and to ascertain the influence of hev superinfection in individuals infected with hepatitis viruses (a, b and c).200818629421
mutational events during the primary propagation and consecutive passages of hepatitis e virus strain je03-1760f in cell culture.we recently developed a cell culture system for hepatitis e virus (hev) in plc/prf/5 cells, using a genotype 3 hev (je03-1760f strain). thirteen generations of consecutive passages of culture supernatant were successfully carried out in plc/prf/5 cells, with the highest hev load reaching 10(8) copies/ml in the culture medium. based on continuous release of progenies into culture medium, 50% tissue culture infectivity doses were estimated to be 2.0 x 10(3) copies for wild-type je03-1760f and 1.4 ...200818620009
hepatitis e autochthonous infection in chronic liver disease.hepatitis e virus is endemic in many parts of the developing world and causes a self-limiting hepatitis in young adults, except in pregnant women and patients with chronic liver disease, where the mortality is high. locally acquired hepatitis e is increasingly recognized in the developed world. it is caused by hepatitis e virus genotype 3, affects the middle-aged and the elderly, and may be a zoonotic infection from pigs. we present a case of locally acquired hepatitis e infection in a patient w ...200818617787
autochthonous hepatitis e in southwest england: natural history, complications and seasonal variation, and hepatitis e virus igg seroprevalence in blood donors, the elderly and patients with chronic liver disease.to report the natural history of autochthonous hepatitis e and hepatitis e virus (hev) igg seroprevalence in southwest england.200818617784
hepatitis e in nepal.hepatitis e is an acute disease caused by hepatitis e virus that usually manifest as acute jaundice. the hallmark of the disease is its high incidence in young adults, and high mortality in pregnant women from acute hepatic failure. it is a waterborne infection and occurs sporadically or as epidemic outbreaks. kathmandu valley is a hyper-endemic area for hepatitis e, where during last 30 years three large epidemics and many focal outbreaks have occurred. about 50% of the sporadic cases of acute ...200618603971
ultrasound findings in acute viral hepatitis.serological markers for the virus remain mainstay of diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. however, it is not available in all part of our country. the aim of this study is to find out the sonological findings of the hepatobiliary system that may aid to clinch the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis.200618603946
risk profiles of pork and poultry meat and risk ratings of various pathogen/product combinations.risk profiles of pork and poultry meat were carried out using an excel-based software program, risk ranger. it is a semi-quantitative risk estimator answering various questions relating to the probability of exposure to a hazard, susceptibility of the population of interest, severity of the illness caused by the hazard if present and probability of food containing an infectious dose. therefore, qualitative and quantitative inputs were used to estimate and rank the risk of various hazards/food co ...200818602180
hepatitis e virus in isfahan province: a population-based study.hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted acute viral hepatitis with the highest incidence in asia, africa, the middle east, and central america. there are few published data on the epidemiology of the infection in iran. hence, this study was carried out to evaluate anti-hev seroprevalence in isfahan province, iran.200918599335
impact of exogenous sequences on the characteristics of an epidemic type 2 recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus.pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cvdpvs) have become a major obstacle to the successful completion of the global polio eradication program. most cvdpvs are recombinant between the oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) and human enterovirus species c (hev-c). to study the role of hev-c sequences in the phenotype of cvdpvs, we generated a series of recombinants between a madagascar cvdpv isolate and its parental opv type 2 strain. results indicated that the hev-c sequences present in t ...200818579607
isolation, detection and characterization of swine hepatitis e virus from herds in costa rica.although swine hev isolates from north america, europe, and asia have been genetically characterized, little is known about the strains presumed to be circulating in latin america. in this study, seven commercial swine production sites in costa rica were surveyed for hev. using rt-pcr, with primers located in orf2, 19/52 fecal samples produced a product of the expected size following two rounds of amplification. most positive samples were from swine between the ages of 1.5 and 4 months. this stu ...200818569145
development and validation of a negative-strand-specific reverse transcription-pcr assay for detection of a chicken strain of hepatitis e virus: identification of nonliver replication sites.as a positive-strand rna virus, hepatitis e virus (hev) produces an intermediate negative-strand rna when it replicates. thus, the detection of negative-strand viral rna is indicative of hev replication. the objective of this study was to develop a negative-strand-specific reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay for the identification of extrahepatic sites of hev replication. briefly, a 494-bp fragment within the orf1 gene of a chicken strain of hev (designated avian hev) was amplified and clon ...200818562592
hepatitis e virus infection dynamics and organic distribution in naturally infected pigs in a farrow-to-finish farm.the objective of the present study was to determine the pattern of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in a naturally infected, farrow-to-finish herd. for that purpose, a prospective study was conducted in randomly selected 19 sows and 45 piglets. blood samples were collected from sows at 1 week post-farrowing and from piglets at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 22 weeks of age. furthermore 3 or 5 animals were necropsied at each bleeding day (but at 1 week of age), and serum, bile, liver, mesenteric lym ...200818562132
hepatitis e virus-related cirrhosis in kidney- and kidney-pancreas-transplant recipients.hepatitis e virus (hev) infection was thought to be responsible for acute hepatitis that did not become chronic. however, we have recently reported that hev infection can evolve to chronic hepatitis, at least in solid-organ transplant patients. we report on two cases of rapidly progressive of hev-related cirrhosis that occurred in two organ-transplant patients. case 1: a kidney-pancreas-transplant patient developed acute hev hepatitis 60 months after transplantation, which evolved to chronicity ...200818557740
seroprevalence of hepatitis e in nahavand, islamic republic of iran: a population-based study.a 2-month community-based survey in february/march of 2003 was carried out to study the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in nahavand, islamic republic of iran. from each of 6 urban regions of nahavand, 304 inhabitants > or = 6 years were recruited through systematic random sampling (total 1824). participants were tested for anti-hev igg using elisa. the overall seroprevalence of hev was 9.3% (95% ci: 8.2%-10.9%). based on multivariate adjustment, only sex (or = 1.61, 95% ci: 1 ...200818557463
a recombinant subunit vaccine formulation protects against lethal nipah virus challenge in cats.nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are closely related deadly zoonotic paramyxoviruses that have emerged and re-emerged over the last 10 years. in this study, a subunit vaccine formulation containing only recombinant, soluble, attachment glycoprotein from hev (sg(hev)) and cpg adjuvant was evaluated as a potential niv vaccine in the cat model. different amounts of sg(hev) were employed and sg-induced immunity was examined. vaccinated animals demonstrated varying levels of niv-specific ig s ...200818556094
[hepatitis e: vaccine in a near future?]. 200818556093
investigation of hepatitis e virus infection in swine from hunan province, china.nine hundred and four serum samples were collected from pigs from 16 pig farms in china's hunan province and tested for anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) antibody and the hev capsid antigen using eias. of the 904 samples, 617 (68.3%) and 57 (6.3%) were positive for anti-hev antibody and antigen, respectively. the prevalence of hev antibodies and detection of antigen varied significantly among pigs from different farms (p < 0.01). the positivity rate for anti-hev antibody and occurrence of high titer ...200818551612
the detection and characterization of hepatitis e virus in pig livers from retail markets of india.the zoonotic transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) is a well-established fact and pigs are known reservoirs of the virus. the human and swine hev from countries such as the usa, japan and taiwan, show a remarkable sequence identity. swine liver samples from markets in japan and us were shown to be hev rna positive. in contrast, in india, viruses belonging to different genotypes, that is, genotypes 1 and 4 circulate in humans and pigs respectively, at least for the last 20 years. to assess poss ...200818551611
cross-species infection of specific-pathogen-free pigs by a genotype 4 strain of human hepatitis e virus.hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important pathogen. the animal strain of hev, swine hev, is related to human hev. the genotype 3 swine hev can infect humans and genotype 3 human hev can infect pigs. the genotype 4 swine and human hev strains are genetically related, but it is unknown whether genotype 4 human hev can infect pigs. a swine bioassay was utilized in this study to determine whether genotype 4 human hev can infect pigs. fifteen, 4-week-old, specific-pathogen-free pigs were divided into t ...200818551597
occupational exposure to hepatitis e virus (hev) in swine workers.the aim of this work was to study the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) and the risk factors for the acquisition of the virus in a population in contact with swine and unexposed to swine. a total of 198 individuals, 97 unexposed (49%) and 101 exposed (51%) to swine, were tested for the presence of hev infection. the prevalence of anti-hev igg in the exposed group was 18.8% versus 4.1% in the unexposed to swine group. people exposed to swine were observed to be 5.4 times (p = 0.03) at risk of ...200818541786
[hepatitis e: an emerging disease?].although hepatitis e is one of the most important cause of acute clinical hepatitis in young adults throughout the developing world, hepatitis e is rare in western countries (25 to 60 annually by country). in these countries, clinical hepatitis is more common in older people (over 50 years). the possible transmission zoonotically (principally) from swine reservoir opens unexpected insights as an emerging disease. direct foodborne and occupational exposure to pigs have been identified as routes o ...200918538952
widespread diffusion of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus among farming swine in northern italy.hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute hepatitis in humans, and infects several animal species, mostly asymptomatically. swine and human hev strains are genetically related suggesting both a zoonotic and a possible foodborne transmission. the prevalence of swine hev was investigated in 274 randomly selected pigs from six different swine farms of northern italy, testing viral rna in stools by nested reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. hev genome was detected in 115 stools (42%). all fa ...200818538512
molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of a hepatitis e virus from european swine.hepatitis e virus (hev) has been detected in humans and in a broad range of animals, including pigs. for the first time the full-length genomic sequence of a hev of european porcine origin, termed swx07-e1, was determined. comparative analysis of 76 complete or nearly complete nucleotide sequences showed that swx07-e1 shares the highest nucleotide identity with japanese swine hev swj8-5 and swj12-4. the whole-genome phylogenetic analysis showed that swx07-e1 from europe belongs to genotype-3 hev ...200818535896
[the preliminary analysis of the recognition epitopes of anti-hev monoclonal antibodies on hev orf2].western blot, capture-pcr, blocking elisa and synthetic polypeptides were used to systematically study the recognition epitopes on hev orf2 of 23 anti-hev monoclonal antibodies(mcabs) which were previously generated in our laboratory directed against hev orf2. results showed that seven mcabs recognized linear epitopes that located at aa408-458 of hev orf2 and 16 conformation-dependent mcabs, most of which recognized the surface epitopes of native hev, located at aa459-606 of hev orf2. the system ...200818533338
[case of domestically infected hepatitis e with marked thrombocytopenia].a 52-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for fever, jaundice, and general malaise. laboratory data revealed elevated serum liver enzyme levels (ast 2377iu/l, alt 2756iu/l) and bilirubin (t-bil 3.7 mg/dl). blood count showed a marked decrease of platelets (2.0 x 10(4)/microl). serological and virological analysis showed positive results for hev igm and hev rna, indicating a diagnosis of acute hepatitis e. the serum ferritin level was also markedly elevated (23200 ng/ml). a diagnosis of viru ...200818525191
chronic hepatitis e and organ transplants. 200818525056
prevalence of four different subgenotypes of genotype 4 hepatitis e virus among swine in the shanghai area of china.hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic pathogen of which swine was reported as major reservoirs. hev has been divided into 4 different genotypes according to phylogenetic analysis. recent reports showed that genotype 4 hev is freely transmitted between humans and swine in eastern china, including shanghai area. this paper investigated the recent infection status of hev among swine population of shanghai area in china.200818513433
henipaviruses: a new family of emerging paramyxoviruses.paramyxoviruses have been implicated in both animal and human infections. some viruses, such as morbilliviruses are responsible for large-scale epidemics. however, there are limited observations of these viruses crossing the host species barrier in nature. in 1994, in australia a fatal infection in horses and humans was identified to be caused by a new paramyxovirus, hendra virus (hev), and in 1998 in malaysia, a closely related virus, nipah virus (niv) was responsible for fatal infections in pi ...200918511217
hepatitis e: a curious zoonosis.hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for large waterborne epidemics of acute hepatitis in endemic regions and for sporadic autochthonous cases in non endemic regions. although the water vector has been thoroughly documented in endemic regions, very little is known about the modes of contamination occurring in non endemic regions. unlike the other hepatitis viruses, hev has an animal reservoir. several lines of evidence, such as the results of phylogenic analysis and studies on direct contamina ...200818508725
double-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis e virus-specific antibodies in human or swine sera.a new double-antigen sandwich-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of total antibodies (immunoglobulin g [igg] and igm) specific for hepatitis e virus (hev) was developed by utilizing well-characterized recombinant protein et2.1 and its peroxidase-labeled counterpart. our study showed that the elisa detected all the positive patient samples (n = 265) regardless of whether they contained igm or igg antibodies, or both, while it maintained an excellent specificity of 9 ...200818495846
severe thrombocytopenia associated with acute hepatitis e virus infection.we describe here what is, to the best of our knowledge, the third reported case of severe thrombocytopenia associated with acute hepatitis e virus infection. the patient was a 72-year-old french woman. it seems likely that the cause of the thrombocytopenia was acute hepatitis e virus infection, possibly occurring via an immune mechanism. no complications were noted, in contrast to the two previous reports.200818480231
non-travel related hepatitis e virus genotype 3 infections in the netherlands; a case series 2004 - 2006.human hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are considered an emerging disease in industrialized countries. in the netherlands, hepatitis e virus (hev) infections have been associated with travel to high-endemic countries. non-travel related hev of genotype 3 has been diagnosed occasionally since 2000. a high homology of hev from humans and pigs suggests zoonotic transmission but direct molecular and epidemiological links have yet to be established. we conducted a descriptive case series to generat ...200818462508
the hepatitis e virus orf3 protein modulates epidermal growth factor receptor trafficking, stat3 translocation, and the acute-phase response.the hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute viral hepatitis, but its characterization is hampered by the lack of an efficient in vitro infection system that can be used to study the effects of hev proteins on cellular processes. previous studies suggest that the viral orf3 protein (porf3) is essential for infection in vivo and is likely to modulate the host response. here, we report that porf3 localizes to early and recycling endosomes and causes a delay in the postinternalization trafficking of ep ...200818448545
hepatitis viruses causing pancreatitis and hepatitis: a case series and review of literature.association between acute pancreatitis and acute viral hepatitis (avh) is more frequent than previously thought. most cases are hepatitis a or b virus related. only 6 cases of acute pancreatitis with acute hepatitis e virus (hev)-related hepatitis has been reported so far.200818437090
[the investigation of hev epidemiology, inferior clinical infection and viral-toxemia in blood donors in quzhou area].to investigate the infection of hev in quzhou area of zhejiang province.200818414699
[epidemiological survey on the infection of hepatitis e virus among pigs in henan province].to investigate hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among pigs in henan province.200818414692
[isolation of hepatitis e virus from liver of swine at abattoirs in shandong province].to determine the prevalence and genotype of hepatitis e virus (hev) in swine liver before on the market and to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between the isolates from swine and human.200718399152
etiology of fulminant hepatic failure: experience from a tertiary hospital in bangladesh.fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is not uncommon in our clinical practice in bangladesh. there was a rise in acute hepatitis e virus (hev) in bangladesh after the 2004 floods. at that time, most of the country was under water for more than a month, leading to sewage contamination of the water supply. the aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of fhf in bangladesh.200818397851
[identification of a novel antigenic epitope on gst fusion-expressed and orf2-encoded proteins of hepatitis e virus].to investigate the effect of a gst tag on the antigenic structure of gst fusion-expressed and orf2-encoded recombinant proteins of hepatitis e virus (hev).200818394332
hepatitis e, central african republic. 200818394300
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of recombinant hepatitis e virus-like particle.hepatitis e virus (hev) accounts for the majority of enterically transmitted hepatitis infections worldwide. currently, there is no specific treatment for or vaccine against hev. the major structural protein is derived from open reading frame (orf) 2 of the viral genome. a potential oral vaccine is provided by the virus-like particles formed by a protein construct of partial orf3 protein (residue 70-123) fused to the n-terminus of the orf2 protein (residues 112-608). single crystals obtained by ...200818391436
aetiology, clinical profile and prognostic indicators for children with acute liver failure admitted in a teaching hospital in kolkata.to estimate the prevalence of hepatotropic viruses in the causation of acute liver failure in children admitted to a tertiary hospital in kolkata.200718384007
chronic hepatitis e virus infection in liver transplant recipients.hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is known to run a self-limiting course. sporadic cases of acute hepatitis due to infection with hev genotype 3, present in pig populations, are increasingly recognized. zoonotic transmission seems infrequent. the entity of unexplained chronic hepatitis after liver transplantation has been recognized. detection of hev in 2 liver transplant recipients triggered a review of these cases. freeze-stored sera were available for retrospective analysis. hev antibodies we ...200818383084
distinguishing molecular features and clinical characteristics of a putative new rhinovirus species, human rhinovirus c (hrv c).human rhinoviruses (hrvs) are the most frequently detected pathogens in acute respiratory tract infections (artis) and yet little is known about the prevalence, recurrence, structure and clinical impact of individual members. during 2007, the complete coding sequences of six previously unknown and highly divergent hrv strains were reported. to catalogue the molecular and clinical features distinguishing the divergent hrv strains, we undertook, for the first time, in silico analyses of all availa ...200818382652
estimation of hepatitis e virus transmission among pigs due to contact-exposure.locally acquired hepatitis e in humans from industrialized countries has been repeatedly suggested to originate from pigs. pigs may serve as a reservoir of hepatitis e virus (hev) for humans when a typical infected pig causes on average more than one newly infected pig, a property that is expressed by the basic reproduction ratio r(0). in this study, r(0) for hev transmission among pigs was estimated from chains of one-to-one transmission experiments in two blocks of five chains each. per chain, ...200818367077
dual infection with hepatitis a and e viruses in outbreaks and in sporadic clinical cases: cuba 1998-2003.viral hepatitis ranks as the fifth cause of morbidity for infectious diseases in cuba. epidemics are observed frequently in the population, the hepatitis a virus being the main agent responsible for such epidemics. previous reports also confirmed the circulation of the hepatitis e virus. from 1998 to 2003, 258 serum samples were collected by the reference laboratory on viral hepatitis during 33 outbreaks of acute viral hepatitis as well as from 39 sporadic clinical cases. sera were tested for an ...200818360913
cross-protection of hepatitis e virus genotypes 1 and 4 in rhesus macaques.the purpose of this study was to determine cross-protection between hev genotypes 1 and 4, which are prevalent in china. fecal suspensions of genotypes 1 and 4 from patients, as well as genotype 4 from swine, were inoculated intravenously into rhesus macaques. each inoculum contained 5 x 10(4) genome equivalents of hev. after infection, serum and fecal samples were collected serially and the levels of alanine aminotransferase (alt) and anti-hev igg and igm in sera, and hev rna in fecal samples, ...200818360896
immunodominant epitopes mapped by synthetic peptides on the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus are non-protective.avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) was recently discovered in chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the united states. the open reading frame 2 (orf2) protein of avian hev has been shown to cross-react with human and swine hev orf2 proteins, and immunodominant antigenic epitopes on avian hev orf2 protein were identified in the predicted antigenic domains by synthetic peptides. however, whether these epitopes are protective against avian hev infection has not been investigated. in thi ...200818355123
evaluation of two anti-hepatitis e virus igm kits.to evaluate two commercial anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igm kits used for differential diagnosis of acute enteric viral hepatitis.200718348412
isolation of human antibodies against hepatitis e virus from phage display library by immobilized metal affinity chromatography.to isolate human antibodies against hepatitis e virus from phage display library by a new method of panning phage antibody library based on immobilized metal affinity chromatography (imac).200718348408
[viral hepatitis in travellers].considering the geographical asymmetric distribution of viral hepatitis a, b and e, having a much higher prevalence in the less developed world, travellers from developed countries are exposed to a considerable and often underestimated risk of hepatitis infection. in fact a significant percentage of viral hepatitis occurring in developed countries is travel related. this results from globalization and increased mobility from tourism, international work, humanitarian and religious missions or oth ...200818331700
seroepidemiology and molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus in jilin, china.in order to develop region-specific diagnostic assays and prevent hepatitis e virus (hev), it is essential to understand epidemiology and genotypic variation within different populations. however, the epidemiological data of hev infections in jilin is shortage.200818330507
macaque models of human infectious disease.macaques have served as models for more than 70 human infectious diseases of diverse etiologies, including a multitude of agents-bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions. the remarkable diversity of human infectious diseases that have been modeled in the macaque includes global, childhood, and tropical diseases as well as newly emergent, sexually transmitted, oncogenic, degenerative neurologic, potential bioterrorism, and miscellaneous other diseases. historically, macaques played a major rol ...200818323583
[an analysis of the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis b superinfected with acute hepatitis e].to investigate clinical features of the patients with hepatitis b superinfected with acute hepatitis e (ahe).200718322591
prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in children in the northeast of spain.the prevalence of immunoglobulin g (igg) anti-hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) antibodies was studied with a representative sample of 1,249 healthy children aged between 6 and 15 years. igg anti-hev antibodies were detected in 57 (4.6%) of the 1,249 samples analyzed, suggesting that some children are exposed to hev in early childhood.200818321881
prevalence of hepatitis e virus igg antibody in japanese patients with hemophilia.we investigated the prevalence of antibody against hepatitis e virus (hev) in japanese patients with hemophilia.200818309245
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