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biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using lingonberry and cranberry juices and their antimicrobial activity.in this study lingonberry and cranberry juices were used for silver nanoparticle synthesis. the berry juices were characterized by total phenolics, total anthocyanins and benzoic acid content, respectively 1.9-2.7mg/ml, 55.2-83.4mg/l and 590.8-889.2mg/l. the synthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed at room temperature assisting in solutions irradiated by ultraviolet for 30min. ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) spectroscopy and microscopy confirmed the formation of nanoparticles as well as the ...201424988412
inactivation kinetics of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat sliced ham by near-infrared heating at different radiation intensities.the aim of this study was to investigate the inactivation kinetics of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat sliced ham by near-infrared (nir) heating as a function of the processing parameter, radiation intensity. precooked ham slices inoculated with the three pathogens were treated at different nir intensities (ca. 100, 150, and 200 μw/cm(2)/nm). an increase in the applied radiation intensity resulted in a gradual increase ...201424988034
relative survival of four serotypes of salmonella enterica in low-water activity whey protein powder held at 36 and 70°c at various water activity levels.salmonella enterica is not able to grow at water activity (aw) levels below 0.94, but it can survive in low-aw foods for long periods of time. temperature, aw, substrate, and serotype affect its persistence. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of temperature and aw on the relative persistence among four serotypes of salmonella enterica in low-aw whey protein powder. whey protein powder was equilibrated to aws 0.18 ± 0.02 and 0.54 ± 0.03, inoculated with a cocktail of salmonella s ...201424988029
validation of mathematical models for salmonella growth in raw ground beef under dynamic temperature conditions representing loss of refrigeration.temperature is a primary factor in controlling the growth of microorganisms in food. the current u. s. food and drug administration model food code guidelines state that food can be kept out of temperature control for up to 4 h without qualifiers, or up to 6 h, if the food product starts at an initial 41 °f (5 °c) temperature and does not exceed 70 °f (21 °c) at 6 h. this project validates existing combase computer models for salmonella growth under changing temperature conditions modeling scena ...201424988016
use of enrichment real-time pcr to enumerate salmonella on chicken parts.salmonella bacteria that survive cooking or that cross-contaminate other food during meal preparation and serving represent primary routes of consumer exposure to this pathogen from chicken. in the present study, enrichment real-time pcr (qpcr) was used to enumerate salmonella bacteria that contaminate raw chicken parts at retail or that cross-contaminate cooked chicken during simulated meal preparation and serving. whole raw chickens obtained at retail were partitioned into wings, breasts, thig ...201424988013
phenotypic evolution of therapeutic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium after invasion of tramp mouse prostate tumor.salmonella has been of interest in cancer research due to its intrinsic ability to selectively target and colonize within tumors, leading to tumor cell death. current research indicates promising use of salmonella in regular administrations to remove tumors in mouse models while minimizing toxic side effects. however, selection of mutants during such long-term tumor colonization is a safety concern, and understanding selection of certain phenotypes within a tumor is an important consideration in ...201424987088
alteration in lymphocytes responses, cytokine and chemokine profiles in laying hens infected with salmonella typhimurium.salmonella typhimurium has been reported to contaminate egg production across the world, but the exact nature of the immune mechanisms protective against salmonella infection in laying hens has not been characterized at the molecular level. the experiment was conducted to determine salmonella colonization and lymphocytes subpopulation in the ileum and spleen, and the mrna expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (il)-1β and il-6], chemokine il-8, and t helper (th)1/th2 cytokines [in ...201424986046
genotoxicity evaluation of guibi-tang extract using an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosome aberration assay, and in vivo micronucleus test.guibi-tang is a traditional herbal prescription made from 12 different herbs that is used in the treatment of amnesia and poor memory.201424985139
coinfection with an intestinal helminth impairs host innate immunity against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and exacerbates intestinal inflammation in mice.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a gram-negative food-borne pathogen that is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. the ability of the host to control such bacterial pathogens may be influenced by host immune status and by concurrent infections. helminth parasites are of particular interest in this context because of their ability to modulate host immune responses and because their geographic distribution coincides with those parts of the world where infectious gastroenterit ...201424980971
a colonisation-inhibition culture consisting of salmonella enteritidis and typhimurium δhilassraflig strains protects against infection by strains of both serotypes in broilers.consumption of contaminated poultry meat is still an important cause of salmonella infections in humans and there is a need for control methods that protect broilers from day-of-hatch until slaughter age against infection with salmonella. colonisation-inhibition, a concept in which a live salmonella strain is orally administered to day-old chickens and protects against subsequent challenge, can potentially be used as control method. in this study, the efficacy of a salmonella typhimurium δhilass ...201424975814
real-time pcr method combined with immunomagnetic separation for detecting healthy and heat-injured salmonella typhimurium on raw duck wings.conventional culture detection methods are time consuming and labor-intensive. for this reason, an alternative rapid method combining real-time pcr and immunomagnetic separation (ims) was investigated in this study to detect both healthy and heat-injured salmonella typhimurium on raw duck wings. firstly, the ims method was optimized by determining the capture efficiency of dynabeads(®) on salmonella cells on raw duck wings with different bead incubation (10, 30 and 60 min) and magnetic separatio ...201424974274
molecular cloning and functional analysis of duck toll-like receptor 5.toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) is responsible for the recognition of bacterial flagellin in vertebrates. in this study, we cloned the single-exon tlr5 gene of the maya breed of common shelduck (tadorna tadorna). the tlr5 open reading frame is 2580 bp in length and encodes an 859-amino acid protein. the putative amino acid sequence of duck tlr5 consisted of a signal peptide sequence, 11 leucine-rich repeat domains, a leucine-rich repeat c-terminal domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular ...201424972863
deregulation of transition metals homeostasis is a key feature of cadmium toxicity in salmonella.cadmium is a highly toxic metal whose presence in the environment represents a challenge for all forms of life. to improve our knowledge on cadmium toxicity, we have explored salmonella typhimurium responses to this metal. we have found that cadmium induces the concomitant expression of the cation efflux pump znta and of the high affinity zinc import system znuabc. this observation suggests that cadmium accumulation within the cell induces a condition of apparent zinc starvation, possibly due to ...201424970347
towards rapid on-site phage-mediated detection of generic escherichia coli in water using luminescent and visual readout.wild-type t4 bacteriophage and recombinant reporter lac z t4 bacteriophage carrying the β-galactosidase gene were used for detection of generic escherichia coli by monitoring the release of β-galactosidase upon phage-mediated cell lysis. the reaction was performed on a paper-based portable culture device to limit the diffusion of reagents and, hence, increase the sensitivity of the assay, and to avoid handling large sample volumes, making the assay suitable for on-site analysis. chromogenic (chl ...201424969469
fructose-asparagine is a primary nutrient during growth of salmonella in the inflamed intestine.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella) is one of the most significant food-borne pathogens affecting both humans and agriculture. we have determined that salmonella encodes an uptake and utilization pathway specific for a novel nutrient, fructose-asparagine (f-asn), which is essential for salmonella fitness in the inflamed intestine (modeled using germ-free, streptomycin-treated, ex-germ-free with human microbiota, and il10-/- mice). the locus encoding f-asn utilization, fra, provi ...201424967579
association between indoor environmental contamination by salmonella enterica and contamination of eggs on layer farms.this study involves longitudinal and point-in-time surveys of salmonella carriage and environmental contamination on two commercial cage layer farms positive for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (flock a age, 32 weeks; flock b age, 34 weeks). salmonella-positive fecal, egg belt, and dust samples were all unconditionally associated with eggshells testing positive for salmonella. the odds of an eggshell testing positive for salmonella were 91.8, 61.5, and 18.2 times higher w ...201424966362
safety evaluation of zeaxanthin concentrate (omnixan™): acute, subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies.the available evidence suggests a beneficial effect of zeaxanthin against the progression of age-related macular degeneration (amd). the objective of the present study was to investigate potential adverse effects of omnixan™, a rr-zeaxanthin (65%) enriched product obtained from paprika (capsicum annum fruits) in subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies. the oral ld50 of omnixan(tm) in rats was greater than 2000 mg/kgbody weight (bw)/day. for the subchronic toxicity study, wistar rats (10/sex ...201424964014
bacterial genus-specific tolerance for ydci expression.the bacterial ydci gene encodes a highly conserved transcriptional regulatory protein found in a wide range of gram-negative bacteria and is involved in a number of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium phenotypes. given its high conservation, the ydci protein has the potential for studies and applications across bacterial genera. however, no studies have been performed with ydci outside of s. typhimurium. here we report that different gram-negative genera display dramatically different tolera ...201424962596
salmonella methylglyoxal detoxification by stm3117-encoded lactoylglutathione lyase affects virulence in coordination with salmonella pathogenicity island 2 and phagosomal acidification.intracellular pathogens such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) manipulate their host cells through the interplay of various virulence factors. a multitude of such virulence factors are encoded on the genome of s. typhimurium and are usually organized in pathogenicity islands. the virulence-associated genomic stretch of stm3117-3120 has structural features of pathogenicity islands and is present exclusively in non-typhoidal serovars of salmonella. it encodes metabolic en ...201424961952
intestinal epithelium-specific myd88 signaling impacts host susceptibility to infectious colitis by promoting protective goblet cell and antimicrobial responses.intestinal epithelial cells (iecs), including secretory goblet cells, form essential physiochemical barriers that separate luminal bacteria from underlying immune cells in the intestinal mucosa. iecs are common targets for enteric bacterial pathogens, with hosts responding to these microbes through innate toll-like receptors that predominantly signal through the myd88 adaptor protein. in fact, myd88 signaling confers protection against several enteric bacterial pathogens, including salmonella en ...201424958710
long-term dissemination of ctx-m-5-producing hypermutable salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sequence type 328 strains in russia, belarus, and kazakhstan.in this paper, we present evidence of long-term circulation of cefotaxime-resistant clonally related salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains over a broad geographic area. the genetic relatedness of 88 isolates collected from multiple outbreaks and sporadic cases of nosocomial salmonellosis in various parts of russia, belarus, and kazakhstan from 1996 to 2009 was established by multilocus tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). the isolates belong to sequence ...201424957829
suppression of conformation-compromised mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium melb.the crystal structure of the na(+)-coupled melibiose permease of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (melbst) demonstrates that melb is a member of the major facilitator superfamily of transporters. arg residues at positions 295, 141, and 363 are involved in interdomain interactions at the cytoplasmic side by governing three clusters of electrostatic/polar interactions. insertion of (one at a time) glu, leu, gln, or cys at positions r295, r141, and r363, or lys at position r295, inhibits act ...201424957620
analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium variable-number tandem-repeat data for public health investigation based on measured mutation rates and whole-genome sequence comparisons.variable-number tandem repeats (vntrs) mutate rapidly and can be useful markers for genotyping. while multilocus vntr analysis (mlva) is increasingly used in the detection and investigation of food-borne outbreaks caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and other bacterial pathogens, mlva data analysis usually relies on simple clustering approaches that may lead to incorrect interpretations. here, we estimated the rates of copy number change at each of the five loci co ...201424957617
amelioration of salmonellosis in pre-weaned dairy calves fed saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products in feed and milk replacer.salmonellosis is an insidious and potentially epidemic problem in pre-weaned dairy calves. managing this disease, or any other diarrheal disease, is a financial burden to producers. calf mortalities and medicinal treatments are overt costs of salmonellosis, while hidden costs include hampered weight gains and persistent intestinal colonization of the pathogen. in this study, we examined the anti-salmonella effects of saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (scfp) incorporated into both th ...201424954478
a rationally designed form of the tlr5 agonist, flagellin, supports superior immunogenicity of influenza b globular head vaccines.previously, we demonstrated that for h1n1 and h5n1 influenza strains, the globular head of the hemagglutinin (ha) antigen fused to flagellin of salmonella typhimurium fljb (stf2) is highly immunogenic in preclinical models and man (song et al. (2008) [13]; song et al. (2009) [14]; taylor et al. (2012) [12]). further we showed that the vaccine format, or point of attachment of the vaccine antigen to flagellin, can dramatically affect the immunogenicity and safety profile of the vaccine. however, ...201424950354
methods for the development of tumor-targeting bacteria.for at least two centuries, there have been reports that cancer patients infected with various bacteria had what appeared to be spontaneous remission. in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, w.b. coley, of what is now the memorial sloan-kettering cancer center, pioneered bacterial therapy of cancer in the clinic with considerable success. after coley died in 1936, bacterial therapy of cancer started to go out of favor. in the current twenty-first century, there is great resurgent i ...201424949888
a simple, rapid, cost-effective and sensitive method for detection of salmonella in environmental and pecan samples.pcr is widely used in the routine detection of foodborne human pathogens; however, challenges remain in overcoming pcr inhibitors present in some sample matrices. the objective of this study was to develop a simple, sensitive, cost-effective and rapid method for processing large numbers of environmental and pecan samples for salmonella detection. this study was also aimed at validation of a new protocol for the detection of salmonella from in-shell pecans.201424947913
dam methylation regulates the expression of spi-5-encoded sopb gene in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.dna adenine methylation is an essential factor in salmonella virulence. here, we investigate the involvement of dna adenine methylase (dam) in the expression and translocation of a spi-5-encoded effector of s. typhimurium. sopb expression and secretion were determined using sopb-flag-tagged wild type and dam strains of s. typhimurium. western blot and quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr analysis showed that the dam mutant expresses lower levels of sopb protein and sopb mrna than the wild type ...201424947562
metabolic engineering of salmonella vaccine bacteria to boost human vγ2vδ2 t cell immunity.human vγ2vδ2 t cells monitor isoprenoid metabolism by recognizing foreign (e)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (hmbpp), a metabolite in the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway used by most eubacteria and apicomplexan parasites, and self isopentenyl pyrophosphate, a metabolite in the mevalonate pathway used by humans. whereas microbial infections elicit prolonged expansion of memory vγ2vδ2 t cells, immunization with prenyl pyrophosphates or aminobisphosphonates elicit short-ter ...201424943221
comparative in vitro toxicity of nitrosamines and nitramines associated with amine-based carbon capture and storage.amine-based co2 capture is a prime contender for the first full-scale implementation of co2 capture at fossil fuel-fired power plants postcombustion. however, the formation of potentially carcinogenic n-nitrosamines and n-nitramines from reactions of flue gas nox with the amines presents a potential risk for contaminating airsheds and drinking water supplies. setting regulatory emission limits is hampered by the dearth of toxicity information for the n-nitramines. this study employed quantitativ ...201424940705
serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and pfge typing of salmonella enterica strains isolated from 2007-2012 in guangdong, china.salmonella enterica includes the major serovars associated with human salmonellosis. in this study, 1764 clinical salmonella enterica isolates from diarrhea outpatients were collected from fifteen cities in guangdong province, china, between 2007 and 2012. these isolates represent all of the salmonella isolates collected from the province during that period.201424939394
timeliness of salmonella typhimurium notifications after the introduction of routine mlva typing in nsw.salmonella typhimurium is the most common bacterial cause of gastrointestinal disease in nsw. regular review of surveillance procedures ensures system objectives are met and informs improvements in system utility and efficiency. this paper assesses the timeliness and data completeness of nsw salmonella typhimurium surveillance after the routine introduction of multilocus variable repeat analysis (mlva), a rapid sub-typing technique. mlva results were available significantly earlier than alternat ...201424939225
the small rna ryhb homologs from salmonella typhimurium participate in the response to s-nitrosoglutathione-induced stress.typically, the expression of srnas is activated in response to environmental stimuli in order to regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms. in the present work we show that the salmonellatyphimurium paralogous srnas ryhb-1 and ryhb-2 are induced in response to the nitrosating agent s-nitrosoglutathione (gsno). inactivation of these srnas decreased s. typhimurium resistance to gsno and increased the levels of nitrosylated proteins. these results prompted us to evaluate a po ...201424937451
evaluation of ceftiofur-phbv microparticles in rats.despite the high number of antibiotics used for the treatment of infectious disease in animals, the development of slow release formulations presents a significant challenge, particularly in using novel biomaterials with low cost. in this report, we studied the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and therapeutic activity of ceftiofur-phbv (ceftiofur-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)) in rats. the pharmacokinetic study demonstrated a sustained release of ceftiofur into the bloodstream, with de ...201424936127
unique helicase determinants in the essential conjugative trai factor from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium plasmid pcu1.the widespread development of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major health emergency. conjugative dna plasmids, which harbor a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes, also encode the protein factors necessary to orchestrate the propagation of plasmid dna between bacterial cells through conjugative transfer. successful conjugative dna transfer depends on key catalytic components to nick one strand of the duplex dna plasmid and separate the dna strands while cell-to-cell transfer occurs. the ...201424936053
identification and characterization of outer membrane vesicle-associated proteins in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a primary cause of enteric diseases and has acquired a variety of virulence factors during its evolution into a pathogen. secreted virulence factors interact with commensal flora and host cells and enable salmonella to survive and thrive in hostile environments. outer membrane vesicles (omvs) released from many gram-negative bacteria function as a mechanism for the secretion of complex mixtures, including virulence factors. we performed a proteomic anal ...201424935973
preventing adhesion of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium lt2 on tomato surfaces via ultrathin polyethylene glycol film.this work deals with adhesion of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 (s. typhimurium lt2) on polyethylene glycol (peg) coated tomato surfaces. peg coating was characterized by water contact angle technique, scanning electron microscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. it was shown that peg films could physisorb on the tomato surfaces after the oxygen plasma treatment, which made some outermost layers of the surfaces hydrophilic. bacterial ...201424935688
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid electrospun into poly(d,l-lactide) (pdlla)/poly(ethylene oxide) (peo) nanofibers inhibited the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in recent years has restricted the treatment options for various infectious diseases. investigation of alternative antimicrobial agents and therapies is thus of utmost importance. electrospinning of 50 mg/ml 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (dhba) into 24 % (w/v) poly(d,l-lactide) (pdlla) and poly(ethylene oxide) (peo) (1:1) produced nanofibers with an average diameter of 401 ± 122 nm. dhba released from the nanofibers (315 ± 0.04 µg/ml within 2 h) ...201424934995
survival of salmonella spp. and fecal indicator bacteria in vietnamese biogas digesters receiving pig slurry.small-scale biogas digesters are widely promoted worldwide as a sustainable technology to manage livestock manure. in vietnam, pig slurry is commonly applied to biogas digesters for production of gas for electricity and cooking with the effluent being used to fertilize field crops, vegetables and fish ponds. slurry may contain a variety of zoonotic pathogens, e.g. salmonella spp., which are able to cause disease in humans either through direct contact with slurry or by fecal contamination of wat ...201424933419
survival, prophage induction, and invasive properties of lysogenic salmonella typhimurium exposed to simulated gastrointestinal conditions.this study was designed to evaluate the viability, prophage induction, invasive ability, and relative gene expression in lysogenic salmonella typhimurium exposed to the simulated gastric juice (sgj) at ph 2 (sgj-2), 3 (sgj-3), 4 (sgj-4), and 5 (sgj-5) for 30 min followed by 0.5 % bile salts for 2 h. the susceptibility of lysogenic s. typhimurium increased with decreasing ph value and increasing bile salt concentration. the lysogenic s. typhimurium cells were least susceptible to sgj-4 and sgj-5, ...201424929817
atmospheric cold plasma inactivation of escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes inoculated on fresh produce.atmospheric cold plasma (acp) represents a potential alternative to traditional methods for non-thermal decontamination of foods. in this study, the antimicrobial efficacy of a novel dielectric barrier discharge acp device against escherichia coli, salmonella enterica typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes inoculated on cherry tomatoes and strawberries, was examined. bacteria were spot inoculated on the produce surface, air dried and sealed inside a rigid polypropylene container. samples were in ...201424929725
use of acetic and citric acids to control salmonella typhimurium in tahini (sesame paste).since tahini and its products have been linked to salmonella illness outbreaks and product recalls in recent years, this study assessed the ability of salmonella typhimurium to survive or grow in commercial tahini and when hydrated (10% w/v in water), treated with 0.1%-0.5% acetic or citric acids, and stored at 37, 21 and 10 °c for 28 d. s. typhimurium survived in commercial tahini up to 28 d but was reduced in numbers from 1.7 to 3.3 log10 cfu/ml. however, in the moist or hydrated tahini, signi ...201424929724
contribution of the no-detoxifying enzymes hmpa, norv and nrfa to nitrosative stress protection of salmonella typhimurium in raw sausages.the antimicrobial action of the curing agent sodium nitrite (nano2) in raw sausage fermentation is thought to mainly depend on the release of cytotoxic nitric oxide (no) at acidic ph. salmonella typhimurium is capable of detoxifying no via the flavohemoglobin hmpa, the flavorubredoxin norv and the periplasmic cytochrome c nitrite reductase nrfa. in this study, the contribution of these systems to nitrosative stress tolerance in raw sausages was investigated. in vitro growth assays of the s. typh ...201424929713
development of a sigde-based real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr for the detection of viable salmonella enterica.salmonella is the most common cause of bacterial food poisoning in humans worldwide. thus, rapid and reliable methods for the detection of this pathogen are required. real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-rt-pcr), which detects the presence of mrna (shorter half-life than dna) has shown great potential for detecting viable pathogens. we recently identified a few new potential specific dna sequences for salmonella enterica using a comparative genomics method (chen et al., ...201424926645
efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r on nude mouse models of metastatic and disseminated human ovarian cancer.we report here the efficacy of tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r (a1-r) on mouse models of disseminated and metastatic ovarian cancer. the proliferation-inhibitory efficacy of a1-r on human ovarian cancer cell lines (skov-3-gfp, ovcar-3-rfp) was initially demonstrated in vitro. orthotopic and dissemination mouse models of ovarian cancer were made with the human ovarian cancer cell line skov-3-gfp. after tumor implantation, the mice were treated with a1-r (5 × 10(7)  colony-forming unit ...201424924355
ampicillin-ester bonded branched polymers: characterization, cyto-, genotoxicity and controlled drug-release behaviour.the development and characterization of novel macromolecular conjugates of ampicillin using branched biodegradable polymers has been described in this study. the conjugates have been prepared coupling the β-lactam antibiotic with branched polymer matrices based on the natural oligopeptide core. the cyto- and genotoxicity of the synthesized polymers were evaluated with a bacterial luminescence test, two protozoan assays and salmonella typhimurium ta1535. the presence of a newly formed covalent bo ...201424914899
radiation-treated ready-to-eat (rte) chicken breast adobo for immuno-compromised patients.usually in hospitals low-bacterial diets are served to immuno-compromised patients (icps). however, low-bacterial diets still pose a high risk of microbial infections and limit the food selection of the patients. thus, pathogen-free dishes must be made available. this study presents the development of pathogen-free ready-to-eat (rte) filipino ethnic food chicken breast adobo, sterilized by exposure to high-dose gamma rays (25 kgy) in combination with conventional treatments. frozen vacuum-packed ...201424912709
gene co-expression network analysis identifies porcine genes associated with variation in salmonella shedding.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a gram-negative bacterium that can colonise the gut of humans and several species of food producing farm animals to cause enteric or septicaemic salmonellosis. while many studies have looked into the host genetic response to salmonella infection, relatively few have used correlation of shedding traits with gene expression patterns to identify genes whose variable expression among different individuals may be associated with differences in salmonella cle ...201424912583
a novel mucosal vaccine targeting peyer's patch m cells induces protective antigen-specific iga responses.mucosal vaccines can induce mucosal immunity, including antigen-specific secretory iga production, to protect from invasion by pathogens and to neutralize toxins at mucosal surfaces. we established an effective antigen-delivering fusion protein, anti-gp2-sa, as a mucosal vaccine. the anti-gp2-sa consists of streptavidin (sa) fused to the antigen-binding fragment region from a mab against glycoprotein 2 (gp2), an antigen-uptake receptor specifically expressed on m cells. anti-gp2-sa targets antig ...201424908678
comparative study of thermal stability of magnetostrictive biosensor between two kinds of biorecognition elements.magnetostrictive biosensors specific to salmonella typhimurium were prepared by immobilizing antibody or phage as biorecognition elements onto the magnetostrictive sensor platform. the sensors were stored at temperatures of 25 °c (room temperature), 45 °c and 65 °c, respectively, and the ability to bind s. typhimurium was detected by testing the resonant frequency shift using a hp network analyzer after exposure to 1 ml of 1×10(9) cfu/ml of s. typhimurium at a predetermined schedule. the binding ...201424907740
immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of cronobacter in powdered infant formula in combination with silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles separation and 16s rrna probe.here we developed a sensitive, specific, and rapid immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of cronobacter. silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles were used to separate nucleic acid from cronobacter lysate and eliminate the interference of food matrices successfully. a couple of 5'-end labeled probes, which was complementary to the 16s ribosomal dna of cronobacter, was used to hybridize with the nucleic acid. the hybrid product, labeled with digoxigenin on one side and biotin on the othe ...201424907538
parenteral administration of attenuated salmonella typhimurium δznuabc is protective against salmonellosis in piglets.a major cause of salmonellosis in humans is the contamination of pork products. infection in pigs can be controlled using bio-security programs, but they are not sufficient in countries where a high level of infection is recorded. in this context, the use of vaccines can represent a valid supplementary method of control. recently, we have demonstrated that an attenuated strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium δznuabc) is protective against systemic and enteric s ...201424907486
synthesis and evaluation of novel dapsone-thalidomide hybrids for the treatment of type 2 leprosy reactions.we synthesized a series of novel dapsone-thalidomide hybrids (3a-i) by molecular hybridization and evaluated their potential for the treatment of type 2 leprosy reactions. all of the compounds had analgesic properties. compounds 3c and 3h were the most active antinociceptive compounds and reduced acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions by 49.8% and 39.1%, respectively. the hybrid compounds also reduced tumor necrosis factor-α levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated l929 cells. compound 3i wa ...201424907144
isolation, purification, and characterization of antimicrobial compound 6-[1,2-dimethyl-6-(2-methyl-allyloxy)-hexyl]-3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-chromen-4-one from penicillium sp. ht-28.a fungal culture (penicillium sp., ht-28), isolated from soil has been evaluated for its bioactivity, which showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and was effective against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) also. statistical optimization of the medium by response surface methodology (rsm) enhanced the antimicrobial activity up to 1.8-fold. column chromatography was used to isolate the active compound (a), which was characterized to be 6-[1,2-dimethyl-6-(2-methyl-allyloxy)- ...201424907043
molecular characterization of thai salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium and serotype 4,5,12:i:- reveals distinct genetic deletion patterns.in order to better understand the relationship between salmonella serotypes typhimurium and its monophasic variant 4,5,12:i:- found in thailand, a total of 138 isolates from various sources were characterized using different molecular subtyping methods (i.e., pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [pfge] and polymerase chain reaction [pcr]) and antibiotic resistance (abr) patterns. pfge revealed 52 distinct band patterns among these isolates, 3 of which were shared between the two serotypes. pcr chara ...201424906076
enhanced bactericidal action of acidified sodium chlorite caused by the saturation of reactants.factors affecting the antibacterial action of acidified sodium chlorite (asc), a widely used disinfectant, have not been determined. this study investigated the significant factors suggesting efficient production method to maximize bactericidal action of asc.201424905216
crosstalk between circadian rhythmicity, mitochondrial dynamics and macrophage bactericidal activity.biological functions show rhythmic fluctuations with 24-hr periodicity regulated by circadian proteins encoded by the so-called 'clock' genes. the absence or deregulation of circadian proteins in mice leads to metabolic disorders and in vitro models have shown that the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages follows a circadian rhythm so showing a link between circadian rhythmicity, metabolism and immunity. recent evidence reveals that mitochondrial shape, position and size, colle ...201424903615
mortality and translocation assay to study the protective capacity of bifidobacterium lactis inl1 against salmonella typhimurium infection in mice.the mouse has been largely used for the study of the protective capacity of probiotics against intestinal infections caused by salmonella. in this work we aimed at comparing the mortality and translocation assay for the study of the protective capacity of the human breast milk-derived strain bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis inl1 on a model of gut infection by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. different doses of s. typhimurium funed and b. animalis subsp. lactis inl 1 ...201424902954
characterization of the effects of heat stress on the dna-intercalating dye evagreen for potential use with the joint biological agent identification and diagnostic system.although advances in real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology and equipment have facilitated field research, only a limited selection of reagents do not require cold storage. this study explored the temperature stability of the commercially available dna-intercalating dye evagreen after exposure to a spectrum of temperatures for 176 days by analyzing quantification cycle (cq) and end fluorescence levels during amplification of the inva gene of salmonella typhimurium. to further chara ...201424902129
mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of six brazilian byrsonima species assessed by the ames test.in various regions of brazil, several species of the genus byrsonima (malpighiaceae) are widely used to treat gastrointestinal complications. this genus has about 150 species of shrubs and trees distributed over the entire neotropical region. various biological activities have been identified in these plants, especially antioxidant, antimicrobial and topical and systemic anti-inflammatory activities. the aim of this study was to investigate the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of hydroalcoholic ...201424898326
in vitro toxicological assessment of iron oxide, aluminium oxide and copper nanoparticles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types.metallic nanoparticles (nps) have a variety of applications in different industries including pharmaceutical industry where these nps are used mainly for image analysis and drug delivery. the increasing interest in nanotechnology is largely associated with undefined risks to the human health and to the environment. therefore, in the present study cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of iron oxide, aluminium oxide and copper nanoparticles were evaluated using most commonly used assays i.e. ames assay, ...201524896217
immunochromatographic strip assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of salmonella typhimurium in artificially contaminated tomato samples.this study was designed to confirm the applicability of a liposome-based immunochromatographic assay for the rapid detection of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) in artificially contaminated tomato samples. to determine the detection limit and pre-enrichment incubation time (10, 12, and 18 h pre-enrichment in 1% buffered peptone water), the tests were performed with different cell numbers of salmonella typhimurium (3 × 10(0), 3 × 10(1), 3 × 10(2), a ...201424896193
synergistic effect and antiquorum sensing activity of nymphaea tetragona (water lily) extract.salmonellosis is a common and widely distributed food borne disease where salmonella typhimurium is one of the most important etiologic agents. the purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of nymphaea tetragona alone and in combination with antibiotics against s. typhimurium. it also aimed to assess the plant for quorum sensing inhibition (qsi) activity and to identify the bioactive compounds. the antibacterial activities of the extract were assessed using broth microd ...201424895589
magnetostrictive particle based biosensors for in situ and real-time detection of pathogens in water.biosensors for in situ detection of pathogenic bacteria in liquid are developed using magnetostrictive particles (msp) as the sensor platform. the sensing elements used are phage e2 against salmonella typhimurium, monoclonal antibody against listeria monocytogenes, polyclonal antibody against escherichia coli, and polyclonal antibody against staphylococcus aureus, respectively. these biosensors were characterized in cultures with different populations ranging from 5 × 10(1) to 5 × 10(8)  cfu/ml. ...201424890794
application of a modified gaseous exposure system to the in vitro toxicological assessment of tobacco smoke toxicants.tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of over 6,000 individual chemical constituents. approximately 150 of these have been identified as 'tobacco smoke toxicants' due to their known toxicological effects. a number of these toxicants are present in the gaseous phase of tobacco smoke. this presents a technical challenge when assessing the toxicological effects of these chemicals in vitro. we have adapted a commercially available tobacco smoke exposure system to enable the assessment of the contributi ...201424889675
plasmid-mediated ampc β-lactamase (cmy-2) gene in salmonella typhimurium isolated from diarrheic pigs in south korea.salmonella resistant to third-generation cephalosporin has been isolated from an increasing number of animals worldwide. the purpose of this study was to examine esbl (extended-spectrum β-lactamases)-producing and pabl (plasmid-mediated ampc β-lactamases)-producing salmonella isolates from pigs in south korea.201424885386
in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of acetone leaf extracts of nine under-investigated fabaceae tree species leads to potentially useful extracts in animal health and productivity.the fabaceae family is the second largest family of medicinal plants, containing more than 490 species which are being used as traditional medicine. the aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activity as well as the cytotoxicity of acetone leaf extracts of nine tree species from the fabaceae family that have not been investigated well previously for possible use in animal health and production.201424885143
phyllanthus wightianus müll. arg.: a potential source for natural antimicrobial agents.phyllanthus wightianus belongs to euphorbiaceae family having ethnobotanical importance. the present study deals with validating the antimicrobial potential of solvent leaf extracts of p. wightianus. 11 human bacterial pathogens (bacillus subtilis, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus epidermidis, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens) and 4 fungal pathogens (cand ...201424883301
microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from rosemary.effects of microwave assisted hydrodistillation (mahd) and conventional hydrodistillation (hd) methods on yield, composition, specific gravity, refractive index, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of rosmarinus officinalis l were studied. the main aroma compounds of rosemary essential oil were found as 1,8-cineole and camphor. trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (teac) values for essential oils extracted by mahd and hd were 1.52 mm/ml oil and 1.95 mm/ml oil, respect ...201424876637
effect of sunlight exposure on the release of intentionally and/or non-intentionally added substances from polyethylene terephthalate (pet) bottles into water: chemical analysis and in vitro toxicity.the effect of sunlight exposure on chemical migration into pet-bottled waters was investigated. bottled waters were exposed to natural sunlight for 2, 6 and 10 days. migration was dependent on the type of water. formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and sb migration increased with sunlight exposure in ultrapure water. in carbonated waters, carbon dioxide promoted migration and only formaldehyde increased slightly due to sunlight. since no aldehydes were detected in non-carbonated waters, we conclude that s ...201424874358
poor weaning transition average daily gain in pigs is not correlated with pathological or immunological markers of enteric disease during a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus outbreak.previous research suggests that enteric disease and poor gut health interact to decrease pig performance. our objective was to determine if light birth weight pigs or those from the bottom 10th percentile of transition adg (tadg) have a higher incidence of pathogen presence or enteric lesions than heavier or faster-growing contemporaries. a total of 1,500 pigs were weighed at birth and divided into 5 birth weight (brw) categories: <1, 1 to 1.25, 1.26 to 1.5, 1.51 to 1.75, and >1.76 kg. at weanin ...201424867935
inflammatory effects of edwardsiella ictaluri lipopolysaccharide modifications in catfish gut.bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) are structural components of the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria and also are potent inducers of inflammation in mammals. higher vertebrates are extremely sensitive to lps, but lower vertebrates, like fish, are resistant to their systemic toxic effects. however, the effects of lps on the fish intestinal mucosa remain unknown. edwardsiella ictaluri is a primitive member of the enterobacteriaceae family that causes enteric septicemia in channel catfish ...201424866806
detection of tem-, shv- and ctx-m-type β-lactamase production among clinical isolates of salmonella species.enteric fever is a major public health problem in developing countries. due to the problem of resistance to first-line drugs and fluoroquinolone, cephalosporins are currently used for treatment of enteric fever. cephalosporin resistance in salmonella spp. is mainly due to production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls). the majority of esbls in salmonella are derivatives of the tem and shv β-lactamase families. the objectives of this study were to detect antibiotic susceptibility patterns, ...201424866367
molecular clonality and detection of class 1 integron in multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica isolates from animal and human in iran.a total of 70 multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella isolates (44 human and 26 poultry) were examined. the conserved segment-pcr, restriction fragment length polymorphism-pcr analysis, and dna sequencing were used to determine the presence and cassette content of integrons. the genetic relatedness among the isolates was examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the rate of integron carriage for mdr salmonella isolates was 91.4% and integron-positive isolates belonged to six distinct ser ...201424866249
effect of methylglyoxal on multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa.honey has a complex chemistry, and its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity varies with floral source, climate, and harvesting conditions. methylglyoxal was identified as the dominant antibacterial component of manuka honey. although it has been known that methylglyoxal has antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, there is not much information describing its activity against gram-negative ...201424860556
salmonella typhi shda: pseudogene or allelic variant?shda from salmonella typhimurium (shdastm) is a large outer membrane protein that specifically recognizes and binds to fibronectin. shdastm is involved in the colonization of the cecum and the peyer's patches of terminal ileum in mice. on the other hand, shda gene from salmonella typhi (shdasty) has been considered a pseudogene (i.e. a nonfunctional sequence of genomic dna) due to the presence of deletions and mutations that gave rise to premature stop codons. in this work we show that, despite ...201424859062
spectroscopic and biological studies of new binuclear metal complexes of a tridentate ons hydrazone ligand derived from 4-amino-6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2h)-one and 4,6-diacetylresorcinol.the binuclear hydrazone, h2l, ligand derived from 4-amino-6-methyl-3-thioxo-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5(2h)-one and 4,6-diacetylresorcinol, in the molar ratio 2:1, and its copper(ii), nickel(ii), cobalt(ii), zinc(ii), cadmium(ii), cerium(iii), iron(iii), oxovanadium(iv) and dioxouranium(vi) complexes have been synthesized. structures of the ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, spectral (infrared, electronic, mass, 1h nmr and esr) data, magnetic susceptibility, ...201424858350
antagonistic mechanisms of synbiosis between lactobacillus plantarum cif17an2 and green banana starch in the proximal colon model challenged with salmonella typhimurium.antagonistic mechanisms of lactobacillus plantarum cif17an2 (an infant isolate), saba starch, and their synbiotic combination against salmonella typhimurium sa2093 were evaluated. the anti-salmonella activity was investigated under the competitive niche of fecal microbiota using the simulated proximal colon model. the alterations of the dominant fecal microbiota and beneficial bacteria were also displayed using fish and pcr-dgge techniques. l. plantarum cif17an2 exhibited anti-salmonella mechani ...201424858321
identification of a salmonella ancillary copper detoxification mechanism by a comparative analysis of the genome-wide transcriptional response to copper and zinc excess.copper and zinc are essential metal ions, but toxic in excess. bacteria have evolved different strategies to control their intracellular concentrations, ensuring proper supply while avoiding toxicity, including the induction of metal-specific as well as non-specific mechanisms. we compared the transcriptional profiles of salmonella typhimurium after exposure to either copper or zinc ions in both rich and minimal media. besides metal-specific regulatory networks many global stress-response pathwa ...201424858080
comparison of the sensitivity of strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in the detection of mutagenicity induced by nitroarenes.the use of strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium with different metabolic capacities can indicate the class or classes of compounds present in an environmental sample and enable the diagnosis of the mutagenic activity of these pollutants adsorbed on particulate matter (pm) in the air. in the present study, the sensitivity of salmonella strains ta98nr, ta98/1,8-dnp₆, yg1021, and yg1024 to detect nitro compounds adsorbed on samples of pm 2.5 was compared from three sites in rio de jan ...201424854446
fusaric acid modulates type three secretion system of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.natural small-molecule products are promising lead compounds for developing a generation of novel antimicrobials agents to meet the challenge of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. to facilitate the search for novel anti-virulence agents, we chose a virulence factor of type three secretion system (t3ss) as a drug target to screen candidates from a small-molecule library in our laboratory. this study demonstrated fusaric acid had dramatically inhibitory effects on secretion of salmonella island 1 (sp ...201424853802
infrared sensor-based aerosol sanitization system for controlling escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes on fresh produce.an economical aerosol sanitization system was developed based on sensor technology for minimizing sanitizer usage, while maintaining bactericidal efficacy. aerosol intensity in a system chamber was controlled by a position-sensitive device and its infrared value range. the effectiveness of the infrared sensor-based aerosolization (isa) system to inactivate escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes on spinach leaf surfaces was compared with conventional aerosoli ...201424853521
temperature effects on the antimicrobial efficacy of condensed smoke and lauric arginate against listeria and salmonella.condensed smoke or liquid smoke (ls) and lauric arginate (lae) are antimicrobials used in food preservation. they have demonstrated abilities to reduce or inhibit pathogenic and spoilage organisms. few studies, however, have reported on the effectiveness of ls or lae over the range of temperatures typically encountered in food marketing channels. therefore, the effects of temperature on the antimicrobial properties of two commercial ls fractions, an ls derived from pecan shells, and lae against ...201424853515
comparing the behavior of multidrug-resistant and pansusceptible salmonella during the production and aging of a gouda cheese manufactured from raw milk.outbreaks of salmonellosis have been linked to the consumption of cheese, and emerging multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains of salmonella may be more virulent and more tolerant than less resistant strains to stresses encountered in food production, which may enhance the survival of these resistant strains in cheese. this study was conducted to compare the behavior of mdr and pansusceptible salmonella strains during the manufacture and aging of gouda cheese and compare pathogen recovery via several ...201424853511
broad-spectrum anti-biofilm peptide that targets a cellular stress response.bacteria form multicellular communities known as biofilms that cause two thirds of all infections and demonstrate a 10 to 1000 fold increase in adaptive resistance to conventional antibiotics. currently, there are no approved drugs that specifically target bacterial biofilms. here we identified a potent anti-biofilm peptide 1018 that worked by blocking (p)ppgpp, an important signal in biofilm development. at concentrations that did not affect planktonic growth, peptide treatment completely preve ...201424852171
targeting orthotopic glioma in mice with genetically engineered salmonella typhimurium.with the growing interests of bacteria as a targeting vector for cancer treatment, diverse genetically engineered salmonella has been reported to be capable of targeting primary or metastatic tumor regions after intravenous injection into mouse tumor models. the purpose of this study was to investigate the capability of the genetically engineered salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) to access the glioma xenograft, which was monitored in mouse brain tumor models using optical bioluminescence i ...201424851147
genotoxicity and subacute toxicity studies of a new astaxanthin-containing phaffia rhodozyma extract.experimental and clinical studies demonstrate that astaxanthin (axn), a xanthophyll carotenoid, has protective effects against oxidative damage. because most of these studies assessed axn derived from haematococcus pluvialis that were cultivated at industrial scales, few studies have examined the toxicity of axn derived from phaffia rhodozyma. to evaluate the safety of astaxanthin-containing p. rhodozymaextract (axn-pre), genotoxicity was assessed in bacterial reverse mutation test and mouse bon ...201424849672
a salmonella typhimurium mutant strain capable of rnai delivery: higher tumor-targeting and lower toxicity.bacteria are highly versatile and useful tools that could deliver short interfering rna. in this study, a phop/phoq double-deleted salmonella typhimurium named vnp(phop/q(-)) based on the genetic background of vnp20009. the biological safety and function of vnp(phop/q(-)) were also analyzed. our study revealed the following results: (1) vnp(phop/q(-)) exhibited lower titers in tumor-free livers and spleens than vnp20009, (2) the survival of vnp(phop/q(-)) in macrophages and 4t1 tumor cells was s ...201424842165
effects of bacteria‑mediated reprogramming and antibiotic pretreatment on the course of colitis in mice.since the original study by takahashi and yamanaka in 2006, there have been significant advances in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells. however, to the best of our knowledge, all of the studies published to date are based on ex vivo gene delivery and subsequent reimplantation of the cells. by contrast, in vivo reprogramming allows the direct administration of dna encoding the reprogramming factors into the target tissue. in our previous study we demonstrated the beneficial effects of sa ...201424841084
transfusion of stored blood impairs host defenses against gram-negative pathogens in mice.although human red blood cell (rbc) units may be refrigerator stored for up to 42 days, transfusion of older rbcs acutely delivers a large bolus of iron to mononuclear phagocytes. similarly, iron dextran circulates in plasma for hours to days and is progressively cleared by mononuclear phagocytes, which return iron to plasma. finally, malaria infection continuously delivers iron to macrophages by intra- and extravascular hemolysis. studies suggest that iron administration increases infectious ri ...201424840185
faecal pollution loads in the wastewater effluents and receiving water bodies: a potential threat to the health of sedibeng and soshanguve communities, south africa.the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated effluents has been identified among the activities responsible for the spread of a wide range of potentially infectious agents. the aim of this study was to determine whether inadequate treatment of wastewater and the faecal pollution load of effluents and receiving water bodies in sedibeng district and soshanguve peri-urban area of the tshwane metropolitan municipality could be a potential threat to the health of the surrounding communities. va ...201424838129
investigating the potential of under-utilised plants from the asteraceae family as a source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant extracts.antimicrobial properties of ethanol and water extracts from eight asteraceae species were investigated against three gram positive (staphylococcus aureus, mrsa and bacillus cereus) and two gram negative (escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium) bacterial strains. ethanol extracts from centaurea scabiosa, arctium minus, taraxacum officinale, centaurea nigra and cirsium palustre demonstrated antimicrobial activity against strains of s. aureus, mrsa and b. cereus (mic=187.5-365μg/ml). ethanol e ...201424837924
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium immunotherapy for b-cell lymphoma induces broad anti-tumour immunity with therapeutic effect.despite the efficacy of current immune-chemotherapy for treatment of b-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma, a substantial proportion of patients relapse, highlighting the need for new therapeutic modalities. the use of live microorganisms to develop anti-tumoural therapies has evolved since coley's toxin and is now receiving renewed attention. salmonella typhimurium has been shown to be highly effective as an anti-tumour agent in many solid cancer models, but it has not been used in haemato-oncology. here ...201424834964
laboratory monitoring of bacterial gastroenteric pathogens salmonella and shigella in shanghai, china 2006-2012.in 2006 we initiated an enhanced laboratory-based surveillance of salmonella and shigella infections in shanghai, china. a total of 4483 salmonella and 2226 shigella isolates were recovered from stool specimens by 2012. in 80 identified salmonella serovars, enteritidis (34·5%) and typhimurium (26·2%) were the most common. shigella (s.) sonnei accounted for 63·9% of human shigella infections over the same time period, and replaced s. flexneri to become the primary cause of shigellosis since 2010. ...201524831293
in vivo ifn-γ secretion by nk cells in response to salmonella typhimurium requires nlrc4 inflammasomes.natural killer (nk) cells are a critical part of the innate immune defense against viral infections and for the control of tumors. much less is known about how nk cells contribute to anti-bacterial immunity. nk cell-produced interferon gamma (ifn-γ) contributes to the control of early exponential replication of bacterial pathogens, however the regulation of these events remains poorly resolved. using a mouse model of invasive salmonellosis, here we report that the activation of the intracellular ...201424827856
reduction of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 infection in experimentally challenged weaned pigs fed a lactobacillus-fermented feed.salmonella typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen and commonly present on pig farms. probiotics have shown potential as a means of reducing salmonella shedding in pigs. three experimental challenge trials were conducted to investigate the potential application of newly isolated lactobacillus isolates for controlling salmonella infection in pigs. in each trial, 16 yorkshire piglets (28-d old) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: (1) basal diet (bd), (2) naturally fermented (nf) feed ...201424826965
isolation, characterization, and application of bacteriophages for salmonella spp. biocontrol in pigs.foodborne illness due to salmonella-contaminated pork products is an important public health problem, causing significant economic losses worldwide. the use of bacteriophages is a potential intervention tool that has attracted interest for the control of foodborne pathogens. the objective of this study was to detect the presence of salmonella in commercial pig farms and to isolate specific autochthonous bacteriophages against salmonella typhimurium, to characterize them and to evaluate their lyt ...201424823991
pseudaminic acid on campylobacter jejuni flagella modulates dendritic cell il-10 expression via siglec-10 receptor: a novel flagellin-host interaction.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. at present the identity of host-pathogen interactions that promote successful bacterial colonisation remain ill defined. herein, we aimed to investigate c. jejuni-mediated effects on dendritic cell (dc) immunity.201424823621
biochemical and functional characterization of transiently expressed in neural precursor (tenp) protein in emu egg white.a protein transiently expressed in the neural precursors of developing tissues (tenp) was found to be present in emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) egg white as one of the major proteins. nucleotide analysis of its encoding cdna revealed a sequence of 452 amino acids including a 19 amino acid peptide signal. phylogenetic analysis determined that emu tenp was clustered within the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) superfamily together with other avian tenps. rt-pcr analysis revealed t ...201424820544
bile-mediated activation of the acrab and tolc multidrug efflux genes occurs mainly through transcriptional derepression of rama in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.in salmonella typhimurium, the genes encoding the acrab-tolc multidrug efflux system are mainly regulated by the ramra locus, composed of the divergently transcribed rama and ramr genes. the acrab and tolc genes are transcriptionally activated by rama, the gene for which is itself transcriptionally repressed by ramr. previous studies have reported that bile induces acrab in a rama-dependent manner, but none provided evidence for an induction of rama expression by bile. therefore, the objective o ...201424816212
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