Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| biochemical characterization of rous sarcoma virus ma protein interaction with membranes. | the ma domain of retroviral gag proteins mediates association with the host cell membrane during assembly. the biochemical nature of this interaction is not well understood. we have used an in vitro flotation assay to directly measure rous sarcoma virus (rsv) ma-membrane interaction in the absence of host cell factors. the association of purified ma and ma-containing proteins with liposomes of defined composition was electrostatic in nature and depended upon the presence of a biologically releva ... | 2005 | 15858007 |
| chinchilla and murine models of upper respiratory tract infections with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly. while the primary infection is the most serious, reinfection of the upper airway throughout life is the rule. although relatively little is known about either rsv infection of the upper respiratory tract or host mucosal immunity to rsv, recent literature suggests that rsv is the predominant viral pathogen predisposing to bacterial otitis media (om). herein, we describe mouse and c ... | 2005 | 15857989 |
| the immune response to human metapneumovirus is associated with aberrant immunity and impaired virus clearance in balb/c mice. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), recently identified in isolates from children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract illness, is associated with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, asthma exacerbation, and acute bronchiolitis in young children. hmpv has been shown to cocirculate with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and mediate clinical disease features similarly to rsv. little is known regarding the pathophysiology or immune response associated with hmpv infection; thus, animal models are needed ... | 2005 | 15857983 |
| respiratory illness associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to estimate excess morbidity during periods of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) activity. | 2005 | 15855178 |
| development of three multiplex rt-pcr assays for the detection of 12 respiratory rna viruses. | three multiplex hemi-nested rt-pcr assays were developed to detect simultaneously 12 rna respiratory viruses: influenza viruses a, b and c, human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), parainfluenza virus types 1-4 (piv-1, -2, -3 and -4), human coronavirus oc43 and 229e (hcov) and rhinovirus (hrv). an internal amplification control was included in one of the rt-pcr assays. the rt-pcr multiplex 1 and the hemi-nested multiplex 1 detected 1 and 0.1 tcid50 of rsv a, respec ... | 2005 | 15847919 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-specific cd8+ memory t cell responses in elderly persons. | we investigated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific cd8(+) memory t cell responses in healthy control participants (n=31) and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) (n=9), with respect to frequency, memory phenotype, and proliferative requirements. | 2005 | 15838799 |
| genetic variation at the il10 gene locus is associated with severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the intense airway inflammatory response associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may be an important determinant in the severity of the disease. interleukin (il)-10 is a key regulatory cytokine known to be secreted during this infection. we investigated the role that il-10 plays in rsv disease by studying the effects that variation in the il10 gene has on the outcome of the disease. eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) spanning the il10 gene were selected, and haploty ... | 2005 | 15838798 |
| the impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection on endothelin receptor function and release in sheep bronchial explants. | we investigated the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, an important asthma precipitant, on endothelin receptor function and release in sheep bronchial explants. rsv infection was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. since sheep airway smooth muscle contains only endothelin-a receptors, sarafotoxin (stx) s6c did not cause airway contraction. in contrast, sarafotoxin s6c (300 nm) caused contraction in rsv-infected bronchial explants (8 +/- 3% carb ... | 2004 | 15838280 |
| age-dependent differences in cytokine and antibody responses after experimental rsv infection in a bovine model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in both infants and calves. as in humans, bovine rsv (brsv) infections are most severe in the first 6 months of life. in this study, experimental infection with brsv was performed in calves aged 1-5, 9-16 or 32-37 weeks. compared to younger animals, older calves showed significantly less fever and lower tnfalpha levels and less virus-specific ifngamma release. in addition, blood from older animals had more mononuclear cells, mor ... | 2005 | 15837365 |
| a phylogenetic study of human respiratory syncytial viruses group a and b strains isolated in two cities in japan from 1980-2002. | the circulation pattern and genetic evolution of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in japan were examined based on 109 rsv field strains isolated over 20 seasons (1980-2002) in two cities, sapporo and tokyo. the second hypervariable region of the large glycoprotein (g) gene was amplified by rt-pcr and the products sequenced directly. the nucleotide sequences were compared to those representatives of rsv genotypes identified previously. japanese group a and b isolates clustered into five and four ... | 2005 | 15834873 |
| inhibition of toll-like receptor 7- and 9-mediated alpha/beta interferon production in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells by respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus. | human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc) are key sentinels alerting both innate and adaptive immune responses through production of huge amounts of alpha/beta interferon (ifn). ifn induction in pdc is triggered by outside-in signal transduction pathways through toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) and tlr9 as well as by recognition of cytosolic virus-specific patterns. tlr7 and tlr9 ligands include single-stranded rna and cpg-rich dna, respectively, as well as synthetic derivatives thereof which are bein ... | 2005 | 15827165 |
| effects of nonstructural proteins ns1 and ns2 of human respiratory syncytial virus on interferon regulatory factor 3, nf-kappab, and proinflammatory cytokines. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the leading cause of serious pediatric acute respiratory tract infections, and a better understanding is needed of the host response to hrsv and its attenuated vaccine derivatives. it has been shown previously that hrsv nonstructural proteins 1 and 2 (ns1 and ns2) inhibit the induction of alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) in a549 cells and human macrophages. two principal transcription factors for the early ifn-beta and -alpha1 response are interf ... | 2005 | 15827150 |
| rhoa signaling is required for respiratory syncytial virus-induced syncytium formation and filamentous virion morphology. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human pathogen that can cause severe and life-threatening respiratory infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults. rsv infection of hep-2 cells induces the activation of rhoa, a small gtpase. we therefore asked whether rhoa signaling is important for rsv replication or syncytium formation. the treatment of hep-2 cells with clostridium botulinum c3, an enzyme that adp-ribosylates and specifically inactivates rhoa, inhibited rs ... | 2005 | 15827147 |
| progression of respiratory syncytial virus infection monitored by fluorescent quantum dot probes. | we report the use of quantum dots (qds) to identify the presence and monitor the progression of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection over time by labeling the f and g proteins. in addition, co-localization of these viral proteins was shown using confocal microscopy. the implications of these results are that qds may provide a method for early, rapid detection of viral infection and open the door for future studies of the intricate spatial features cell trafficking of viral proteins. | 2005 | 15826092 |
| administration of the first dose of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in infants before hospital discharge: what is the evidence for its benefit? | palivizumab is 1 of 2 agents used to prevent severe lower respiratory tract disease due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the american academy of pediatrics and the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists recommend administering the first dose of rsv immunoprophylaxis to eligible infants before hospital discharge. unfortunately, third-party payers frequently do not separately reimburse administration of this therapy to hospitalized infants. | 2004 | 15823776 |
| soluble interleukin-2 receptor (scd25) and interleukin-10 plasma concentrations are associated with severity of primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | the role of the immune response in the severity of rsv infection was examined by determining plasma concentrations of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), interleukin-10 (il-10), interleukin-2 receptor (scd25) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor ii (stnfr-ii) in 196, previously healthy infants, during acute and convalescence phases of primary rsv infection. the results were analyzed separately for days 1-4 (early) and days 5-7 (late) of symptoms before sample collection and according to disease ... | 2005 | 15809211 |
| plasma interferon-gamma, interleukin-10 and soluble markers of immune activation in infants with primary adenovirus (adv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | adenovirus (adv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are etiological agents of acute respiratory tract infection in infants. long-term prognosis of adv infection includes severe lung damage, bronchiectasis and hyperlucent lung, while rsv infection is associated with development of recurrent wheezing and subsequent asthma. these differences may be related to differences in the primary immune responses elicited by these viruses. in this paper, we investigated the type of cytokine responses and t ... | 2005 | 15809204 |
| concurrent bacterial infection and prolonged mechanical ventilation in infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease. | to identify demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables predictive for a concurrent bacterial pulmonary infection in ventilated infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract disease (lrtd) and investigate antimicrobial drug use. | 2005 | 15803295 |
| defining the timing of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreaks: an epidemiological study. | seasonal rsv infections occur every year and affect particularly children under six months of age. passive immunoprophylaxis with monoclonal antibody palivizumab is recommended in the period with high risk of rsv infection. this study aims to define the period for the southern part of germany (stuttgart area). | 2005 | 15801975 |
| a substitution in rous sarcoma virus integrase that separates its two biologically relevant enzymatic activities. | retroviral integrase prepares viral dna for integration by removing 2 nucleotides from each end of unintegrated dna in a reaction referred to as processing. however, it has been known since the processing assay was first described that avian integrases frequently nick 3 nucleotides, as well as 2 nucleotides, from viral dna ends when reaction mixtures contain mn2+. we now report that specificity for the biologically relevant "-2" site is enhanced when the serine at amino acid 124 of rous sarcoma ... | 2005 | 15795255 |
| primary infection of mice with high titer inoculum respiratory syncytial virus: characterization and response to antiviral therapy. | intranasal infection of balb/c mice with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-a2 (0.5 x 10(8) - 2.0 x 10(8) plaque-forming units, pfu) produced disease characterized by weight loss (2-3 g) and mortality (60%-100%) with the mean day of death ranging from 6-7 d after infection. the extent of rsv disease was inoculum titer-dependent and required a replication competent virus. lung titers of virus peaked at 0.5-1 x 10(6) pfu/g wet weight. bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) levels of il-1beta, tnf-alph ... | 2005 | 15791294 |
| dna immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infant rhesus monkeys. | a dna vaccine was tested in infant rhesus macaques to evaluate its safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy. monkeys were vaccinated and challenged with a clinical isolate of human rsv. vaccinated animals developed humoral and cellular responses following inoculation with plasmid dna encoding the fusion (f) and nucleoprotein (n), from closely related bovine rsv. vaccinated monkeys had decreased rsv in their lungs post-infection, and there was a qualitative difference in histopathology obse ... | 2005 | 15780742 |
| fusion of dsba to the n-terminus of ctl chimeric epitope, f/m2:81-95, of respiratory syncytial virus prolongs protein- and virus-specific ctl responses in balb/c mice. | in an effort to seek a means of inducing long lasting respiratory syncytial virus-specific ctl responses in mice, we constructed a new recombinant protein, dsba-f/m2:81-95, by fusing carrier protein dsba (disulfide bond isomerase) to the n-terminus of ctl chimeric epitope f/m2:81-95 of this virus. dsba-f/m2:81-95 can induce effectively virus-specific ctl responses as well as protective immunity without association with enhanced disease. furthermore, compared with f/m2:81-95 alone, it increases t ... | 2005 | 15780735 |
| evaluation of binax now rsv as an acute point-of-care screening test in a paediatric accident and emergency unit. | point-of-care tests (pocts) for respiratory syncytial virus infections are a useful adjunct to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections in paediatric wards. a new test based on immunochromatography, binax now rsv, was introduced in the winter of 2002-03. it has user friendly features making it particularly suitable for non-laboratory personnel in a paediatric accident and emergency unit. a prospective study comparing the poct with laboratory-based direct immunofluorescence (dif) showe ... | 2004 | 15779800 |
| gene delivery into the chicken embryo by using replication-competent retroviral vectors. | rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-derived retroviral vectors have allowed for efficient gene transfer into the chicken embryo which is a classical model for studying vertebrate development. current evidence reveals that this method can be used for regionally restricted expression, inducible expression, and for interfering with endogenous gene function, suggesting that gain-of-function and loss-of-function strategies for specific genes can be achieved spatially and temporally in the avian embryo. thus, re ... | 2004 | 15779569 |
| seasonality and clinical features of human metapneumovirus infection in children in northern alberta. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) causes respiratory tract infections in all age groups. the characteristics of pediatric hmpv infection in northern alberta have not been studied. the objectives of this study were to determine the seasonality of pediatric hmpv infections over a 13-month period, the genetic relationship of hmpv isolates to hmpv detected in other parts of canada, and the burden of illness and possible risk factors for pediatric hmpv hospitalization. detection of hmpv by polymerase chai ... | 2005 | 15778961 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection induces cyclooxygenase 2: a potential target for rsv therapy. | cyclooxygenases (coxs) are rate-limiting enzymes that initiate the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. cox-2 is the inducible isoform that is up-regulated by proinflammatory agents, initiating many prostanoid-mediated pathological aspects of inflammation. the roles of cyclooxygenases and their products, pgs, have not been evaluated during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. in this study we demonstrate that cox-2 is induced by rsv infection of human lung alveolar epithelial c ... | 2005 | 15778400 |
| production of chemokines in the lungs of infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants is characterized by a massive neutrophilic infiltrate into the airways. chemokines direct migration of leukocytes and contribute to the pathogenesis of rsv disease. however, little is known about pulmonary chemokine responses to rsv in humans. our aim was to characterize the production of chemokines in the lungs of infants with rsv bronchiolitis and how this production changes over time. | 2005 | 15776367 |
| effect of respiratory syncytial virus on apnea in weanling rats. | apnea is a common complication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in young infants. the purpose of this study was to determine whether this infection affects apnea triggered by sensorineural stimulation in weanling rats. we also studied which neurotransmitters are involved in this response and whether passive prophylaxis with a specific neutralizing antibody (palivizumab) confers protection against it. weanling rats were inoculated intranasally with rsv, adenovirus, or virus-free med ... | 2005 | 15774838 |
| neutrophil-mediated inflammation in respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis. | the involvement of neutrophil-mediated inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. however, no measurable marker is sensitive enough to assess neutrophil-mediated inflammation in the airways. released neutrophil elastase (ne) in intraluminal airways has been reported to induce pulmonary inflammation. the aim of this study was to determine whether the amount of urinary trypsin inhibitor (uti) in serum, a degenerate induced by ne, ... | 2005 | 15771699 |
| overview of bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus rsv, a nonsegmented, single stranded ribonucleic acid virus, infects one-half of all infants within the first year of life. respiratory syncytial virus possesses pathogenetic qualities that may be attributed to the interplay of viral and host-specific factors including virus strains of different virulence, size of the inoculum, family history of asthma or airway hyper-reactivity and immunologic anomalies of the host. inflammatory cell recruitment and activation occur ... | 2005 | 15770289 |
| modulation of protective immunity, eosinophilia, and cytokine responses by selective mutagenesis of a recombinant g protein vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. | using an escherichia coli-grown plasmid vector encoding a fragment of thioredoxin (trx) fused to a central region (amino acids 128 to 229) of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (long strain) g protein, we employed site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the importance of selected amino acids to vaccine efficacy. mice were immunized with a total of 10 wild-type or mutant trx-g proteins and challenged intranasally with rsv. striking differences in the induction of rsv g-protein-specific antibo ... | 2005 | 15767454 |
| in vivo selection of respiratory syncytial viruses resistant to palivizumab. | palivizumab (pz) is the only monoclonal antibody currently available for use in humans against an infectious disease. pz is administered prophylactically for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. rsv selected in cell culture for growth in the presence of pz develops f gene mutations and can be resistant to pz prophylaxis in cotton rats. here, we evaluated the potential for pz-resistant rsv mutants to arise in vivo. cotton rats were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, administered pz, ... | 2005 | 15767398 |
| relationship between atopic status and nasal interleukin 10 and 11 levels in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | interleukin 10 (il-10) and il-11 are known to have anti-inflammatory activities, and they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2005 | 15765744 |
| respiratory viruses in the pediatric intensive care unit: prevalence and clinical aspects. | a survey was conducted in two pediatric intensive care units in hospitals in porto alegre, brazil, in order to monitor the main respiratory viruses present in bronchiolitis and/or pneumonia and their involvement in the severity of viral respiratory infections. viral respiratory infection prevalence was 38.7%. in bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was detected in 36% of the cases. in pneumonia, the prevalence rates were similar for adenovirus (10.3%) and rsv (7.7%). there was a diff ... | 2004 | 15761607 |
| antisense approaches for inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) continues as an emerging infectious disease not only among infants and children, but also for the immune-suppressed, hospitalised and the elderly. to date, ribavirin (virazole, icn pharmaceuticals, inc.) remains the only therapeutic agent approved for the treatment of rsv. however, its clinical benefits are small and occur only in a fraction of rsv-infected patients. the prophylactic administration of palivizumab (synagis, medimmune, inc.) is problematic and cos ... | 2005 | 15757382 |
| peptide-based candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. | we engineered a 21-mer peptide representing amino acids 170-190 of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein as a fusion with the alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) coat protein (cp), produced recombinant almv particles presenting this peptide (vmr-rsv) on their surfaces and tested the immunogenicity in vitro in human dendritic cells and in vivo in non-human primates. significant pathogen-specific immune responses were generated in both systems: (i) human dendritic cells armed with vmr-rsv genera ... | 2005 | 15755607 |
| incidence of respiratory syncytial virus positivity in young italian children referred to the emergency departments for lower respiratory tract infection over two consecutive epidemic seasons. | the rate and severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections within the same nation may vary from one year to another. | 2005 | 15750755 |
| analysis of respiratory viral coinfection and cytomegalovirus coisolation in pediatric inpatients. | to determine (1) the rates of single infection and coinfection with 7 respiratory viruses in pediatric inpatients undergoing respiratory viral cultures, (2) the rate of cytomegalovirus (cmv) coisolation in these patients and (3) the relationship between these and length of hospital stay. | 2005 | 15750453 |
| mobilization of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells to mucosal sites in children with respiratory syncytial virus and other viral respiratory infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the principal etiologic agent of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children. yet, many aspects of its immunopathogenesis are not well understood. | 2005 | 15747246 |
| identification of a recombinant live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate that is highly attenuated in infants. | recombination technology can be used to create live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines that contain combinations of known attenuating mutations. | 2005 | 15747245 |
| qsar for anti-rna-virus activity, synthesis, and assay of anti-rsv carbonucleosides given a unified representation of spectral moments, quadratic, and topologic indices. | the unified representation of spectral moments, classic topologic indices, quadratic indices, and stochastic molecular descriptors show that all these molecular descriptors lie within the same family. consequently, the same prior probability for a successful quantitative-structure-activity-relationship (qsar) may be expected irrespective of which indices are selected. herein, we used stochastic spectral moments as molecular descriptors to seek a qsar using a database of 221 bioactive compounds p ... | 2005 | 15745816 |
| seasonality of invasive pneumococcal disease: temporal relation to documented influenza and respiratory syncytial viral circulation. | seasonal fluctuation in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease has been attributed to winter virus exposure (e.g., influenza and respiratory syncytial virus [rsv]). evidence of a direct correlation of invasive pneumococcal disease with laboratory-confirmed virus seasons, however, is limited. using two prospective surveillance networks, the temporal relation between invasive pneumococcal disease and isolation of circulating winter viruses was explored. | 2005 | 15745727 |
| amino acid variation within the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus subtype a and b strains during annual epidemics in south africa. | recent evidence of positive selection within the cytotoxic t-cell (ctl) epitopes of the highly conserved nucleoprotein of influenza virus raised the question of whether the ctl epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are also affected by immune driven change over annual epidemics. the fusion protein (f-protein) of rsv is highly conserved within the two subtypes (a and b) and the most important target for the protective response. the position of various neutralizing epitopes has been mapped ... | 2005 | 15744582 |
| the c-terminal half of tsg101 blocks rous sarcoma virus budding and sequesters gag into unique nonendosomal structures. | retroviral late domains (l domains) are short amino acid sequences in the gag protein that facilitate the process of budding. l domains act by recruiting the escrt complexes, which normally function in the formation of multivesicular bodies. the ptap late domain of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is believed to specifically recruit this machinery by binding the escrt protein tsg101. it was recently demonstrated that expression of a c-terminal fragment of tsg101 (tsg-3') blocked the budding of ... | 2005 | 15731271 |
| differential role for tlr3 in respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine expression. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young infants worldwide. previous studies have reported that the induction of interleukin-8/cxcl8 and rantes/ccl5 correlates with disease severity in humans. the production of these chemokines is elicited by viral replication and is nf-kappab dependent. rsv, a negative-sense single-stranded rna virus, requires full-length positive-sense rna for synthesis of new viral rna. the aim of our studies was to ... | 2005 | 15731229 |
| incidence of respiratory viruses in preterm infants submitted to mechanical ventilation. | the objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of infection by respiratory viruses in preterm infants submitted to mechanical ventilation, and to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and radiological patterns of viral infections among hospitalized infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) with any kind of acute respiratory failure. seventy-eight preterm infants were studied from november 2000 to september 2002. the newborns were classified into two groups: with viral infectio ... | 2005 | 15729473 |
| a comparison of thermo electron rsv oia to viral culture and direct fluorescent assay testing for respiratory syncytial virus. | rapid diagnostic methods for respiratory syncytial virus are useful tools available for the clinician. | 2005 | 15722027 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus -- associated lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized infants]. | for analysis of clinical features and outcome of hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection, was carried out. cross-sectional study with 89 infants, hospitalized in two public hospitals during the 1997 and 1998 rsv seasons, in rio de janeiro city. nasopharyngeal secretions were obtained and specimens processed for viral antigens detection by indirect immunofluorescence assay with the use of anti rsv, anti-influenza a and b and anti parainfluenza type ... | 2005 | 15717087 |
| winter peak of respiratory syncytial virus in islamabad. | a study was carried out on 391 cases of bronchiolitis and pneumonia from different paediatric units in rawalpindi/islamabad, pakistan. a clear winter spike of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was noted. it was found that there was a substantial increase of 30-50% in the positivity of rsv from december to february. | 2005 | 15712541 |
| ym-53403, a unique anti-respiratory syncytial virus agent with a novel mechanism of action. | we performed a large-scale random screening of an in-house chemical library based on the inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced cytopathic effect on hela (human cervical carcinoma) cells, and found a novel and specific anti-rsv agent, 6-{4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl) amino]benzoyl}-n-cyclopropyl-5,6-dihydro-4h-thieno[3,2-d][1]benzazepine-2-carboxamide (ym-53403). ym-53403 potently inhibited the replication of rsv strains belonging to both a and b subgroups, but not influenza a viru ... | 2005 | 15708639 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children: from short mechanical ventilation to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. | the objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of children who required mechanical ventilation (mv) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) support for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis, and to identify risk factors associated with disease severity assessed by duration of mv, mortality and need for ecmo. ventilated children under 1 year of age admitted for bronchiolitis were retrospectively studied over the 8-year period 1996-2003. the study population includ ... | 2004 | 15703980 |
| an immunocompromised balb/c mouse model for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes bronchiolitis in infants and children, which can be fatal, especially in immunocompromised patients. the balb/c mouse, currently used as a model for studying rsv immunopathology, is semi-permissive to the virus. a mouse model that more closely mimics human rsv infection is needed. since immunocompromised conditions increase risk of rsv infection, the possibility of enhancing rsv infection in the balb/c mouse by pretreatment with cyclophosphamide ... | 2005 | 15701174 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: old challenges and new approaches. | better therapies and prevention strategies are needed to decrease the burden of acute rsv disease in all age populations worldwide. furthermore, we can hypothesize that those improved measures also would likely have an effect on the chronic consequences of rsv infection in children and will reduce the incidence of recurrent wheezing and persistent pulmonary function abnormalities caused by rsv lris. | 2005 | 15693217 |
| family teaching toolbox. preventing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2005 | 15685162 | |
| development, implementation, and evaluation of a community- and hospital-based respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis program. | to implement and deliver a respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis (rsvp) program in response to the canadian pediatric society recommendations. | 2005 | 15685161 |
| cpg-oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit rsv-enhanced allergic sensitisation in guinea pigs. | experimental respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of guinea pigs is associated with enhanced allergic sensitisation to inhaled ovalbumin (oa) and low-level viral persistence in the lungs. based on the t-helper (th)1/th2 paradigm, in which a th2 shift is characteristic of an allergic response and less effective anti-viral immunity, the effects of immunotherapy with synthetic cytosine phosphate-guanine-oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg-odn), which are potent th1 stimuli, on oa sensitisation with a ... | 2005 | 15684294 |
| antiviral activity and molecular mechanism of an orally active respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor. | bms-433771 is an orally bioavailable respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) inhibitor, functioning through inhibition of viral f protein-induced membrane fusion. the compound is active against both a and b groups of rsv, with an average ec(50) of 20 nm. bms-433771 is also efficacious against rsv infection in two rodent models when dosed orally prior to infection. the compound possesses good pharmacokinetic properties, while maintaining a favourable toxicity profile. consequently, bms-433771 is well s ... | 2005 | 15681582 |
| role of ccl11 in eosinophilic lung disease during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major viral pathogen of infants and the elderly. significant morbidity is caused by an overexuberant mixed lung cell infiltrate, which is thought to be driven by chemokines. one of the main chemotactic mediators responsible for the movement of eosinophils is ccl11 (eotaxin). using a mouse model of eosinophilic bronchiolitis induced by rsv, we show here that treatment in vivo with a blocking antibody to ccl11 greatly reduces lung eosinophilia and disease sev ... | 2005 | 15681407 |
| the immunomodulating properties of human respiratory syncytial virus and immunostimulating complexes containing quillaja saponin components qh-a, qh-c and iscoprep703. | a successful vaccine against human rsv (hrsv) is likely to induce a th1 or a balanced th1/th2 cytokine response. we tested a panel of hrsv immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) containing different quillaja saponin fractions (qh-a, qh-c, and 703: a mixture of 70% qh-a and 30% qh-c) with different immunological properties for their capacity of inducing innate and acquired immune responses. the hrsv 703 iscoms induced the strongest innate and acquired immune responses, followed by rsv qh-c and qh-a ... | 2005 | 15681158 |
| studies on in vivo gene transfer in pituitary tumors using herpes-derived and adenoviral vectors. | suicide gene therapy has met limited success for the treatment of rat pituitary tumors. in order to determine the cause of primary pituitary tumor resistance to suicide gene therapy, we studied the transgene expression of an adenoviral (ad.rsv.beta gal.nls) and a herpes simplex virus-derived (tsk/beta-gal) vector, both harboring the beta-galactosidase reporter gene in rat prolactinomas. rats carrying experimental prolactinomas received bilateral 1 microl intrapituitary injections of either salin ... | 2005 | 15680541 |
| office pediatrics: current issues in lower respiratory infections in children. | recent estimates indicate that 1.9 million children worldwide die each year from acute respiratory illnesses, many of which are lower respiratory infections (lris). global threats from indoor and outdoor air pollution, urban crowding, biologic weapons, and worldwide rapid transportation complicate our efforts to reduce the impact of lri disease in children. as new strategies are developed to limit the spread of lri disease in children, existing pathogens become more complex to treat and newer pa ... | 2005 | 15659972 |
| fever without apparent source on clinical examination. | this review discusses recent literature that has focused on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory evaluation and treatment of episodes of acute illnesses associated with fever and also of prolonged episodes of fever in children. | 2005 | 15659971 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein is phosphorylated via a mitogen-activated protein kinase p38-dependent tyrosine kinase activity during virus infection. | the phosphorylation status of the small hydrophobic (sh) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was examined in virus-infected vero cells. the sh protein was isolated from [35s]methionine- and [33p]orthophosphate-labelled rsv-infected cells and analysed by sds-page. in each case, a protein product of the expected size for the sh protein was observed. phosphoamino acid analysis and reactivity with the phosphotyrosine specific antibody py20 showed that the sh protein was modified by tyrosine ... | 2005 | 15659757 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: denominator-based studies in indonesia, mozambique, nigeria and south africa. | to assess the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated lower respiratory infections (lri) in children in four developing countries. | 2004 | 15654405 |
| 3-nitrotyrosine attenuates respiratory syncytial virus infection in human bronchial epithelial cell line. | 3-nitrotyrosine (no2tyr), an l-tyrosine derivative during nitrative stress, can substitute the cooh-terminal tyrosine of alpha-tubulin, posttranslationally altering microtubular functions. because infection of the cells by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) may require intact microtubules, we tested the hypothesis that no2tyr would inhibit rsv infection and intracellular signaling via nitrotyrosination of alpha-tubulin. a human bronchial epithelial cell line (beas-2b) was incubated with rsv with ... | 2005 | 15653711 |
| acute lower respiratory tract infections and respiratory syncytial virus in infants in guinea-bissau: a beneficial effect of bcg vaccination for girls community based case-control study. | among measles unvaccinated infants in guinea-bissau, we tested whether case infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri), especially alri caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), were more likely to be bacille calmette guerin (bcg)-unvaccinated and to have no scar after bcg vaccination than were control infants without symptoms of alri. three hundred and eighty-six case infants with alri were identified at a paediatric clinic (n=84), a health centre (n=82), and in a community ... | 2005 | 15652667 |
| dna vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus in young calves. | a dna vaccine encoding the fusion (f) gene (dna-f) of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) induced significant protection against brsv infection in young calves. however, serum antibody to rsv developed more slowly in animals vaccinated with dna-f when compared with those previously infected with brsv. furthermore, protection against brsv infection was not as great as that induced by prior brsv infection. although there was little difference in the level of protection induced in calves vacc ... | 2005 | 15652666 |
| serum concentrations of interferon-gamma and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 eight years after an early respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may influence the development of recurrent wheezing and atopy, but the mechanisms are unclear. | 2005 | 15649267 |
| age- and infection-related maturation of the nasal immune response in 0-2-year-old children. | the hygiene hypothesis suggests that exposure to micro-organisms influences development of the immune system in children. | 2005 | 15647045 |
| induction of mucosal b-cell memory by intranasal immunization of mice with respiratory syncytial virus. | the capacity of live or inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to induce b-cell memory in respiratory-associated lymphoid tissues of mice was examined. eight weeks after primary inoculation with either live or inactivated rsv, adult balb/c mice were challenged with 4x10(5) pfu of rsv. protection from viral shedding and mucosal production of rsv-specific antibodies were examined at various time points after challenge. we found that primary immunization with live, but not inactivated, rsv i ... | 2005 | 15643003 |
| molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children with acute respiratory symptoms in a community over three seasons. | to study the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in a community, children with acute respiratory symptoms at a pediatric outpatient clinic in niigata, japan, were analyzed over three seasons from november 2001 to july 2004. of 499 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens, 185 (37.1%) were rsv positive, and only 8 (4.5%) of 177 patients were shown by the reverse transcription (rt)-pcr method to be reinfected. rsv infection occurred beginning in the early winter, and the rates dec ... | 2005 | 15634948 |
| immune and functional role of nitric oxide in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of respiratory epithelial cell cultures increases expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). the present study was designed to evaluate both the effect of rsv infection on expression of inos and the role of no in the host responses to rsv infection in vivo. | 2004 | 15633098 |
| severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is affected by cigarette smoke exposure and atopy. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is a common cause of hospitalizations in children and has been increasingly identified as a risk factor in the development of asthma. little is known about what determines the severity of rsv bronchiolitis, which may be helpful in the initial assessment of these children. | 2005 | 15629968 |
| respiratory syncytial virus m2-1 protein induces the activation of nuclear factor kappa b. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induces the production of a number of cytokines and chemokines by activation of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappab). the activation of nf-kappab has been shown to depend on viral replication in the infected cells. in this study, we demonstrate that expression of rsv m2-1 protein, a transcriptional processivity and anti-termination factor, is sufficient to activate nf-kappab in a549 cells. electromobility shift assays show increased nf-kappab complexes in the nucl ... | 2005 | 15629770 |
| severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: epidemiologic variations associated with the initiation of palivizumab in severely premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | the efficacy of palivizumab prophylaxis after bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) has been demonstrated in a single placebo-controlled trial. concern has emerged about the degree of efficacy of palivizumab. this study was designed to determine the efficacy of administration of palivizumab to premature infants with a gestational age </=32 weeks, a past history of bpd and younger than 6 months of age at the start of the epidemic. | 2004 | 15626942 |
| inhibition of respiratory viruses by nasally administered sirna. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus (piv) are two respiratory pathogens of paramount medical significance that exert high mortality. at present, there is no reliable vaccine or antiviral drug against either virus. using an rna interference (rnai) approach, we show that individual as well as joint infection by rsv and piv can be specifically prevented and inhibited by short interfering rnas (sirnas), instilled intranasally in the mouse, with or without transfection reagents. ... | 2004 | 15619632 |
| inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infection with intranasal sirna nanoparticles targeting the viral ns1 gene. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is one of the major causes of respiratory tract infection for which no vaccine or antiviral treatment is available. the rsv ns1 protein seems to antagonize the host interferon (ifn) response; however, its mechanism is unknown. here, we used a plasmid-borne small interfering rna targeting the ns1 gene (sins1) to examine the role of ns1 in modulating rsv infection. rsv replication was reduced in a549 cells, but not ifn-deficient vero cells, transfected w ... | 2004 | 15619625 |
| [inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by moroxydine, allicin, alpha-interferon and their joint application]. | this paper reported the inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by moroxydine (abob), allicin, alpha-interferon and their joint application. the results indicated that each of the three drugs inhibited rsv in hela cells, and the effective dosage of abob was 100 mg/l, alpha-interferon 1.5 x 10(4) u/l and allicin one eight hundred thousandth of the pure material. the combinations of 3 drugs showed synergism without antagonism, this not only decreased the dosage, toxicity but also enhanced the in ... | 1997 | 15617350 |
| [study on cellular immunity in children with respiratory syncytial virus associated acute lower respiratory infection]. | for exploring cellular immunity disturbances in children with acute lower respiratory infection (alri) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) the level of interleukin-2 (il-2) soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sil- 2r), the expression rate of interleukin-2 receptor (il-2r) on t cells and percentage of t lymphocyte subsets were determined in peripheral blood of 25 acute cases. the results showed that compared acute stage of rsv associated alri with recovery stage and control group, the level o ... | 1997 | 15617344 |
| the novel parainfluenza virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitor bcx 2798 prevents lethal synergism between a paramyxovirus and streptococcus pneumoniae. | an association exists between respiratory viruses and bacterial infections. prevention or treatment of the preceding viral infection is a logical goal for reducing this important cause of morbidity and mortality. the ability of the novel, selective parainfluenza virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitor bcx 2798 to prevent the synergism between a paramyxovirus and streptococcus pneumoniae was examined in this study. a model of secondary bacterial pneumonia after infection with a recombinant se ... | 2005 | 15616320 |
| respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 2003-2004. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) (i.e., bronchiolitis and pneumonia) among young children, resulting in an estimated 51,000-82,000 hospitalizations annually. rsv causes severe disease among older adults and persons of all ages with compromised respiratory, cardiac, or immune systems, and can exacerbate chronic cardiac and pulmonary conditions. in temperate climates, rsv infections occur primarily during annual winter season outbreak ... | 2004 | 15614230 |
| hospital admission of high risk infants for respiratory syncytial virus infection: implications for palivizumab prophylaxis. | to determine the rates of hospital admission for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection among children born at different gestational ages. to assess the theoretical impact of palivizumab prophylaxis on admissions for rsv infection. | 2005 | 15613580 |
| engineering glycoprotein b of bovine herpesvirus 1 to function as transporter for secreted proteins: a new protein expression approach. | glycoprotein b (gb) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is essential for bhv-1 replication and is required for membrane fusion processes leading to virus penetration into the target cell and direct spreading of bhv-1 from infected to adjacent noninfected cells. like many of the herpesvirus gb homologs, bhv-1 gb is proteolytically processed by furin, an endoproteinase localized in the trans-golgi network. cleavage by furin is a common mechanism for the activation of a number of viral fusion (f) prote ... | 2005 | 15613307 |
| palivizumab: new indication. moderate reduction in hospitalisation rate. | (1) respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is common in infants; it is usually mild except in high risk children. (2) palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody against rsv, was the first preventive treatment to be marketed in france. the licence was recently extended in france to cover children under 2 years of age who have haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. (3) follow-up data from spanish cohorts of premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia are now availabl ... | 2004 | 15612142 |
| alteration of airway neuropeptide expression and development of airway hyperresponsiveness following respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the mechanisms by which respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) are not fully established. we hypothesized that rsv infection may alter the expression of airway sensory neuropeptides, thereby contributing to the development of altered airway function. balb/c mice were infected with rsv followed by assessment of airway function, inflammation, and sensory neuropeptide expression. after rsv infection, mice developed significant airway inflammation associa ... | 2004 | 15608150 |
| hospitalisations for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in akershus, norway, 1993-2000: a population-based retrospective study. | rsv is recognized as the most important cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide leading to hospitalisation in a great number of cases, especially in certain high-risk groups. the aims of the present study were to identify risk groups, outcome and incidences of hospitalisation for rsv bronchiolitis in norwegian children under two years of age and to compare the results with other studies. | 2004 | 15606912 |
| a comparison of epidemiologic and immunologic features of bronchiolitis caused by influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. | we studied epidemiologic and immunologic factors in infants with bronchiolitis caused by influenza virus. the proportion of these infants who were male and who had an immediate family member with a history of asthma was similar to that of a control group of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. in subjects with influenza virus infection, concentrations of the beta chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (mip-1alpha), but not other beta chemokines, in nasopharynge ... | 2005 | 15602730 |
| reduced nasal il-10 and enhanced tnfalpha responses during rhinovirus and rsv-induced upper respiratory tract infection in atopic and non-atopic infants. | rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the most prevalent inducers of upper respiratory tract infections (urti) in infants and may stimulate immune maturation. to estimate the amount of immune stimulation, nasal immune responses were examined during rhinovirus and rsv-induced urti in infants. nasal brush samples were taken from infants (2-26 months; 57% atopic family) with rhinovirus-induced urti (n=20), with rsv-induced urti (n=7), and with rhinovirus-induced rhinitis (n=11), from ... | 2005 | 15602724 |
| pertussis vaccination and the risk of respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalization. | animal data suggest an association between recent vaccination with a pertussis-containing vaccine and increased severity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we sought to determine whether such an association exists in humans by studying a population-based cohort of young children. | 2004 | 15602187 |
| drugs for the management of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the management of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection is essentially supportive. drug therapy can have benefits, but these may only be short-term. systematic review of randomized trials has demonstrated that bronchodilator administration only significantly improves clinical scores. neither corticosteroids nor ribavirin influence the course of the acute illness, and whether they reduce the associated chronic respiratory morbidity remains controversial. preliminary resu ... | 2004 | 15600242 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced exaggeration of allergic airway disease is dependent upon ccr1-associated immune responses. | severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has a significant impact on airway function, and may alter subsequent development of asthma. ccr1 mrna was significantly up-regulated during primary rsv infection in balb/c mice, and was also up-regulated during allergen exposure in sensitized mice. although ccr1(-/-) mice exhibited similar levels of airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) as wild-type mice in response to cockroach allergen alone, in animals treated with rsv prior to cockroach antigen ... | 2005 | 15593301 |
| a review of the effects of breastfeeding on respiratory infections, atopy, and childhood asthma. | the etiology of childhood asthma is not fully understood. early exposure to certain respiratory infections may be protective for atopy and/or asthma whereas some infections have been suggested to exert the opposite effects. wheezing lower respiratory illness (lri) in the first year of life and atopy are independently associated with increased risk for current asthma in childhood and their effects are mediated via different causal pathways. these risk factors are multiplicative when they operate ... | 2004 | 15584310 |
| practical implementation of a multiplex pcr for acute respiratory tract infections in children. | molecular testing for acute respiratory infections (aris) has documented value but limited implementation due to questions that typically slow the acceptance of new tests. this study sought to address these questions and achieve implementation. rhinovirus was added to a nested multiplex pcr (m-pcr), increasing its diagnostic yield. over one winter, three hospital pediatric departments used the m-pcr to complement their direct fluorescent-antibody assay (dfa) for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) ... | 2004 | 15583287 |
| cooperativity of actin and microtubule elements during replication of respiratory syncytial virus. | many paramyxoviruses appear to require cytoskeletal elements for particular steps in the virus life cycle. measles virus and sendai virus exhibit a requirement for microtubules in replication in vitro, whereas parainfluenza virus type 3 and rsv require actin for replication. to further elucidate the role of cytoskeletal function and rearrangement in the viral life cycle of rsv, we investigated the efficiency of virus entry, transcription, replication, and budding in the presence of a variety of ... | 2005 | 15582654 |
| immunization against viral respiratory disease: a review. | healthy and at risk children are susceptible to the morbidity and mortality associated with viral-induced respiratory diseases, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza. the world health organization is attempting to develop and distribute effective vaccines to prevent/reduce key viral respiratory diseases. | 2004 | 15577581 |
| animal models for studying respiratory syncytial virus infection and its long term effects on lung function. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) infection causes a spectrum of illnesses ranging from mild infection to life-threatening bronchiolitis and respiratory failure. human studies on the pathogenesis of rsv infection are invaluable, but animal models permit advances with the use of experimental strategies that would be inappropriate in human studies. | 2004 | 15577578 |
| the changing epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza: impetus for new control measures. | influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the most important causes of medically attended acute respiratory illnesses. medical encounters for acute respiratory illness peak each winter, coinciding with the peak of influenza activity. rsv is the most important cause of hospitalization of infants for acute lower respiratory illness. | 2004 | 15577574 |
| identifying risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus among infants born after 33 through 35 completed weeks of gestation: different methodologies yield consistent findings. | prematurity is a proven risk factor for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. prematurity leads to an increased need for, and duration of, hospital admission, intensive care, mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen, as well as increased mortality. | 2004 | 15577573 |
| direct cost analyses of palivizumab treatment in a cohort of at-risk children: evidence from the north carolina medicaid program. | use of palivizumab prophylactic therapy reduces the occurrence of hospitalizations for serious respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infections in at-risk infants. the direct cost-benefit of palivizumab prophylaxis for infants who are born at 32 to 35 weeks' estimated gestational age (ega) during their first year of life has not been systematically examined. the objective of this study was to compare the direct costs of palivizumab prophylaxis and rsv treatment in infants who ... | 2004 | 15574623 |