Publications

dietary tannins improve lamb meat colour stability.	fourteen male comisana lambs were divided into two groups at 45days of age: lambs fed a concentrate diet (c), or lambs fed the same concentrate with the addition of quebracho (schinopsis lorentzii) tannins (t). sheep were slaughtered at 105days of age. lipid oxidation, colour coordinates, haem pigment concentration, and metmyoglobin percentages were measured on minced semimembranosus muscle (sm) over 14days of refrigerated storage in a high oxygen modified atmosphere. tannin supplementation incr ...	2009	22063971
carcass classification in suckling lambs. ii. comparison among subjective carcass classification methods: fatness scales and conformation scales with 0.25 point-intervals.	forty-nine manchega breed suckling lambs were used. carcass weight was less than 13 kg, and lambs were slaughtered at 10, 12 and 14 kg liveweight. carcasses were classified by three assessors on colour photographs, by several classification methods: the european union scale for light lambs carcasses (eu), colomer-rocher methods for fatness (cf) and conformation (cc), and the new scale for suckling lambs (sl) developed by our research group. carcasses were also assessed using these scales divided ...	2004	22063941
effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin e on characteristics of lamb meat packed under modified atmosphere.	the effect of dietary vitamin e supplementation on modified-atmosphere packed lamb meat during storage was studied. thirty-six weaned male manchego breed lambs were fed diets supplemented with three different vitamin e concentrations (0, 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg feed) for an average of 37 days, in the 13-26kg live weight growth range. slices of m. longissimus dorsi were packaged under modified atmosphere (70% o(2) and 30% co(2)), stored at 2±1°c in darkness for 14 and 28 days. meat quality paramet ...	2005	22063891
comparison of visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to discriminate between pasture-fed and concentrate-fed lamb carcasses.	we compared visible and near infrared spectroscopy to distinguish pasture-fed (p) from stall concentrate-fed (s) lamb carcasses. a total of 120 p and 139 s lambs were used. the reflectance spectrum of perirenal fat was measured at wavelengths between 400 and 700nm using a portable spectrophotometer, and at wavelengths between 400 and 2500nm using a laboratory monochromator nirsystem. in method w(450-510), the reflectance data were used at wavelengths between 450 and 510nm. in methods w(400-700) ...	2008	22063851
the use of various live animal measurements to predict carcass and meat quality in two divergent lamb breeds.	live weight, subjective scores of condition and conformation, live animal video image analysis (lvia), ultrasound and x-ray computed tomography (ct) scanning were used to investigate the best method or combination of methods for predicting carcass and meat quality traits in live texel and scottish blackface lambs. predictors derived from ct alone accounted for a high proportion of the variance in dissected fat and muscle weight in texel lambs (adjusted r(2)=~0.8), as well as intra-muscular fat c ...	2008	22063849
detection of virulence determinants by real time pcr in e. coli isolated from mutton.	ninety three escherichia coli isolates belonging to 35 serotypes isolated from market mutton were tested to find out the prevalence of virulence determinants, verotoxin 1 (vt1), verotoxin 2 (vt2), intimin (eae) genes and enterohemolysin production. real time pcr based detection was carried out for virulence genes using sybr green format and amplicons were confirmed by melt curve analysis. prevalence of vt1 gene in these isolates was much higher (38.70%) on the other hand, that of vt2 gene was ni ...	2008	22063847
effects of previous diet and duration of soybean oil supplementation on light lambs carcass composition, meat quality and fatty acid composition.	forty merino branco ram lambs were used to study the effects of initial diet and duration of supplementation with a conjugated linoleic acid (cla) promoting diet, on carcass composition, meat quality and fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat. the experimental period was 6 weeks. the experimental design involved 2 initial diets (commercial concentrate (c); dehydrated lucerne (l)), and 2 finishing periods (2 and 4 weeks) on dehydrated lucerne plus 10% soybean oil (o). data were analysed as a ...	2008	22063843
beef sausage structure affected by sodium chloride and potassium lactate.	a histological and ultrastructural study was conducted to characterize changes in the muscle fibre structure of three fresh sausage preparations, depending on meat composition, sodium chloride (nacl) and potassium lactate (k-lactate) contents. after addition of 0.8% and 1.6% nacl, 65% and 51%, respectively, of the area observed showed well preserved fibres (histological data). the altered regions presented a large disorganization of the myofilaments and a solubilization of the sarcolemma and of ...	2008	22063842
effect of live weight and sex on physico-chemical and sensorial characteristics of merino lamb meat.	forty-eight lamb carcasses were divided into four groups (n=12) according to slaughter weight (24 and 29kg) and sex (male and female). colour, ph, moisture, and intramuscular fat were not affected (p>0.05) by slaughter weight or sex. with respect to fatty acid composition, slaughter weight had significant effects on c12:0 (p<0.01), c14:0, c16:0, and c18:1 n-9 (p<0.05) in longissimus lumborum (ll) muscle. the percentage of c12:0 and c14:0 decreased as slaughter weight increased, while c16:0 incre ...	2008	22063837
the assessment of carcass composition of awassi male lambs by real-time ultrasound at two different live weights.	the accuracy of ultrasonography to measure fat thickness (ft) and longissimus dorsi muscle (lm) traits (area, depth and width) in live awassi male lambs and predict carcass ft and lm traits was studied. twenty six awassi male lambs were randomly divided into light (l) (n=13) and heavy (h) (n=13) finishing lambs. slaughter weight of lambs in l and h groups were 40 and 45kg, respectively. ft and lm traits, cross-sectional area between the 12th and 13th rib were measured using real-time ultrasound ...	2008	22063833
accuracy of in vivo muscularity indices measured by computed tomography and their association with carcass quality in lambs.	assessments of muscle mass and skeletal dimensions by computed tomography (ct) enable the development of new muscularity indices for the hind leg (hl) and lumbar region (lr) in lambs. compared to previous ct muscularity indices, the accuracy was much higher with the new index in the hl (correlations between ct and dissection indices of 0.89 vs 0.51). the accurate measurement of femur length by ct used in the calculation of the new hl index made an important contribution to the higher accuracy of ...	2007	22063811
ion distribution and protein proteolysis affect water holding capacity of longissimus thoracis et lumborum in meat of lamb subjected to antemortem exercise.	exercise has been shown previously to reduce the water holding capacity (whc) of meat in lamb. the consequence of changes in the distribution of ions pre- and post-rigor and proteolysis on whc is relatively unknown. twelve crossbred lambs were used to investigate the effect of exercise on the meat quality traits of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (ltl) muscle. there were no treatment effects on warner-bratzler shear force (wbsf), myofibril and sarcoplasmic protein solubility, denaturation o ...	2007	22063796
lipid composition of australian retail lamb cuts with differing carcass classification characteristics.	the gross, proximate, fatty acids and cholesterol composition of three raw retail cuts from 28 lambs classified by weight, sex and fatness score were investigated. for gross composition, cut weight increased significantly with fat score and carcass weight. percentage fat increased significantly from fat score 1-2 but not beyond (p<0.05). for nutrient composition the fat contents of the total cut and lean only portion of the three cuts increased directly with fat score by 10 g/100 g and 1.7 g/100 ...	2003	22063786
true retention of nutrients on cooking of australian retail lamb cuts of differing carcass classification characteristics.	the true retention of nutrients (proximate principles and cholesterol) on cooking of three retail cuts from lambs classified by weight, sex and fatness score was investigated. fat retentions of the total cut and of the lean portion of lamb legs and mid-loin chops were not affected by carcass fatness, weight and sex or their interactions, however, the fat retention of the total cut and of the lean portion of forequarter chops was affected by fat score, with forequarter chops from fat score 1 reta ...	2003	22063785
the effect of supplementation with expanded sunflower seed on carcass and meat quality of lambs raised on pasture.	the use of conventional concentrates in the supplementation of grass-based fed lambs may induce improvements in growth performance and/or carcass quality but may be disadvantageous in fatty acid profile of tissues, with a negative impact in some nutritional indexes. the objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects on growth performance, carcass and meat quality of using unprotected, unsaturated fat as a supplement for grass-fed based lambs. twenty-four merino branco ram lambs raised on pa ...	2003	22063773
comparison of six crossbred lamb types: sensory, physical and nutritional meat quality characteristics.	the effect of crossbreeding on lamb meat quality was examined on the m. longissimus dorsi and m. semimembranosus of south african lamb breed combinations. the lambs were sired by dormer (d) and suffolk (s) rams and born to merino (m), dohne merino (dm) and sa mutton merino (samm) ewes to give six breed combinations. ratings of sensory attributes on the m. semimembranosus of the different lamb breed combinations were obtained from a trained descriptive panel. the moisture, total lipids, protein, ...	2003	22063769
physico-chemical characteristics of carcass and meat manchego-breed suckling lambs slaughtered at different weights.	forty-nine manchego-breed lambs raised exclusively on their dams' milk until slaughter were used in this study. the effects of gender and slaughter weight (10, 12 and 14 kg) on carcass fatness, meat quality and the fatty acid composition of their fat were studied. fatness, and in particular dorsal-fat thickness (p?0.01), increased with live weight. the effect of gender was even greater (p?0.001), as female lambs presented the highest fatness values for all parameters studied. the smallest drop i ...	2003	22063767
physico-chemical characteristics of carcass and meat manchego-breed suckling lambs slaughtered at different weights.	forty-nine manchego-breed lambs raised exclusively on their dams' milk until slaughter were used in this study. the effects of gender and slaughter weight (10, 12 and 14 kg) on carcass fatness, meat quality and the fatty acid composition of their fat were studied. fatness, and in particular dorsal-fat thickness (p?0.01), increased with live weight. the effect of gender was even greater (p?0.001), as female lambs presented the highest fatness values for all parameters studied. the smallest drop i ...	2003	22063691
eating quality of lamb meat: effects of breed, sex, degree of maturity and nutritional management.	the eating quality of lamb meat of three indigenous greek dairy breeds of sheep, reared under different nutritional management conditions, was assessed by taste panel tests (tpt). lean samples from the leg joints of 69 lamb carcasses of the boutsko (b), serres (s) and karagouniko (k) breed were used. for the first tpt, 24 lambs (four males and four females of each breed) were reared in individual pens on a concentrate ration fed ad libitum. for the second tpt, 27 individual penned male lambs wer ...	2002	22063641
ultrastructural changes during aging in m. longissimus thoracis from moose and reindeer.	game meat is commonly consumed in europe but few studies have examined the quality related parameters. in this study we examined the changes in ultrastructure at four times postmortem in m. longissimus from moose (alces alces) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). the moose were slaughtered during a hunt and reindeer by swedish standard practices for this semi-domestic animal. ultrastructural changes occurring in all animals included separation of the sarcolemma from myofibrils, i band brea ...	2002	22063633
suitability of norwegian short-tail lambs, norwegian dairy goats and cashmere goats for meat production - carcass, meat, chemical and sensory characteristics.	six female norwegian lambs (29kg body weight, 8 months old), six castrated norwegian goats (27kg body weight, 10 months old) and six castrated cashmere goats (20kg body weight, 8 months old) were used to study the relative potential of norwegian lambs, norwegian goats and cashmere goats for meat production. animals were fattened on silage and commercial concentrate before slaughter. lamb meat had 4 % lower (p<0.05) proteins and 13% higher (p<0.05) fat content than goat meats. moreover, m. longis ...	2008	22063606
effect of pork lard content on the chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of a typical fermented meat product (pitina) obtained from alpagota sheep.	the aim was to investigate the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of pitina, a typical fermented meat product and evaluate the effect of two levels of pork lard content (low fat, lf, 10% vs. high fat, hf, 30%) on its attributes. hf attained lower ph than lf pitina, which reached lower water activity. lab comprised the major flora with substantial counts of micrococci, enterococci and mould and yeast. gram negative enterobacteria were recovered as coliforms and faecal colifor ...	2008	22063596
relationships of fat-tail dimensions with fat-tail weight and carcass characteristics at different slaughter weights of torki-ghashghaii sheep.	the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between fat-tail and carcass attributes in torki-ghashghaii sheep. thirty ram lambs belonging to six weight groups (weighing from 25 to 50kg) were used. fat-tail measurements were recorded on the live animals before slaughter. hot and cold (after 24h in the cold room) carcass weights, and the weights of the tail and internal organs were recorded. the carcass was dissected into conventional cuts. each cut was de-boned and the physic ...	2008	22063583
the influences of carcass weight and depot on the fatty acid composition of fats of suckling manchego lambs.	the effects of carcass weight (<5.5 kg, 5.5-6.5 kg, ?6.5 kg) of manchego suckling lambs, type of fat depot of the leg (subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular) and muscle (m. longissimus dorsi (ld) or m. quadriceps femoris (qf)) on the fatty acid composition were studied. carcass fatness increased with increasing carcass weight. however, few differences in fatty acid proportion were observed between the three carcass weight groups. the lightest carcasses had lower proportions of myristic ( ...	2005	22063495
prediction of carcass composition by impedance spectroscopy in lambs of similar weight.	previous research on impedance measurements for the prediction of carcass composition was predominantly carried out on animals that varied widely in body weight, breed, or sex. the high accuracy for the estimated lean or fat mass was mainly obtained by including the body weight in the regression equations. the objective of this study was the prediction of carcass composition in lambs of similar weight. we used 70 male german merino mutton lambs and 70 male german blackheaded mutton lambs with 35 ...	2005	22063489
effects of sheep production systems on oxidative storage stability of lean lamb patties.	rambouillet lambs were assigned to three production systems varying in physical environment and diet: rf (a new, raised-floor feeding structure, with animals fed a pelleted mixture of 85% oat hay, 7.5% barley and 7.5% molasses); fl (a feedlot, with animals fed high-concentrate rations); and p (a pasture, with animals given access to the pasture and a high-concentrate supplement). lengths of time on feed were adjusted to produce similar final shorn weights for each system. ground meat patties wer ...	2003	22063430
carcass traits of rambouillet and merino × rambouillet lambs and fatty acid profiles of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues as affected by new sheep production system.	rambouillet and merino×rambouillet lambs were assigned to production systems varying in physical environment and diet: rf (raised-floor, open-sided barn/85% oat hay-10% wheat-5% molasses), fl (feedlot/high-concentrate), and p (pasture/grazing plus supplement). although treatment duration was varied to produce similar final weights, rf lambs were heavier than p lambs, but dressing percentages were similar. backfat thickness was less with p and for merino cross lambs. rf feed was higher in saturat ...	2003	22063429
the biochemical and physical effects of electrical stimulation on beef and sheep meat tenderness.	application of electrical stimulation in the sheep and beef processing industry has been erratic around the world and this may reflect an incomplete knowledge of how to optimise the technology. although it is well established that stimulation increases the rate of post-mortem glycolysis, other biochemical and biophysical effects have been implicated with the use of this technology. this review seeks to examine the current theories about the effect of stimulation on post-mortem muscle. the classi ...	2003	22063428
effect of artificial rearing on lamb welfare and meat quality.	twenty male comisana lambs were equally divided into two groups. ten subjects were artificially reared, 10 others were ewe reared and used as control. unseparated control animals displayed increased cellular immune response to a percutaneous injection of phytohemagglutinin (p<0.001). during the open field test, ewe-reared lambs showed a higher number of flight attempts (p<0.01). carcass yield were higher for artificially reared animals (p<0.05). conversely, legs of ewe-reared animals had signifi ...	2002	22063403
production performance and meat quality characteristics of sheep comprising four sex-types over a range of slaughter weights produced following commercial practice.	eighty four lambs comprising four sex-types (entire rams, castrated rams, vasectomised rams and entire ewes) were distributed equally into seven target slaughter weights (32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52 and 56kg). all lambs were born in early spring. dams and lambs were out on pasture until late september when they were housed and fed concentrate and hay. at birth, ram lambs were heavier than ewe lambs (p<0.01) and gained weight faster (p<0.05). the three male sex-types were similar in birth weight, grow ...	2008	22063361
inhibition of nitric oxide release pre-slaughter increases post-mortem glycolysis and improves tenderness in ovine muscles.	the aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of inhibiting the release of nitric oxide (no) pre-slaughter in lambs on post-slaughter muscle metabolism and meat quality. exercise was used as a positive control as no is known to be released in skeletal muscle during exercise. forty border leicester×merino lambs were assigned to the treatments l-name (no synthase inhibitor) infusion (0mg/kg vs. 30mg/kg, 135min pre-slaughter) and exercise (none vs. 15min immediately pre-slaughter). the inh ...	2008	22063360
productive performance and meat quality of mouflon×sarda and sarda×sarda suckling lambs.	the objective of this study was to compare slaughtering performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in lambs of two different genotypes. sixteen crossbred mouflon×sarda (m×s) and sixteen pure sarda breed (s×s) suckling lambs were analysed. chemical and fatty acid composition were determined on semitendinosus and longissimus dorsi muscles and perirenal and pelvic fats. dressing percentage was higher (p<0.01) in m×s group and after histological dissection m×s carcasses had more muscle t ...	2008	22063337
effects of pork/beef levels and various casings on quality properties of semi-dried jerky.	the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pork/beef levels and the casings on the quality properties of semi-dried jerky. the pork/beef levels in the four test formulations were as follows: t-1 (pork: beef=100:0), t-2 (95:5), t-3 (90:10), and t-4 (80:20). after tumbling for 30min with curing solution, the cured meats were stuffed into natural sheep casings, collagen casings, or cellulose casings, and then dried. the restructured jerky with cellulose casing had the lowest water cont ...	2008	22063332
meat and fat colour as a tool to trace grass-feeding systems in light lamb production.	ninety-five lambs were fed as follows: lambs and dams grazing alfalfa (gr); as gr but lambs had access to concentrate (gr+s); ewes grazed and lambs received milk and concentrate until weaning and thereafter concentrate and straw (rat-gr); ewes and lambs were stall-fed (ind). lambs were slaughtered at 22-24 kg of live-weight and fat and m. rectus abdominis colour measured. visual appraisal scores of gr and ind were significantly different. the absolute value of the integral of the translated spec ...	2008	22063328
carcass and meat quality of assaf milk fed lambs: effect of rearing system and sex.	the effect of sex and rearing system on growth and carcass and meat characteristics of milk fed assaf lambs was studied. thirty-six lambs, 18 males and 18 females were used. twelve lambs remained with their mothers throughout the experiment (nr). within 24-36h of birth, the rest were housed individually and fed twice a day ad libitum (aar) or at 70% of ad libitum consumption (rar) with reconstituted cow's milk. sex did not affect animal performance, yet females showed higher carcass and non-carc ...	2008	22063326
authentication of meat from game and domestic species by snapshot minisequencing analysis.	the aim of the present study is to develop an assay for the specific identification of meat from capreolus capreolus, cervus elaphus, capra ibex, rupicapra rupicapra, targeting sequences of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of mitochondrial dna. the assay is also intended to enable differentiation between meat from these wild species as well as ovis aries, capra hircus, bubalus bubalis, bos taurus and sus scrofa domestic species. the primers used in the preliminary pcr were designed in well conserve ...	2008	22063325
the influence of seasonal temperatures on meat quality characteristics of hot-boned, m. psoas major and minor, from goats and sheep.	samples of psoas major and minor muscles were randomly collected weekly from 203 (99 hot and 104 cool seasons) omani goats, 215 (106 hot and 109 cool seasons) omani sheep, 212 (104 hot and 108 cool seasons) somali goats, 242 (127 hot and 115 cool seasons) somali sheep and 211 (110 hot and 101 cool seasons) australian merino sheep slaughtered at the central slaughterhouse in oman to investigate the effect of season on meat quality. the collection period was during november 2004-october 2005 and d ...	2008	22063324
growth, carcass and meat characteristics of karayaka growing rams fed sugar beet pulp, partially substituting for grass hay as forage.	twenty-one growing male karayaka sheep were divided into three groups of seven at 12 months of age. all groups received a commercial feed (60%) and roughage (40%). one group received grass hay as roughage (control, c), the other two groups received a mixture in which 40 (0.40sbp) or 60% (0.60sbp) sugar beet pulp (sbp) was used in partial replacement of grass hay in the c group during 56 days. dry matter (dm) intake and dm conversion index (kg dm per kg weight gain) of the c group were higher (p< ...	2005	22063275
effects of crossbreeding mexican pelibuey sheep with rambouillet and suffolk on carcass traits.	fifty nine lambs: pelibuey (p), suffolk×pelibuey (sp) and rambouillet×pelibuey (rp), were used to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding on carcass characteristics and composition. following carcass evaluation, muscle, bone, subcutaneous, seam, internal, total fat and other tissues were dissected. carcass dressing percentage was similar across the three genotypes. the genetic group did not influence the percentage of cuts, except for shoulder percentage. pelibuey carcasses had less fat thickness t ...	2005	22063274
meat quality of designated south african indigenous goat and sheep breeds.	carcass composition, proximate meat composition, fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of two breeds of goats, indigenous (n=12) and boer goats (n=12), and two breeds of sheep, damara (n=12) and dorper (n=12), on extensive pasture-grazing, were analysed. the right side of each carcass was processed into wholesale cuts and dissected into subcutaneous fat, meat and bone. meat and fat were minced together and sampled for proximate analysis as well as fatty acid profiles. the remaining ...	2003	22063250
comparison of acidic and alkaline catalysts for preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from ovine muscle with emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid.	methanolic reagents containing acidic catalysts, hcl (0.5 m, 1 h, 80° c) or bf(3) (14%, 1 h, 80° c), or alkaline catalysts, koh (0.2 m, 15-60 min, 50° c) or naoch(3) (0.5 m, 15-60 min, 50° c), were compared for use in preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for gc analysis of total lipids from freeze-dried semitendinosus muscle of lambs fed a 3.6% linoleate diet. lipid preparations were in duplicate and included a total lipid extract, as well as direct transesterification and direct saponificati ...	2003	22063245
effect of muscle restraint on sheep meat tenderness with rigor mortis at 18°c.	the effect on shear force of skeletal restraint and removing muscles from lamb m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (lt) immediately after slaughter and electrical stimulation was undertaken at a rigor temperature of 18°c (n=15). the temperature of 18°c was achieved through chilling of electrically stimulated sheep carcasses in air at 12°c, air flow 1-1.5 ms(-2). in other groups, the muscle was removed at 2.5 h post-mortem and either wrapped or left non-wrapped before being placed back on the car ...	2002	22063239
high and low rigor temperature effects on sheep meat tenderness and ageing.	immediately after electrical stimulation, the paired m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (lt) of 40 sheep were boned out and wrapped tightly with a polyethylene cling film. one of the paired lt's was chilled in 15°c air to reach a rigor mortis (rigor) temperature of 18°c and the other side was placed in a water bath at 35°c and achieved rigor at this temperature. wrapping reduced rigor shortening and mimicked meat left on the carcass. after rigor, the meat was aged at 15°c for 0, 8, 26 and 72 h ...	2002	22063237
dietary manipulation of muscle long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and sensory properties of lamb meat.	the effects of dietary manipulation of muscle long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (fa) on sensory properties of cooked meat in second cross ([merino×border leicester]×poll dorset) wether lambs were evaluated. lambs fed dietary supplements of fish meal (fm, exp. 1) and fish oil (fo, exp. 2) showed moderately (p<0.01) and markedly (p<0.001) increased muscle long-chain omega-3 fa content compared with those fed the basal diet of lucerne chaff and oat chaff. protected canola seed (pcs, exp. 1) significan ...	2002	22063235
prevalence of ballooning of the severed carotid arteries at slaughter in cattle, calves and sheep.	previous work in calves indicated that ballooning of the severed arteries is a potential concern in animals receiving a reversible stun before slaughter, and in animals not stunned before slaughter, as it could extend the duration of brain function before the animals die. this study determined the prevalence of ballooning of the carotid arteries in a total of 987 cattle, calves and lambs at slaughter. the severed ends of the carotid arteries were examined by palpation. the prevalence of ballooni ...	2006	22063219
the effects of subterranean clover phytoestrogens on sheep growth, reproduction and carcass characteristics.	the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a prolonged administration of phytoestrogens on sheep growth rate, female reproductive response, lamb carcass conformation and meat quality. to investigate these effects, two groups of comisana sheep (24 females and 20 males, initial average live weights of 25.0 and 29.9kg, respectively) were fed on subterranean clover (sc, phytoestrogen content=0.8mg/g of dm) and italian ryegrass (c, non-oestrogenic control diet) for about one year. fee ...	2006	22063214
effect of type of suckling and length of lactation period on carcass and meat quality in intensive lamb production systems.	this study examined the effect of the type of suckling and length of lactation period on carcass characteristics and lamb meat quality in the manchega spanish breed. fifty-eight lambs were divided into three groups differing in their management systems from birth to slaughter: the first group (w; n=21) was weaned at 35 days old. in the second one (hw; n=18) ewes were subjected to milking simultaneously with suckling of lambs ("half milk") from 15 to 45 days old. the third group (uw; n=19) remain ...	1999	22063203
post-slaughter traceability.	traceability programs can cover the whole of life, or parts of it, for individual animals or groups/lots of animals. of 13 country or community traceability programs for cattle/beef, 11 are mandatory (4 encompass, or are scheduled to encompass, birth to retail; 7 cover birth to slaughter) while 2 are voluntary and encompass birth to slaughter. of 10 country or community traceability programs for swine/pork, 2 are mandatory (1 covers birth to retail; 1 covers birth to slaughter) while 8 are volun ...	2008	22063170
have we underestimated the impact of pre-slaughter stress on meat quality in ruminants?	stress is the inevitable consequence of the process of transferring animals from farm to slaughter. the effects of chronic stress on muscle glycogen depletion and the consequent dark cutting condition have been well documented. however, there has been little examination of the consequences of acute stress immediately pre-slaughter on ruminant meat quality. new evidence is emerging to show that non ph-mediated effects on meat quality can occur through pre-slaughter stress in cattle and sheep. thi ...	2008	22063165
breed, slaughter weight and ageing time effects on consumer appraisal of three muscles of lamb.	consumers (n=265) tasted semitendinosus (st), semimembranosus (sm) and gluteo biceps (gb) (right and left) from 180 entire male lambs. muscles were from three spanish breeds: rasa aragonesa (local meat breed), churra (local dairy breed) and spanish merino. within breed, three slaughter live weights were considered (10-12, 20-22 or 30-32 kg). isolated muscles were aged under vacuum package for 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 days. consumers evaluated tenderness, flavour quality and overall acceptability. global ...	2005	22063159
fatty acid composition and carcass characteristics of growing lambs fed diets containing palm oil supplements.	thirty 45-day-old male ojalada lambs were used to investigate the effect of palm oil (as such or in the form of calcium soap) on carcass characteristics and fat composition. dietary palm oil did not significantly affect dorsal fat thickness, carcass fatness or carcass conformation. the palm oil supplement did not affect c16:0 levels in intramuscular and subcutaneous fat, but did increase the percentage of c16:0 and reduce pufa and mufa content in internal fat depots. supplementation with palm oi ...	2005	22063154
patterns of growth and partitioning of fat depots in tropical fat-tailed menz and horro sheep breeds.	a total of 147 menz and horro lambs of both sexes were serially slaughtered and dissected at five different stages of growth to define the pattern of growth and partitioning of fat among body depots in indigenous ethiopian menz and horro sheep breeds. the glm procedure of sas and allometric growth equation were used to assess the effects of various factors on the growth of body depots and to estimate its growth relative to total carcass fat (tcf) and empty body weight (ebw), respectively. result ...	2003	22063132
eu carcass classification system: carcass and meat quality in light lambs.	sixty male apenninica suckling lambs carcasses were studied in order to evaluate the relationship between carcass and meat quality of light lambs as evaluated according to the eu mediterranean classification system. increased carcass weight (6-12 kg) was accompanied by greater carcass size and compactness and reduced bone percentage. moreover the meat quality was similar with the increase of carcass weight in terms of colour, water holding capacity and suitability for domestic storage. no differ ...	2003	22063122
development of a quality classification system for lamb carcasses.	a total of 1660 commercial lambs, with slaughter weights = 32kg and having no more than two permanent incisors, were selected on the basis of age, weight, gender, and fatness to be representative of the canadian market lamb population and utilized to develop a quality classification system for lamb carcasses. based upon the findings obtained, lamb should be defined as carcasses from ovines weighing 32 kg live or more and with no more than two permanent incisors. mutton should be defined as carca ...	1998	22063070
plasma leptin in growing lambs as a potential predictor for carcass composition and daily gain.	leptin is an adipocyte derived hormone and correlates highly to the extent of body fat tissue. the aim of this study was to determine if leptin could serve as an early predictor for carcass composition and final growth rate in lambs with special emphasis on size and cellularity of the different body fat depots. thirty intact male ad libitum fed lambs were blood sampled at 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40kg live weight. after slaughtering at 40kg, lean and the visceral, subcutaneous and intermuscular fat w ...	2006	22063065
the use of ultrasound to predict the carcass composition of live akkaraman lambs.	the aim of this study was to measure fat thickness, area and depth of the longissimus dorsi muscle using ultrasonography, to estimate carcass composition in live akkaraman lambs. fat thickness, area and depth of the longissimus dorsi muscle between the 12th and 13th ribs were measured in vivo and on the carcass after slaughter, using real time ultrasound in 40 akkaraman lambs. to estimate the carcass composition, one-half of a carcass was dissected into muscle, fat and bone after slaughter. over ...	2008	22063034
the impact of new generation pre-dressing medium-voltage electrical stimulation on tenderness and colour stability in lamb meat.	previous work identified that a large number of domestic lamb carcases processed in australia do not meet the recommended ph/temperature window during chilling. new medium voltage electrical stimulation technology has been developed to alleviate this problem. this study used an optimised setting (800ma with a pulse width 0.5ms) to evaluate the effects on meat quality with a focus on tenderness and meat colour. in total 40 (electrically stimulated) and 40 (non electrically stimulated) lambs from ...	2008	22063030
stable isotope ratio analysis for authentication of lamb meat.	the effectiveness of the analysis of stable isotope ratios ((13)c/(12)c and (15)n/(14)n) in fractions of lamb meat, measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, was evaluated as a method of feeding and geographical origin authentication. analyses were carried out on meat from 12 lamb types, produced in couples in six european countries (country of origin, co) and divided in three groups according to the feeding regime during their finishing period: suckled milk only, pasture without any solid su ...	2003	22063009
breed, slaughter weight and ageing time effects on sensory characteristics of lamb.	the longissimus lumborum (right and left) from 180 entire male lambs were tasted by a nine-member trained taste panel. the samples were from lambs from three spanish breeds; rasa aragonesa (local meat breed), churra (local dairy breed) and spanish merino. within breed, three slaughter live weights were considered (10-12, 20-22 or 30-32 kg) and meat was aged in a vacuum package for 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 days. panellists assessed a total of eight descriptors. lamb odour and lamb flavour intensities inc ...	2005	22062998
meat quality in suckling lambs: effect of pre-slaughter handling.	thirty-three suckling lambs of the manchega breed were used to compare the effects of pre-slaughter handling (psh) on initial meat quality and at 7 days post-mortem. lambs were distributed into three groups: electrically stunned (esl; n=15), stunned using co(2) (gsl; n=10) and slaughtered without previous stunning (usl; n=8). meat quality was evaluated by examining ph, colour (l, a, b* values), water holding capacity (whc), cooking loss (cl), shear force (sf) and drip loss (dl). at 24 h post-m ...	2005	22062986
evidence against the non-enzymatic calcium theory of tenderization.	the objective of the present study was to determine whether variation in the tenderization of lamb longissimus could be attributed to variations in the rise in free calcium postmortem and sarcomere lengthening post rigor. the longissimus muscle of 10 crossbred lambs (romney×coopworth) was sampled at 1 and 7 days postmortem for determination of mirinz shear force, myofibrillar fragmentation index (mfi), sarcomere length, free calcium, and proteolysis of troponin-t. despite considerable variation ...	2001	22062967
meat quality of lambs produced in the mesopotamia region of argentina finished on different diets.	the meat quality of corriedale lambs (40kg live weight) produced in the mesopotamia region (argentina) was assessed. these lambs had different finishing diets: only native grass pasture, ground alfalfa and alfalfa-linseed pellet (70/30). carcass yield, longissimus dorsi area, backfat thickness, marbling, ph, meat and subcutaneous fat color, cooking loss, warner-bratzler shear force, fat, protein and moisture content were determined. lambs finished on alfalfa-linseed pellet had the highest carcas ...	2008	22062919
conjugated linoleic acid (cla) and polyunsaturated fatty acids in muscle lipids of lambs from the patagonian area of argentina.	the concentrations of fatty acids were measured in total lipids, triacyglycerol and phospholipid fractions of intramuscular fat (imf) from the longissimus dorsi (ld) muscle of 10 lambs reared to approximately 30kg live weight on natural pasture with their dams. fatty acid composition was also measured in 25 (five of each) semitendinosus (st), semimembranosus (sm), rectus femoris (rf), gluteus (glu) and tensor fascia latea (tfl) muscles. intramuscular fat percentages were similar for all muscles. ...	2008	22062915
assessment of commercial lamb meat quality by british and spanish taste panels.	trained sensory panels in britain and spain assessed loin meat from commercial lambs purchased in spain, which included welsh lamb (imported from britain) and two spanish breeds (merino and rasa aragonesa). the british panel also assessed british lamb purchased in local butcher shops and supermarkets. sensory panels, in each country, received meat from the same lambs and used their local methods of cooking and assessment. spanish panels used unstructured line scales to measure lamb odour intensi ...	1998	22062882
ultrasonic scanning measurements of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle to predict carcass muscle content in sheep.	nineteen omani sheep (average 26 kg body weight) were scanned over the 6th rib, 12th rib and the second-last lumbar vertebra, to determine the maximum depth (b), circumference, area of the cross-section and volume of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum (ld) muscle. the volume of the muscle was estimated by multiplying the average area of its cross-section obtained at the three sites by its length. after slaughter, the ld muscle was dissected out, frozen, and its maximum depth, circumference, le ...	1998	22062877
in vivo prediction of carcass composition and muscularity in purebred texel lambs.	a subjective assessment of the shape of the hind limb of purebred texel lambs was evaluated as an in vivo predictor of carcass composition and muscularity. lambs were taken from two flocks that were managed in a common environment, but which had either been selected for lean tissue growth rate or for improved conformation. lambs were slaughtered at a mean age of 139 days at the end of an 11 week performance test in which they were reared indoors on a concentrate diet. pre-slaughter measurements ...	2006	22062854
effect of starch type and its modifications on physicochemical properties of bologna-type sausage produced with sheep tail fat.	gelatinized, solubilized/dispersed and retrograded starches were produced from normal (unmodified) corn and potato starches, and were used with sheep tail fat for sausage batters. emulsion stability, jelly and fat separation, water holding capacity (whc), emulsion viscosity and batter ph were determined. penetrometer reading after cooking of the batters, and tenderness of the end-product were determined. modified starches statistically (p<0.01) affected emulsion stability and emulsion viscosity. ...	2006	22062852
in vivo estimation of lamb carcass composition by real-time ultrasonography.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography to measure fat thickness in live lambs and predict carcass composition to find a system that can assess carcass composition easily and accurately, without damage to the product and can improve carcass classification. fat thickness (fth) between the 12th and 13th ribs and between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae, was measured in vivo using real-time ultrasound, in 67 churra galega bragançana males (mean weight 36.0kg, ran ...	2006	22062838
microbiological quality of australian sheep meat in 2004.	the third national baseline microbiological survey of australian sheep carcases and frozen boneless sheep meat was conducted in 2004. carcases (n=1117) sampled at 20 slaughter establishments were found to have a mean log total viable count (tvc, 25°c) of 2.28 cfu/cm(2) and escherichia coli was isolated from 43.0% carcases with a mean log 0.03cfu/cm(2) on positive samples. in samples from 10 boning (fabrication) plants (n=560) the mean log tvc for frozen boneless sheep meat was 1.85cfu/g and the ...	2006	22062834
breed, slaughter weight and ageing time effects on physico-chemical characteristics of lamb meat.	the effects of breed, slaughter weight and ageing time on the meat quality of the three most important spanish breeds were considered. two hundred and twenty-five lambs of rasa aragonesa-local meat breed-, churra-local dairy breed- and spanish merino were used. animals (75 of each breed) were slaughtered at three different live weights (10-12, 20-22 or 30-32 kg), and the meat was aged for 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 days. the meat ph, colour, amount of haem pigments, intramuscular fat, moisture, hydroxypro ...	2005	22062825
dietary manipulation of fatty acid composition in lamb meat and its effect on the volatile aroma compounds of grilled lamb.	the effect on lamb muscle of five dietary supplements high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) was measured. the supplements were linseed oil, fish oil, protected lipid (high in linoleic acid (c18:2 n-6) and a-linolenic acid (c18:3 n-3)), fish oil/marine algae (1:1), and protected lipid/marine algae (1:1). eicosapentaenoic acid (c20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (c22:6 n-3) were found in the highest amounts in the meat from lambs fed diets containing algae. meat from lambs fed protected lipi ...	2005	22062813
effect of trisodium phosphate on slip and textural properties of hog and sheep natural sausage casings.	the defective gliding of certain natural casings during the stuffing of sausages is an important problem in the meat processing industry. the gliding behaviour of (defective) hog and sheep casings was assessed with a newly developed instrument, and by a technologist during the stuffing of sausages. casings were treated with 0.01 m trisodium phosphate; control casings were untreated. cooked and smoked sausages were made in hog casings treated or untreated with phosphate and subjected to compressi ...	2005	22062810
fatty acid composition of adipose depots of suckling lambs raised under different production systems.	forty-nine male talaverana-breed suckling lambs slaughtered at 14 kg live weight were used to study the fatty acid composition of adipose depots of lambs raised under different management systems (pasture or drylot) and diets (maternal milk with or without a concentrate supplement). drylot lambs displayed a higher fatness score, in addition to greater dorsal fat thickness; these parameters corresponded with a greater percentage of total fat at dissection. addition of concentrate to the diet did ...	2001	22062787
meat quality of mixed sex lambs grazing pasture and supplemented with, roughage, oats or oats and sunflower meal.	the meat quality of 8-9-month-old cryptorchid, wether and ewe lambs (poll dorset×border leicester×merino) was assessed. these lambs were grazed over summer and autumn from weaning (november) on lucerne (medicago sativa) or ryegrass/clover (lolium rigidum/trifolium subterranean) pasture at two locations (a or b). after 72 days lambs grazed on lucerne were supplemented with either ad lib clover hay or clover silage. those grazed on the ryegrass/clover pasture were supplemented from weaning with ei ...	2001	22062782
allelic polymorphism of the caprine calpastatin (cast) gene identified by pcr-sscp.	calpastatin (cast) specifically inhibits calpains and there is evidence that it plays a role in meat tenderization and myogenesis. although the cast gene has been extensively investigated in sheep and cattle, no studies have been reported in goats. in this study, a fragment of caprine cast was analyzed using pcr-sscp analysis. seven novel sscp patterns, representing seven different nucleotide sequences, were identified. all the sequences shared high homology with the published ovine and bovine c ...	2008	22062769
the effect of grazing saltbush with a barley supplement on the carcass and eating quality of sheepmeat.	the carcass and eating quality of sheep grazing a saltbush dominant saline pasture system or on a 'control' dry pasture, stubble plot both supplemented with barley for 14 weeks was investigated (experiment 1, 50 (2×25) 6 month merino lamb wethers and experiment 2, 50 (2×25) 18 month old merino hogget wethers). treatment had no significant effect on eating quality attributes (p>0.05). saltbush grazed sheep in both experiments had a significantly (p<0.01) lower carcass fat and significantly higher ...	2008	22062763
effect of dietary oregano oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics.	the effect of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on lamb meat characteristics was investigated. eight male and eight female chios lambs were divided into two equal groups. the first group was fed with the control diet consisting of concentrated feed and alfalfa hay, whereas the second group consumed the same diet, the only difference being that the concentrated feed was uniformly sprayed with oregano essential oil (1ml/kg). duration of the experimental period was two months. no differ ...	2008	22062749
estimation of factors influencing fatty acid profiles in light lambs.	fatty acid composition of intramuscular, intermuscular, subcutaneous, omental and kidney knob fat depots of eighty male light lambs (±21kg live weight) from five spanish sheep breeds was analysed. fat depot, anatomical depot location (internal, external and intramuscular), breed (spanish merino, grazalema merino, churra lebrijana, segureña and montesina), weaning type (weaning at 45 days after birth or no weaning) and subcutaneous fat thickness factors were analyzed using a statistical model to ...	2008	22062747
thermal gelation properties of surimi-like material made fromsheep meat.	thermal gelation properties of surimi-like material made from sheep meat were investigated. the sheep meat was ground, washed 3 times at a meat to water ratio of 1:5 and dewatered by centrifugation. the effects of washing on the composition, functional properties and colour of the mince, were studied. the washing method resulted in a sharp reduction of the fat content and an increase of the water content and ph of the mince. lightness (l) and yellowness (b) of the mince were improved by washin ...	1999	22062707
effect on the cholesterol content of fresh lamb of supplementing the feed of awassi ewes and lambs with lactobacillus acidophilus.	lactating ewes and their lambs were provided daily with two enteric capsules of a freeze-dried culture of selected strains of lactobacillus acidophilus (1×10(9) colony-forming-units/dose), along with their normal diets, for a period of 120 days. initially, the supplementation had a significant effect on the serum cholesterol levels of the suckling lambs, but the benefit was reduced after weaning. on slaughter at 120 days, the mean cholesterol concentrations in three cuts of lamb meat were reduce ...	1999	22062700
effects of vitamin e supplementation on fattening performance, non-carcass components and retail cut percentages, and meat quality traits of awassi lambs.	this experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin e supplementation on growth, non-carcass components and retail cut percentages, and meat quality traits of awassi male lambs at approximately 8 months of age. the lambs were divided into two groups as control (cg, n=12) and experimental (vg, n=12) at the beginning of the fattening period. the cg and vg lambs were fed with a concentrate and grass hay close to ad-libitum by biweekly adjustment of the amount offered. in addition, th ...	2003	22062655
influence of different gas compositions on the short-term storage stability of mother-packaged retail-ready lamb packs.	longissmus dorsi muscles were removed from suffolk cross-breed lambs (aged 4-9 months) and cut into steaks. lamb steaks were over-wrapped on trays and placed in vacuum pack bags. bags were divided into 3 groups and flushed with gas mixtures containing 100:0, 90:10 or 80:20/co(2):n(2). mother packed lamb bags were stored for 4 days (t2) and 7 days (t3), respectively, in darkness at 4 °c, prior to retail display. the effect of aerobic packaging alone on lamb meat quality was used as the control (t ...	2005	22062636
interrelationships amongst carcass and meat quality characteristics of sheep.	the relationships between various carcass and meat quality characteristics of sheep were studied. relationships were determined by regression, using data obtained from sheep belonging to a wide range of breeds, sex types and slaughter weight (32-62 kg). the chilling rate of the m. longissimus dorsi (ld) post-mortem was negatively correlated with carcass weight (r=-0.42, p<0.01), back fat thickness (r=-0.54, p<0.001) and the cooking loss of the m. infraspinatus (is) muscle (r=-0.44, p<0.001). cor ...	2005	22062633
post-mortem calpain-system kinetics in lamb: effects of clenbuterol and preslaughter exercise.	the effect of dietary supplementation with clenbuterol for either 8 days or 55 days in lambs was studied. the 55-day treatment was combined with an immediate preslaughter exercise regime. the effect of these treatments on post-mortem calpain system activities, meat ageing and meat quality was studied. neither short-nor long-term supplementation had an effect on the rate of ph fall post mortem. short-term supplementation had no effect on the initial nor the final shear force values but these were ...	1997	22062624
muscularity and eating quality of lambs: effects of breed, sex and selection of sires using muscularity measurements by computed tomography.	differences in muscularity of the hind leg (hl) and lumbar region (lr) were investigated between sexes (ram vs ewe lambs), breeds (scottish blackface, sbf vs texel, tex) and progeny of high- and low-muscularity sires (hm, lm) (n=471). the influence of these factors on meat eating quality (meq) was also examined (n=229). tex lambs had 16% greater muscularity than sbf in both regions, whilst differences between sire groups were 4%. ewe lambs had slightly higher values of muscularity for the hl tha ...	2008	22062603
body composition of lambs receiving 30 or 60 days of exercise training and (or) fenoterol treatment.	the interaction between exercise and the ß-adrenergic agonist, fenoterol, on body composition and muscle protein turnover was studied in this investigation. forty young hampshire×rambouillet lambs were assigned to control (con), exercised (ex), fenoterol-treated (5 ppm) (fen), or fenoterol-treated and exercised (fenex) groups. lambs assigned to the exercise treatments were trained to run on a 10° inclined treadmill. the lambs were slaughtered after 30 or 60 days of treatment. average daily gain ...	1999	22062571
display life of sheep meats retail packaged under atmospheres of various volumes and compositions.	longissmus dorsi loins were removed from suffolk cross-breed lambs (4-9 months) and hoggets (15-20 months). the effect of package gas composition was investigated by packaging loins with gas mixtures containing 80:20:0, 60:20:20 and 60:40:0/o(2):co(2):n(2) with a 2:1 headspace to meat volume ratio. the most effective gas mixture for prolonging shelf-life was used to study the effect of different headspace to meat volume ratios. loins were packaged with a headspace to meat volume ratio of 2:1, 1. ...	2004	22062542
factors regulating lamb longissimus tenderness are affected by age at slaughter.	the objective of this experiment was to determine age-related changes in collagen concentration, sarcomere length, calpain (µ- and m-) and calpastatin activities, postmortem proteolysis and warner-bratzler shear force (wbsf) in ovine longissimus thoracis et lumborum. rambouillet lambs were slaughtered at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 months of age and samples of longissimus were collected at 0, 2 and 10 days postmortem. collagen concentration and sarcomere lengths were determined from the cores used for wbs ...	2004	22062540
effect of silk flower hay (calotropis procera sw) feeding on the physical and chemical quality of longissimus dorsi muscle of santa inez lambs.	the effect of different levels of silk flower hay (calotropis procera sw) in the diet of confined lambs by the substitution of the commonly used foraging broom corn hay (sorghum bicolor l) was investigated to evaluate its possible effects on the growth and quality of the lamb meat. twenty-four male santa inez lambs were divided in equal numbers into four treatment groups and fed diets containing 0%, 16.7%, 33.3% and 50% of silk flower hay (sfh). growth rate, feed intake and meat quality were inv ...	2008	22062467
predicting the composition of lamb carcases using alternative fat and muscle depth measures.	hot carcase weight (hcw) and the gr tissue depth (total tissue depth over the 12th rib, 110mm from the midline) were measured on 312 crossbred (poll dorset×merino) lambs with a mean live weight of 47kg. at a position 30mm distal to the lumbar-sacral junction, the depth (rmd) of the rump muscles was measured along with subcutaneous fat depth overlaying the m. gluteus medius (rfd). the subcutaneous fat depth over the m. longissimus (loin) at the 12th rib was measured (fat c), as was the depth and ...	2008	22062458
fat deposition, fatty acid composition and meat quality: a review.	this paper reviews the factors affecting the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and muscle in pigs, sheep and cattle and shows that a major factor is the total amount of fat. the effects of fatty acid composition on meat quality are also reviewed. pigs have high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa), including the long chain (c20-22) pufa in adipose tissue and muscle. the full range of pufa are also found in sheep adipose tissue and muscle whereas cattle 'conserve' long chain pufa i ...	2008	22062452
carcass traits, muscle characteristics, and palatability attributes of lambs expressing the callipyge phenotype.	dorset×suffolk crossbred wethers expressing a normal phenotype (normal, n=10) and callipyge phenotype (clpg, n=9) were fed individually and slaughtered upon reaching maximum growth potential. carcass weight did not differ (p>0.05), but fat thickness was lower (0.30 vs. 0.56 cm), ribeye area was greater (24.4 vs. 16.6 cm(2)), and usda yield grade was improved (1.6 vs. 2.6) for clpg carcasses (p < 0.05). carcasses from clpg demonstrated higher cutability and a more desirable muscle to bone ratio, ...	2001	22062428
post-mortem evolution of non-protein nitrogen and its peptide composition in growing lamb muscles.	twenty-two 4-month-old lambs were used in two experiments to assess the effects of growth rate, induced by different feeding levels, and ageing (21 days, 4°c) on non-protein nitrogen (npn) contents and their peptide composition. muscle (longissimus dorsi, semimembranosus) and sex (male, female) effects were also studied. during ageing, npn contents increased (15-20%). this variation represented 1.6-2.8% of total nitrogen. peptides extracted from fresh muscles were in the range of molecular weigh ...	2001	22062426
the effect of exercise stress, adrenaline injection and electrical stimulation on changes in quality attributes and proteins in semimembranosus muscle of lamb.	exercise pre-slaughter has previously been shown to increase drip loss and tenderness in the longissimus muscle of lambs. the mechanism causing higher water loss in post-mortem muscle of lambs is not well understood. this experiment examines the effects of exercise stress, adrenaline injection and electrical stimulation (es) on meat tenderness and water holding capacity. forty crossbred lambs (20±2 kg live weight) were used in this study. meat quality measurements were carried out on the semimem ...	2004	22062416
chemical sprays as a method for improvement in microbiological quality and shelf-life of fresh sheep and goat meats during refrigeration storage (5-7°c).	the shelf-life of meats from freshly slaughtered sheep and goat carcasses at 5-7 °c was extended after spraying (pressure 3 kg/cm(2)) the carcasses with solution 'b' containing potassium sorbate, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate each at 2.5% and sodium chloride at 5% (prepared w/v in potable water), when compared with solution 'a' (without potassium sorbate). solution b treatment inhibited bacillus spp. to minimum and were not detected up to sixth day. it extended the lag phase of ...	2003	22062386
measuring the effects of phenotype and mechanical restraint on proteolytic degradation and rigor shortening in callipyge lamb longissimus dorsi muscle during extended aging.	the purpose of this study was to determine if tenderness of callipyge (clpg) longissimus dorsi muscle (lm) could be improved by: (1) extending the aging period to 48 days postmortem or (2) preventing rigor shortening by clamping. in clpg and normal (nml) chops respectively, initial warner-bratzler shear values (wbs) were lower (p<0.05) in clamped (cl) (5.5 and 3.6 kg) compared to unclamped (ucl) (7.4 and 4.9 kg) lm. in clpg, an acceptable wbs (3.6 kg) was reached at 48 days pm, whereas, nml lamb ...	2003	22062384
effect of breed-type on performance and carcass traits of intensively managed hair sheep.	the objectives of this study were to evaluate growth performance and carcass characteristics of intensively managed purebred and crossbred hair sheep, and determine the value of the dorper breed as a terminal sire on st.croix and st. croix-cross dams. animals used were dorper×st. croix (ds), and dorper×romanov×st. croix (dx), katahdin (ka), st. croix (sc), and 3/4 st. croix-1 4 romanov (sx) wether lambs. from birth to weaning, daily gains (adg) were greater (p<0.01) for ds and ka lambs than sc ...	2003	22062382
influence of sex and slaughter weight on carcass and meat quality in light and medium weight lambs produced in intensive systems.	effects of slaughter weight and sex on carcass characteristics and lamb meat quality of manchega spanish breed were analysed. forty-five lambs were divided into two slaughter weight groups: light (lw=21.7±0.16 kg; n=24) and medium (mw=27.8±0.16 kg; n=21). dressing proportion and conformation were significantly different between groups and sex. there were also differences between light and medium group in fatness but not between males and females. water holding capacity decreased with increasing ...	1999	22062375
breed effect on carcase and meat quality of suckling lambs.	the influence of breed on carcase and meat quality traits was studied in 48 suckling lambs (approximately 1 month old) from the churra, castellana and manchega spanish breeds and awassi crosses. carcase quality traits were determined by visual assessment and objective measurements. meat quality was assessed by instrumental and sensory analysis. breed effect was significant for fatness, carcase conformation and fat colour (visual indicators); dressing %, carcase weight, carcase length, buttock an ...	1997	22062319
sarcomere shortening and contraction nodes in stretched-restrained ovine myofibres during post mortem storage.	myofibres of muscles removed from the carcass shorten during rigor mortis. whether myofibres of stretched and restrained muscle tissues shorten during post mortem storage was examined. muscle strips removed from the semimembranosus muscle of sheep before rigor onset were stretched and restrained. the muscle strips were fixed separately in formalin solution from 1.5 hr to 12 days post mortem, and embedded in paraffin. sections were stained with mallory-azan. some myofibres in the pre-rigor-excise ...	1997	22062317