Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [anti-apoptotic potencial role of p38 in prostate cancer]. | tnf-alpha transduction pathway in prostate cancer seems to be diverted towards p38 activation. p38 may protect prostate tumoral cells from tnf-alpha apoptosis induced. the aim of this study was study the role of p38 in vivo (were evaluated some p38 downstream factors), as well as in vitro (in prostatic tumoral cell lines, lncap and pc3, pre-treated with tnf-alpha). | 2005 | 16304909 |
| reproductive performance of pubertal red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds: effects of genetic introgression of wapiti subspecies on pregnancy rates at 18 months of age. | low reproductive productivity of young red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds on new zealand deer farms appears to reflect high incidences of puberty failure at 16 months of age. this is despite the general attainment of average liveweights 15-25 kg in excess of the accepted minimum threshold for puberty in subspecies of western european origin (scoticus, elaphus and hippelaphus) that form the basis of the national herd. the present study tests the hypotheses that introgression of the larger north amer ... | 2005 | 16298276 |
| pkcalpha expression regulated by elk-1 and mzf-1 in human hcc cells. | our previous study found that pkcalpha was highly expressed in the poor-differentiated human hcc cells and associated with cell migration and invasion. in this study, we further investigated the gene regulation of this enzyme. we showed that pkcalpha expression enhancement in the poor-differentiated human hcc cells was found neither by dna amplification nor by increasing mrna stability using differential pcr and mrna decay assays. after screening seven transcription factors in the putative cis-a ... | 2006 | 16297876 |
| bovine tuberculosis in wild boar (sus scrofa), red deer (cervus elaphus) and cattle (bos taurus) in a mediterranean ecosystem (1992-2004). | during the last 12 years, an increasing frequency in condemnation of hunted red deer and wild boar carcasses due to the presence of tubercle-like lesions has been observed in extremadura (western spain). before 1993, tuberculosis was a very rare finding in hunted animals. the current tuberculosis regional prevalence in cattle approaches 0.4% after years of expensive test and slaughter campaigns. it is imperative to investigate the epidemiology of mycobacterium bovis infection in red deer and wil ... | 2006 | 16297475 |
| a model for short alpha-neurotoxin bound to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from torpedo californica: comparison with long-chain alpha-neurotoxins and alpha-conotoxins. | short-chain alpha-neurotoxins from snakes are highly selective antagonists of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachr). although their spatial structures are known and abundant information on topology of binding to nachr is obtained by labeling and mutagenesis studies, the accurate structure of the complex is not yet known. here, we present a model for a short alpha-neurotoxin, neurotoxin ii from naja oxiana (ntii), bound to torpedo californica nachr. it was built by comparative ... | 2005 | 16290328 |
| potential existence of a sylvatic cycle of taenia ovis krabbei in patagonia, argentina. | red deer (cervus elaphus) were introduced in southern latin america about a century ago and characteristics of the invasion raise concerns over their epidemiological role for various diseases. we report on the possible occurrence of taenia ovis krabbei established in a sylvatic cycle in patagonia. hook characters, size, appearance, and location of a cysticercus from a wild red deer are consistent with taenia ovis ovis or t. o. krabbei. although it is not possible to differentiate between t. o. o ... | 2006 | 16289565 |
| effect of elk velvet antler supplementation on the hormonal response to acute and chronic exercise in male and female rowers. | to examine the effects of elk velvet antler supplementation (eva) combined with training on resting and exercise-stimulated hormonal response, male (n = 25) and female (n = 21) rowers ingested either eva (560 mg/d) or placebo (pl) during 10 wk of training. vo(2max), 2000 m rowing time, leg and bench press strength were determined before and after 5 and 10 wk of training. serum hormone levels were measured prior to and 5 and 60 min after a simulated 2000 m rowing race. vo(2max)and strength increa ... | 2005 | 16286669 |
| effectiveness of gun-safety counseling and a gun lock giveaway in a hispanic community. | to evaluate the effectiveness of gun-safety counseling, a gun-safety brochure, and a free gun lock in subsequent gun removal and safe storage. | 2005 | 16275796 |
| recovery of dictyocaulus species from the lungs of a kashmir red deer (cervus elaphus hanglu). | 2005 | 16272548 | |
| field evaluation of the efficacy of fenbendazole in captive wild ruminants. | the efficacy of in-feed fenbendazole at a dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight for three consecutive days was assessed in five arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx), six scimitar-horned oryx (oryx dammah), 14 slender-horned gazelles (gazella leptoceros), eight soay sheep (ovis aries aries soay), 13 alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex), six red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) and 11 nelson's elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) kept in five herds in a zoo. the efficacy was assessed by means of repeated faecal egg count r ... | 2005 | 16272545 |
| erk and jnk signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of activator protein 1 and cell death elicited by three isothiocyanates in human prostate cancer pc-3 cells. | many isothiocyanates (itcs) such as sulforaphane (sfn), phenethyl isothiocyanate (peitc) and allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) are highly effectively in chemoprevention or reduction of the risk of cancer and possess antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. the activator protein 1 (ap-1) and mapk signaling pathways are believed to play an important role in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy due to their involvement in tumor cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and survival. in the present study ... | 2006 | 16272172 |
| cocaine induction of erk proteins in dorsal striatum of fischer rats. | cocaine is an addictive psychostimulant that induces fos and opioid gene expression by activating the dopamine receptors and the pka pathways in dopamine d1 and a glutamate nmda-dependent mechanisms in the striatum. in this study, we show that a single cocaine administration induces erk phosphorylation in the caudate/putamen of fischer rats. this increase in phospho-erk is diminished by pre-administration of sch23390, or mk801 but not with pre-administration of eticlopride. furthermore, this sin ... | 2005 | 16271798 |
| food chain transfer of selenium in lentic and lotic habitats of a western canadian watershed. | selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient, exhibiting a narrow margin between nutritionally optimal and potentially toxic concentrations. egg-laying vertebrates at the top of aquatic food chains are most at risk in environments with elevated aqueous se concentrations. the elk river watershed in british columbia, canada receives effluents containing se from five coal mine operations. this study tested three hypotheses that might account for higher se concentrations in fish from lentic compared ... | 2006 | 16271761 |
| the phosphorylation status of merlin is important for regulating the ras-erk pathway. | the neurofibromatosis type2 (nf2) tumor suppressor gene product, merlin, is structurally related to the ezrin-radixin-moesin (erm) family of proteins that anchor the actin cytoskeleton to specific membrane proteins and participate in cell signaling. however, the basis of the tumor suppressing activity of merlin is not well understood. previously, we identified a role of merlin as an inhibitor of the ras-erk signaling pathway. recent studies have suggested that phosphorylation of merlin, as of ot ... | 2005 | 16267393 |
| epidemiology and risk factors analysis of elaphostrongylosis in red deer (cervus elaphus) from spain. | we studied the distribution and faecal shedding pattern of the first-stage larvae (l1) of elaphostrongylus cervi (nematoda: protostrongylidae) in the red deer (cervus elaphus) across spain, where excretion was widespread. we evaluated the effects of individual, population and environmental factors on e. cervi l1 counts in 18 free-ranging red deer populations in south central spain. in this area, prevalence was 71.42+/-2.14% (n = 448) and mean intensity (n = 320) was 74.50+/-10.35. aggregation of ... | 2006 | 16265599 |
| smooth muscle-specific genes are differentially sensitive to inhibition by elk-1. | understanding the mechanism of smooth muscle cell (smc) differentiation will provide the foundation for elucidating smc-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and asthma. in the current study, overexpression of elk-1 in smcs down-regulated expression of several endogenous smooth muscle-restricted proteins, including telokin, sm22alpha, and smooth muscle alpha-actin. in contrast, down-regulation of endogenous elk-1 in smooth muscle cells increased the expression of only telokin an ... | 2005 | 16260603 |
| citicoline inhibits map kinase signalling pathways after focal cerebral ischaemia. | the link between membrane phospholipids and different intracellular signal transduction pathways affected by cerebral ischaemia is unclear. cdp-choline, a major neuronal membrane lipid precursor and its intracellular target proteins and transcription factors were studied to further understand its role in ischaemic stroke. cerebral ischaemia was produced by distal, permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (mcao) in the rat. animals receiving 500 mg/kg of cdp-choline in 0.5 ml of 0.9% sal ... | 2005 | 16258856 |
| [wegener's granulomatosis: an analysis of 50 patients]. | to evaluate the rate of different organs involvement in 50 patients with wegener's granulomatosis (gw), and to describe their clinical manifestations and their response to treatment. | 2005 | 16258603 |
| experiences in deer sperm cryopreservation under practical conditions--a pilot study. | the genetic potential of the red and fallow deer populations in hungary is well known. conserving the variability in this excellent genetic material for game preservation is one of our most important task. the aim of the present pilot study was to test the logistical steps of a sperm processing and storing system in which deer sperm can be stored at a level that meets quality standards accepted for domestic animals. moreover, two different semen extenders, commercially used for freezing bull sem ... | 2005 | 16257607 |
| elevated methylmercury concentrations and loadings during flooding in minnesota rivers. | previous studies have identified flooded landscapes (e.g., wetlands, impoundments) as sites of elevated methylmercury (mehg) production. here we report mehg and total hg (thg) concentrations and mass loadings in rivers in minnesota during major flooding episodes in the summer of 2002. frequent intense precipitation events throughout the summer resulted in extraordinarily wet conditions in east-central and northwestern minnesota. streamflow remained at record-setting high levels in many rivers an ... | 2006 | 16257039 |
| pd-0200347, an alpha2delta ligand of the voltage gated calcium channel, inhibits in vivo activation of the erk1/2 pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes: a pkcalpha dependent effect. | to explore the in vivo effects of pd-0200347, an alpha(2)delta ligand of voltage gated ca(2+) channels, on cell signalling in osteoarthritic (oa) chondrocytes from an experimental dog model, and examine the effect of pd-0200347 on the major signalling pathways involved in oa cartilage degradation. | 2006 | 16249226 |
| characterization of an erk-binding domain in microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and differential inhibition of erk2-mediated substrate phosphorylation. | efficient and specific signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) is enhanced by docking sites found on many mapk substrates and regulators. here we show that the mapks erk1 and erk2 form a stable complex (kd approximately 6 microm) with their substrate the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf). complex formation requires a domain of mitf of approximately 100 residues that is nearby, but c-terminal to, the mapk phosphorylation site at ser73. mitf derivatives lacking t ... | 2005 | 16246839 |
| photopolymerized hydrogel carriers for live vaccine ballistic delivery. | photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) (peg)-crosslinked hydrogels were assessed for their ability to serve as a payload vehicle to deliver a viable bacterial vaccine (brucella abortus strain rb51 (rb51) to bison in yellowstone national park) ballistically using thermoplastic degradable biobullets. peg modified with degradable glycolide or lactide oligomers capped with photopolymerizable methacrylate groups served to crosslink the hydrogel vaccine carrier inside commercial hydroxypropylcellulose ... | 2006 | 16246467 |
| monitoring and treatment of fascioloides magna in semi-farm red deer husbandry in croatia. | the presence of american liver fluke (fascioloides magna) in croatian wild ruminant species was detected for the first time in january 2000. at the same time, the problem of adequate parasitological monitoring and treatment appeared in the captive deer population. quarantine and health screening protocols, as well as migration and transportation influence had to be evaluated in red deer husbandry. non-invasive methods were introduced to estimate the prevalence of f. magna in the semi-farm rearin ... | 2005 | 16244930 |
| management of wild ungulate populations in italy: captive-breeding, hybridisation and genetic consequences of translocations. | captive-reproduced stocks of some species of ungulates (artiodactyla), and particularly the red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and the wildboar (sus scrofa) are more or less extensively translocated in italy, mainly for local reintroductions or restocking of exploited wild populations. however, captive breeding often involves the reproduction of non-indigenous individuals or the production of artificial hybrids. consequently, translocations of capt ... | 2005 | 16244928 |
| liver concentrations of copper, cobalt, and selenium in wild norwegian red deer (cervus elaphus). | liver samples from 245 wild red deer (cervus elaphus) collected during the licensed hunting season in 2001 from five different locations in western norway were analyzed for copper (cu), cobalt (co), and selenium (se). the associations between these trace elements and geographical location, age group, and sex were studied. the median (and range of) liver concentrations (microg/g wet weight) for all the examined deer were: cu 20 (1.7-103), co 0.08 (<0.01-0.18), and se 0.09 (0.04-1.0). the results ... | 2005 | 16244067 |
| pcr detection of bovine herpesviruses from nonbovine ruminants in hungary. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to test six different nonbovine ruminant species for five bovine herpesviruses including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (bohv-1), bovine herpes mammillitis virus (bohv-2), movar-type herpesvirus (bohv-4), bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bohv-5), and alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (alhv-1). species tested included 56 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 66 red deer (cervus elaphus), 20 fallow deer (dama dama), 16 mouflon (ovis musimon), 34 domestic sheep, and 44 ... | 2005 | 16244057 |
| importance of climatological downscaling and plant phenology for red deer in heterogeneous landscapes. | understanding how climate influences ecosystems represents a challenge in ecology and natural resource management. although we know that climate affects plant phenology and herbivore performances at any single site, no study has directly coupled the topography-climate interaction (i.e. the climatological downscaling process) with large-scale vegetation dynamics and animal performances. here we show how climatic variability (measured by the north atlantic oscillation 'nao') interacts with local t ... | 2005 | 16243701 |
| first results of chronic wasting disease (cwd) surveillance in the south-eastern part of belgium. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) has not been reported in europe, whereas it is considered to be enzootic in free-ranging mule deer, rocky mountain elk and white-tailed deer in the area of colorado, wyoming, and nebraska, and new foci of cwd have been detected in other parts of the united states. however, no large-scale active epidemiosurveillance of european wild cervids has been installed in europe. in accordance with the opinion of the european scientific steering committee, a preliminary (activ ... | 2005 | 16238109 |
| tetr hybrid transcription factors report cell signaling and are inhibited by doxycycline. | we developed a bigenic reporter system composed of a hybrid transcription factor that combines the regulatory and activation domains of either elk-1 or cyclic amp-responsive element binding protein (creb) with the dna binding, dimerization, and regulatory domains from a synthetic variant of the bacterial tet repressor (tetr). the novel hybrid transcription factor tetr-elk-1 was regulated by mapk erk kinase 1 (mek-1) overexpression, and tetr-creb was regulated by protein kinase a (pka) overexpres ... | 2005 | 16235565 |
| interspecies transmission of chronic wasting disease prions to squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an emerging prion disease of deer and elk. the risk of cwd transmission to humans following exposure to cwd-infected tissues is unknown. to assess the susceptibility of nonhuman primates to cwd, two squirrel monkeys were inoculated with brain tissue from a cwd-infected mule deer. the cwd-inoculated squirrel monkeys developed a progressive neurodegenerative disease and were euthanized at 31 and 34 months postinfection. brain tissue from the cwd-infected squirrel m ... | 2005 | 16227298 |
| a novel subgroup of rhadinoviruses in ruminants. | in the course of investigating the malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) subgroup of rhadinoviruses, seven novel rhadinoviruses were identified in a variety of ruminants, including domestic sheep, bighorn sheep, bison, black-tailed deer, mule deer, fallow deer, elk and addax. based on the dna polymerase gene sequences, these newly recognized viruses clustered into a second distinct subgroup in ruminants with three members identified previously in cattle, goats and oryx. phylogenetic analysis revealed ... | 2005 | 16227223 |
| quantification of the transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1 among red deer (cervus elaphus) under experimental conditions. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) is endemically present in a cattle population that lives in a nature reserve in the netherlands. red deer (cervus elaphus), living in the same nature reserve, can come into contact with the bhv1-infected cattle and could then become infected with bhv1. for the eradication of bhv1 in cattle, it is, therefore, important to know whether red deer alone can play a role in the transmission of bhv1. for that reason, we quantified the transmission of bhv1 among farmed red dee ... | 2005 | 16226408 |
| molecular phylogeny of megaloceros giganteus--the giant deer or just a giant red deer? | two fragments of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the cytochrome b gene (137 bp and 167 bp) were successfully isolated and sequenced from antlers and bones of five specimens of the giant deer (megaloceros giganteus) to examine the phylogenetic position of megaloceros giganteus within the family cervidae. this is the first report on ancient dna (adna) sequences from megaloceros giganteus. a phylogenetic analysis based on parameter-rich models describes the evolutionary relationships between five indi ... | 2005 | 16219984 |
| regulation of cxcr4-mediated nuclear translocation of extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2. | activation of the chemokine receptor cxcr4 by its agonist stromal cell-derived factor 1 (sdf-1) has been associated with cell migration and proliferation in many cell types, but the intracellular signaling cascades are incompletely defined. here we show that cxcr4-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk1/2) phosphorylation was mediated through the ras/raf pathway, as demonstrated with a dominant-negative ras mutant and pharmacological inhibitors. the src inhibitor 4-amino-5 ... | 2006 | 16210428 |
| key gravity-sensitive signaling pathways drive t cell activation. | returning astronauts have experienced altered immune function and increased vulnerability to infection during spaceflights dating back to apollo and skylab. lack of immune response in microgravity occurs at the cellular level. we analyzed differential gene expression to find gravity-dependent genes and pathways. we found inhibited induction of 91 genes in the simulated freefall environment of the random positioning machine. altered induction of 10 genes regulated by key signaling pathways was ve ... | 2005 | 16210397 |
| dismissing the family who refuses vaccines: a study of pediatrician attitudes. | parent refusal or deliberate delay of their child's vaccinations poses a challenge for pediatricians. some pediatricians may choose to dismiss these families from their practice. | 2005 | 16203937 |
| evaluation of western blotting methods using samples with or without sodium phosphotungstic acid precipitation for diagnosis of scrapie and chronic wasting disease. | the purpose of this study was to enhance the sensitivity of the western blot (wb) test for use as an alternative and confirmatory method for the diagnosis of scrapie and chronic wasting disease (cwd) in canada by comparing 2 sample preparation procedures: an abnormal prion protein (prpsc) concentration procedure using sodium phosphotungstic acid (pta) precipitation and a procedure using crude sample without precipitation. a total of 100 cerebrum samples (52 sheep and 48 elk), including 66 negati ... | 2005 | 16187549 |
| characteristics of iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) spermatozoa cryopreserved after storage at 5 degrees c in the epididymis for several days. | the aim of this study was to assess the influence of prolonged cold storage of iberian red deer epididymides on post-thaw sperm characteristics. thirty-seven pairs of testes, with attached epididymides, were collected during november and december. spermatozoa from one of each of the pairs were immediately recovered, evaluated and frozen (control group). the remaining epididymides were cooled to 5 degrees c and stored for 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h (experimental groups), after which spermatozoa were ... | 2005 | 16182871 |
| heavy metal levels in tissues of red deer (cervus elaphus) from eastern croatia. | the aim of this study was to measure the levels of some toxic and essential metals in the kidney cortex and jawbone of red deer caught in baranja region, eastern croatia. kidneys and jawbones of 57 red deer (17 males, 40 females), aged six months to ten years, were collected and the concentrations of metals determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (aas). the median mass fraction of toxic cadmium, mercury, and lead in the kidney were 0.099 mg kg(-1), 0.362 mg kg(-1), and 0.578 mg kg(-1) (w ... | 2005 | 16180608 |
| activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase regulation of transcription factors ets and nf-kappab in mycobacterium-infected macrophages and role of these factors in tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide synthase 2 promoter function. | previous studies have shown that primary murine macrophages infected with mycobacterium avium produced lower levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (nos2) compared to cells infected with nonpathogenic mycobacterium smegmatis. tnf-alpha and nos2 levels correlated with and were dependent on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (erk1/2). to define the macrophage transcriptional ... | 2005 | 16177323 |
| antitumor effect of e1a in ovarian cancer by cytoplasmic sequestration of activated erk by pea15. | the adenovirus type 5 gene e1a is known to suppress tumorigenicity by transcriptionally downregulating her-2/neu (her2) or by inducing apoptosis. we show here that e1a also suppressed the tumorigenicity of the low-her2-expressing ovarian cancer cell line ovcar-3 by decreasing cell proliferation. we further found that the mechanism responsible for this reduced proliferation is the presence of pea15 (phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes), which is upregulated by e1a in ovarian cancer; pea15 promo ... | 2006 | 16170361 |
| curcumin inhibits human colon cancer cell growth by suppressing gene expression of epidermal growth factor receptor through reducing the activity of the transcription factor egr-1. | high expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) is found in a variety of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. egfr has been identified as a rational target for anticancer therapy. curcumin, the yellow pigment of turmeric in curry, has received attention as a promising dietary supplement for cancer prevention and treatment. we recently reported that curcumin inhibited the growth of human colon cancer-derived moser cells by suppressing gene expression of cyclind1 and egfr. the aim ... | 2006 | 16170359 |
| cloning of the human task-2 (kcnk5) promoter and its regulation by chronic hypoxia. | the tandem p domain potassium channel family includes five members of the acid-sensing subfamily, task. task channels are active at resting potential and are inhibited by extracellular protons, suggesting they function as acid sensors and control excitability/ion homeostasis. indeed, task-2 (kcnk5) has been shown to control excitability, volume regulation, bicarbonate handling, and apoptosis in a variety of tissues. with such diverse functions being ascribed to task-2, it is important to underst ... | 2005 | 16168386 |
| microsatellites with variation and heredity applicable to genetic studies of norwegian red deer (cervus elaphus atlanticus). | 2005 | 16167997 | |
| [regulatory effect of smad7 gene on mapk signal pathway in malignant transformation of immortalized human bronchial epithelial bep2d cells]. | smad7 is an inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) signal pathway. tgf-beta could induce the expression of several genes through activating smad and ras/mek/erk pathways. this study was to determine whether smad7 is involved in regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signal pathway with tgf-beta in malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial bep2d cells. | 2005 | 16159429 |
| l-citrulline and l-arginine supplementation retards the progression of high-cholesterol-diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of ingested l-arginine, l-citrulline, and antioxidants (vitamins c and e) on the progression of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. the fatty diet caused a marked impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in isolated thoracic aorta and blood flow in rabbit ear artery in vivo, the development of atheromatous lesions and increased superoxide anion production in thoracic aorta, and increased oxidation-sensitive g ... | 2005 | 16157883 |
| molecular substrates for retrieval and reconsolidation of cocaine-associated contextual memory. | relapse into drug taking among addicts often depends on learned associations between drug-paired cues and the rewarding effects of these drugs, such as cocaine (coc). memory for drug-paired cues resists extinction and contributes to the high rate of relapse; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations are not understood. we show that coc-conditioned place preference (cpp) activates erk, creb, elk-1, and fos in the nucleus accumbens core (acbc) but not shell. intra-acbc infusi ... | 2005 | 16157281 |
| rapidly declining fine-scale spatial genetic structure in female red deer. | a growing literature now documents the presence of fine-scale genetic structure in wild vertebrate populations. breeding population size, levels of dispersal and polygyny--all hypothesized to affect population genetic structure--are known to be influenced by ecological conditions experienced by populations. however the possibility of temporal or spatial variation in fine-scale genetic structure as a result of ecological change is rarely considered or explored. here we investigate temporal variat ... | 2005 | 16156811 |
| the phylogenetic position of the 'giant deer' megaloceros giganteus. | the giant deer, or 'irish elk', has featured extensively in debates on adaptation, sexual selection, and extinction. its huge antlers--the largest of any deer species, living or extinct--formed a focus of much past work. yet the phylogenetic position of the giant deer has remained an enigma. on the basis of its flattened antlers, the species was previously regarded as closely related to the living fallow deer. recent morphological studies, however, have challenged that view and placed the giant ... | 2005 | 16148942 |
| locoweed (oxytropis sericea)-induced lesions in mule deer (odocoileius hemionus). | locoweed poisoning has been reported in wildlife, but it is unknown whether mule deer (odocoileius hemionus) are susceptible. in areas that are heavily infested with locoweed, deer and elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) have developed a spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease (cwd). although these are distinct diseases, no good comparisons are available. the purpose of this study was to induce and describe chronic locoweed poisoning in deer and compare it with the lesions of cwd. two groups ... | 2005 | 16145203 |
| chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a unique transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (o. virginianus), and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). the natural history of cwd is incompletely understood, but it differs from scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) by virtue of its occurrence in nondomestic and free-ranging species. cwd has many features in common with scrapie, including early widespread distribution of disease ... | 2005 | 16145200 |
| definitive differentiation between single and mixed mycobacterial infections in red deer (cervus elaphus) by a combination of duplex amplification of p34 and f57 sequences and hpy188i enzymatic restriction of duplex amplicons. | severe emaciation and mortalities suggestive of mycobacterial infections were recently reported for both adult and young wild red deer (cervus elaphus) in the southeastern part of belgium. in deer, tuberculous lesions are not pathognomonic of mycobacterium bovis infection due to gross and microscopic similarities with lesions caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis or m. avium subsp. avium. the aim of this study was to improve molecular methods for the species-specific identificati ... | 2005 | 16145120 |
| molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in wild animals in spain: a first approach to risk factor analysis. | in human tuberculosis (mycobacterium tuberculosis), molecular epidemiology has accurately indicated the risk factors involved in active transmission of the disease, by comparing individuals whose isolates belong to a cluster with patients whose strains are considered unique. nevertheless, this application has not been used in bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis). our study describes the integration of epidemiological data into molecular classification data on m. bovis isolates. these were i ... | 2005 | 16143470 |
| chronic wasting disease of elk: transmissibility to humans examined by transgenic mouse models. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a prion disease affecting free-ranging and captive cervids (deer and elk), is widespread in the united states and parts of canada. the large cervid population, the popularity of venison consumption, and the apparent spread of the cwd epidemic are likely resulting in increased human exposure to cwd in the united states. whether cwd is transmissible to humans, as has been shown for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (the prion disease of cattle), is unknown. we generat ... | 2005 | 16135751 |
| a novel protein depp, which is induced by progesterone in human endometrial stromal cells activates elk-1 transcription factor. | decidualization of the endometrial stromal cells (esc), considered to be stimulated by progesterone and/or camp, is crucial for embryo implantation and placentation. in this study, we isolated a novel clone encoding decidual protein induced by progesterone (depp) from a human esc cdna library enriched with progesterone-inducible genes. depp mrna was expressed in various human tissues including placenta, ovary and kidney. increased expression of depp was observed in endometria during mid- and lat ... | 2005 | 16123073 |
| rapid and transient activation of the erk mapk signalling pathway by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) and dependence on jab1/csn5 and src kinase activity. | macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is a 12.5 kd polypeptide that serves as a critical regulator of cell functions such as gene expression, proliferation or apoptosis. however, the signal transduction pathways through which mif takes part in cellular regulation are only incompletely understood. mif leads to cd74-dependent "sustained" activation of erk1/2 mapk, but mif's role in "transient" erk activation and the involved upstream pathways are unknown. here we report that the transient e ... | 2006 | 16122907 |
| long-term estradiol deprivation in breast cancer cells up-regulates growth factor signaling and enhances estrogen sensitivity. | deprivation of estrogen causes breast tumors in women to adapt and develop enhanced sensitivity to this steroid. accordingly, women relapsing after treatment with oophorectomy, which substantially lowers estradiol for a prolonged period, respond secondarily to aromatase inhibitors with tumor regression. we have utilized in vitro and in vivo model systems to examine the biologic processes whereby long-term estradiol deprivation (lted) causes cells to adapt and develop hypersensitivity to estradio ... | 2005 | 16113100 |
| campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., verocytotoxic escherichia coli, and antibiotic resistance in indicator organisms in wild cervids. | faecal samples were collected, as part of the national health surveillance program for cervids (hop) in norway, from wild red deer, roe deer, moose and reindeer during ordinary hunting seasons from 2001 to 2003. samples from a total of 618 animals were examined for verocytotoxic e. coli (vtec); 611 animals for salmonella and 324 animals for campylobacter. a total of 50 samples were cultivated from each cervid species in order to isolate the indicator bacterial species e. coli and enterococcus fa ... | 2005 | 16108210 |
| cilia-associated respiratory (car) bacillus infection in adult red deer, chamois, and roe deer. | cilia-associated respiratory (car) bacillus is an unclassified bacterium that colonizes the ciliated epithelium of airways in laboratory rats, laboratory mice, and laboratory and conventionally reared rabbits, cattle, goats, and pigs. data on the prevalence of car bacillus infection in wild animals are lacking. the present study demonstrated the occurrence of the organism in wild red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus), chamois (rupicapra rupicapra), and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) from the val ... | 2005 | 16107685 |
| efficacy of immobilizing free-ranging elk with telazol and xylazine hydrochloride using transmitter-equipped darts. | from january 1999 to april 2002, 14 free-ranging elk were darted with a mixture of telazol reconstituted with xylazine hydrochloride (hcl) in a forested habitat in southwestern oklahoma and north-central arkansas. elk were darted from ground blinds, tree stands, or a vehicle at distances of 14-46 m and were recovered 37-274 m from the dart site. elk were located using radiotelemetry with 3-cc disposable pneu-dart transmitter darts. mean+/-sd dose of telazol and xylazine hcl was 590+/-192 mg/ml a ... | 2005 | 16107675 |
| prescribed burning effects on summer elk forage availability in the subalpine zone, banff national park, canada. | the effects of prescribed burning on forage abundance and suitability for elk (cervus elaphus) during the snow-free season was evaluated in east-central banff national park, canada. six coniferous forest and mixed shrub-herb plant communities (n=144 plots), and 5223ha of burned (n=131) vegetation <12 years old were sampled using a stratified semi-random design. sampling units represented various combinations of vegetation, terrain conditions, and stand ages that were derived from digital biophys ... | 2005 | 16102891 |
| factors influencing the protective efficacy of a bcg homologous prime-boost vaccination regime against tuberculosis. | tuberculosis due to mycobacterium spp. continues to represent a major threat to human and animal health, prompting the search for effective vaccines. we have previously reported a sequential prime and boost homologous vaccination regime, using live avirulent m. bovis bacille calmette-guerin (bcg) strain 1173p2, that can provide significant protection to red deer (cervus elaphus) against virulent m. bovis infection. here, we have investigated the influence of varying the time-periods during and f ... | 2006 | 16098638 |
| challenges facing sex preselection of stallion spermatozoa. | since the production of the first live offspring from sex-sorted spermatozoa in 1989, there have been many developments in the fluorescence-activated cell separation (facs) procedures to preselect x- and y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa prior to insemination. during this time, facs technology has been applied to a range of species and has resulted in offspring from rabbits, cattle, sheep, elk and horses. in horses, satisfactory fertility rates have been achieved after hysteroscopic insemination ... | 2005 | 16084041 |
| skeleton of a late glacial elk associated with barbed points from poulton-le-fylde, lancashire. | 1971 | 16077546 | |
| phylogeny and antigenic relationships of three cervid herpesviruses. | elk herpesvirus (elkhv) from north american elk (wapiti, cervus elaphus nelsoni) is a recently identified alphaherpesvirus related to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). in this study, we determined its relationship with european cervid herpesviruses: cervid herpesvirus-1 (cerhv-1) from red deer and rangiferine herpesvirus (ranhv) from reindeer. for phylogenetic analysis, genes for the gc and gd proteins of these viruses were sequenced. these genes demonstrated an extremely high gc content (76-79%). g ... | 2005 | 16061301 |
| post mortem time and season alter subpopulation characteristics of iberian red deer epididymal sperm. | we have studied the effect of post mortem time and season on sperm subpopulation pattern and characteristics. we used epididymal samples from free-ranging iberian red deers harvested during the hunting season. we studied samples at different moments of the year (rut, transition period and post-rut), and at different times post mortem (up to 4 days). sperm were extracted from the cauda epididymis and their motility was evaluated by means of a casa system. a principal component and clustering anal ... | 2005 | 16054499 |
| spatially separate docking sites on erk2 regulate distinct signaling events in vivo. | inhibitors of the oncogenic ras-mapk pathway have been intensely pursued as therapeutics. targeting this pathway, however, presents challenges due to the essential role of mapk in homeostatic functions. the phosphorylation and activation of mapk substrates is regulated by protein-protein interactions with mapk docking sites. active erk1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2)-mapks localize to effectors containing def (docking site for erk, (f)/(y) -x-(f)/(y) -p)- or d-domain (docking doma ... | 2005 | 16051177 |
| liver microsomal biotransformation of albendazole in deer, cattle, sheep and pig and some related wild breeds. | albendazole (abz) biotransformation was studied in vitro in liver microsomes of adult noncastrated male farm animals (ram, buck, bull and boar), castrated adult males (wether, billy and hog), and free living males (fallow buck, red deer stag, mouflon ram, roe buck and wild boar). liver microsomal fractions were incubated with either abz or racemic albendazole sulphoxide (abzso). abz was extensively metabolized to the (+) and (-) enantiomers of abzso, whereas abzso underwent a slow oxidation to a ... | 2005 | 16050818 |
| [mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild animal species and cattle in styria/austria]. | infections with mycobacterium ovium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) are increasingly recognised worldwide. in addition to an increased prevalence of paratuberculosis in austrian cattle herds, recent years have also shown a rise in infections with m. paratuberculosis in wild red and roe deer, chamois and mouflon. during the period from june 2002 to september 2004, mesenteric lymph nodes were taken from a total of 483 wild animals hunted or found dead and from 338 deceased cattle. samp ... | 2005 | 16048043 |
| an epidemiological evaluation of mycobacterium bovis infections in wild game animals of the spanish mediterranean ecosystem. | recreational hunting of indigenous wild artiodactyls has been one of the most lucrative and rapidly growing industries in western spain over the last five years. in the absence of careful ecological management, one consequence of the commercial exploitation of this natural resource has been the appearance of outbreaks of infectious disease; most notably bovine tuberculosis. from the outset of the study in 1997, we have observed a steady increase in prevalence of mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) in ... | 2006 | 16045949 |
| the effect of johne's vaccination on tuberculin testing in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | to assess the degree of interference with bovine tuberculin testing in farmed red deer that vaccination of young deer with an oil-adjuvanted vs aqueous formulation of live attenuated mycobacterium paratuberculosis strain 316f vaccines would be likely to cause, and to compare immunological responses between vaccine formulations. | 2005 | 16044180 |
| interleukin-10 suppresses tissue factor expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages via inhibition of egr-1 and a serum response element/mek-erk1/2 pathway. | atherosclerosis is considered to be an inflammatory disease. tissue factor (tf), a prothrombotic molecule expressed by various cell types within atherosclerotic plaques, is thought to play an essential role in thrombus formation after atherosclerotic plaque rupture. recent studies suggest that the antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (il-10) has many antiatherosclerotic properties. therefore, the effects of il-10 on tf expression in response to inflammation were investigated. mouse macrophag ... | 2005 | 16037570 |
| cloning of the elk common glycoprotein alpha-subunit and the fsh and lh beta-subunit cdnas. | we report the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the pituitary glycoprotein hormone common alpha-subunit, and the fsh and lh beta-subunits of the elk (cervus elaphus). these sequences were obtained by rt-pcr of pituitary gland polyadenylated rna. a partial genomic fragment of the elk follicle stimulating hormone beta-subunit was also amplified from genomic dna and sequenced. these sequences show high similarity to other related domestic species, including sika deer, ovine, bovine, po ... | 2005 | 16034197 |
| dictyocaulus species: cross infection between cattle and red deer. | aim: to discover whether cross infection between red deer (cervus elaphus) and cattle is possible with either a bovine isolate of the cattle lungworm, dictyocaulus viviparus, or with a cervine isolate of the lungworm, dictyocaulus eckerti which is thought to be maintained primarily in deer. method: twelve cattle and 12 red deer were reared parasite-free from birth. at 3-4 months of age, half of each species (n=6) were experimentally infected with d. viviparus and the other half with d. eckerti. ... | 2003 | 16032306 |
| novel forages for growth and health in farmed deer. | aims: this paper reviews recent research on the use of new forages in deer farming that may be useful for increasing growth in weaner deer for venison production, increasing the trace element status of deer, and for developing systems less reliant on chemical inputs, notably of anthelmintics used to control internal parasites. growth: grazing on pure swards of red clover (trifolium pratense) or chicory (chicorium intybus) increased weaner growth during autumn by 26-47% and during spring by 10-14 ... | 2002 | 16032280 |
| copper supplementation, velvet antler production and growth of rising 2-year-old red deer stags. | to investigate whether copper supplementation to rising 2-year-old red deer stags (cervus elaphus) in winter and/or spring improved velvet antler weight, grade and financial value, and liveweight gain. | 2002 | 16032267 |
| effects of vaginal brucella ovis infection of red deer hinds on reproductive performance, and venereal transmission to stags. | to investigate the effects of vaginal brucella ovis infection on the reproductive performance of red deer (cervus elaphus) hinds. to determine whether stags may become infected with b. ovis by venereal transmission from mating infected hinds. | 2002 | 16032258 |
| liver copper, selenium and vitamin b12 concentrations in farmed and feral red deer (cervus elaphus). | to compare liver copper, selenium and vitamin b12 concentrations in red deer of farmed and feral origin. | 2002 | 16032221 |
| effects of brucella ovis infection on semen characteristics of 16-month-old red deer stags. | to determine the effects of brucella ovis infection on semen characteristics of 16-month-old red deer stags (cervus elaphus). | 2002 | 16032204 |
| a review of tissue reference values used to assess the trace element status of farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | aims: this paper reviews the principles for the establishment of biochemical reference criteria for assessing the trace element status of farmed livestock and summarises data for copper, selenium, vitamin b12 and iodine for farmed red deer. copper: enzootic ataxia and osteochondrosis occur when liver copper concentrations are below 60 micromol/kg fresh tissue, and serum copper concentrations are below 3-4 micromol/l. growth responses to copper supplementation have been equivocal when blood coppe ... | 2001 | 16032179 |
| isolation and characterisation of cervine herpesvirus-1 from red deer semen. | this communication describes the isolation of herpesvirus during routine export examination of semen collected from red deer stags in new zealand. | 2001 | 16032173 |
| dictyocaulus eckerti, lungworm infecting farmed red deer in new zealand. | 2001 | 16032160 | |
| evaluation of techniques for lignocaine hydrochloride analgesia of the velvet antler of adult stags. | to evaluate the effectiveness of various routes of administration and doses of local anaesthetic (la) to provide analgesia of the velvet antler of adult stags. | 2000 | 16032150 |
| attempted transmission of brucella ovis between red deer stags by successive grazing or adjacent-paddock grazing. | to determine whether brucella ovis can be transmitted from stag to stag by successive grazing of infected and noninfected stags in the same paddock, or by grazing infected and non-infected stags in adjacent paddocks. | 2000 | 16032138 |
| transmission of brucella ovis from rams to red deer stags. | to determine whether b. ovis will transmit from infected rams to non-infected red deer stags (cervus elaphus) grazing together in the same paddock. | 2000 | 16032119 |
| the effect of long-acting injectable selenium formulations on blood and liver selenium concentrations and liveweights of red deer (cervus elaphus). | to evaluate the efficacy of a new long acting injectable selenium ( se ) formulation to increase the se status and prevent se deficiency in red deer. | 2000 | 16032118 |
| activities and social relationships of red deer at pasture. | to provide baseline data for research into behaviourally appropriate management systems for deer. | 1999 | 16032078 |
| a survey of internal parasites and parasite control on north island deer farms. | to evaluate internal parasite control practices and their effectiveness, and to investigate relationships between indices of parasitism and production outcomes by analysis of data collected during a deer herd health and production profiling project. | 1998 | 16032051 |
| the efficacy of a pour-on formulation of moxidectin in young red and wapiti-hybrid deer. | to measure the efficacy of a pour-on formulation of moxidectin against lungworm and abomasal parasites in weaner wapiti x red deer and to compare this with its efficacy in weaner red deer. | 1998 | 16032046 |
| epidemiology and pathogenesis of mycobacterium bovis infection of red deer (cervus elaphus) in new zealand. | this study was initiated to investigate aspects of the epidemiology, pathogenesis and transmission of tuberculosis in wild red deer, with the aim of determining whether this species may be considered a reservoir host of mycobacterium bovis in new zealand. | 1998 | 16032039 |
| observations of leptospirosis in farmed deer. | slaughterhouse and on-farm surveys were undertaken to investigate some aspects of leptospirosis (leptospira interrogans) in farmed deer in the lower north island of new zealand. | 1998 | 16032037 |
| neuroleptic treatment of red deer calves at weaning. | to determine whether neuroleptic drugs could be useful in reducing weaning stress in red deer, two groups of 30 calves were studied following separation from their dams for weaning at 3-4 months of age. | 1998 | 16032030 |
| persistent anthelmintic activity of topically administered ivermectin in red deer (cervus elaphus l.) against lungworms (dictyocaulus viviparus). | a controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the persistent anthelmintic effect of ivermectin as a topical treatment at 500 microg/kg against induced infection with lungworm (dictyocaulus viviparus) in red deer (cervus elaphus). the results showed a highly significant (p <0.01) anthelmintic activity for at least 28 days against a newly acquired infection with dictyocaulus viviparus (>99% efficacy). | 1997 | 16031960 |
| natural infection of red deer with bovine tuberculosis. | six bovine tuberculosis-free red deer hinds were introduced in october 1993 to a 1.8 ha enclosure, within a larger field study site known to contain tuberculous possums, and kept there for 9 months. a mycobacterium bovis-infected possum was found in the vicinity of the deer enclosure 3 weeks after the introduction. subsequently, a further eleven infected possums were found in the area. the deer were monitored by repeated composite antibody detection elisa and lymphocyte transformation assays for ... | 1997 | 16031943 |
| histological examination of the antlerogenic region of red deer (cervus elaphus) hummels. | hummels are antlerless red deer stags. this abnormality has been attributed to poor feeding conditions which result in failure by the deer to grow complete pedicles. incomplete pedicles lack the potential to develop normal antlers. the histological examinations in this study showed that the rudimentary pedicles (5 mm and 15 mm in height) grown by the two hummels respectively were developed by intramembranous ossification. this is the way that the frontal lateral crests of normal deer are formed, ... | 1996 | 16031913 |
| xylazine and a xylazine/fentanyl citrate/azaperone combination in farmed deer. ii: velvet antler removal and reversal combinations. | three studies were undertaken on farmed red and red x wapiti deer to evaluate xylazine and a xylazine/fentanyl citrate/azaperone combination for velvet antler removal. in the first experiment, 30 1-2 year-old red and 25% red x wapiti deer whose velvet was to be removed were given either 5% xylazine alone at 0.5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly or the same dose rate of a commercially available mixture of 5% xylazine with the addition of 0.4 mg of fentanyl citrate and 3.2 mg of azaperone per ml. ... | 1996 | 16031902 |
| xylazine and a xylazine/fentanyl citrate/azaperone combination in farmed deer. i: dose rate comparison. | six 1-year-old farmed red deer were used to compare physiological and behavioural responses to a range of doses of 5% xylazine with or without the addition of 0.4 mg of fentanyl citrate and 3.2 mg of azaperone per ml. each deer was randomly assigned to one of six treatments: xylazine alone at 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg, the xylazinelfentanyl citrate/azaperone combination containing 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg of xylazine, or a sterile water control. injections were given intramuscularly in the anterior neck, ... | 1996 | 16031901 |
| dominance hierarchies in cattle and red deer (cervus elaphus): their possible relationship to the transmission of bovine tuberculosis. | a behavioural study was conducted to assess the dominance structure of cattle and deer herds and to assess the possible relationship of dominance to the risk of becoming infected with bovine tuberculosis. five groups of cattle containing newly identified intradermal tuberculin test reactors were evaluated to determine the dominance hierarchy, and then exposed to sedated possums to assess the response of reactors and non-reactors. eighty-six percent of the tuberculin test-positive cattle were amo ... | 1995 | 16031870 |
| osteochondrosis, skeletal abnormalities and enzootic ataxia associated with copper deficiency in a farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) herd. | a red deer herd of 150 mixed-age hinds, 48 stags and 102 weaners was identified as severely copper deficient during an observational study of 15 deer farms in the lower north island of new zealand during 1992 and 1993. severe lameness was observed in nine weaners in 1992 (8.8% prevalence) and 15 in 1993 (12% prevalence). typical abnormalities included swollen hocks and carpal joints and outward rotation of hind legs with hocks touching. at postmortem examination, there were epiphyseal fractures ... | 1995 | 16031812 |