Publications

effects of early parenting on growth and development in a small primate.	we report here a study of the impact of caregiver-infant relationships on physical growth and behavioral development in a small primate, the common marmoset. somatic growth was assessed from measurements of body weight, knee-heel length, head-tail length, head circumference, and pudendal pad width in females or testis volume in males obtained from unanesthetized monkeys. behavioral information was gathered by focal animal samples for discrete rearing behaviors. our data suggest that the frequenc ...	1996	8725261
influence of semen collection method on ejaculate characteristics in the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus.	a source of normal spermatozoa (sperm) is required for many andrological and reproductive studies. ideally the method used for semen collection should be repeatable and reliable but should not influence sperm characteristics or sperm function. two methods of semen collection from marmosets, vaginal washing after copulation and electroejaculation, were compared in terms of the success rate in obtaining samples and the characteristics of the sperm suspensions. vaginal washing was shown to be a rel ...	2006	8723441
survey of cryptosporidium and giardia spp. in a captive population of common marmosets.		1996	8699808
short and long-term changes in cerebral [14c]-2-deoxyglucose uptake in the mptp-treated marmoset: relationship to locomotor activity.	the "short-term" (0.7 +/- 0.1 months post-mptp) and "long-term" effects (36.7 +/- 4.4 months) of mptp treatment on motor behaviour and [14c]-2dg uptake were investigated in the common marmoset. the subcutaneous administration of mptp greatly reduced locomotor activity (-94% with respect to controls) and induced motor disability in the "short-term" mptp-treated marmoset group. in the "long-term" mptp group, mptp treatment did not significantly affect locomotor activity (-27% with respect to contr ...	1995	8695058
an appraisal of the antiparkinsonian activity of piribedil in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated common marmosets.	the d2 dopamine agonist piribedil is not widely used in the treatment of parkinson's disease because it was thought to be effective mainly on parkinsonian tremor and to produce a high incidence of peripheral side effects, particular nausea. in this study, we used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated primates to reevaluate the antiparkinsonian ability of piribedil after its oral administration in the presence or absence of domperidone pretreatment. adult common marmosets (c ...	1996	8684381
persistent epstein-barr virus infection in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection of the common marmoset causes long-term infection, with production of antibodies to virus-induced antigens, without clinical illness. attempts to show the presence of ebv dna in saliva of infected animals by pcr were initially unsuccessful, although slot-blot hybridization analysis demonstrated that viral dna was present. further investigations showed that most samples of pilocarpine-induced saliva, and 33% of the samples of whole mouth fluids (wmf) tested, wer ...	1996	8683204
antibody facilitation of multiple sclerosis-like lesions in a nonhuman primate.	in the human disease multiple sclerosis (ms), the immune mechanisms responsible for selective destruction of central nervous system myelin are unknown. in the common marmoset callithrix jacchus, a unique demyelinating form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis resembling ms can be induced by immunization with whole myelin. here we show that the ms-like lesion can be reproduced by immunization against the extracellular domain of a single myelin protein, myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (m ...	1995	8675668
the effect of stress on semen reduction in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	this study compared a number of semen parameters of two separate groups of the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) in order to determine the effect of a continuous potentially stressful situation on these parameters, and thus on the monkey's reproductive ability. the semen from 16 adult male marmoset monkeys was collected and analysed to compare semen parameters between a 'normal' (control) group (n = 9) and a 'blood withdrawn' ('stress') group (n = 7). the semen parameter values observe ...	1996	8671268
fetal globin expression in new world monkeys.	reverse phase chromatography of the globin chains of adult, newborn, and fetal erythrocytes from three species of new world monkeys (cebus apella, aotus azarae, and callithrix jacchus) representing three of the seven platyrrhine clades showed that gamma-globin expression was fetal in these animals. the globins were identified by a combination of chemical sequencing and mass spectrometric analysis. since gamma-globin expression is fetal in the other major simian branch, the catarrhines, but embry ...	1996	8663037
homologies between human and marmoset (callithrix jacchus) chromosomes revealed by comparative chromosome painting.	regions of dna homology between human and marmoset (callithrix jacchus) chromosomes have been demonstrated using fluorescence in situ hybridization. all 24 chromosome paints and two centromere repeat sequences from homo sapiens (hsa) have been annealed to previously g-banded metaphase spreads of callithrix jacchus. all human paint probes, except y, successfully hybridized to marmoset chromosomes. fifteen of them hybridized to one region only, seven to two regions, and paint 1 to three regions. h ...	1996	8660970
c-cells of marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the localization and fine structure of c-cells of the thyroid glands from 31 marmosets (callithrix jacchus) of different age groups (newborn to 11 years old) were investigated by electron microscopy and immunomorphology (apaap, calcitonin). calcitonin-positive cells were found concentrated in the middle third of the gland. their localization in the follicular wall or in the interstitial space could not clearly be demonstrated by light microscopy. in adult animals, they were always located within ...	1996	8638770
visual responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus of dichromatic and trichromatic marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	new-world primates such as the marmoset (callithrix jacchus) show polymorphism for the middle- to long-wavelength sensitive cone pigments. each x-chromosome carries a gene for only one of three possible pigments. all males are thus dichromats, but some females will be trichromats. we have investigated the responses of cells of the parvocellular (pc) and magnocellular (mc) systems within animals from a single marmoset family. the middle- to long-wavelength pigment of dichromats was identified phy ...	1995	8613728
hand, mouth and eye preferences in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	motor and sensory preferences were measured for 8 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). three types of motor function were examined: spontaneous feeding, mouth use when chewing and visuospatial reaching. eye preference was used as an index of sensory lateralization. the marmosets displayed individual preferences for the performance of the motor tasks, but no group biases were revealed. correlations between preferences displayed on the motor tests suggest that one hemisphere may control spontane ...	1995	8613126
effects of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions on neuropeptide immunoreactivity in the basal ganglia of the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, a quantitative immunohistochemical analysis.	previous immunocytochemical studies in rats have indicated that striatal dopamine depletion leads to an increase in enkephalin-immunoreactivity and a decrease in substance p-immunoreactivity in the striatum. similar studies in primates have lead to contradictory results. in the present study changes in tyrosine hydroxylase-, met-enkephalin- and substance p-immunoreactivity were determined in the basal ganglia of 6 common marmosets callithrix jacchus following dopamine depletion by unilateral int ...	1995	8588831
morphology and connections of neurons in area 17 projecting to the extrastriate areas mt and 19dm and to the superior colliculus in the monkey callithrix jacchus.	neurons of area 17, the primary visual cortex, project to various anatomically and physiologically different extrastriate areas and subcortical regions. in the present investigation, we addressed the question of whether the efferent neurons in area 17 can contribute to functional diversity between these regions. we approached this question by analyzing the dendritic morphology of neurons in area 17 projecting to area mt, area 19dm, and the superior colliculus in the new world simian primate call ...	1995	8576436
the thyroid gland of callithrix jacchus in organ culture.	thyroid glands from 7 marmosets (callithrix jacchus) of different age groups (newborn, 2 weeks, 2, 7, 8 and 11 months, and 8 years) were grown as organ culture according to trowell at the medium/air interphase for 3 to 30 days. the morphology of thyroid tissue was well preserved until the end of the culture period. necroses were only occasionally seen in connective tissue. in contrast to the in vivo situation, the number of lysosome-like inclusions changed considerably and cell-cell contacts bec ...	1995	8574010
calcium-binding proteins in the spiral ganglion of the monkey, callithrix jacchus.	calcium-binding proteins can act as intermediaries between changing levels of free intracellular calcium ions and the physiological response of neurons. some of these proteins, among them calbindin (cb), calretinin (cr) and parvalbumin (pv), can act as calcium buffers. a survey of previous studies in rodents and human fetuses leads to the impression that many spiral ganglion cells co-express cb, cr, and pv. the findings of the present study suggest that, in the adult marmoset, the expression of ...	1995	8567426
behavior and progesterone levels in callithrix jacchus females.	in callitrichids, and especially in the callithrix and saguinus genera, reproductive suppression maintains the breeding exclusivity of dominant females. it has been suggested that dominance may be inferred from agonistic behavior of females. the purpose of this study was to assess the adequacy of behaviors as indicators of hormonal status in callithrix jacchus females. two pairs of twin females were observed for affiliative, agonistic and sexual behaviors for 20 weeks, in four stages of increasi ...	1995	8555980
patterns of relaxin and steroids in the reproductive cycle of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): effects of prostaglandin f2 alpha on relaxin and progesterone secretion during pregnancy.	we measured the concentrations of relaxin (rlx), progesterone, and estradiol-17 beta in serum samples obtained twice or three times weekly from marmosets during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. the cyclic patterns and concentrations of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta were similar to those reported by previous investigators. rlx was not detected in individual serum samples ( < 0.62-1.25 ng/ml) obtained from nonpregnant marmosets. however, pooling of luteal serum from all animals permitted assa ...	1995	8547478
thalidomide derivatives and the immune system. 6. effects of two derivatives with no obvious teratogenic potency on the pattern of integrins and other surface receptors on blood cells of marmosets.	the two thalidomide (thd) derivatives beta-em12 and phthalimidophthalimide (phtpht), which exhibit no obvious teratogenicity, were tested for their ability to induce changes in the pattern of lymphocyte subpopulations, and especially changes in integrin receptors, in marmosets (callithrix jacchus). previously, thd and its highly teratogenic derivative alpha-em12 had been found to alter the expression of adhesion molecules, such as cd2 (lfa-2) or cd11a/cd18 (lfa-1). none of these typical effects ...	1996	8538370
cross-reactivity of antihuman monoclonal antibodies with cell surface receptors in the common marmoset.	in this report we demonstrate that a large number of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against human epitopes cross-react with surface receptors on white blood cells of callithrix jacchus, indicating species similarities. however, a variety of other mabs do not exhibit any cross-reactivity, thus also providing evidence for distinct differences in the structure of these receptors among nonhuman primates. such differences have to be known and taken into consideration when attempting extrapolations betw ...	1996	8538368
down-regulation of adhesion receptors on cells of primate embryos as a probable mechanism of the teratogenic action of thalidomide.	in spite of ongoing speculation, there has been no evidence that adhesion receptors are expressed on the cells of mammalian embryos. in this report, we provide the first proof that a variety of such receptor (beta 1-, beta 2-, and beta 3-integrins and selectin) are indeed expressed on cells of essentially all primordia of marmoset embryos at early organogenesis (developmental stages 11 to 13, or even earlier). treatment with low doses (20 or as little as 1 mg/kg body weight) of a highly teratoge ...	1996	8538367
comparative study of oestrogen excretion in female new world monkeys: an overview of non-invasive ovarian monitoring and a new application in evolutionary biology.	oestrogen was measured in urine samples collected from captive females representing 7 species of new world monkey to provide an overview of the applicability of such formation in the noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function and to assess the potential applicability of such information in phylogenetic studies. species available for study were the pygmy marmoset, common marmoset, red-bellied tamarin, cotton-top tamarin, golden lion tamarin, goeldi's monkey and the owl monkey. oestrone conjugates ...	1995	8529968
demonstration of nitric oxide synthase (nos) in marmosets by nadph diaphorase (nadph-d) histochemistry and nos immunoreactivity.	since species interdiversity often prevents the extrapolation of laboratory rodent data to man and similar problems may exist for nitric oxide synthase (nos), nadph-d activity and immunohistochemistry of nos were investigated in the new world monkey callithrix jacchus (marmoset), which has been shown to be close to the human situation in many respects. using the nadphd reaction with beta-nadph and nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) on acetone-chloroform pretreated cryosections, nbt formazan was found i ...	1995	8525791
intragastric infection induced in marmosets (callithrix jacchus) by a brazilian hepatitis a virus (haf-203).	several species of non-human primates have been used in studies on experimental infection with hepatitis a virus (hav). attempts to infect a south-american marmoset (callithrix jacchus) with a brazilian hav isolate (haf-203) are described here. four seronegative animals were inoculated intragastrically and one was sacrificed on day 11, 20, 47 and 62 after infection. one uninfected animal was included as control. liver, small intestine, lymph node, spleen and kidney samples were collected for his ...	1995	8520524
mhc-drb genes of platyrrhine primates.	the two infraorders of anthropoid primates, platyrrhini (new world monkeys) and catarrhini (old world monkeys and the hominoids) are estimated to have diverged from a common ancestor 37 million years ago. the major histocompatibility complex class ii drb gene and haplotype polymorphism of the catarrhini has been characterized in several recent studies. the present study was undertaken to obtain information on the drb polymorphism of the platyrrhini. fifty-five complete exon 2 drb sequences were ...	1993	8505064
in vitro fertilization and embryo development in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	oocytes aspirated from preovulatory (i.e. > or = 2 mm) follicles of marmoset monkeys were graded for maturity according to the degree of cumulus expansion, grade i being most mature and grade iv least mature. after preincubation for 2-5, 9-11 or 21-29 h, 82% of oocytes could be fertilized using epididymal spermatozoa and only 2.3% were polyspermic. fertilization rate was lowest (60%) in grade iv oocytes and all oocytes preincubated for 2-5 h (53%). fertilization rate increased to 92% in oocytes ...	1993	8501719
requirement of inner cell mass for efficient chorionic gonadotrophin secretion by blastocysts of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the role of the inner cell mass in the induction of chorionic gonadotrophin synthesis and secretion by the trophoblast of the peri-implantation primate blastocyst was studied in common marmoset monkeys. an in vitro system for the culture of blastocysts commencing with blastocysts collected 8 days after conception was developed. chorionic gonadotrophin measured in the spent culture fluid was first detected in most blastocysts after 3 or 4 days (day 11 or 12) of culture at a time equivalent to imp ...	1993	8501702
experimental transmission of bse and scrapie to the common marmoset.	two young male common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were injected intracerebrally and intraperitoneally with a crude brain homogenate prepared from a cow with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse). two other marmosets were similarly injected with brain homogenate from a sheep with natural scrapie. the two animals injected with scrapie material developed neurological signs 38 and 42 months after injection and the two animals injected with bse material developed neurological signs after 46 and 4 ...	1993	8488658
local regulation of primate granulosa cell aromatase activity.	granulosa cells produce inhibin and activin, proteins implicated in the local regulation of preovulatory follicular development. to assess interactions among fsh, lh, inhibin and activin on primate granulosa cell aromatase activity, we studied primary granulosa cell cultures from the ovaries of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a monkey with an ovarian cycle similar in length to the human cycle. the distinctive action of activin was augmentation of gonadotropin-responsive aromatase activ ...	1993	8476757
sensory cues and the suppression of reproduction in subordinate female marmoset monkeys, callithrix jacchus.	subordinate female marmoset monkeys remain anovulatory and have low plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (lh) when maintained with their dominant females. olfactory cues from the dominant female have been implicated in maintaining this reproductive suppression. subordinate females that received either ablation of the vomeronasal organ (an accessory olfactory organ; n = 3), ablation of the main olfactory epithelium (n = 4), or both lesions (n = 5) did not ovulate in the following 7 weeks ...	1993	8464022
thalidomide derivatives and the immune system. i. changes in the pattern of integrin receptors and other surface markers on t lymphocyte subpopulations of marmoset blood.	treatment of marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with thalidomide (thd) or its derivative em12 (which is also teratogenic, but more stable to hydrolysis) resulted in the lack of reaction of adhesion surface receptors (integrins) on t lymphocytes in venous blood. lymphocyte subsets appeared, for example cd4+cd2-, which are not found under normal conditions. (a) there was no clear effect of the treatments on the total number of leukocytes or lymphocytes or on the total number of cd4+ or cd8+ t lymphocy ...	1993	8452474
differences in levels of erythrocyte glutathione and its metabolizing enzyme activities among primates.	1. the levels of erythrocyte glutathione and the activities of its metabolizing enzymes--glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), glutathione s-transferase (gst) and glutathione reductase (gr)--were measured in four species of primates: human, rhesus monkey, common marmoset and common tree shrew. 2. there were marked differences in gsh-px and gst activities among the primates, while gr activity and glutathione level were much less variable.	1993	8448989
structure and evolution of the polymorphic photopigment gene of the marmoset.	the marmoset callithrix jacchus jacchus, is typical of a new world monkey in exhibiting a polymorphism of photopigments in the middlewave to longwave (535-565 nm) region of the spectrum. the single x-linked opsin gene that encodes the protein component of these pigments is present in three allelic forms producing, in marmosets, pigments with maximum sensitivities at about 543, 556 and 563 nm. all male monkeys are dichromats, whereas females may be either dichromats or trichromats. a cdna sequenc ...	1993	8447088
effects of sex steroids on maternal motivation in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): development and application of an operant system with maternal reinforcement.	we developed an operant paradigm for measuring effects of reproductive steroids on maternal motivation in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). conditioned response regulated females' exposure to maternal reinforcement. nulliparous females (n = 15) with experience with infants in social groups were subjects. the paradigm was validated by examining (a) effects of reinforcing stimuli on affective behavior in a nonoperant paradigm, (b) responsiveness of operant performance to changes in reinforcin ...	1993	8444024
a t.e.m. stereological analysis of blood vessels and nerves in marmoset periodontal ligament following endodontics and magnetic incisor extrusion.	maxillary incisor fracture is a common dental injury. it is frequently treated by endodontic therapy, orthodontic extrusion, and a retention period. the aim of the study was to mimic this regime and stereologically quantify the vascular and neural reconstitution of the periodontal ligament (pdl). ten marmosets (callithrix jacchus) had the right maxillary incisor crown removed, root canal treatment, and magnetic incisor root extrusion of 1.2 mm. after incisor retention for 9 weeks, the animals we ...	1993	8436195
purification from liver microsomes from untreated cynomolgus monkeys of cytochrome p450 closely related to human cytochrome p450 2b6.	a cytochrome p450 (p450) (referred to as p450cmla) was purified and characterized from hepatic microsomes from untreated cynomolgus monkeys (macaca irus). the final preparation was electrophoretically homogeneous and its estimated minimum molecular mass was 49.5 kda. the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein (first 34 residues) closely resembled that of the protein encoded by the 2b6 cdna from humans (94%). this protein was cross-reactive with antibodies raised against p450 2b1 (p450 ...	1993	8429823
distribution and metabolism of aflatoxin b1 in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	whole-body autoradiography of [3h]aflatoxin b1 (3h-afb1) in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) showed a localization of bound labelling, in addition to the liver, in the nasal olfactory and respiratory mucosa and the mucosa of the nasopharyngeal duct, the pharynx, the larynx, the trachea and the oesophagus. in vitro microautoradiography of these tissues incubated with 3h-afb1 showed a localization of bound radioactivity in some cells in the epithelial linings of the tissues. this binding was ...	1993	8425254
age-related effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment of common marmosets.	the effect of treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) on juvenile (6-8 months), young adult (2-4 years) and aged (8-10 years) common marmosets were compared. juvenile marmosets were more resistant to the actions of mptp and required a greater cumulative dose over a longer period to induce the same degree of motor disability observed in older animals. young adult and aged marmosets showed an equivalent motor recovery in the 4-5 weeks following cessation of mptp treatmen ...	1993	8422900
application of human minisatellite probes to the development of informative dna fingerprints and the isolation of locus-specific markers in animals.	in this study, the alpha-globin 3' hvr (jarman et al., 1986), the rna transcripts of 33.15 and 33.6 (carter et al., 1989), and the human locus-specific minisatellites ms1, ms8, ms31, ms32 (wong et al., 1987), ms51, ms228a (armour et al., 1989) and g3 (wong et al., 1986) were applied to domestic pigs, common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus jacchus) and waldrapp ibises (geronticus eremita) and evaluated for their suitability firstly for isolating polymorphic vntr markers from genomic librarie ...	1993	8400710
roles of cyclic amp and inositol phosphates in the luteolytic action of cloprostenol, a prostaglandin f2 alpha analogue, in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus).	the luteolytic response to a prostaglandin f2 alpha analogue, cloprostenol, was investigated in vivo and in vitro at defined stages of the luteal phase. in vivo administration of cloprostenol to female marmoset monkeys on day 3 after ovulation had no effect on plasma progesterone concentrations, whereas administration on day 14 after ovulation reduced plasma progesterone to preovulatory concentrations within 4 h. to identify the cellular basis for this luteolytic action, marmoset luteal tissue o ...	1993	8388957
analysis of the tumorigenic potential of common marmoset lymphoblastoid cells expressing a constitutively activated c-myc gene.	the respective roles of epstein-barr virus (ebv) and c-myc in the pathogenesis of endemic burkitt's lymphoma (bl) are unclear. in order to help resolve the question whether constitutive expression of the c-myc gene in an ebv-immortalised b cell is sufficient to induce a tumorigenic phenotype, b cells from a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) were immortalised with ebv, transfected with a constitutively activated c-myc gene and inoculated into the host animals. despite the cell line transfected ...	1993	8388232
histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of hepatitis a virus infection in marmoset callithrix jacchus.	samples of serum, feces and liver tissue and organs of six cotton-eared marmosets callithrix jacchus infected intravenously with two different strains of hepatitis a virus (hav), were studied by conventional histologic techniques, by serological techniques and by immunocytochemical methods, such as immunofluorescence (if) and peroxidase-antibody techniques. hepatitis a antigen (haag) was detectable in daily collected stools, in liver biopsy obtained sequentially, and in organs collected at necro ...	1993	8385516
identification of a competitive binding component in vitamin d-resistant new world primate cells with a low affinity but high capacity for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3.	monkeys in a number of different new world primate genera express a form of compensated target organ resistance to steroid hormones, including 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 [1,25-(oh)2d3]. characterization of these phenotypes has previously relied upon the study of the 1,25-(oh)2d3-receptor (vdr) interaction in cultured dermal fibroblasts from affected primates. in this report, we show that three of these prototypic phenotypes can be faithfully reproduced in previously established cultured cell lines ...	1993	8381251
sexual and aggressive behaviour of adult male marmosets (callithrix jacchus) castrated neonatally, prepubertally, or in adulthood.	during early postnatal development, males of some primate species exhibit higher levels of plasma testosterone than females. the possible significance of this for behavioural development was examined in male marmosets castrated neonatally (nc), prepubertally (pc), or in adulthood (ac) and reared in their natal groups. age-matched intact (ai) adult males served as controls. all males were removed from their natal groups as adults for pair testing with unfamiliar conspecific males and females. nc ...	1993	8372125
effects of testosterone propionate upon the sexual and aggressive behavior of adult male marmosets (callithrix jacchus) castrated as neonates.	in new world monkeys of the family callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins), females frequently give birth to dizygotic twins. twins share a placental circulation throughout fetal development and are hemopoietic chimeras. despite this, there is no masculinization (freemartinism) in females which develop next to a male co-twin. it has been suggested that the organizing effects of testicular androgen upon sexual differentiation of the brain occur mainly during early postnatal development in male ca ...	1993	8349280
pre- and postnatal development of the primary visual cortex of the common marmoset. ii. formation, remodelling, and elimination of synapses as overlapping processes.	during ontogenesis changes in the numerical density of synapses are usually assumed to depend essentially on variations in the formation of synapses. only the final adjustment to adult synapse densities is thought to include the elimination of synapses in some brain regions of certain species. here, we focus attention on quantitative aspects of synapse elimination throughout development of area 17 of marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). mature synapses, various precursor forms, and indicators ...	1993	8340496
pre- and postnatal development of the primary visual cortex of the common marmoset. i. a changing space for synaptogenesis.	the primary visual cortex of callithrix jacchus occupies a large portion of the occipital neocortex and can be safely delineated from fetal stages onwards. in 20 animals ranging in age from fetal to adult age the morphological development of area 17 was evaluated and compared with the growth of whole brain, skull, and head size. cortical thickness, surface area, and volume of the area were determined in addition to predominant growth directions. the volume of area 17 approximately doubles betwee ...	1993	8340495
ocular development and visual deprivation myopia in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the normal postnatal ocular development of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and the effects of visual deprivation on eye growth and refractive state are described. the marmoset normally undergoes a developmental process of emmetropization from high hyperopia at birth. this emmetropization is easily disrupted by visual deprivation produced by lid-suture. myopia and axial elongation of the vitreous chamber are induced by visual deprivations of 12, 5, and 3 weeks duration. the development o ...	1993	8333155
visual optics and retinal cone topography in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a small, diurnal, new world monkey amenable to vision research. in this paper we describe the visual optics and cone photoreceptor topography of the normal adult marmoset. paraxial optical ray-tracing shows that the marmoset eye is well represented as a scaled-down version of the human eye. the density of foveal and perifoveal cone photoreceptors in the marmoset is as high, and in peripheral retina higher, than those reported in humans and macaques. th ...	1993	8333154
alterations in striatal and extrastriatal d-1 and d-2 dopamine receptors in the mptp-treated common marmoset: an autoradiographic study.	in adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), mptp (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) treatment induced almost total depletion of cells in the substantia nigra pars compacts (snc) but partial cell loss in the ventral tegmental area (vta). there was severe depletion of [3h]-mazindol binding to dopamine (da) uptake sites in the caudate, putamen, and snc. the loss of [3h]-mazindol binding in the nucleus accumbens (nac) and olfactory tubercle (ot) was less marked. [3h]-mazindol binding ...	1993	8332947
a selective maob inhibitor ro19-6327 potentiates the effects of levodopa on parkinsonism induced by mptp in the common marmoset.	the effects of the selective and reversible maob inhibitor ro19-6327 on parkinsonism in common marmosets, induced by mptp were studied. combined administration of ro19-6327 with benserazide/levodopa potentiated the effects of levodopa to reverse akinesia. in a microdialysis study, the administration of ro19-6327 was found to minimize the increase in metabolites of dopamine (da) following injection of levodopa. these results suggest that ro19-6327 suppresses the metabolism of da, resulting in inc ...	1993	8321428
alteration of circadian period length does not influence the ovarian cycle length in common marmosets, callithrix j. jacchus (primates).	to investigate the coupling between the circadian system and the regulation of the ovarian cycle in nonhuman primates, the effect of zeitgeber-induced alterations of the circadian period (23 vs 26 h) on the ovarian cycle length was studied in the long-cycling polyestrous common marmoset, callithrix j. jacchus. for that purpose, six female marmosets were isolated for approximately 4 months each under artificial lighting regimens of 23 h [light-dark (ld) 11.5:11.5] and of 26 h (ld 13:13; 300:0.03 ...	1993	8319317
microvascular architecture of the filiform papillae in primates and insectivores.	the microvascular architecture of filiform papillae was investigated under a scanning electron microscope in man, japanese monkeys, common squirrel monkeys, common marmosets, common tree shrews, large japanese moles and dwarf shrews utilizing microvascular corrosion casts. filiform papillae were circularly arranged in primates, and each of them was supplied by a hairpin capillary loop. these papillae sometimes were aggregated. the filiform papillae of japanese monkeys exhibited markedly location ...	1993	8316801
arthritis of the spondyloarthropathy variety in callithrix jacchus.	sixty skeletons of callithrix jacchus were examined to identify spondyloarthropathy. erosive disease in callithrix was confirmed as spondyloarthropathy on the basis of diagnostic sacroiliac erosions, syndesmophyte formation, and the nature and distribution of the peripheral joint erosions.	1993	8289220
distribution of seven major neurotransmitter receptors in the striate cortex of the new world monkey callithrix jacchus.	the distribution of seven different binding sites for the transmitters l-glutamate (l-glutamate binding sites and n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor), gaba (gabaa receptor), noradrenaline (alpha 1 receptor), acetylcholine (muscarinic m1 and m2 receptors) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine1 receptor) are analysed in the primary visual cortex (area 17) of the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, using quantitative autoradiography. all binding sites show a well-defined laminar pattern, which changes sha ...	1993	8284040
measurement of faecal steroids for monitoring ovarian function in new world primates, callitrichidae.	measurement of immunoreactive progesterone, pregnanediol and oestradiol in faeces collected throughout ovarian cycles in three species of callitrichid primates is reported. faecal hormone concentrations were compared with plasma progesterone profiles during pgf2 alpha-controlled (n = 7) and natural (n = 8) cycles in callithrix jacchus and saguinus fuscicollis, respectively, and with urinary oestrone conjugates during five cycles in saguinus oedipus. unconjugated steroids, which predominated over ...	1993	8283445
illustrated guide to surgical technique for vasectomy of the common marmoset.	the surgical technique for vasectomy of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is described and illustrated.	1993	8277713
behavioral effects of the intraventricular administration of 5-ht and dopamine in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the effects of ivt serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht)] and dopamine (da) administration have been studied in rats and marmosets (callithrix jacchus). in rats, 5-ht (114 and 170 micrograms/10 microliters) produced the same behavioral effects observed after ip administration of its precursors and agonists. the same doses of 5-ht used for rats produced only part of the behavioral effects in marmosets after ip administration of 5-ht precursors and agonists. ataxia, vomiting, and decreased motor a ...	1993	8255914
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and the human immune system. 1. blood cell receptors in volunteers with moderately increased body burdens.	using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and flow cytometry, we studied a variety of surface receptors on lymphocyte subpopulations of workers with moderately increased body burdens of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and of other polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (pcdd/pcdf), expressed here as international-toxicity equivalencies (i-te). the hypothesis to be tested was whether or not humans exhibit a similar susceptibility to pcdds/pcdfs with respect to the surface recepto ...	1993	8255162
behavioral effects of cholinergic grafts.	experimental work in animals and, to a more limited extent, in humans, has demonstrated that the cholinergic system is involved in mechanisms which control learning and memory. since there is cholinergic loss in a variety of dementing illnesses, any treatment designed to alleviate the mental symptoms of these diseases must address the issue of cholinergic dysfunction even if other treatments are also required to overcome other neurotransmitter imbalances. work in rodents has demonstrated that ch ...	1993	8239295
experimental induction of beta-amyloid plaques and cerebral angiopathy in primates.	moderate numbers of amyloid plaques with associated argyrophilic dystrophic neurites and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (caa) but no neurofibrillary tangles (nfts) were found in the brains of 3 middle-aged common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) 6-7 years earlier with brain tissue from a patient with early onset alzheimer's disease. the plaques and vascular amyloid stained positively with antibodies to beta (a4)-protein. the brains of 3 age-matched control marmosets ...	1993	8239287
the molecular cloning and sequence of the common marmoset interferon-gamma (maifn-gamma) gene.	a dna fragment covering marmoset interferon gamma (maifn-gamma) was cloned from the dna of peripheral blood leucocytes, sequenced and compared to its human ifn-gamma counterpart. the two nucleotide sequences were found to be highly homologous (90.3%). the position of the exons are directly comparable with those of the human ifn-gamma gene and follows the pattern of structural conservation found elsewhere. the present work makes available recombinant maifn-gamma for animal experiments.	1993	8219283
evidence for the experimental transmission of cerebral beta-amyloidosis to primates.	the brains of three marmosets (callithrix jacchus) injected intracerebrally 6-7 years earlier with brain tissue from a patient with early onset alzheimer's disease were found to contain moderate numbers of amyloid plaques with associated argyrophilic dystrophic neurites and cerebral amyloid angiopathy but no neurofibrillary tangles. the plaques and vascular amyloid stained positively with antibodies to beta (a4)-protein. the brains of three age-matched control marmosets from the same colony did ...	1993	8217779
audition and the auditory pathway of a vocal new world primate, the common marmoset.		1993	8210411
social organization in a wild population of callithrix jacchus. i. group composition and dynamics.	data are presented on group dynamics in a wild population of the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus, in northeastern brazil. three marked and habituated groups were observed, and composition noted, for at least 5 days a month over 12-18 consecutive months. group sizes ranged from 5 to 15 individuals, and changes in group composition were the result of births, immigrations, and disappearances. no immigrations into the main study groups were observed throughout the study period. none of the three ...	1993	8206418
[hypotensive action of human renin inhibitor kri-1314 in the common marmoset].	the possibility of using kri-1314, a new cyclohexylnorstatine derivative, as an antihypertensive drug was examined using common marmosets. kri-1314 strongly inhibited plasma renin activity (pra) in both humans and marmosets, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 4.7 x 10(-9) and 6.9 x 10(-9) m, respectively. in anesthetized marmosets, the increase in both blood pressure and pra induced by bolus intravenous injection of rh-renin (0.15 microgram/kg) was suppressed by constant intravenous infusion ...	1994	8175079
the common marmoset as a model for nutritional impacts upon reproduction.		1994	8154709
distribution of cytochrome oxidase and parvalbumin in the primary visual cortex of the adult and neonate monkey, callithrix jacchus.	the anatomical distributions of the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome oxidase (co) and of the calcium binding protein parvalbumin (pv) were studied in the striate cortex of adult and neonate new world monkeys (callithrix jacchus). in the adult marmoset, both proteins were found in laminar arrangements similar to those described for the macaque monkey, with prominent bands of pv-like immunoreactive (pv-li) puncta in layers iv and iiib, and fairly evenly distributed pv-li nonpyramidal neurons. furth ...	1994	8144744
connections from the neocortex to the vestibular brain stem nuclei in the common marmoset.	monosynaptic projections from the cerebral cortex to the vestibular nuclei were studied in the common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) by injecting fluorescent dextrans into the brain stem vestibular nuclei. the injection sites were determined by single unit vestibular responses identified later histologically. during the recordings sinewave rotation in pitch, roll or yaw or steady tilt was applied. the most notable loci of labelling were found inside the primary sensory cortex, the cortex d ...	1993	8110998
cloning and expression of interleukin-3 genes of chimpanzee and new world monkeys.	interleukin-3 (il-3) genes were cloned from chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), tamarin (saguinus oedipus) and marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and expressed in cos cells. although the il-3 gene structure is well conserved in these primate species, sequence analysis revealed extensive base substitutions. the chimpanzee il-3 protein, which is highly homologous (98.5% identity) to human il-3, stimulated proliferation of human cells dependent on il-3. in contrast, due to the numerous amino acid substitution ...	1994	8110834
chronic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine to monkeys: behavioural, morphological and biochemical correlates.	the behavioural, biochemical and morphological effects of a chronic administration of low doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) were studied in the common marmoset. monkeys received the toxin (1 mg/kg i.p.) twice a week for four months. group a monkeys were studied one week after the last injection of mptp; group b monkeys were studied eight months after the last toxic injection. the monkey behaviour was observed throughout the experiment; the biochemical and morphological ...	1993	8105418
effects of talipexole on motor behavior in normal and mptp-treated common marmosets.	administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp, 0.5 mg/animal i.v. once or twice) to common marmosets induced persistent parkinsonian motor deficits. the postsynaptic dopamine d2 receptor agonist properties of talipexole (b-ht 920, 2-amino-6-allyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4h-thiazolo[4,5-d]-azepine), which is believed to be a dopamine autoreceptor agonist, were examined using normal and mptp-treated marmosets and were compared to these properties of bromocriptine, a selective dop ...	1993	8104807
urinary estradiol-17 beta excretion in common marmosets, callithrix jacchus: diurnal pattern and relationship between creatinine-related values and excreted amount.	1. the diurnal pattern of urinary estradiol and creatinine excretion was investigated in order to evaluate the relationship between total estradiol excretion per day and the estradiol concentration or the estradiol-to-creatinine ratio from single urine samples in female common marmosets (callithrix j. jacchus). 2. during a 36-day period, urine was collected from five adult female marmosets in 3-hr intervals during the light time of an ld 12:12 (400:0.1 lx) which corresponded to the animals' acti ...	1993	8101157
a novel population of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurones in the basal forebrain of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	we have observed in the basal forebrain of the common marmoset a group of neurones which display tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (thir) with three different polyclonal antibodies and one monoclonal antibody, and which express th mrna as shown by in situ hybridization histochemistry. the population of cells is composed of large multipolar neurones and is located predominantly in the substantia innominata and at the ventral, medial and lateral margins of the external segment of the globus pa ...	1993	8097024
lh- and chorionic gonadotrophin-stimulated progesterone release in vitro by intact luteal tissue of the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	the application of an in vitro microdialysis system (mds) for studies on the gonadotrophic control of luteal progesterone secretion in the marmoset monkey is described. luteal tissue collected from a total of six animals (9 +/- 1 days after ovulation) was perfused with ringer solution (without and with lipoprotein, 0.6 microgram/ml). the tissue was exposed to repeated applications of human lh (hlh) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) (1, 10 and 100 iu/ml) each of 60 min duration. perfusate w ...	1994	8071639
toxicity of a novel hmg-coa reductase inhibitor in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	1. gr95030x, a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase, was administered daily to marmosets by gavage. in a maximum repeatable dose (mrd) study, doses of up to 30 mg kg-1 day-1 were administered for 49 days. in a chronic study, animals received dosages equivalent to 0, 1, 2.5, 7.5 and 20 mg kg-1 day-1 for 204 or 205 days. some animals were maintained without treatment for a recovery period of 29 or 30 days. 2. clinical signs included poor coat condition, wea ...	1994	8043318
a simple automated test to measure exploratory and motor activity of marmosets.	an automated device is described to test the exploratory and motor activity of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). the device consists of four boxes interconnected by pvc tubes. the presence of an animal in a box is detected by a photocell. calibration takes place with an electric model train. movements of the animal from one box to another are detected by disappearance from one and appearance in another box. the apparatus is linked to a pc. the effects of two doses of methamphetamine and of ...	1994	8029258
epidemiological study of sporotrichosis and histoplasmosis in captive latin american wild mammals, são paulo, brazil.	sporotrichosis and histoplasmosis are deep mycosis with a high incidence in human beings in brazil. in domestic animals histoplasmosis has been described only in dogs, but the occurrence of sporotrichosis among domestic animals in brazil has been described in dogs, cats, mules and asses. there is also a case of this disease reported in a chimpanzee (pan troglodites). the purpose of this research was to perform an epidomiological study of these mycoses using delayed hypersensitivity tests (histop ...	1994	8028639
dietary fats and cardiac arrhythmia in primates.	several epidemiological surveys have suggested that an alteration in the habitual intake of the type rather than the amount of dietary fat may offer a nutritional means for a reduction in mortality from severe cardiac arrhythmia which cannot be achieved at present by the post hoc administration of anti-arrhythmic agents. we have examined this possibility in a series of long-term feeding studies with the small non-human primate marmoset monkey callithrix jacchus. in both in vitro and in vivo stud ...	1994	8025371
embryotoxic effects of thalidomide derivatives in the non-human primate callithrix jacchus. 5. lack of teratogenic effects of phthalimidophthalmide.	the teratogenic potency of the thalidomide (thd) derivative phthalimidophthalimide (phtpht) was assessed in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), by oral administration of the relatively high daily dose of 50 mg phtpht/kg body wt, during the susceptible period (days 48-61 of pregnancy). since in this species daily doses of only 100 micrograms/kg body wt of the thd derivative em12 already induce typical gross structural abnormalities in nearly 100% of the fetuses, investigations with a small ...	1994	8024468
3h11, a unique cell surface molecule involved in the function of the cd45ra+ subset of cd4+ cells.	we have developed a mab anti-3h11 by immunizing mice with a t cell line derived from the callithrix jacchus (common marmoset). anti-3h11 is reactive with approximately 48% of unfractionated t cells, 62% of cd4+ cells and 39% of cd8+ cells. among cd4 cells, anti-3h11 preferentially reacts with the cd45ra+ t cell subset. the majority of helper activity for pokeweed mitogen (pwm)-driven b cell igg synthesis and t cell response to recall antigen such as tetanus toxoid was found within the 3h11-cd4 c ...	1994	7981142
embryotoxic effects of thalidomide derivatives in the non-human primate callithrix jacchus. iv. teratogenicity of micrograms/kg doses of the em12 enantiomers.	the dose-response of the teratogenic potency of the thalidomide (thd) derivative em12 was evaluated in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). the smallest daily dose found to be effective was 30 micrograms em12/kg body wt. this is the lowest dose of a thd derivative ever reported to induce severe skeletal abnormalities. ten micrograms em12/kg body wt may be considered the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (noael) under the experimental conditions chosen. the teratogenic potencies of the two em ...	1994	7940403
dietary lipids and adipose tissue fatty acids in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	the fatty acid composition of marmoset monkey perirenal fat was examined after long-term feeding of different lipid supplemented diets. saturated fatty acid supplementation significantly reduced linoleic acid; n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) supplementation decreased oleic acid but did not reduce the saturated fatty acid content of perirenal fat. dietary supplementation with fish oil also reduced the level of linoleic acid but increased the level of palmitic acid as well as that of the lon ...	1994	7914864
beta-adrenergic control of lipolysis in primate white fat cells: a comparative study with nonprimate mammals.	the beta-adrenoceptor subtypes involved in the control of lipolysis in white fat cells of rat, dog, marmoset (callithrix jacchus), baboon (papio papio), macaque (macaca fascicularis), and human were compared. in all species [3h]cgp-12177 binding (up to 3 nm) indicated the existence of a homogeneous population of binding sites in fat cell membranes, and competition studies showed that beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors were present. selective beta 1 or beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists induced lipolysis ...	1994	7914069
the competitive nmda antagonist cpp protects substantia nigra neurons from mptp-induced degeneration in primates.	degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is the primary histopathological feature of parkinson's disease. the neurotoxin mptp (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induces a neurological syndrome in man and non-human primates very similar to idiopathic parkinson's disease by selectively destroying dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. this gives rise to the hypothesis that parkinson's disease may be caused by endogenous or environmental toxins. endogenous excitatory amino acids ...	1993	7907775
behavioral assessment of the effects of embryonic nigral grafts in marmosets with unilateral 6-ohda lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway.	grafts of embryonic nigral tissue were made into the striatum of marmosets (callithrix jacchus) which had previously received a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda) lesion of the nigrostriatal bundle. the grafts comprised injections of cell suspensions prepared from embryonic (74 day) marmoset ventral mesencephalic tissue targeted at multiple striatal sites in the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the nucleus accumbens on the same side as the initial lesion. a series of behavioral tests was use ...	1994	7906227
nonsurgical uterine stage preimplantation embryo collection from the common marmoset.	a nonsurgical technique for the recovery of uterine stage preimplantation embryos was developed for the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). in 54 flush attempts, using 19 different animals, 54 morphologically normal embryos, seven unfertilized oocytes or degenerate embryos, and five empty zonae pellucidae were recovered, giving a recovery rate of 1.0 embryo per flush or 1.2 ovulation products per flush. because the ovarian cycles of common marmosets can be synchronized with prostaglandin pgf2 ...	1994	7897640
social implications of gummivory in marmosets.	gummivory or exudate feeding is a major dietary specialization which has received relatively little attention in the literature. while plant exudates contribute to the diet of many primate species, we suggest that the callitrichid species cebuella pygmaea and callithrix jacchus are obligate exudate feeders under free-ranging conditions. callithrix jacchus provides an excellent model for examining the effects of exudate feeding and foraging upon social behavior, since other callitrichid species o ...	1994	7864061
molecular mass and isoelectric properties of pituitary and urinary gonadotrophins in callitrichid primates.	in this study, the molecular masses and isoelectric characteristics of pituitary lh and fsh in two species of callitrichid primate, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and the cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus), were determined. comparative data for urine samples from callithrix jacchus are also presented. the separation of gonadotrophins from pituitary extracts and urine was performed under nonreducing conditions using sds-page and isoelectric focusing procedures. hormone activity in ge ...	1994	7861403
growth factors (egf, igf-i) modulate the morphological differentiation of adult marmoset (callithrix jacchus) sertoli cells in vitro.	the effects of epidermal growth factor (egf) and insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) on mature marmoset (callithrix jacchus) sertoli cells in vitro were investigated using light and electron microscopic and histochemical means. the morphological data were substantiated by morphometric analysis at the electron microscopic level. in a bicameral chamber system, cultured sertoli cells displayed a high degree of ultrastructural differentiation and exhibited a polarized appearance. basally located ti ...	2006	7860420
effects of recombinant human interleukin 6 (rhil-6) in marmosets (callithrix jacchus). 1. general toxicity and hematological changes.	the physiological and toxicological properties of recombinant human interleukin 6 (rhil-6) were assessed in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). two experimental series were performed with daily subcutaneous administration: (a) 5 or 1000 micrograms rhil-6/kg per day for three weeks and (b) 25, 100 or 500 micrograms rhil-6/kg per day for 3 months. rhil-6 was well tolerated and did not induce fever or any other non-specific signs of toxicity. the main findings were: (1) a two- to threefold incre ...	1994	7857201
antiparkinsonian activity of talipexole in mptp-treated monkeys: in combination with l-dopa and as chronic treatment.	we examined whether or not the antiparkinsonian activity of talipexole (b-ht 920, 6-allyl-2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4h-thiazolo[4,5-d]-azepine) could be optimised by combination with l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa). additionally, the effects of chronic treatment with talipexole on motor behavior were investigated using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-treated and normal common marmosets. administration of mptp (0.5 mg/animal i.v. once or twice) to marmosets induced pers ...	1994	7851473
postnatal development of glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin and s100 protein in monkey visual cortex: evidence for a transient reduction of gfap immunoreactivity.	in the cerebral cortex of some species, the gradual appearance of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) is often interpreted as reflecting the parallel maturation of neuronal connectivity. we studied the postnatal maturation of astrocytes in the primary visual cortex of callithrix jacchus using antibodies against gfap, vimentin and s100 protein as immunohistochemical markers. in the cortical grey matter of this species, the overall gfap-immunoreactivity (ir) as measured by image analysis is hig ...	1994	7842498
mitochondrial abnormalities in nigral neurons of the marmoset and macaca fascicularis treated with mptp.	in a previous study we observed the processes determining the cellular death in nigral neurons of macaca fascicularis and common marmoset treated with mptp. the purpose of this study is to consider, in substantia nigra neurons of the same animals, mitochondrial abnormalities caused by neurotoxin. three macaca fascicularis and 5 common marmosets, respectively treated with 3 and 4 mg/kg of mptp dissolved in saline + 10% ethanol, were suppressed by means of an i.v. injection phenobarbital. the subs ...	1994	7831058
microvasculature of the lingual papillae in primates and insectivores--fungiform, vallate and foliate papillae.	the microvascular architecture of the fungiform, vallate and foliate papillae was investigated under scanning electron microscope in man, common squirrel monkeys, common marmosets, common tree shrews (primates), large japanese moles and dwarf shrews (insectivores) utilizing microvascular corrosion casts. the fungiform papilla of the lingual apex in man was supplied by an intrapapillary capillary network with a globular pattern. it was composed of 10-15 capillary loops in a circular arrangement a ...	1994	7830994
proliferative capacity of marmoset lymphocytes after tetanus vaccination and lack of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to reduce a booster effect.	marmosets (callithrix jacchus) were vaccinated with tetanus toxoid and boostered 3 months and 1 year following the initial immunization. during this period, the proliferative response of lymphocytes (3h-thymidine incorporation) to the recall antigen was measured in vitro in blood samples 7 times. the experimental procedure proved to be suitable to monitor a defined but complex function of the immune system, and to assess possible substance-induced alterations with minimal stress or discomfort fo ...	1995	7830504
thalidomide and the immune system. 4. down-regulation of the cd26 receptor, probably involved in the binding of hiv components to t cells in primates.	thalidomide (thd) is capable of down-regulating the cd26 receptor on cd4+ lymphocytes after treatment of healthy volunteers. similar effects are observed when marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are treated with thd. the ta1 epitope of the cd26 receptor has recently been shown to bind the hiv-1 tat trans-activating protein, and cd26 has also been suggested to be a coreceptor for the binding of the v3 loop of the gp120 hiv envelope protein. this might provide a hint for possible therapeutic interventi ...	1995	7830502
characteristics of the light-induced phase response of circadian activity rhythms in common marmosets, callithrix j. jacchus [primates-cebidae].	phase-response experiments using 1-h light pulses (lps) of 1,100 lux applied under constant dim light of 0.3 lux were conducted with common marmosets, callithrix j. jacchus, in order to obtain a complete phase-response curve established according to the common experimental procedure in a diurnal primate. maximal phase delays of the free-running circadian activity rhythm (-90 min) were induced by lps delivered at circadian time (ct) 12; e.g., during the beginning of the marmosets' rest time, maxi ...	1994	7828210
evaluation of possible effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and other congeners on lymphocyte receptors in callithrix jacchus and man.	using fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry (facscan analysis) we measured surface receptors on peripheral lymphocytes in marmosets (callithrix jacchus) treated with tcdd in the lower nanogram per kilogram range. additionally, some polybrominated congeners were studied as well as a 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxin containing chlorine and bromine in the same molecule. callithrix was found to be very sensitive to the action of tcdd and the other tetrahalogenated congeners; single ...	1994	7826660