Publications

[quantitative bacterial ecology of normal nasal mucosa].	a quantitative research into the aerobic bacteria of human nasal cavities has been carried out; 183 healthy individuals observed, negative results 18 (9.83%). streptococcus, enterococcus, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, micrococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria, were numerically determined and the incidence of each single species or genus exactly specified. among gram-negative bacteria, enterobacter, providencia, proteus, citrobacter freundii, haemophilus influenzae, kl ...	1981	7034653
influence of diluents, media, and membrane filters on detection fo injured waterborne coliform bacteria.	pure cultures of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, and citrobacter freundii were injured ( greater than 90%) in water from a dead-end section of the bozeman, montana, distribution system. the effects of the following laboratory variables on the enumeration efficiency of injured and undamaged control cells were examined: (i) diluent composition, temperature, and time of exposure; (ii) media, using various formulations employed in enumerating gram-negative bacteria; ...	1982	7034648
[analysis of bacterial septicemia in newborn infants in the last 5 years in the pediatric service of the leonardo guzmán regional hospital of antofagasta].		1981	7031790
[comparison of antibacterial activity of oral antibacterial agents against recently isolated bacteria of e. coli, klebsiella, citrobacter and proteus from clinical materials of urinary tract infection (author's transl)].		1981	7026823
evaluation of the repliscan ii system for identification of enterobacteriaceae.	in a precious report (woolfrey et al., j clin. microbiol. 13:58-61, 1981), we indicated that the repliscan system did not reliably identify enterobacteriaceae. recent improvements in the system prompted us to evaluate repliscan ii (cathra international, inc., st. paul, minn.) by using representative isolates of the population sample previously used to test the system. isolates (692) representing eight genera were identified in parallel by the repliscan ii and api 20e (analytab products, plainvie ...	1981	7026608
rapid presumptive identification of citrobacter diversus as an aid in controlling infections.	during an outbreak of neonatal meningitis caused by kanamycin-resistant citrobacter diversus, a field procedure for presumptive identification of the organism was evaluated, and using it resulted in the early recognition of patients colonized by the epidemic strain of c. diversus. rectal and nasopharyngeal specimens were plated and incubated on macconkey agar containing 10 micrograms of kanamycin per ml. after 18 h of incubation, lactose-nonfermenting colonies present on the selective medium wer ...	1981	7024304
[antigenic relations between enteropathogenic escherichia o151:k, citrobacter and hafnia].	the strains isolated from acute dysentery patients and convalescents and identified as e. coli o151:k--were studied. diagnostic errors due to inexact genus determination were revealed, and the isolated strains were found to belong to citrobacter and hafnia. the main biochemical differences allowing to differentiate e. coli o151:k--from these two genera were established. the study also showed the necessity of some tests, such as the tests for citrate assimilation in simmons' medium and sodium mal ...	1981	7023147
the murein of citrobacter o-serogroup ci23 vi+.	the isolation and analysis of the citrobacter o-serogroup ci23vi+ murein are described. the murein consists of alanine, glutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid (occurring in the molar ratio 1.5 : 1: 0.9), n-acetylmuramic acid and n-acetylglucosamine. dialysable products resulting from the digestion of the citrobacter o-serogroup ci23vi+ murein with egg white lysozyme resemble closely those obtained from the e. coli b murein.	1981	7023119
[bovine ticks and bacteria pathogenic for man in madagascar].		1980	7016058
coliform species recovered from untreated surface water and drinking water by the membrane filter, standard, and modified most-probable-number techniques.	the species of total coliform bacteria isolated from drinking water and untreated surface water by the membrane filter (mf), the standard most-probable-number (s-mpn), and modified most-probable-number (m-mpn) techniques were compared. each coliform detection technique selected for a different profile of coliform species from both types of water samples. the mf technique indicated that citrobacter freundii was the most common coliform species in water samples. however, the fermentation tube tech ...	1981	7013706
biochemical characteristics and identification of enterobacteriaceae isolated from meats.	the isolation and identification of 2,220 enterobacteriaceae from meats indicated that escherichia coli biotype i, enterobacter agglomerans, and serratia liquefaciens were the principal types to be differentiated in meats. citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and enterobacter hafniae were also commonly identified. identification of isolates by the encise ii (roche diagnostics inc., nutley, n.j.) and minitek (bbl microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.) coding system ...	1981	7013705
failure of the most-probable-number technique to detect coliforms in drinking water and raw water supplies.	a procedure was developed to detect false-negative reactions (interference) in the standard most-probable-number (s-mpn) technique for coliform enumeration of untreated surface water and potable water supplies. this modified mpn (m-mpn) procedure allowed a quantitative assessment of the interference with coliform detection in untreated surface water and potable water supplies. coliform interference was found to occur in the presumptive, confirmed, and completed tests of the s-mpn technique. when ...	1981	7013694
[propagation of enterobacteria in the human respiratory tract in chronic otorhinolaryngologic disease].		1980	7013379
the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of an aminoglycoside administered into the cerebral ventricles in neonates: implications for further evaluation of this route of therapy in meningitis.	the optimal dose, frequency, and duration of intraventricular therapy for gram-negative meningitis (gnm) have never been determined. a prospective evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of intraventricular amikacin was undertaken in neonates with gnm. after the initial intraventricular instillation of 5 mg of amikacin via a rickham reservoir, a 10-fold variation in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) concentration and a fivefold variation in half-life of the drug were noted. these variations were related ...	1981	7012246
antigenic scheme for citrobacter koseri (syn. c. diversus, levinea malonatica); three new antigens recognized in strains from israel.	an antigenic scheme for citrobacter koseri was described previously and consisted of 14 'o' antigens. three additional antigens are now added to the scheme and type strains for these antigens are designated. their origins and their biochemical and serological reactions are described.	1981	7007489
evaluation of the repliscan system for enterobacteriaceae identification.	a total of 1,013 isolates of enterobacteriaceae were identified in parallel by the repliscan (cathra international, ontario, canada) and api 20e (analytab products, plainview, n.y.) systems. there was a 62% agreement at the genus level between the two systems. of the 38% discrepant results, repliscan classified 22% as "biochemical pattern not on file," 8% as a multiple-genus group which included the api 20e identification, and 8% as a genus other than that designated by api 20e. relative to the ...	1981	7007430
accurate automated identification of selected enterobacteriaceae at four hours.	the enterobacteriaceae biochemical card of the automicrobic system vitek systems, inc., hazelwood, mo.) provides completely automated identification of members of this family within an 8-h test period. identification of 776 clinical and stock isolates to species level by the enterobacteriaceae biochemical card under routine operating conditions correlated at 96% with our present 18- to 24-h methods of identification. further, utilizing a special program, we investigated presumptive identificatio ...	1981	7007419
[rapid method for determining protein concentrations in the cells of microorganisms].	the method of lowry as modified by peterson (who had changed concentrations of reagents and added a new reagent, sodium dodecyl sulfate) has been tested. it has been shown that the modified method can be applied for rapid measurement of protein in the suspension of bacterial cells. the effect of the following compounds on the protein estimation by the modified method in bovine serum albumin has been studied: potassium chloride, potassium phosphate, sucrose, edta, tris, ammonium acetate, triton x ...	1980	7005891
[quantitative and qualitative characteristics of representatives of the enterobacteriaceae family in postradiation intestinal dysbacteriosis].	the irradiation of cba mice with gamma quanta in a dose of 700 c/kg resulted in the development of postradiation intestinal dysbacteriosis in the animals. the dysbacteriosis was characterized by a considerable increase in the number of escherichia and proteus mirabilis in the large intestine and by the insemination of the small intestine with these microbial associations. pr. vulgaris, pr. morganii, ent. aerogenes, ent. cloacae, citrobacter appeared in great numbers in the intestinal tract of th ...	1980	7004024
[identification of atypical strains of enterobacteria].		1980	7004018
regulation of hydrogenase activity in enterobacteria.	proteus vulgaris, escherichia coli, and citrobacter freundii cells were devoid of hydrogenase activity when grown on complex medium or minimal medium plus glucose in the presence of saturating levels of dissolved oxygen. anaerobically grown cells had appreciable hydrogenase activity. cells grown anaerobically in the presence of co (an inhibitor of hydrogenase) or nitrate (an electron acceptor) lacked hydrogenase activity. to make hydrogenase essential for anaerobic growth, cells were grown on fu ...	1980	7002905
cefoxitin resistance by a chromosomal cephalosporinase in escherichia coli.	cefoxitin resistance, an unique property found in clinical isolates of escherichia coli was investigated. cefoxitin resistant strains, 255 and gn206, produced cephalosporinase constitutively. the cephalosporinase was located in the periplasm, and its production was considered to be mediated by chromosomal gene(s). cephalosporinase-less mutants from both strains were susceptible to cefoxitin as well as other beta-lactam antibiotics, suggesting that the cephalosporinase was responsible for the res ...	1980	7002896
[diagnosis of fecal coliforms in dairy products by the temperature tests].	the study concerned the formation of gas and acid in broth with lactose and glucose and brilliant green at 30,37 and 44 degrees c and of indole in peptone water at 30, 37 and 44 degrees c by 842 coliform strains isolated from 386 samples of dairy products (e. coli i--496, e. coli--51, citrob. freundi--87, citrob. intermedium--46, enterobacter aerogenes--98, enterobacter cloacae -- 32 and k1. aerogenes 32). it was found that eijkman's test (formation of gas and acid from lactose in broth with bri ...	1980	7001729
collaborative investigation of the automicrobic system enterobacteriaceae biochemical card.	the enterobacteriaceae biochemical card used in six separate laboratories to identify 170 representatives of enterobacteriaceae. the automicrobic system (vitek systems, inc.) performed with an accuracy of 97.8% as compared with 98.1% by the standard method selected and 97.6% by a commerically prepared manual system approach. during this time, 5,450 clinical isolates belonging to enterobacteriaceae were analyzed. compared with the routine methods used in the various laboratories, the automicrobic ...	1980	7000819
distribution of citrate utilization plasmids in salmonella strains of bovine origin in japan.	attempts to detect transferable citrate-utilizing (cit) ability in enterobacterial strains were carried out by conjugation experiments. of 318 strains of salmonella typhimurium and 1 strain of salmonella bredeney isolated from cattle in japan from 1970 to 1979, 107 (33.5%) strains contained transferable cit characters. most of the strains transferred the cit characters to recipient escherichia coli more efficiently at 28 degrees c than at 37 degrees c, indicating that their transfer of the cit c ...	1980	6999987
[formation of iron-binding metabolites by bacteria of the enterobacteriaceae family].	the capacity of enterobacteriaceae strains cultivated in a synthetic medium for the biosynthesis of catechols and hydroxamates has been studied. among the strains under study all strains of the genera salmonella (8 strains), escherichia (102 strains), citrobacter (5 strains), enterobacter (2 strains), serratia (1 strain) synthesize catechols. in the genus shigella (128 strains) all sh. flexneri serovars (79 strains) do not synthesize catechols, other representatives of this genus synthesize iron ...	1980	6998212
[fundamental and clinical studies on cefamandole in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)].	1) tissue concentrations of cefamandole (cmd) one hour after the end of 2 g/30 approximately 60 minutes drip infusion were 7.3 approximately 13.1 microgram/g in uterus, ovary and oviduct. these concentrations were higher than mics of 70 approximately 100% of causative organisms, including staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella, proteus mirabilis, enterobacter and citrobacter, isolated from the infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. 2) cmd was administered to 14 patien ...	1980	6997530
prevalence of amber suppressor-containing coliforms in the natural environment.		1980	6995858
[microcalorimetry in the taxonomy of some groups of enterobacteriaceae].	the thermogenesis of 17 strains belonging to 12 species of the enterobacteriaceae family was measured at 30 degrees c with an ampoule microcalorimeter. it was analyzed qualitatively (aspect of profiles) and quantitatively (total heat evolved, thermogenesis duration, maximum thermal power). the value of these criteria is discussed with respect to their discriminating value in the classification of bacteria. the information obtained may concur with the identification of species; it gives ground to ...	1980	6991082
screening of bacterial isolates for mannose-specific lectin activity by agglutination of yeasts.	a total of 393 clinical bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to agglutinate yeast cells of either saccharomyces cerevisiae or candida albicans. a positive agglutination of yeasts that could be prevented by methyl alpha-d-mannoside was taken as an indication for the possible presence of a mannose-specific lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) on the surface of the tested bacteria. agglutination tests on glass slides showed that 38% of all the isolates tested were positive in their cap ...	1980	6989854
distribution of coenzyme b12-dependent diol dehydratase and glycerol dehydratase in selected genera of enterobacteriaceae and propionibacteriaceae.	the presence of diol dehydratase and glycerol dehydratase was shown in several bacteria of enterobacteriaceae grown anaerobically on 1,2-propanediol and on glycerol, respectively. diol dehydratases of enterobacteriaceae were immunologically similar, but distinct from that of propionibacterium freudenreichii.	1980	6988416
beta-lactamase inhibitory activities and synergistic effects of 5,6-cis-carbapenem antibiotics.	twelve 5,6-cis-carbapenem antibiotics were examined for their beta-lactamase inhibitory activities, their types of inhibitions, and their synergistic activities with other beta-lactam antibiotics. all the carbapenems inhibited eight types of beta-lactamases including cephalosporinases which were insensitive to clavulanic acid and sulbactam. the sulfonyloxy ethyl carbapenems were the most active inhibitors; they inhibited all beta-lactamases in a progressive fashion, whereas some of the hydroxyl ...	1982	6982889
antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of temocillin.	temocillin, a 6-alpha-methoxy penicillin, inhibited 90% of strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter, proteus, providencia, salmonella, and shigella at a concentration of less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoea were inhibited by less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. changing the medium or ph of the cultures did not alter the minimal inhibitory concentrations, which were similar in broth and human serum, as were the minimal bac ...	1982	6982681
in vitro activity of apalcillin compared with that of other new penicillins and anti-pseudomonas cephalosporins.	apalcillin, a naphthydridine derivative of ampicillin, was compared with ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial isolates and with cefsulodin and tobramycin against pseudomonas aeruginosa. the minimal concentrations of apalcillin at which 50 and 90% of hospital isolates of escherichia coli were inhibited were similar to those of mezlocillin and piperacillin (1.6 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively). apalci ...	1982	6981375
antimicrobial and beta-lactamase inhibitory activities of carpetimycins a and b, new carbapenem antibiotics.	carpetimycins a and b showed widely broad spectra and potent activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including various species of anaerobic bacteria. the antimicrobial activity of carpetimycin a was 8 to 64 times greater than that of carpetimycin b and 4 to 128 times greater than that of cefoxitin. the inhibitory concentration of carpetimycin a required to inhibit more than 90% of clinical isolates was 0.39 micrograms/ml for escherichia coli and klebsiella and 1.56 microgram/m ...	1982	6979308
purification and properties of chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii gn7391.	both a penicillinase and a cephalosporinase are present in a strain of citrobacter freundii (gn7391) resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. the penicillinase was identical to the type ia penicillinases (type iii by richmond classification), mediated by rms212 and r-tem. a cephalosporinase, typical of enterobacteriaceae chromosomal beta-lactamase (type i by richmond classification), was purified from the strain. it gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrop ...	1980	6973612
antibacterial activity of 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine in vivo and in vitro.	2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (dda) was shown not only to possess antibacterial activity in vitro against a variety of enterobacteriaceae, but also to be effective in vivo, dda was active in experimental mouse infections by the oral route against 5 salmonella strains, 2 of 3 arizona strains, 5 of 7 citrobacter strains, 3 of 8 klebsiella strains, 3 of 5 escherichia strains, 1 of 3 shigella strains, and 3 of 15 serratia strains at concentrations generally well below the toxic level. closely related compo ...	1981	6972730
laboratory evaluation of ceftizoxime, a new parenteral cephalosporin.	(6,7r)-7-[(z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazoyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-8-oxo-5-thia-1 -azabicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (ceftizoxime), a new parenteral cephalosporin, in more potently active in vitro and in vivo against various gram-negative bacilli including the opportunistic pathogens such as enterobacter, citrobacter species and serratia marcescens than cephalosporins and cephamycins recently developed. ceftizoxime is extremely stable to various types of beta-lactamases, and has a high ability ...	1980	6969078
effect of a combination of benzylpenicillin or ampicillin and dicloxacillin on peptidoglycan synthesis in a cell-free enzyme system from a beta-lactamase producing strain of citrobacter freundii.	the membrane fraction prepared from beta-lactamase producing citrobacter freundii gn346 catalyzed in vitro peptidoglycan synthesis from uridine-5'-diphosphate-n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelyl- d-alanyl-d-alanine and uridine-5'-diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine, which was accompanied by the release of alanine from the carboxyl terminal end of the former substrate. though this reaction was inhibited by benzylpenicillin (pcg) and ampicillin (abpc), the reaction was relatively i ...	1980	6967868
rhodanese activity: a simple and reliable taxonomic tool for gram-negative bacteria.	the thiosulphate: cyanide sulphurtransferase (rhodanese) test of vandenbergh, bawdon and berk (1979) has been simplified and 2469 strains from a wide variety of sources representing different biochemical, serological or phage-pattern entities were tested. the percentages of rhondanese-producing strains were: escherichia coli 98%, shigella flexneri serovars 1-5%, x and y 0%, other shigellae 73-100%, yersinia spp. 0%, salmonella subgenera i-iv 0%, citrobacter freundi 16%, klebsiella 37%, enterobac ...	1982	6958873
clinicopathological conference. neonate with jaundice and leukopenia.		1982	6955946
activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin and cephalosporins against isolates from nosocomially acquired bacteremia.	the in vitro activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin was compared with that of seven beta-lactam agents against bacteremic clinical isolates, including gentamicin-resistant, gram-negative bacilli, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococci, and enterococci. n-formimidoyl thienamycin was the most active antibiotic against all of the gram-positive cocci studied, with the exception of staphylococcus epidermidis, and the only agent active against the enterococci. n-formimidoyl thi ...	1982	6954876
cefmenoxime (sce-1365), a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin: in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities.	the activity of cefmenoxime (sce-1365), 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1h-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid, was compared with that of other cephalosporins. cefmenoxime exhibited high activity against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the in vitro activity of cefmenoxime against streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and enterobacteriaceae, including indole-positive proteus, serratia marcescens, ente ...	1981	6941742
antibacterial activities of a new stabilized thienamycin, n-formimidoyl thienamycin, in comparison with other antibiotics.	the in vitro activity of a new crystalline derivative of thienamycin, n-formimidoyl thienamycin (mk0787), was tested against 46 laboratory reference strains and 2,158 clinical isolates of gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including anaerobes, and compared with cefoxitin, cefaxolin, carbenicillin, and amikacin. mk0787 was significantly more active than the reference antibiotics against most bacteria tests. mk0787 was 16- to 500-fold more active than the other antibiotics against staphylococcu ...	1980	6931548
isolations of aerobic bacteria from wild desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis nelsoni and o. c. mexicana) in arizona.	nasal, pharyngeal, cervical and vaginal swab specimens were obtained from 74 desert bighorn sheep for the purpose of investigating the normal aerobic bacterial flora of wild sheep. a total of 281 isolates was obtained and identified by standard microbiologic tests. one hundred seven of these isolates were gram positive and included bacillus sp. (36%), staphylococcus epidermidis (8%), s. aureus (4%), corynebacterium sp. (diphtheroids, 4%), and streptococcus sp. (48%). gram negative isolates total ...	1983	6887449
[thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus. report of 3 cases].		1983	6884685
identification of strains isolated as total and fecal coliforms and comparison of both groups as indicators of fecal pollution in tropical climates.	this study was undertaken to better characterize the groups of total coliforms (tc) and fecal coliforms (fc) and to evaluate both groups as indicators of fecal contamination of drinking well water in a tropical climate (the ivory coast, west africa). isolated colonies obtained as tc or fc on membrane filters were identified using the api-20e system. from the well water samples, 58 golden-green colonies with a metallic sheen isolated on endo medium (tc) were identified as escherichia coli (55%), ...	1983	6883225
[enterococci and coliforms in yellow sheep cheese].	the developmental dynamic of enterococci and coliforms was followed up in the entire technologic process and the storage of kashkaval (yellow cheese of ewe milk) under the conditions of modern industrial production. it was found that during the whole industrial cycle up to the steam cooking of curd the amount of enterococci grew and reached its peak value in the cheddarized cheese curd (2.4--30 million per gram), increasing from 10 to 34 times as against its level in the initial milk used. the c ...	1983	6880021
head-space gas-liquid chromatography for the rapid laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections caused by enterobacteria.	urine specimens were analysed in parallel in a hospital laboratory by routine methods which were regarded as the standard of correct diagnosis and by the rapid test already developed in a research laboratory. technical modifications made to the rapid test ensured that its results agreed with those from routine methods and increased its rapidity so that a result was possible 4 h after receipt of the specimen. when 382 urine specimens were analysed by the modified test which is described in detail ...	1983	6874827
serum immune response to carriage of toxigenic fecal bacteria with and without diarrhea.	the relationship between asymptomatic fecal carriage of enterotoxigenic bacteria (etb), diarrhea and serum immune response in children has not been systematically explored. we studied 40 babies between birth and two years with weekly health histories, weekly fecal samples and serum samples every six months and with diarrhea. toxigenic bacteria and fecal toxin were identified by elisa (cholera toxin) and y-1 cell assay. serum antitoxin was identified by elisa (igg and igm) and toxin neutralizatio ...	1983	6873467
bacteriological studies of the enteric flora of patients treated with bicozamycin (cgp 3543/e) for acute nonparasitic diarrhea.	during a therapeutic trial of bicozamycin (bi) for traveler's diarrhea, aerobically grown, gram-negative bacteria, predominantly escherichia coli, were decreased by 2 to 3 logs per g of stool; the number of bi-resistant gram-negative bacteria did not increase. resistant species were most often citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, and morganella morganii, and few bi-resistant e. coli strains were isolated. cross-resistance between bi and other antimicrobial agents was not found. resistanc ...	1983	6859842
septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint due to citrobacter diversus.		1983	6842477
[characteristics of proteus, klebsiella, enterobacter and citrobacter strains isolated in urological infections].	the comparative study of more than 300 proteus, klebsiella, enterobacter and citrobacter strains isolated from patients with urological infections and parenteral infections of other localization, as well as from the feces of healthy persons has been carried out. the strains causing inflammatory processes in the urinary tract have been shown to possess no strict specificity. the ability of opportunistic enterobacteria to cause urinary tract lesions is their polydeterminant property ensured by the ...	1983	6837201
[use of antibiotic-resistant bifidobacterium in treating ulcerative-necrotic enterocolitis in young children].	ulceronecrotic colitis in premature children is accompanied by the development of pronounced intestinal dysbacteriosis characterized by a sharp increase in the number of escherichia, enterococci, staphylococci and the appearance of opportunistic enterobacteria (klebsiella, serratia, citrobacter, proteus) in large amounts. clinical convalescence was observed in 2 weeks in children receiving antibiotic-resistant bifidobacteria with antibiotics and in 3-4 weeks in children receiving commercial bifi ...	1983	6837195
studies on well water and possible health risks in katsina, nigeria.	well water was sampled from all four major wards in katsina town. all 20 samples taken showed high coliform counts. sixty-five per cent contained greater than or equal to 2400 coliforms per 100 ml while the remainder had counts ranging from 79 to 920. faecal coliforms and non-cholera vibrios were detected in all samples. there was no significant relationship between the coliform counts and the distances of latrines to wells, water table to ground level, slope relationship between wells and latri ...	1983	6833745
the in-vitro activity of o-demethylfortimicin.	the activity of o-demethylfortimicin against ampicillin, cefazolin and carbenicillin resistant bacteria was determined. o-demethylfortimicin showed excellent in-vitro activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, ent. agglomerans, ent. aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, morganella, and providencia inhibiting these organisms at less than or equal to 3.1 mg/l. it was particularly effective against ent. cloacae and serratia marcescens that were resi ...	1983	6833173
in vitro activity of new cephalosporins against multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria.	the in vitro sensitivities of 47 multi-resistant gram-negative bacilli against six third generation cephalosporins were investigated. overall, moxalactam was the most active compound and cefoperazone the least active. ceftizoxime and ceftazidime were very active against enterobacteriaceae. ceftriaxone and ceftizoxime were active against escherichia coli and klebsiella spp., but were inactive against pseudomonas spp.; achromobacter sp. was resistant to all drugs, while citrobacter freundii was se ...	1983	6832840
[bacteriological study on cefadroxil in vitro. correlation between diameter of inhibition zone and inhibitory concentration (author's transl)].	there are only slight differences between the geometrical means of minimum inhibitory concentrations of (6r,7r)-7-[(r)-2-amino-2-2(p-hydroxyphenyl)-acetamido]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (cefadroxil, bidocef) and cefalexin against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria freshly isolated from clinical material. enterococci are more susceptible to cefadroxil. considering the different break point, cefadroxil is on the whole more effective than cefalexin, i ...	1980	6821594
[rapid determination of the synergy of clavulanic acid and beta lactams by measuring the intracellular atp by bioluminescence].	twenty clinical isolates of ampicillin- and carbenicillin-resistant or susceptible (two strains) gram-negative rods, producing at least one beta-lactamase, were examined for susceptibility to a combination of ampicillin or carbenicillin with clavulanic acid (enzymatic inhibitor). synergy was evaluated by the reduction of the beta-lactam agar dilution mic and by the measurement of intracellular ayp using firefly bioluminescence. the potentiation effect of clavulanic acid was variable, depending o ...	1982	6819796
neonatal meningitis caused by citrobacter diversus: case report.		1982	6810211
antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of ceftazidime, an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin potentially active against pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ceftazidime were evaluated against 700 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. ceftazidime was less active than penicillins or older cephalosporins against staphylococcus spp. and streptococcus spp., and it did not inhibit streptococcus faecalis, listeria, or anaerobic species. ceftazidime was as active as ceftizoxime and moxalactam and more active than cefoperazone against escherichia coli. klebsiella, and proteus mirabilis with minimal in ...	1982	6805421
[effect of oxygen and substrates for growth on the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity of microorganisms].	the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase in azotobacter vinelandii, citrobacter freundii, rhodopseudomonas capsulata, thiocapsa roseopersicina and spirulina platensis is far higher when the cultures are grown under the aerobic conditions. the activities of sod and catalase are higher in r. capsulata cells cultivated in a medium with glucose in the dark under the aerobic conditions than in cells grown under the same conditions but in the light. r. capsulata grown in a medium with g ...	1982	6803110
[altered bacterial periurethral flora in young girls with chronic, recurrent urinary tract infections? (author's transl)].	assuming a local weakness in the defence system to be responsible for chronic, recurrent infection of the urinary tract in young girls, we made 86 determinations of the bacterial periurethral flora from 70 female patients aged between five and eleven years. within three patient groups (urologically healthy, temporarily free from infection, currently suffering an acute attack of chronic, recurrent urinary tract infection), we found gram-negative bacteria in 1/20 of the healthy children, in 1/2 of ...	1981	6795130
anaerobic co-oxidation of acetate and glucose by citrobacter intermedius and a species of pseudomonas.	analysis of gases evolved when citrobacter intermedius and a pseudomonas species are co-cultured on an acetate or glucose - nitrate - mineral salts medium indicates that acetate is anaerobically oxidized by co2.	1980	6786717
[particularities of certain malagasy stock bacteria].		1980	6786229
synthesis and export of colicin a and colicin e1 during inhibition of lipid synthesis.	the antibiotic cerulenin, a specific inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis was used to demonstrate that colicin a and colicin e1 can be synthesized and exported during inhibition of lipid synthesis.	1981	6785088
[in vitro antimicrobial activity of pipemidic acid on strains isolated from urine cultures of hospitalized and nonhospitalized subjects].	it has been determined the in vitro antibacterial activity of pipemidic acid on 328 bacterial stocks isolated from urine cultures and composed by e.coli, proteus, pseudomonas, citrobacter, staphylococcus aureus. the pipemidic acid has shown to have activity against the stocks of b.coli and proteus.	1980	6779836
[metabolism of dicarboxylic amino acids and their amides in microorganisms of the enteric group].		1980	6778037
[enterococcal and coliform content in white brine cheese].	the contamination with microorganisms (enterococci and coliforms) indicative of hygeinic status was studied in 98 samples of white brine cheese (33 samples of cow's milk cheese and 65 of ewe's milk cheese) prepared for sale. it was found that 22.4 per cent of the cheese samples do not contain enterococi in 0.01 g product but in 15.3 per cent their amount exceeds 100 000/g. no relationship was found between enterococci finding and cheese content of salt, titratable and active acidity. cheese cont ...	1980	6776684
[method of isolating conditionally-pathogenic gram-negative microorganisms, agents of intrahospital infections, from air].	the possibility of detecting pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria in the air of the burn department at the institute of surgery was studied. the investigation of large volumes of air (0.5-1 m3) in the wards and the corridor with the use of a new bacteriological aerosol sampler, model iiab-5, resulted in the detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa. besides, in a number of other rooms klebsiella, proteus, citrobacter and enterobacter were detected in the air. the possibility of the ...	1980	6773275
[taxonomic study of "citrobacter freundii" biochemical variants (author's transl)].	biochemical variants (ornithine-decarboxylase-positive and beta-galactosidase-negative) of citrobacter freundii were characterized using numerical taxonomy, determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) base composition and dna-dna hybridization. three clusters were detected by numerical taxonomy based on the assimilation of 146 carbohydrates. the atypical strains were dispersed into two clusters along with typical c. freundii strains. furthermore, m-hydroxybenzoate metabolism, determination of b ...	1980	6770734
antimicrobial activity of heparin.	single clinical isolates of eight species of microorganisms were incubated in solutions of heparin and brain heart infusion broth at various concentrations to determine the possible antibacterial effect of heparin. at heparin concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 400 u/ml, the effect on escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans, staphylococcus aureus, and s. epidermidis varied with brain heart infusion broth concentrations of 1.2 to 10% and inocula of 10(2) to 10(6) colony-forming ...	1980	6766462
citrobacter infections in humans: experience at the seattle veterans administration medical center and a review of the literature.	the genus citrobacter is a distinct group of human pathogens comprising three species: citrobacter freundii (biotypes a and b), citrobacter amalonaticus, and citrobacter diversus. in this review the clinical and microbiologic experience during 1972-1978 at the seattle veterans administration medical center (seattle, wash.) with 298 isolates of citrobacter is analyzed in relation to a survey of the literature. the most common sources of citrobacter isolates were urine, sputum, and soft tissue exu ...	1980	6763304
ceforanide: antibacterial activity, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy.	ceforanide is a new cephalosporin with a longer elimination half-life than any currently available cephalosporin. its activity is very similar to that of cefamandole, a second-generation cephalosporin, except that ceforanide is less active against most gram-positive organisms. many coliforms, including escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, and proteus, are susceptible to ceforanide, as are most strains of salmonella, shigella, hemophilus, citrobacter and arizona species. however, most stra ...	1982	6762529
comparison of three methods for identification of enterobacteriaceae.	this study compares the ability of three commercial overnight methods, api 20e, minitek and enteric-tek, to accurately and completely identify 368 clinically isolated enterobacteriaceae without supplemental tests. organisms included escherichia coli (54 strains), shigella spp. (7), edwardsiella tarda (1), salmonella enteritidis (10), citrobacter spp. (30), klebsiella spp. (55), enterobacter spp. (68), hafnia alvei (2), serratia spp. (33), proteus spp. (64), morganella morganii (24), providencia ...	1982	6756905
thin layer iso-electro focusing of intracellular bacterial protein in classification of some representatives of the families enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae.	intracellular bacterial protein from some representatives of the families enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae has been investigated using thin layer iso-electric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. a marked difference between the protein patterns was observed between species within the same family. carrying out the iso-electric focusing at ph range 3.5-9 gave a large number of protein bands. increased resolution of the protein bands was obtained using iso-electric focusing at the ph range 4-6.5. car ...	1982	6756032
occurrence of bacterial pollution indicators in boulti (tilapia nilotica linn.) fish.	a study was made for the occurrence of coliform and streptococcal groups on the skin surface (32 samples), gills (32 samples), intestinal tract (4 samples) and raw fish flesh (4 samples) and raw fish flesh (4 samples) of boulti fish (tilapia nilotica linn.), a fresh water fish caught from nasser's lake in aswan. streptococcus group was detected in 13 samples taken from fish surface, 12 samples out of 32 swabs from gills. all intestine samples and raw fish flesh were positive for the streptococcu ...	1982	6755931
characterization of indicator bacteria in municipal raw water, drinking water, and new main water samples.	municipal water samples were analyzed by membrane filter (mf) and presence-absence (p-a) tests for pollution indicator bacteria. in four years, 11 514 bacterial cultures were isolated from either raw water, drinking water, or new main water samples submitted to three environmental laboratories. the bacterial species occurring most often in all types of water samples were escherichia coli (11.6-39.7%), enterobacter aerogenes (18.1-26.3%), aeromonas hydrophila (8.8-17.0%), klebsiella pneumoniae (7 ...	1982	6754044
direct comparison of two mechanized systems for identification of gram-negative bacilli. autobac id system versus the auto microbic system (with ebc plus).	the auto microbic system (ams) is an almost completely automated system, capable of identifying enterobacteriaceae after 8 hours, and some glucose nonfermenters after 13 hours of incubation. the autobac id system is a mechanized, computer-assisted system capable of identifying enterobacteriaceae and many nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli within 3-6 hours. the present report combines the results of two independent studies, both of which evaluated the ams and the autobac id system compared wit ...	1982	6753560
characterization of eight beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria.	eight kinds of beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria were characterized by the following properties: molecular weight, isoelectric point, ph optimum, molecular activity, immunochemical reactivity, and kinetic parameters with respect to twelve kinds of common beta-lactam antibiotics. these beta-lactamases included two types of penicillinases mediated by r plasmids and six kinds of species-specific cephalosporinases. to determine a reliable value of the kinetic parameter, km, we intro ...	1982	6752115
reliability of early identifications obtained with enterobacteriaceae-plus biochemical cards in the automicrobic system.	the automicrobic system (ams) is capable of identifying most enterobacteriaceae within 8 h and many glucose-nonfermenting, gram-negative bacilli after 13 h of incubation. early preliminary results can be readily obtained from the computer as the tests incubate. data with 1,023 bacterial isolates were reviewed to determine the relative accuracy of 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, and 13-h identifications. all automicrobic system identifications with probability (p) values of less than 0.80 were considered equivo ...	1982	6749890
evolutionary divergence of the citrobacter freundii tryptophan operon regulatory region: comparison with other enteric bacteria.	the regulatory region of the trp operon of citrobacter freundii was sequenced and compared with the corresponding regions of other enteric bacteria. significant differences were noted in the promoter region. these differences are presumably responsible for the weak expression of the cloned trp operon in escherichia coli. the presumed operator region, although nonfunctional in e. coli, has dyad symmetry, but the sequence of the symmetrical region differs appreciably from those of operators that c ...	1982	6749821
citrobacter diversus osteomyelitis. a case report.		1984	6747194
[rapid method for the simultaneous determination of bacterial urease and phenylalanine desaminase].	tested was an accelerated method for the evaluation of urease and phenylalanine desaminase of a total of 327 strains of e. coli, s. typhimurium, s. enteritidis, s. braenderup, s. tennessee, p. vulgaris, p. mirabilis, yersinia enterocolitica, and citrobacter that were subjected to a preliminary identification with routine methods. it was established that the method tested had the following advantages as compared to the classical methods employed up to then in the laboratory practice: --100% posit ...	1984	6740921
amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate: an antibiotic combination. mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, antimicrobial spectrum, clinical efficacy and adverse effects.	the combination of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate will soon be marketed in 2:1 and 4:1 fixed ratio dosage forms. in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that clavulanic acid, a potent inhibitor of many bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes, will increase the spectrum of amoxicillin to include, at achievable serum concentrations, haemophilus influenzae, h. ducreyi, neisseria gonorrhoeae, staphylococcus aureus and branhamella catarralis and, at achievable urine levels, many beta-lactamase-produci ...	1984	6739312
citrobacter abscess of the foot. a case report.		1984	6725840
intra-abdominal citrobacter infections: association with biliary or upper gastrointestinal source.	the clinical records of 46 patients with intra-abdominal and/or bacteremic infections caused by citrobacter organisms were reviewed to determine whether the isolation of citrobacter organisms from these sites could be used to determine its portal of entry. the isolation of citrobacter organisms from intra-abdominal or pleural fluid cultures was associated with a biliary tract or upper gastrointestinal source in 36 of 41 patients. the biliary tract or small bowel was likewise the portal of entry ...	1984	6710335
cadmium accumulation by a citrobacter sp.	cadmium accumulation by a citrobacter sp. growing in the presence of the metal occurred as a sharp peak during the mid-exponential phase of growth, but cultures showed considerable inhibition of growth compared to cadmium-free controls. this problem was overcome by pregrowing the cells in cadmium-free medium and subsequently exposing them to the metal in the resting state, under which conditions higher concentrations of cadmium were tolerated and metal uptake was enhanced. this ability was retai ...	1984	6707610
[isolation and properties of tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter intermedius].	a method for preparation of homogeneous tyrosine phenol lyase (ec 4.199.2) from citrobacter intermedius has been developed. the cells were cultivated in the media with a view to obtain a cell culture with a high activity of tyrosine phenol lyase. the isoelectric point for the enzyme lies at ph 4.9. tyrosine phenol lyase is strictly stereospecific: it catalyzes the formation of pyruvate only from l-tyrosine, but not from d-tyrosine. kinetic studies showed that k+ and nh4+ cations are non-competit ...	1984	6704450
[immobilization of citrobacter freundii cells with tyrosine phenol-lyase activity by entrapment in natural gels].	a comparative study on immobilization of citrobacter freundii cells by entrapment in carrageenan, agar, agar-agar, and gelatin gels (5, 10, and 15%) was carried out. gelatin gels were treated with glutaraldehyde to make them more rigid. as a result, the tyrosine phenol-lyase activity of these samples was less than that of free cells (about 40%). the yield of tp-lyase activity was 40--60% when cells were immobilized in 5% and 7% agar and agar-agar gels. the cells entrapped in carrageenan gels, th ...	1984	6701163
antibacterial activity of aztreonam: a synthetic monobactam. a comparative study with thirteen other antibiotics.	the in vitro activity of aztreoman (sq 26, 776), a new monocyclic beta-lactam antimicrobial agent, was determined against 1720 bacteria, all clinical isolates, and compared with that of thirteen beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. aztreonam inhibited 90% of citrobacter diversus, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter agglomerans, e. coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, proteus morganii, proteus rettgeri, proteus vulgaris and salmonella sp. by less than or equal to 0.4 micrograms m ...	1983	6684718
comparative in vitro activity of ticarcillin, piperacillin, azlocillin and mezlocillin.	the in vitro activity of ticarcillin, piperacillin, azlocillin and mezlocillin was determined against 403 clinical isolates. at mic50, piperacillin was 2 to 8 times more active than the other three compounds against pseudomonas, escherichia coli, proteus, citrobacter, acinetobacter and salmonella species. against klebsiella, enterobacter, haemophilus, bacteroides spp. and non-beta-lactamase producing staphylococcus aureus the activity of piperacillin was similar to one or more of the most effect ...	1983	6653135
[2 cases of osteomyelitis in acute leukemia in the induction phase of treatment].	whereas children with acute leukemia are highly susceptible to infectious complications, the occurrence of acute osteomyelitis is extremely rare in these patients. the authors describe two such cases in children at onset of an acute lymphoblastic and of a myelomonocytic leukemia, respectively. in the former case, the clinical course has been characterized by the progressive involvement of several joints and bones. a citrobacter freundii was isolated in the synovial fluid of an involved knee. thi ...	1983	6647082
citrobacter meningitis.		1983	6644052
panophthalmitis and otitis interna in fire-bellied toads.	microbiologic and histologic studies were made of fire-bellied toads with signs of ocular and central nervous system disease. providencia alcalifaciens, citrobacter freundii, aeromonas hydrophila, and other gram-negative bacilli were isolated from the eyes and multiple tissues of ill toads. the histologic evaluations revealed severe panophthalmitis and otitis interna.	1983	6643232
leads from the mmwr. gastrointestinal illness associated with brie cheese.		1983	6632135
in vitro evaluation of augmentin by broth microdilution and disk diffusion susceptibility testing: regression analysis, tentative interpretive criteria, and quality control limits.	augmentin (beecham laboratories, bristol, tenn.), a combination drug consisting of two parts amoxicillin to one part clavulanic acid and a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor, was evaluated in vitro in comparison with ampicillin or amoxicillin or both for its inhibitory and bactericidal activities against selected clinical isolates. regression analysis was performed and tentative disk diffusion susceptibility breakpoints were determined. a multicenter performance study of the disk diffusion test was ...	1983	6625554
a new site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease from citrobacter freundii.	cfr10 i, a site-specific endonuclease from citrobacter freundii strain rfl10, was isolated. it recognizes and cleaves the family of related sequences: 5'pu decreases ccggpy to generate dna fragments with 5' tetranucleotide extensions. cfr10 i may be useful in molecular cloning experiments, especially in conjunction with other enzymes which generate the same terminal extensions.	1983	6617873
influence of spontaneous and inducible beta-lactamase production on the antimicrobial activity of recently developed beta-lactam compounds.	the activity of 9 recently developed beta-lactam compounds was evaluated in 185 ampicillin-resistant isolates of enterobacteriaceae. moreover, in all strains, spontaneous and inducible beta-lactamase production was quantified and correlated with the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of each compound. in most species, no correlation could be observed between spontaneously produced beta-lactamase and the mics, with the only exceptions of serratia spp. and morganella morganii isolates for meth ...	1984	6610539
development of resistance to cephalosporins in clinical strains of citrobacter spp.	the predominant beta-lactam antibiogram of citrobacter freundii resembles that of enterobacter cloacae in demonstrating resistance to cephalothin and cefoxitin with susceptibility to the newer cephalosporins. four representative strains of c. freundii were reversibly induced to high-level beta-lactamase production by cefoxitin, and mutants with stable, high-level production were selected with cefamandole. the mutants were resistant to several second- and third-generation cephalosporins. comparis ...	1984	6610388