Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| performance of rapid influenza testing in hospitalized children. | influenza infection is associated with high hospitalization rates among young children. rapid diagnosis of influenza infection is particularly useful in order to prevent nosocomial infection and allows for the timely initiation of antiviral treatment. we evaluated the performance of a rapid influenza test in hospitalized children during the influenza season. all children (aged 6 months to 14 years) hospitalized with fever and/or respiratory symptoms, admitted during the 2005 influenza season, pa ... | 2010 | 20349200 |
| a new antigenic variant of human influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated from airport and community surveillance in taiwan in early 2009. | a new variant of influenza a h3n2 virus emerged in january 2009 and became the dominant strain in taiwan in april 2009. the variant was also detected in imported cases from various regions, including east and southeast asia and north america, indicating that it has circulated globally. compared to the 2009-2010 vaccine strain, a/brisbane/10/2007, the hemagglutinin gene of this variant exhibited five substitutions, e62k, n144k, k158n, k173q and n189k, which are located in the antigenic sites e, a ... | 2010 | 20347893 |
| mammalian expression of virus-like particles for advanced mimicry of authentic influenza virus. | influenza a viruses are major human and animal pathogens with huge economic and societal impact from illness, hospitalizations, and deaths. virus-like particles (vlps) of influenza virus have been suggested as a vaccine candidate offering improved safety and efficacy. to develop this concept further, we established a flexible platform to efficiently generate different subtypes of mammalian-expressed influenza vlps. here we demonstrate that these mammalian vlps strongly resemble the authentic vir ... | 2010 | 20339535 |
| induction of cross-reactive antibodies against mimotopes of h5n1 hemagglutinin. | a sub-library based on peptide mimic 125 was designed and constructed, and 18 phagotopes specifically binding 8h5mab were isolated. antisera against three phagotopes, containing peptide 12mh-1, 12mh-5 and 12mh-8 reacted with 3 different h5n1 virus strains, but not with 2 h1n1 and 2 h3n2 viruses by dot blots. the affinity of 12mh-8 was approximately eight times more than 12mh-1 or 12mh-5 or parent peptide 125. furthermore, synthesized 12mh-1 and 12mh-8 could block the 8h5mab binding with 4 h5n1 v ... | 2010 | 20338700 |
| vaccination with whole inactivated virus vaccine affects the induction of heterosubtypic immunity against influenza virus a/h5n1 and immunodominance of virus-specific cd8+ t-cell responses in mice. | it was recently shown that the use of an experimental subunit vaccine protected mice against infection with a human a/h3n2 influenza virus, but consequently affected the induction of heterosubtypic immunity to a highly pathogenic a/h5n1 influenza virus, which was otherwise induced by the a/h3n2 infection. as whole inactivated virus (wiv) vaccines are widely used to protect against seasonal influenza and also contain inner viral proteins such as the nucleoprotein (np), the potential of a wiv vacc ... | 2010 | 20335492 |
| a two-tiered model for simulating the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of rapidly evolving viruses, with an application to influenza. | understanding the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of rapidly evolving pathogens is one of the most challenging problems facing disease ecologists today. to date, many mathematical and individual-based models have provided key insights into the factors that may regulate these dynamics. however, in many of these models, abstractions have been made to the simulated sequences that limit an effective interface with empirical data. this is especially the case for rapidly evolving viruses in ... | 2010 | 20335193 |
| treatment of severe cases of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza: review of antivirals and adjuvant therapy. | three worldwide influenza pandemics were reported in the 20th century: in 1918, 1957 and 1968. all three pandemics were caused by different sub-types of influenza a viruses: h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2 respectively. in early march 2009, the first cases of influenza -like illness (ili) were reported from mexico. this strain was identified as influenza a/ h1n1 strain. pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza most commonly causes a self-limited illness, however, significant morbidity and mortality were reported in t ... | 2010 | 20334616 |
| comparison of egg and high yielding mdck cell-derived live attenuated influenza virus for commercial production of trivalent influenza vaccine: in vitro cell susceptibility and influenza virus replication kinetics in permissive and semi-permissive cells. | currently medimmune manufactures cold-adapted (ca) live, attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) from specific-pathogen free (spf) chicken eggs. difficulties in production scale-up and potential exposure of chicken flocks to avian influenza viruses especially in the event of a pandemic influenza outbreak have prompted evaluation and development of alternative non-egg based influenza vaccine manufacturing technologies. as part of medimmune's effort to develop the live attenuated influenza vaccine (la ... | 2010 | 20307595 |
| comparison of the pathology caused by h1n1, h5n1, and h3n2 influenza viruses. | the spectrum of morbidity and mortality of h1n1, h5n1, and h3n2 influenza a viruses relates to the pathology they produce. in this review, we describe and compare the pathology of these viruses in human cases and animal models. the 1918 h1n1, the novel 2009 h1n1 pandemic virus, and h5n1 show inflammation, congestion, and epithelial necrosis of the larger airways (trachea, bronchi and bronchioles) with extension into the alveoli causing diffuse alveolar damage. seasonal influenza a viruses (h3n2 ... | 2010 | 20304252 |
| molecular evolution of human h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus in thailand, 2006-2009. | annual seasonal influenza outbreaks are associated with high morbidity and mortality. | 2010 | 20300536 |
| unseasonal transmission of h3n2 influenza a virus during the swine-origin h1n1 pandemic. | the initial wave of swine-origin influenza a virus (pandemic h1n1/09) in the united states during the spring and summer of 2009 also resulted in an increased vigilance and sampling of seasonal influenza viruses (h1n1 and h3n2), even though they are normally characterized by very low incidence outside of the winter months. to explore the nature of virus evolution during this influenza "off-season," we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of h1n1 and h3n2 sequences sampled during april to june 2009 i ... | 2010 | 20237080 |
| a 75-year-old woman with seasonal influenza a (h3n2) virus infection and diarrhea. | 2010 | 20233671 | |
| assessing the burden of paediatric influenza in europe: the european paediatric influenza analysis (epia) project. | the european paediatric influenza analysis (epia) project is a multi-country project that was created to collect, analyse and present data regarding the paediatric influenza burden in european countries, with the purpose of providing the necessary information to make evidence-based decisions regarding influenza immunisation recommendations for children. the initial approach taken is based on existing weekly virological and age-specific influenza-like illness (ili) data from surveillance networks ... | 2010 | 20229049 |
| circulation of human influenza viruses and emergence of oseltamivir-resistant a(h1n1) viruses in cameroon, central africa. | while influenza surveillance has increased in most developing countries in the last few years, little influenza surveillance has been carried out in sub-saharan africa and no information is available in central africa. the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of influenza viruses circulating in yaounde, cameroon and determine their antigenic and genetic characteristics. | 2010 | 20205961 |
| immunogenicity of trivalent influenza vaccine in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during maintenance therapy. | the aim of this study was to assess the immune response of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) to influenza vaccine and to compare it with healthy controls. | 2010 | 20205258 |
| broadly protective monoclonal antibodies against h3 influenza viruses following sequential immunization with different hemagglutinins. | as targets of adaptive immunity, influenza viruses are characterized by the fluidity with which they respond to the selective pressure applied by neutralizing antibodies. this mutability of structural determinants of protective immunity is the obstacle in developing universal influenza vaccines. towards the development of such vaccines and other immune therapies, our studies are designed to identify regions of influenza viruses that are conserved and that mediate virus neutralization. we have sp ... | 2010 | 20195520 |
| detection of e119v and e119i mutations in influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated from an immunocompromised patient: challenges in diagnosis of oseltamivir resistance. | the clinical use of the neuraminidase inhibitor (nai) oseltamivir is associated with the emergence of drug resistance resulting from subtype-specific neuraminidase (na) mutations. the influenza a/texas/12/2007 (h3n2) virus isolated from an oseltamivir-treated immunocompromised patient exhibited reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir in the chemiluminescent neuraminidase inhibition (ni) assay (approximately 60-fold increase in its 50% inhibitory concentration [ic(50)] compared to that for a contro ... | 2010 | 20194700 |
| rapid generation of a well-matched vaccine seed from a modern influenza a virus primary isolate without recourse to eggs. | most influenza vaccines are produced in chicken eggs but recent human influenza strains often do not grow well in this substrate. the per.c6 cell line is an alternative platform for vaccine production. here we demonstrate that per.c6 cells faithfully propagate recent clinical isolates, without selecting for mutations in the ha gene. per.c6 cells support the rescue of recombinant influenza viruses from cdna. we used sequence data from a surveillance programme to generate a pr8-based seed virus wi ... | 2010 | 20188682 |
| alternative live-attenuated influenza vaccines based on modifications in the polymerase genes protect against epidemic and pandemic flu. | human influenza is a seasonal disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. influenza vaccination is the most effective means for disease prevention. we have previously shown that mutations in the pb1 and pb2 genes of the live-attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) from the cold-adapted (ca) influenza virus a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) could be transferred to avian influenza viruses and produce partially attenuated viruses. we also demonstrated that avian influenza viruses carrying the pb ... | 2010 | 20181702 |
| novel inhibitors of influenza virus fusion: structure-activity relationship and interaction with the viral hemagglutinin. | a new class of n-(1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-4-yl)carboxamide inhibitors of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha)-mediated membrane fusion that has a narrow and defined structure-activity relationship was identified. in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells infected with different strains of human influenza virus a/h3n2, the lead compound, 4c, displayed a 50% effective concentration of 3 to 23 mum and an antiviral selectivity index of 10. no activity was observed for a/h1n1, a/h5n1, a/h7n2, and b ... | 2010 | 20181685 |
| triple combination of amantadine, ribavirin, and oseltamivir is highly active and synergistic against drug resistant influenza virus strains in vitro. | the rapid emergence and subsequent spread of the novel 2009 influenza a/h1n1 virus (2009 h1n1) has prompted the world health organization to declare the first pandemic of the 21st century, highlighting the threat of influenza to public health and healthcare systems. widespread resistance to both classes of influenza antivirals (adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors) occurs in both pandemic and seasonal viruses, rendering these drugs to be of marginal utility in the treatment modality. worldwi ... | 2010 | 20179772 |
| reassortment between avian h5n1 and human h3n2 influenza viruses creates hybrid viruses with substantial virulence. | the spread of avian h5n1 influenza viruses around the globe has become a worldwide public health concern. to evaluate the pathogenic potential of reassortant viruses between currently cocirculating avian h5n1 and human h3n2 influenza viruses, we generated all the 254 combinations of reassortant viruses between a/chicken/south kalimantan/ut6028/06 (sk06, h5n1) and a/tokyo/ut-sk-1/07 (tok07, h3n2) influenza viruses by reverse genetics. we found that the presence of tok07 pb2 protein in the ribonuc ... | 2010 | 20176961 |
| diet-induced obesity impairs the t cell memory response to influenza virus infection. | the centers for disease control and prevention has suggested that obesity may be an independent risk factor for increased severity of illness from the h1n1 pandemic strain. memory t cells generated during primary influenza infection target internal proteins common among influenza viruses, making them effective against encounters with heterologous strains. in male, diet-induced obese c57bl/6 mice, a secondary h1n1 influenza challenge following a primary h3n2 infection led to a 25% mortality rate ... | 2010 | 20173021 |
| sialidase-based anti-influenza virus therapy protects against secondary pneumococcal infection. | das181 (fludase) is a sialidase fusion protein in clinical development as a broad-spectrum anti-influenza virus (ifv) therapeutic agent. previous reports by other investigators have raised the concern that desialylation of airway epithelium might increase susceptibility to streptococcus pneumoniae infection. | 2010 | 20170378 |
| a novel electrochemical device to differentiate pandemic (h1n1) 2009 from seasonal influenza. | one of the challenges of the recent pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza outbreak was to differentiate the virus from seasonal influenza when confronting clinical cases. the determination of the virus has implications on treatment choice, and obvious epidemiologic significance. | 2010 | 20167047 |
| fatal case of reye's syndrome associated with h3n2 influenza virus infection and salicylate intake in a 12-year-old patient. | we describe a fatal case of reye's syndrome in a 12-year-old male patient during an influenza a (h3n2) infection for which he received salicylates. in the current situation of the novel a/h1n1 virus pandemic, we believe that it is of high importance to emphasize the risks associated with salicylate intake to avoid the reappearance of reye's syndrome. | 2011 | 20167009 |
| development and comparison of molecular assays for the rapid detection of the pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 virus. | human infection with the novel pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus was first identified in april 2009. two months later, the world health organization (who) had raised the pandemic level to phase 6. rapid case identification is essential for prompt patient management and public health actions. this study developed real-time and conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr and crt-pcr) assays for pandemic h1n1 detection, and compared their sensitivities with protocols devel ... | 2010 | 20166184 |
| [design and construction of the platform for comparative genomics]. | to design a versatile genome comparison and visualization platform based on browser/server mode supported by a local server. | 2010 | 20159684 |
| highly conserved sequences for human neutralization epitope on hemagglutinin of influenza a viruses h3n2, h1n1 and h5n1: implication for human monoclonal antibody recognition. | the epitope sequences within the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza a virus h3n2 at amino acid residues 173-181 and 227-239 that forms anti-parallel beta-sheet structure are similarly recognized by human monoclonal antibodies (humabs), b-1 and d-1 that we recently obtained using the peripheral blood lymphocytes from two influenza-vaccinated volunteers. both humabs showed strong global neutralization of h3n2 strains. here we show the significant conservation of the beta-sheet region consisting of th ... | 2010 | 20152806 |
| public hospital-based laboratory experience during an outbreak of pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus infections. | the experience of a public hospital virology laboratory during a springtime 2009 outbreak of a novel influenza a (h1n1) virus in new york state is described. influenza virus was isolated from 145 of 613 respiratory swab specimens. symptoms of fever (temperature, 102.7 +/- 0.32 degrees f), cough, upper respiratory infection, myalgia, and headache were reported. atypical symptoms of nausea/vomiting and diarrhea were also observed. illness occurred mainly in patients <or=21 years of age (85/145 pat ... | 2010 | 20147645 |
| effect of inactivation method on the cross-protective immunity induced by whole 'killed' influenza a viruses and commercial vaccine preparations. | we have recently shown that intranasal (i.n.) administration of gamma-irradiated a/pr/8 [a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1)] protects mice against lethal avian influenza a/vietnam/1203/2004 (h5n1) and other heterosubtypic influenza a infections. here, we used gamma-irradiated, formalin- and uv-inactivated a/pc [a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2)] virus preparations and compared their ability to induce both homologous and heterosubtypic protective immunity. our data show that, in contrast to i.n. vaccination wit ... | 2010 | 20147516 |
| influenza viruses differ in ability to infect macrophages and to induce a local inflammatory response following intraperitoneal injection of mice. | strains of influenza a virus show marked differences in their ability to infect murine macrophages (mphi) such that strain a/pr/8/34 (pr8; h1n1) infects mphi poorly while strain bjx109 (h3n2) infects mphi to high levels. given the central role of mphi in initiating and regulating inflammatory responses, we hypothesized that virus strains that infect mphi poorly may also be poor at initiating inflammatory responses. studies to compare the inflammatory response of mice after intranasal inoculation ... | 2010 | 20142836 |
| single assay for simultaneous detection and differential identification of human and avian influenza virus types, subtypes, and emergent variants. | for more than four decades the cause of most type a influenza virus infections of humans has been attributed to only two viral subtypes, a/h1n1 or a/h3n2. in contrast, avian and other vertebrate species are a reservoir of type a influenza virus genome diversity, hosting strains representing at least 120 of 144 combinations of 16 viral hemagglutinin and 9 viral neuraminidase subtypes. viral genome segment reassortments and mutations emerging within this reservoir may spawn new influenza virus str ... | 2010 | 20140251 |
| replication, pathogenesis and transmission of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus in non-immune pigs. | the declaration of the human influenza a pandemic (h1n1) 2009 (h1n1/09) raised important questions, including origin and host range [1], [2]. two of the three pandemics in the last century resulted in the spread of virus to pigs (h1n1, 1918; h3n2, 1968) with subsequent independent establishment and evolution within swine worldwide [3]. a key public and veterinary health consideration in the context of the evolving pandemic is whether the h1n1/09 virus could become established in pig populations ... | 2010 | 20140096 |
| [epidemiological and molecular characterization of seasonal influenza a/h3n2 viruses circulating in shenzhen, 2005 - 2007]. | to determine the epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza in shenzhen from 2005 to 2007 and the molecular variation of ha1 domain of influenza h3n2 viruses. | 2009 | 20137464 |
| production of h5n1 (nibrg-14) inactivated whole virus and split virion influenza vaccines and analysis of immunogenicity in mice using different adjuvant formulations. | consecutive lots of h5n1 (a/vietnam/1194/2004 - nibrg-14) split virion and whole virus vaccines were produced in a pilot-scale laboratory. the average yields of vaccine doses (15 microg ha) per egg were 0.57 doses for h5n1 split virion vaccine and 1.12 for h5n1 whole virus vaccine, compared to 2.09 doses for the seasonal h3n2 split virion vaccine. h5n1 split virion vaccine lots complied with who protein content criteria, while some lots of the h5n1 whole virus vaccine showed protein content per ... | 2010 | 20123051 |
| serological response to influenza vaccine after hematopoetic stem cell transplantation. | vaccination is the best strategy to prevent influenza infection that is a potential cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. here, we evaluated the factors that may affect serological response to influenza vaccine in patients who have undergone hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (hsct). sixty-one hsct recipients were included in the study during the 2007-2008 influenza season. serum samples prior to vaccination and 6-10 weeks after vaccination were collected. samples we ... | 2010 | 20119669 |
| influenza surveillance in a cohort of hiv-infected children and adolescents immunized against seasonal influenza. | during the 2006-2007 season, 19 hiv-uninfected and 33 hiv-infected children and adolescents with full immunovirologic response to haart were immunized against influenza and subsequently followed up. one month post-immunization all subjects had protective antibodies titres which persisted for the whole influenza season. seven vaccinees (four hiv-infected and three hiv-uninfected) were found to be infected by influenza viruses during the epidemic, but disease was lab-confirmed only in two hiv-infe ... | 2010 | 20105427 |
| [an analysis on genetic characterization of ha1 gene of influenza virus subtype h3n2 circulated from 2001 to 2006 in liaoning local area]. | to understand the ha1 genetic variation characterization of influenza virus subtype h3n2 circulated from 2001 to 2006 in liaoning local area. | 2009 | 20104769 |
| [etiology monitoring of influenza virus and variation in hemagglutinin genes of h13 subtype in wuxi area]. | to monitor the seasonal distribution of influenza types and subtypes in wuxi area during 2005-2008, and to investigate the variation in hemagglutinin (ha) genes of a/h3n2 strains in 2008. | 2009 | 20104768 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of human influenza a viruses in three consecutive seasons with different epidemiological profiles. | influenza activity and influenza virus circulation were observed in lombardy (northern italy) during three consecutive seasons and the molecular characteristics of circulating viruses analysed to control for introduction of new variants. | 2009 | 20099442 |
| synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of dihydrofuran-fused perhydrophenanthrenes with a benzyloxy-type side-chain. | as one of our ongoing research project concerning development of a novel anti-influenza virus agent, dihydrofuran-fused perhydrophenanthrenes were derivatized by means of williamson ether synthesis and suzuki-miyaura cross coupling reactions. newly synthesized compounds were subjected to evaluation of anti-influenza virus activity using influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2 subtype) virus strain by a plaque titration method. these investigations revealed that incorporation of benzyl-type ether substituen ... | 2010 | 20097080 |
| detection of anti-influenza a nucleoprotein antibodies in pigs using a commercial influenza epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed for avian species. | influenza virus causes acute respiratory disease in pigs and is of concern for its potential public health significance. many subtypes of influenza virus have been isolated from pigs, and the virus continues to evolve in swine populations. current antibody assays have limited antigenic recognition, and accurate, broad-spectrum, high through-put screening tests are needed to detect infections in swine herds and to aid in the implementation of control measures. in the current study, a commercial b ... | 2010 | 20093676 |
| generation and characterization of a cold-adapted attenuated live h3n2 subtype influenza virus vaccine candidate. | h3n2 subtype influenza a viruses have been identified in humans worldwide, raising concerns about their pandemic potential and prompting the development of candidate vaccines to protect humans against this subtype of influenza a virus. the aim of this study was to establish a system for rescuing of a cold-adapted high-yielding h3n2 subtype human influenza virus by reverse genetics. | 2009 | 20092795 |
| anti-influenza drug discovery: structure-activity relationship and mechanistic insight into novel angelicin derivatives. | by using a cell-based high throughput screening campaign, a novel angelicin derivative 6a was identified to inhibit influenza a (h1n1) virus induced cytopathic effect in madin-darby canine kidney cell culture in low micromolar range. detailed structure-activity relationship studies of 6a revealed that the angelicin scaffold is essential for activity in pharmacophore b, while meta-substituted phenyl/2-thiophene rings are optimal in pharmacophore a and c. the optimized lead 4-methyl-9-phenyl-8-(th ... | 2010 | 20092255 |
| conservation and diversity of influenza a h1n1 hla-restricted t cell epitope candidates for epitope-based vaccines. | the immune-related evolution of influenza viruses is exceedingly complex and current vaccines against influenza must be reformulated for each influenza season because of the high degree of antigenic drift among circulating influenza strains. delay in vaccine production is a serious problem in responding to a pandemic situation, such as that of the current h1n1 strain. immune escape is generally attributed to reduced antibody recognition of the viral hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins whose ... | 2010 | 20090904 |
| influenza virus inactivation for studies of antigenicity and phenotypic neuraminidase inhibitor resistance profiling. | introduction of a new influenza virus in humans urges quick analysis of its virological and immunological characteristics to determine the impact on public health and to develop protective measures for the human population. at present, however, the necessity of executing pandemic influenza virus research under biosafety level 3 (bsl-3) high-containment conditions severely hampers timely characterization of such viruses. we tested heat, formalin, triton x-100, and beta-propiolactone treatments fo ... | 2010 | 20089763 |
| a new panel of ns1 antibodies for easy detection and titration of influenza a virus. | the non-structural protein ns1 of the influenza a virus is a good target for the development of diagnostic assays. in this study, three ns1 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated by using recombinant ns1 protein of h5n1 virus and found to bind both the native and denatured forms of ns1. two of the mabs, 6a4 and 2h6, bind ns1 of three different strains of influenza a virus, namely h1n1, h3n2, and h5n1. epitope mapping revealed that residues 42-53 of h5n1 ns1 are essential for the interaction ... | 2010 | 20087939 |
| [analysis on surveillance of influenza in tianshui prefecture from 2005 to 2008]. | to observe epidemic status and the types of the influenza virus, to analyse influenza epidemic trends in tianshui city, and to provide basis for influenza prevention and control. | 2009 | 20084889 |
| [evaluation on the safety and immunogenicity of split influenza virus vaccine]. | to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of split influenza virus vaccine made in changchun institute of biological products. | 2009 | 20084888 |
| antiviral drug profile of seasonal influenza viruses circulating in portugal from 2004/2005 to 2008/2009 winter seasons. | a research project on antiviral drug resistance of influenza viruses circulating in portugal has been carried out since 2007. here, the first results obtained regarding the evaluation of susceptibility to amantadine and oseltamivir are presented. information about antiviral prescription and exposure was available through the national influenza surveillance programme. amantadine susceptibility was evaluated by pyrosequencing for known resistance markers on 178 influenza a strains from 2004/2005 t ... | 2010 | 20083142 |
| viral agents responsible for febrile respiratory illnesses among military recruits training in tropical singapore. | military personnel are highly susceptible to febrile respiratory illnesses (fri), likely due to crowding, stress and other risk factors present in the military environment. | 2010 | 20079688 |
| maternal influenza infection during pregnancy impacts postnatal brain development in the rhesus monkey. | maternal infection with influenza and other pathogens during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk for schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders. in rodent studies, maternal inflammatory responses to influenza affect fetal brain development. however, to verify the relevance of these findings to humans, research is needed in a primate species with more advanced prenatal corticogenesis. | 2010 | 20079486 |
| [the meta analysis on the safety and immunogenicity of domestic and imported split influenza virus vaccines]. | to compare the safety and immunogenicity between domestic and imported, imported and imported split influenza virus vaccine in chinese population. | 2009 | 20077670 |
| development of an immunochromatographic assay specifically detecting pandemic h1n1 (2009) influenza virus. | the pandemic caused by a new type of influenza virus, pandemic h1n1 (2009) influenza virus a (ah1pdm), has had a major worldwide impact. since hemagglutinin (ha) genes are among the most specific genes in the influenza virus genome, ah1pdm can be definitively diagnosed by viral gene analysis targeting the ha genes. this type of analysis, however, cannot be easily performed in clinical settings. while commercially available rapid diagnosis kits (rdks) based on immunochromatography can be used to ... | 2010 | 20071549 |
| analysis of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of human influenza a/h3n2 viruses circulating in iran between 2005 and 2007: antigenic and phylogenetic relationships to vaccine strains. | to study the antigenic variations in influenza a/h3n2 viruses circulating in iran for characterization and phylogenetic relationships to vaccine strains. | 2010 | 20068347 |
| a ctl-based liposomal vaccine capable of inducing protection against heterosubtypic influenza viruses in hla-a*0201 transgenic mice. | the current vaccination strategy against influenza is to induce the production of antibodies directed against surface antigens of viruses. however, the frequent changes in the surface antigens of influenza viruses allow the viruses to avoid antibody-mediated immunity. on the other hand, it is known that cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) populations directed against internal antigens of influenza a virus are broadly cross-reactive to influenza virus subtypes. in the present study, liposomal conjugates ... | 2010 | 20060099 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral effect of agrimonia pilosa extract on influenza viruses. | influenza virus continues to emerge and re-emerge, posing new threats for humans. here we tested various korean medicinal plant extracts for potential antiviral activity against influenza viruses. among them, an extract of agrimonia pilosa was shown to be highly effective against all three subtypes of human influenza viruses including h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a subtypes and influenza b virus. the ec(50) value against influenza a virus, as tested by the plaque reduction assay on mdck cells, was 14 ... | 2010 | 20055938 |
| [new betulin derivatives in combination with rimantadine for inhibition of influenza virus reproduction]. | the preliminary studies mainly revealed comparable inhibition activities of 3-oxime of betulonic acid, 3beta-o-acetyl-28-o-hemiphthalate of betulin and 3,28-dioxime of betulin against reproduction of influenza viruses a (h1n1), a (h7n1), a (h3n2) and b, as well as against the strains of influenza virus a (h1n1) with intrinsic resistance to rimantadine and a (h7n1) with acquired resistance to the drug. the level of the activity depended on the system used for the virus reproduction. the highest l ... | 2009 | 20052912 |
| a high dosage influenza vaccine induced significantly more neuraminidase antibody than standard vaccine among elderly subjects. | antibody to the neuraminidase (na) antigen of influenza viruses has been shown to correlate with immunity to influenza in humans and animal models. in a previous report, we showed that an inactivated influenza vaccine containing 60microg of the hemagglutinin (ha) of each strain induced significantly more serum anti-ha antibody among elderly persons than did the standard vaccine containing 15microg of the ha of each component. we developed a lectin-based assay for anti-na antibody and used it to ... | 2010 | 20044052 |
| virological surveillance and preliminary antigenic characterization of influenza viruses in pigs in five european countries from 2006 to 2008. | this study presents the results of the virological surveillance for swine influenza viruses (sivs) in belgium, uk, italy, france and spain from 2006 to 2008. our major aims were to clarify the occurrence of the three siv subtypes - h1n1, h3n2 and h1n2 - at regional levels, to identify novel reassortant viruses and to antigenically compare sivs with human h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses. lung tissue and/or nasal swabs from outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in pigs were investigated by virus ... | 2011 | 20042068 |
| clarithromycin inhibits type a seasonal influenza virus infection in human airway epithelial cells. | human influenza viruses attach to sialic acid with an alpha2,6linkage (saalpha2,6gal) on the airway epithelial cells, and the entry of the viruses into the cells and uncoating of the viruses require low ph of endosomes. bafilomycin a(1), a macrolide antibiotic and a specific inhibitor of vacuolar h(+)-atpase, inhibits growth of type a and type b human influenza viruses in madin-darby canine kidney cells. however, the inhibitory effects of clinically used macrolide antibiotics on influenza virus ... | 2010 | 20040578 |
| protective efficacy and immunogenicity of an inactivated avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza vaccine in dogs challenged with the virulent virus. | transmission of avian-origin influenza a virus (h3n2) to dogs had been reported and since then the h3n2 virus infection across south korea has been occurred repeatedly in the country's animal clinics and kennels. dog-to-dog transmission of the virus had also been experimentally demonstrated by direct contact. in this study, immunogenicity and protective efficacy against challenge exposure of the formalin-inactivated h3n2 influenza virus vaccine with a synthetic polymer adjuvant was investigated ... | 2010 | 20034748 |
| enhancement of immune responses to influenza vaccine (h3n2) by ginsenoside re. | this study was designed to evaluate the adjuvant effect of ginsenoside re isolated from the root of panax ginseng on the immune responses elicited by split inactivated h3n2 influenza virus antigen in a mouse model. forty-eight icr mice were randomly distributed into six groups with 8 mice in each group. all animals were subcutaneously (s.c.) immunized twice on weeks 0 and 3 with 50 microg re, inactivated h3n2 influenza virus antigen equivalent to 10 or 100 ng of hemogglutinin (ha) or inactivated ... | 2010 | 20034596 |
| pandemic (h1n1) 2009 surveillance and prevalence of seasonal influenza, singapore. | on april 25, 2009, singapore implemented strict containment measures for pandemic (h1n1) 2009 with enhanced surveillance and hospital isolation. in the first month, seasonal influenza, predominantly virus subtype h3n2, was diagnosed for 32% of patients with acute febrile respiratory illness. our findings underscore the high prevalence of seasonal influenza in singapore. | 2010 | 20031051 |
| severe pneumonia associated with pandemic (h1n1) 2009 outbreak, san luis potosí, mexico. | we describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of adults hospitalized with pneumonia during the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 outbreak. patients admitted to a general hospital in san luis potosí, mexico, from april 10 through may 11, 2009, suspected to have influenza virus-associated pneumonia were evaluated. we identified 50 patients with suspected influenza pneumonia; the presence of influenza virus was confirmed in 18: 11 with pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus, 5 with unsubtypeable influenza a virus, ... | 2010 | 20031039 |
| [swine influenza virus: evolution mechanism and epidemic characterization--a review]. | pigs may play an important role in the evolution and ecology of influenza a virus. the tracheal epithelium of pigs contain both sa alpha 2,6 gal and sa alpha 2,3 gal receptors and can be infected with swine, human and avian viruses, therefore, pigs have been considered as an intermediate host for the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to humans or as mixing vessels for the generation of genetically reassortant viruses. evolution patterns among swine influenza viruses including evolution of ho ... | 2009 | 20030049 |
| fitness of pandemic h1n1 and seasonal influenza a viruses during co-infection: evidence of competitive advantage of pandemic h1n1 influenza versus seasonal influenza. | on june 11, 2009 the world health organization (who) declared a new h1n1 influenza pandemic. this pandemic strain is as transmissible as seasonal h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a viruses. major concerns facing this pandemic are whether the new virus will replace, co-circulate and/or reassort with seasonal h1n1 and/or h3n2 human strains. using the ferret model, we investigated which of these three possibilities were most likely favored. our studies showed that the current pandemic virus is more transmis ... | 2009 | 20029606 |
| subtype identification of the novel a h1n1 and other human influenza a viruses using an oligonucleotide microarray. | a novel strain of influenza a (h1n1) virus was isolated in mexico and the us in march and april 2009. this novel virus spread to many countries and regions in a few months, and who raised the level of pandemic alert from phase 5 to phase 6 on june 11, 2009. the accurate identification of h1n1 virus and other human seasonal influenza a viruses is very important for further treatment and control of their infections. in this study, we developed an oligonucleotide microarray to subtype human h1n1, h ... | 2010 | 19998047 |
| direct multiplex reverse transcription-nested pcr detection of influenza viruses without rna purification. | this paper describes the development a of direct multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method, devised for simultaneous detection and typing of influenza viruses. this method combines the direct reverse transcription reaction without rna purification with the enhancement of sensitivity and specificity of nested pcr. the method successfully detected three major human influenza viruses: influenza virus a subtype 1 (h1n1) and subtype 3 (h3n2), and influenza b virus ... | 2009 | 19996703 |
| pathology in dogs with experimental canine h3n2 influenza virus infection. | avian-lineage h3n2 canine influenza virus (civ)-associated respiratory disease, which can be fatal, emerged in south korean dogs in 2007. we show here that dogs experimentally infected with civ only developed respiratory tract diseases, as no extrapulmonary lesions and virus antigens were detected. this differs from the multiorgan diseases that avian influenza h5n1 induces in small experimental animals. however, the civ-infected dogs developed a distinctively severe, long-persistent bronchointer ... | 2010 | 19963232 |
| development of a rapid automated influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus a/b multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay and its use during the 2009 h1n1 swine-origin influenza virus epidemic in milwaukee, wisconsin. | rapid, semiautomated, and fully automated multiplex real-time rt-pcr assays were developed and validated for the detection of influenza (flu) a, flu b, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from nasopharyngeal specimens. the assays can detect human h1n1, h3n2, and swine-origin (s-oiv) h1n1 flu a viruses and were effectively used to distinguish flu a infections (of all subtypes) from flu b and rsv infections during the current s-oiv outbreak in milwaukee, wi. the analytical limits of detection we ... | 2010 | 19959800 |
| [safety and immunological effect of domestic split influenza virus vaccine]. | to evaluate the safety and immunological effect of domestic split influenza virus vaccine. | 2009 | 19954075 |
| pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza a virus induces weak cytokine responses in human macrophages and dendritic cells and is highly sensitive to the antiviral actions of interferons. | in less than 3 months after the first cases of swine origin 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus infections were reported from mexico, who declared a pandemic. the pandemic virus is antigenically distinct from seasonal influenza viruses, and the majority of human population lacks immunity against this virus. we have studied the activation of innate immune responses in pandemic virus-infected human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dc) and macrophages. pandemic a/finland/553/2009 virus, representing a t ... | 2010 | 19939920 |
| incidence, seasonality and mortality associated with influenza pneumonia in thailand: 2005-2008. | data on the incidence, seasonality and mortality associated with influenza in subtropical low and middle income countries are limited. prospective data from multiple years are needed to develop vaccine policy and treatment guidelines, and improve pandemic preparedness. | 2009 | 19936224 |
| trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine given to two-month-old children: an off-season pilot study. | although children less than 6 months of age have the highest risk for hospitalization related to influenza infection, influenza vaccine is not approved for these children. | 2009 | 19935270 |
| from where did the 2009 'swine-origin' influenza a virus (h1n1) emerge? | the swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus that appeared in 2009 and was first found in human beings in mexico, is a reassortant with at least three parents. six of the genes are closest in sequence to those of h1n2 'triple-reassortant' influenza viruses isolated from pigs in north america around 1999-2000. its other two genes are from different eurasian 'avian-like' viruses of pigs; the na gene is closest to h1n1 viruses isolated in europe in 1991-1993, and the mp gene is closest to h3n2 viruses ... | 2009 | 19930669 |
| loss of a single n-linked glycan from the hemagglutinin of influenza virus is associated with resistance to collectins and increased virulence in mice. | glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. this, in turn, modulates the virulence of different viruses for mice. the role of particular oligosaccharide attachments on the ha in determining sensitivity to collectins has yet to be fully elucidated. | 2009 | 19930664 |
| [synthesis and biological activity of complexes of sulfonate-containing polyanions and gentamycin]. | a series of copolymers of acrylamide (am) with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (ammpsa) and n-2-hydroxypropyl-methacrylamide (hpma) with acrylic acid (aa) have been synthesized. complexes of gentamycin in the base form with these polymers and dextran sulfate were obtained. it is established that both poly(ammpca) and its complex with gentamycin exhibit an antiviral activity in vitro against human a(h3n2) influenza virus and herpes simplex virus of type 1 (hsv-1). the hpma-aa copolymer ... | 2009 | 19928575 |
| temperature sensitivity on growth and/or replication of h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 influenza a viruses isolated from pigs and birds in mammalian cells. | influenza a viruses have been isolated from a wide range of animal species, aquatic birds being the reservoir for their genetic diversity. avian influenza viruses can be transmitted to humans, directly or indirectly through an intermediate host like pig. this study aimed to define in vitro conditions that could prove useful to evaluate the potential of influenza viruses to adapt to a different host. growth of h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 influenza viruses belonging to different lineages isolated from bir ... | 2010 | 19926410 |
| evolutionary trends of a(h1n1) influenza virus hemagglutinin since 1918. | the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 is spreading to numerous countries and causing many human deaths. although the symptoms in humans are mild at present, fears are that further mutations in the virus could lead to a potentially more dangerous outbreak in subsequent months. as the primary immunity-eliciting antigen, hemagglutinin (ha) is the major agent for host-driven antigenic drift in a(h3n2) virus. however, whether and how the evolution of ha is influenced by existing immunity is poorly understood for ... | 2009 | 19924230 |
| seasonal, avian, and novel h1n1 influenza: prevention and treatment modalities. | to review the pathophysiology, pandemics/epidemics, transmissibility, clinical presentation, treatment, prevention/immunization, and resistance associated with seasonal, avian, and swine influenza. | 2009 | 19920156 |
| neutrophils ameliorate lung injury and the development of severe disease during influenza infection. | the clinical response to influenza infection ranges from mild disease to severe pneumonia and it remains unclear whether the inflammatory response to infection is protective or pathogenic. we have defined a novel role for neutrophils in ameliorating lung injury during influenza infection, thereby limiting development of severe disease. infection of neutrophil-depleted mice with influenza virus hkx31 (h3n2) led to rapid weight loss, pneumonia, and death. neutropenia was associated with enhanced v ... | 2009 | 19917678 |
| innate immune response to h3n2 and h1n1 influenza virus infection in a human lung organ culture model. | we studied cytokine responses to influenza virus pr8 (h1n1) and oklahoma/309/06 (ok/06, h3n2) in a novel human lung tissue model. exposure of the model to influenza virus rapidly activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling (mapk) pathways erk, p38 and jnk. in addition, rnase protection assay demonstrated the induction of several cytokine and chemokine mrnas by virus. this finding was reflected at the translational level as il-6, mcp-1, mip-1 alpha/beta, il-8 and ip-10 proteins were ... | 2010 | 19913271 |
| detection of haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies against human h1 and h3 strains of influenza a viruses in pigs in ibadan, nigeria. | agricultural and commercial activities have continued to bring people and pigs into regular, close contact in ibadan, nigeria. this study was therefore designed to investigate the transmission of human influenza viruses to pigs in ibadan, using serological surveillance. serum specimens were collected from ninety-one (91/199) apparently healthy, unvaccinated landrace pigs at three locations within ibadan from april to june, 2008. two strains of human influenza virus a: a/brisbane/59/2007 (h1n1) a ... | 2010 | 19912605 |
| clinical effectiveness of oseltamivir and zanamivir for treatment of influenza a virus subtype h1n1 with the h274y mutation: a japanese, multicenter study of the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 influenza seasons. | influenza a virus subtype h1n1 with the h274y mutation emerged and spread worldwide. however, the clinical effectiveness of the neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir, has not been adequately reevaluated. | 2009 | 19911968 |
| boost of mucosal secretory immunoglobulin a response by clarithromycin in paediatric influenza. | the antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir (osv) is used to treat influenza. the macrolide clarithromycin (cam) is used to treat bacterial infections and has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. this retrospective study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of cam in children presenting with influenza a. | 2009 | 19909463 |
| efficacy of inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine against culture-confirmed influenza in healthy adults: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | a new trivalent inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine (tiv) was recently introduced in the united states. we assessed the efficacy of tiv against culture-confirmed influenza a and/or b. | 2009 | 19909082 |
| genomic events underlying the changes in adamantane resistance among influenza a(h3n2) viruses during 2006-2008. | adamantanes resistance in h3n2 viruses has been increasing since 2000, and in 2005-2006 reached nearly 100% in most countries, with the circulation of the n-lineage. in 2006-2007, however, a significant decrease in resistance was observed in many regions. | 2009 | 19903212 |
| effects of the combination of favipiravir (t-705) and oseltamivir on influenza a virus infections in mice. | favipiravir (t-705 [6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide]) and oseltamivir were combined to treat influenza virus a/nws/33 (h1n1), a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2), and a/duck/mn/1525/81 (h5n1) infections. t-705 alone inhibited viruses in cell culture at 1.4 to 4.3 microm. oseltamivir inhibited these three viruses in cells at 3.7, 0.02, and 0.16 microm and in neuraminidase assays at 0.94, 0.46, and 2.31 nm, respectively. oral treatments were given twice daily to mice for 5 to 7 days starting, generall ... | 2010 | 19901093 |
| influenza virus infections in dogs and cats. | during the last decade reports of influenza a virus infections in dogs and cats draw considerable attention to veterinary practitioners and scientists in the fields of virology and epidemiology. earlier experimental studies showed that dogs and cats are susceptible to influenza a virus infection, but animals did not develop clinical signs. in recent years transmission of influenza virus of subtype h3n8 from horses to dogs, however, was accompanied by severe clinical signs and the infection was s ... | 2010 | 19896216 |
| universal influenza dna vaccine encoding conserved cd4+ t cell epitopes protects against lethal viral challenge in hla-dr transgenic mice. | the goal of the present study was to design a vaccine that would provide universal protection against infection of humans with diverse influenza a viruses. accordingly, protein sequences from influenza a virus strains currently in circulation (h1n1, h3n2), agents of past pandemics (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) and zoonotic infections of man (h1n1, h5n1, h7n2, h7n3, h7n7, h9n2) were evaluated for the presence of amino acid sequences, motifs, that are predicted to mediate peptide epitope binding with high af ... | 2010 | 19895924 |
| evidence for persistence of and antiviral resistance and reassortment events in seasonal influenza virus strains circulating in cambodia. | the analysis of a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 influenza viruses collected between 2005 and 2008 in cambodia detected strains resistant to oseltamivir and confirmed widespread resistance to adamantanes. phylogenetic analyses revealed intrasubtype reassortment, probable reemergence of a/h3n2 viruses in two consecutive seasons, and cocirculation of different lineages in each subtype. | 2010 | 19889906 |
| rapid and specific detection of amantadine-resistant influenza a viruses with a ser31asn mutation by the cycling probe method. | amantadine is one of the antiviral agents used to treat influenza a virus infections, but resistant strains have widely emerged worldwide. in the present study, we developed a novel method to detect amantadine-resistant strains harboring the ser31asn mutation in the m2 gene based on the cycling probe method and real-time pcr. we also studied the rate of amantadine resistance in the 2007-2008 influenza season in japan. two different primer and cycling probe sets were designed for a/h1n1 and a/h3n ... | 2010 | 19889895 |
| comparison of a rapid antigen test with nucleic acid testing during cocirculation of pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009 and seasonal influenza a/h3n2. | the rapid diagnosis of influenza is critical in optimizing clinical management. rapid antigen tests have decreased sensitivity in detecting pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009 virus compared to seasonal influenza a subtypes (53.4% versus 74.2%, p < 0.001). nucleic acid tests should be used to detect pandemic influenza virus when rapid antigen tests are negative. | 2010 | 19889892 |
| protective memory responses are modulated by priming events prior to challenge. | human infections with highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza a viruses in the last decade have legitimized fears of a long-predicted pandemic. we thus investigated the response to secondary infections with an engineered, but still highly virulent, h5n1 influenza a virus in the c57bl/6 mouse model. mice primed with the h1n1 a/puerto rico/8/34 (pr8) virus were partially protected from lethality following respiratory infection with the modified h5n1 virus a/vietnam/1203/04 (deltavn1203). in contras ... | 2010 | 19889782 |
| [the characteristics of epidemic influenza a and b virus strains circulating in russia during the 2007-2008 season]. | in 2007-2008 in russia, the epidemic upsurge of influenza morbidity was caused by the active circulation of influenza a(h1n1, a(h3n2), and b viruses. the center for ecology and epidemiology of influenza studied 334 epidemic strains. the results of a comparative study of the svirus specificity of commercial test systems (amplisens influenza virus a/b and amplisens influenza virus a/h5n1) for the polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and virological assays, including virus isolation, revealed their ... | 2009 | 19882900 |
| [monitoring of the sensitivity of epidemic influenza virus strains isolated in russia to etiotropic chemical agents]. | the paper presents the results of studying the spectrum of influenza a and b viruses to rimantadine, arbidol, and oseltamivir and describes the methods used for these purposes for epidemiological surveillance. different sensitivities to rimantadine were found among influenza a viruses. during the 2007-2008 season, the vast majority of influenza a(h3n2) virus strains were resistant to rimantadine (77%) while all influenza a(h1n1) virus strains preserved their resistance to this drug. the fact tha ... | 2009 | 19882899 |
| [antiviral activity of immunomodulator selank in experimental influenza infection]. | the main objective of this study was to evaluate the antiviral properties of the glyproline selank in both in vitro and in vivo against the influenza virus strain a/aichi 2/68 (h3n2). the pronounced antiviral effect of the agent was detected in both systems. selank added to the cell culture 24 hours before inoculation (a preventive use scheme) showed the highest efficiency, by completely suppressing viral reproduction. the in vivo studies also demonstrated that the highest survival of laboratory ... | 2009 | 19882898 |
| reassortment between amantadine-resistant and -sensitive h1n1 influenza a viruses generated an amantadine-sensitive virus during the 2007-2008 season. | the frequency of the amantadine-resistant h1n1 influenza a virus has been increasing since the 2005-2006 season. it is unclear whether reassortment was involved in this trend. here, we show that cocirculation of amantadine-resistant and -sensitive strains led to the genesis of amantadine-sensitive reassortant virus during the 2007-2008 season. thereafter, the reassortant virus predominated. this contrasts with the trend for the h3n2 virus, in which the amantadine-resistant reassortant virus beca ... | 2009 | 19874176 |