Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| studies in pullorum disease: xvii the use of salmonella typhi o901 in test antigens. | 1947 | 17648266 | |
| enteric fever perspective in india: emergence of high-level ciprofloxacin resistance and rising mic to cephalosporins. | 2007 | 17644728 | |
| a preliminary report on current antibiogram of salmonella enterica serotype typhi in nagpur. | 2003 | 17643050 | |
| an atypical presentation of salmonella typhi - a case report. | breast abscess due to salmonella typhi is an extremely rare occurrence. a lady with a lump in the left breast was diagnosed to have a fibroadenoma and was subjected to a surgical procedure. she was found to have an abscess due to salmonella typhi as confirmed by conventional bacteriological methods. she was treated with ciprofloxacin and responded favourably. | 2003 | 17643025 |
| a case of injection abscess due to salmonella typhi. | to the best of our knowledge, injection abscess due to salmonella typhi has not been reported earlier. a patient with fever of unknown origin was diagnosed as suffering from typhoid fever, administered a course of ceftrioxone but patient developed an injection abscess due to s. typhi, abscess was drained and patient was started on ciprofloxacin to which he responded favourably. | 2003 | 17642978 |
| typhoid spine - a case report. | a case of salmonella typhi isolated from l4-l5 spine is reported here. the causative organism was not suspected preoperatively. the patient responded favourably to surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotic therapy. | 2004 | 17642712 |
| phage typing, biotyping & antimicrobial resistance profile of salmonella enterica serotype typhi from kolkata. | kolkata and its suburbs in eastern india are known to be endemic for typhoid fever. the objective of this study was to determine phage types, biotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolated during the period 2003-2005 from a prospective surveillance for typhoid fever in two urban slums in kolkata. | 2007 | 17642505 |
| pattern of widal agglutination reaction in apparently healthy population of jimma town, southwest ethiopia. | typhoid fever is leading cause of morbidity in developing countries including ethiopia. isolation of salmonella typhi by culturing, from blood or other source, is the surest way of making laboratory diagnosis. however, in resource-limited countries, the widal agglutination test provides cheaper and easy alternatives, though inappropriate technique and interpretation continue to cast a shadow on its usefulness. | 2007 | 17642160 |
| a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for rapid identification of citrobacter freundii and salmonella species, including salmonella typhi. | salmonella enterica is one of the most common enteric pathogens worldwide. conventional methods of isolation of salmonella strains take 4-7 days to complete, are laborious and require substantial manpower. we devised a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method that simultaneously uses three pairs of specific primers to detect inv, spv, and via genes of salmonella. | 2007 | 17639162 |
| the effect of methylation on dna replication in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | the dna adenine methylase of salmonella typhimurium methylates adenine at gatc sequences. strains deficient in this methylase are not well transformed by methylated plasmids, but unmethylated plasmids transform them at high frequencies. hemimethylated daughter molecules accumulate after the transformation of dam(-) strains with fully methylated plasmids, suggesting that hemimethylation prevents dna replication. it will also be shown that plasmids isolated from dam(-) bacteria are hemimethylated ... | 2007 | 17637438 |
| vaccines for preventing typhoid fever. | two typhoid vaccines are commercially available, ty21a (oral) and vi polysaccharide (parenteral), but neither is used routinely. other vaccines, such as a new modified, conjugated vi vaccine called vi-repa, are in development. | 2007 | 17636661 |
| typhoid intestinal perforations: twenty-six year experience. | typhoid fever (tf) is a severe febrile illness caused by salmonella typhi. one of the most lethal complications of tf is ileal perforation (tip). although the mortality of associated with tip has decreased slightly over the past decade, it is still high. | 2007 | 17629741 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi associated with a class 1 integron carrying the dfra7 gene cassette in nepal. | a total of 121 salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a isolated from enteric fever patients at a university hospital in nepal between february 2004 and january 2006 were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility. the occurrence and cassette content of integrons as well as the molecular mechanisms of resistance among the multidrug-resistant (mdr) s. typhi were evaluated. thirty-nine percent of the isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested. seven of the s. typ ... | 2007 | 17629465 |
| core-linked lps expression of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 o-antigen in live salmonella typhi vaccine vector ty21a: preclinical evidence of immunogenicity and protection. | shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (s. dysenteriae 1) causes severe shigellosis that is typically associated with high mortality. antibodies against shigella serotype-specific o-polysaccharide (o-ps) have been shown to be host protective. in this study, the rfb locus and the rfp gene with their cognate promoter regions were pcr-amplified from s. dysenteriae 1, cloned, and sequenced. deletion analysis showed that eight rfb orfs plus rfp are necessary for biosynthesis of this o-ps. a tandemly-linked ... | 2007 | 17629369 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of salmonella enterica serotype typhi in eastern nepal. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns with special reference to multidrug resistance, susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, and bacteriophage typing of salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolated from blood sent for culture in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in eastern nepal during january 2000-december 2004. in total, 132 strains of s. enterica typhi, isolated from 2,568 blood culture samples collected from cases of suspected enteric fever, were tested ... | 2007 | 17615907 |
| an all-inclusive vacation. | 2007 | 17611995 | |
| in vitro activity of cefadroxil, cephalexin, cefatrizine and cefpirome in presence of essential and trace elements. | evidences supporting the introduction of metallic elements in several biological processes are rapidly accumulating. likewise, many drugs possess modified toxicological and pharmacological properties when in the form of metal complexes. in order to ascertain the role of various essential and trace element complexation on the antibacterial activity of various cephalosporins, the synergistic or antagonistic behavior of cefadroxil, cephalexin, cefatrizine and cefpirome in presence of essential and ... | 2007 | 17604254 |
| identification of potential b cell epitope determinants by computer techniques, in hemagglutinin-neuraminidase from the porcine rubulavirus la piedad michoacan. | hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) from porcine rubulavirus la piedad michoacan (rvplpm) is one of the most antigenic proteins known, and is responsible for virus-host cell interaction. we analyzed the amino acid sequence of hn, using computer-assisted techniques to identify b cell epitopes. from a pool of 18 possible antigenic peptides, we evaluated the antigenicity of the 2 peptides with the highest scores and the 1 with lowest score. antibodies from rvplpm-infected pigs recognized the synthesiz ... | 2007 | 17603842 |
| protective effect of atorvastatin on acute systemic inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. | recent studies suggest an association between acute inflammation and deterioration of arterial function. the effect of acute inflammation on endothelial function and the role of treatment with statins have not been investigated in subjects with dyslipidaemia. | 2007 | 17597050 |
| type ivb pilus operon promoter controlling expression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus nucleocapsid gene in salmonella enterica serovar typhi elicits full immune response by intranasal vaccination. | attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains have been considered to be attractive as potential live oral delivery vector vaccines because of their ability to elicit the full array of immune responses in humans. in this study, we constructed an attenuated s. enterica serovar typhi strain stably expressing conserved nucleocapsid (n) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) by integrating the n gene into the pilv gene, which was under the control of th ... | 2007 | 17596427 |
| epidemiology and risk factors for endemic typhoid fever in uzbekistan. | to investigate the risk factors for infection with endemic typhoid fever in the samarkand region of uzbekistan. | 2007 | 17596250 |
| the capsule encoding the viab locus reduces interleukin-17 expression and mucosal innate responses in the bovine intestinal mucosa during infection with salmonella enterica serotype typhi. | the viab locus contains genes for the biosynthesis and export of the vi capsular antigen of salmonella enterica serotype typhi. wild-type serotype typhi induces less cxc chemokine production in tissue culture models than does an isogenic viab mutant. here we investigated the in vivo relevance of these observations by determining whether the presence of the viab region prevents inflammation in two animal models of gastroenteritis. unlike s. enterica serotype typhimurium, serotype typhi or a serot ... | 2007 | 17591794 |
| enteric fever due to multi-resistant salmonella typhi. | five cases of enteric fever due to multi-resistant salmonella typhi are reported. four of these patients most probably contracted the disease in india and the fifth in egypt. all of them were successfully treated either with ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin. | 1993 | 17590670 |
| salmonella infections in asir region, southern saudi arabia: expatriated implications. | one hundred forty-two cases of salmonella infection seen in asir region, southern saudi arabia, during the period of 1989-1991 inclusive, were analyzed. ninety-four cases were found to have enteric fever and 48 cases were found to have, salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis. enteric fever is more common in non-saudis (64%) than in the indigenous saudi population (34%). salmonella enteriditis gastroenteritis is more common among the saudi population (75%) than non-saudis (25%). the clinical pres ... | 1993 | 17590669 |
| continuous versus bolus infusion of terlipressin in ovine endotoxemia. | in patients with sepsis, hemodynamic support is often complicated by a tachyphylaxis against conventional vasopressor agents. bolus infusion of terlipressin, a vasopressin analog, has been reported to increase mean arterial pressure in patients with catecholamine-resistant septic shock. however, bolus infusion of terlipressin may be associated with severe side effects, including pulmonary vasoconstriction and impairment of oxygen delivery. we hypothesized that continuous low-dose infusion of ter ... | 2007 | 17589382 |
| in vitro activity of azithromycin: a long-acting azalide. | the in vitro activity of azithromycin, an orally active azalide, was compared with that of erythromycin and oral beta-lactams against 893 clinical isolates of staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, haemophilus influenzae and salmonella typhi. mic90 of azithromycin for streptococci was 0.12 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l for h. influenzae, 8.0 mg/l for salmonella typhi and methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. like erythromycin and the beta-lactams tested, it had little or no activity against enteroc ... | 1994 | 17589076 |
| the genome of salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | the generation of complete genome sequences provides a blueprint that facilitates the genetic characterization of pathogens and their hosts. the genome of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) harbors ~5 million base pairs encoding some 4000 genes, of which >200 are functionally inactive. comparison of s. typhi isolates from around the world indicates that they are highly related (clonal) and that they emerged from a single point of origin ~30,000-50,000 years ago. evidence suggests that, ... | 2007 | 17582565 |
| ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine and prevention of paratyphoid fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b. | in randomized, controlled field trials in area norte and area occidente of santiago, chile, 2 (norte) or 3 (occidente) doses of live oral typhoid vaccine ty21a in enteric-coated capsules conferred protection against confirmed salmonella enterica serovar typhi disease (53% efficacy in norte; 67% efficacy in occidente) during 3 years of follow-up. there was also a trend in each trial showing protection against s. enterica serovar paratyphi b disease (56% efficacy in norte; 42% efficacy in occident ... | 2007 | 17582564 |
| cvd 908, cvd 908-htra, and cvd 909 live oral typhoid vaccines: a logical progression. | typhoid fever remains an important public health problem in many parts of the world. despite the availability of oral ty21a (vivotif; berna biotech) and parenteral vi polysaccharide vaccine (typhim vi; aventis pasteur), improved typhoid fever vaccines have been sought. these include a series of vaccine candidates developed at the center for vaccine development, university of maryland, based on attenuation of salmonella enterica serovar typhi by deletions in the aroc, arod, and htra genes. these ... | 2007 | 17582563 |
| cell-mediated immunity and antibody responses elicited by attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains used as live oral vaccines in humans. | the development of improved typhoid vaccines is a high global public health priority. however, their development has been hampered by a lack of information regarding the specific determinants of protective immunity to salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) infection in humans. although antibodies to s. typhi o, h, and vi appear to be involved in protection against s. typhi infection, it is unknown whether such antibodies mediate protection, act in conjunction with other adaptive responses, ... | 2007 | 17582562 |
| cutting edge: natural dna repetitive extragenic sequences from gram-negative pathogens strongly stimulate tlr9. | bacterial dna exerts immunostimulatory effects on mammalian cells via the intracellular tlr9. although broad analysis of tlr9-mediated immunostimulatory potential of synthetic oligonucleotides has been developed, which kinds of natural bacterial dna sequences are responsible for immunostimulation are not known. this work provides evidence that the natural dna sequences named repetitive extragenic palindromic (reps) sequences present in gram-negative bacteria are able to produce innate immune sys ... | 2007 | 17579017 |
| [mexican studies on salmonella: epidemiology, vaccines and molecular biology]. | this review presents the studies on salmonella conducted by three research groups in mexico. each of these groups belongs to different but complementary disciplines. the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance of salmonella throughout the food chain, in conjunction with molecular typing of the isolates is discussed. the epidemiological and molecular findings should serve as the basis for a national or regional control program that includes the development of specific vaccines. the infor ... | 2006 | 17578083 |
| antimicrobial activity of a series of thiosemicarbazones and their zn(ii) and pd(ii) complexes. | thirty-four thiosemicarbazones and s-alkyl thiosemicarbazones, and some of their zn(ii) and pd(ii) complexes were obtained and purified to investigate antimicrobial activity. mic values of the compounds were determined by the disc diffusion method against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, and candida albicans. the thiosemicarbazones show antibacterial and antifungal effec ... | 2007 | 17571790 |
| enteric fever due to salmonella typhi and paratyphi a a neglected and emerging problem. | 2007 | 17560692 | |
| clonal reconquest of antibiotic-susceptible salmonella enterica serotype typhi in son la province, vietnam. | in the last three decades, high rates of resistance to common first-line antimicrobial agents have been reported in salmonella enterica serotype typhi (typhi), the causative organism of typhoid fever (tf), in many regions of the world, especially in south east asia. analysis of typhi strains isolated from outbreaks and sporadic cases of tf in son la province, northwest vietnam, in 2002 revealed that 94.5% (85/90) of the isolates were fully susceptible to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazo ... | 2007 | 17556632 |
| [breast abscess with salmonella typhi and review of the literature]. | we report the case of a 54-year-old woman who presented with breast abscess, which appeared through a common alimentary toxi-infection with salmonella typhi, infection, which implied twelve patients having attended the same restaurant. with around hundred native cases a year in france, typhoid fever is not a very frequent toxi-infection. among the known extra-intestinal manifestations of salmonella infections, the breast abscess remains rare and the literature revealed less than ten published ca ... | 2007 | 17555887 |
| identification of a transcriptional regulator that controls intracellular gene expression in salmonella typhi. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), the aetiological agent of typhoid fever, is an exclusively human pathogen. little is known about specific factors that may confer to this bacterium its unique pathogenic features. one of these determinants is cdtb, a homologue of the active subunit of the cytolethal distending toxin, which causes dna damage leading to cell cycle arrest and distension of intoxicated cells. a unique property of s. typhi cdtb is that it is only synthesized when this bac ... | 2007 | 17555437 |
| typhoid osteomyelitis of the spine. | 2007 | 17548921 | |
| in vitro availability studies of enoxacin in presence of h2 receptor antagonists. | enoxacin is a second-generation quinolone with increased antibacterial activity both in potency as well as in terms of broad spectrum against a wide range of clinically important pathogens over the first generation quinolones and produces its effect by inhibiting bacterial enzyme dna gyrase. there are a number of drug interactions reported for enoxacin. on the other hand h2-receptor antagonists block gastric acid secretion and some cardiovascular effects of histamine. as the later drugs are used ... | 2007 | 17545110 |
| [sds-page analysis of the antibacterial activity of the hemolymph from housefly larva]. | to study the inducible antibacterial activity of the hemolymph from housefly larva and analyze the antibacterial molecules. | 2007 | 17545015 |
| vi polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine for the prevention of typhoid fever in children: hope or hype? | 2007 | 17542742 | |
| genotypic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhi collected during two successive autumnal typhoid outbreaks in southeast tunisia. | investigation of two successive autumnal outbreaks of typhoid fever that occurred in southeast tunisia. | 2007 | 17524573 |
| [typhoid fever and acute pancreatitis: two cases]. | acute pancreatitis is a pancreatic inflammation that recognises salmonella typhi among its aetiological agents. in this article the authors describe two cases of acute pancreatitis secondary to typhoid fever, evolving towards complete recovery. these two cases, besides confirming that salmonella typhi can be responsible for acute pancreatitis, remind us that during typhoid fever, amylase enzyme test should be always assessed. moreover, salmonella infection must also be considered in cases of non ... | 2007 | 17515678 |
| comparison of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by the extracts of methanol and gasoline engine exhausts. | gasoline engine exhaust has been considered a major source of air pollution in china, and methanol is considered as a potential substitute for gasoline fuel. in this study, the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of organic extracts of condensate, particulate matters (pm) and semivolatile organic compounds (svoc) of gasoline and absolute methanol engine exhaust were examined by using mtt assay, micronucleus assay, comet assay and ames test. the results have showed that gasoline engine exhaust exhibite ... | 2007 | 17512694 |
| enhanced immunity to plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (pfcsp) by using salmonella enterica serovar typhi expressing pfcsp and a pfcsp-encoding dna vaccine in a heterologous prime-boost strategy. | two salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains that express and export a truncated version of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite surface protein (tcsp) fused to salmonella serovar typhi cytolysin a (clya) were constructed as a first step in the development of a preerythrocytic malaria vaccine. synthetic codon-optimized genes (t-csp1 and t-csp2), containing immunodominant b- and t-cell epitopes present in native p. falciparum circumsporozoite surface protein (pfcsp), were fused in frame to the ... | 2007 | 17502396 |
| [evolutionary history of salmonella typhi illustrates a new pattern of epidemiologic dynamics]. | 2007 | 17502052 | |
| a novel linear plasmid mediates flagellar variation in salmonella typhi. | unlike the majority of salmonella enterica serovars, salmonella typhi (s. typhi), the etiological agent of human typhoid, is monophasic. s. typhi normally harbours only the phase 1 flagellin gene (flic), which encodes the h:d antigen. however, some s. typhi strains found in indonesia express an additional flagellin antigen termed h:z66. molecular analysis of h:z66+ s. typhi revealed that the h:z66 flagellin structural gene (fljb(z66)) is encoded on a linear plasmid that we have named pbssb1. the ... | 2007 | 17500588 |
| quantification of a potent mutagenic 4-amino-3,3'-dichloro-5,4'-dinitrobiphenyl (addb) and the related chemicals in water from the waka river in wakayama, japan. | 4-amino-3,3'-dichloro-5,4'-dinitrobiphenyl (addb) is a novel chemical exerting strong mutagenicity, especially in the absence of metabolic activation. in addition to mutagenicity, addb may also disrupt the endocrine system in vitro. addb may be discharged from chemical plants near the waka river and could be unintentionally formed via post-emission modification of drainage water containing 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (dcb), which is a precursor in the manufacture of polymers and dye intermediates in ... | 2007 | 17499012 |
| metal-based antibacterial and antifungal agents: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro biological evaluation of co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii), and zn(ii) complexes with amino acid-derived compounds. | a series of antibacterial and antifungal amino acid-derived compounds and their cobalt(ii), copper(ii), nickel(ii), and zinc(ii) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments, and ir, and electronic spectral measurements. ligands (l(1))-(l(5)) were derived by condensation of beta-diketones with glycine, phenylalanine, valine, and histidine and act as bidentate towards metal ions (cobalt, copper, nickel, and zinc) via the ... | 2006 | 17497020 |
| mutagenicity and dna adduct formation by the urban air pollutant 2-nitrobenzanthrone. | 2-nitrobenzanthrone (2-nba) has recently been detected in ambient air particulate matter. its isomer 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-nba) is a potent mutagen and suspected human carcinogen identified in diesel exhaust. the highest mutagenic activity of 2-nba tested in salmonella typhimurium was exhibited in strain ta1538-hsult1a1 expressing human sulfotransferase (sult) 1a1. 2-nba also induced mutations in chinese hamster lung v79 cells expressing human n-acetyltransferase 2 or sult1a1, but no mutagenici ... | 2007 | 17483118 |
| [emergence of multidrug resistant salmonella strains in lome (togo)]. | this study had for aim to compare antibiotic resistance of 332 salmonella enterica strains identified in human samples in the course of infections, in lome. | 2007 | 17459634 |
| hemorrhagic fevers: few clues after 25 years. | there is a high prevalence of ebola antibodies found in the kenya population, related to geographical area and season, although the clinical disease was never found and the virus was not isolated. a field study was carried out in 7 hospitals in western kenya, 1986 -1987 (including surveillance studies in suspect areas), to intensify collection and transport of samples, testing facilities, patient observation with record keeping and follow-up. this study involved 1109 admitted patients with fever ... | 1996 | 17451318 |
| uncomplicated falciparum malaria complicated by salmonella septicaemia: cause not coincidence. | a male patient of 10-year-old presented with fever, headache and vomiting for last few days. he was being treated with antimalarial drugs. on 14th day of illness he again showed rise of temperature. his blood culture showed growth of salmonella typhi. he was treated with ceftriaxone and responded favourably. here uncomplicated falciparum malaria developed a secondary infection with salmonella during hospital stay. this uncommon association was noted rather than a mere coincidence, which rarely r ... | 2006 | 17444068 |
| salmonella typhi central nervous system infection. | 2007 | 17440655 | |
| endotoxemia in newborn rats attenuates acute pancreatitis at adult age. | bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, lps), at high concentration is responsible for sepsis, and neonatal mortality, however low concentration of lps protected the pancreas against acute damage. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exposition of suckling rats to lps on the course of acute pancreatitis at adult age. suckling rat (30-40g) received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of saline (control) or lps from escherichia coli or salmonella typhi (5, 10 or 15 mg/kg-day) durin ... | 2007 | 17440232 |
| serological and blood culture investigations of nepalese fever patients. | serological testing of paired (i.e. admission and convalescent) sera from 103 fever patients in kathmandu, nepal, was performed to estimate the prevalence rates of scrub typhus, murine typhus, leptospira and dengue virus antibodies and to determine their role in the cause of active infections. blood cultures from 15 patients grew salmonella enterica serovar typhi, 8 grew s. paratyphi a and 6 grew other bacteria. diagnostic antibody levels were detected against murine typhus (27/103; 26%), scrub ... | 2007 | 17433390 |
| activity of synergistic combination amoxy-cassia against salmonella. | the object of this study was to formulate new, cost effective anti-microbial combination for multi drug resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serover typhi (sest) based on the synergistic activity of amoxicillin with the aqueous fruit solution of cassia fistula (cff), a medicinal plant found in pakistan which when tested alone have weak antimicrobial activity against blood isolates of mdr sest. mic of mdr sest for amoxicillin and cff alone was 750 microg/ml and 3750 microg/ml. the mic of amoxicill ... | 2007 | 17416570 |
| [comparison of multilocus sequence typing system and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in typing of salmonella enteritidis]. | to compare the discriminatory ability between multilocus sequence typing system (mlst) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). | 2006 | 17415987 |
| ability of spi2 mutant of s. typhi to effectively induce antibody responses to the mucosal antigen enterotoxigenic e. coli heat labile toxin b subunit after oral delivery to humans. | we have evaluated an oral vaccine based on an salmonella enteric serovar typhi (s. typhi) ty2 derivative tsb7 harboring deletion mutations in ssav (spi-2) and aroc together with a chromosomally integrated copy of eltb encoding the b subunit of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli heat labile toxin (lt-b) in volunteers. two oral doses of 10(8) or 10(9)cfu were administered to two groups of volunteers and both doses were well tolerated, with no vaccinemia, and only transient stool shedding. immune res ... | 2007 | 17412462 |
| dna damage recognition and repair by 3-methyladenine dna glycosylase i (tag). | dna glycosylases help maintain the genome by excising chemically modified bases from dna. escherichia coli 3-methyladenine dna glycosylase i (tag) specifically catalyzes the removal of the cytotoxic lesion 3-methyladenine (3ma). the molecular basis for the enzymatic recognition and removal of 3ma from dna is currently a matter of speculation, in part owing to the lack of a structure of a 3ma-specific glycosylase bound to damaged dna. here, high-resolution crystal structures of salmonella typhi t ... | 2007 | 17410210 |
| antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of extracts of terminalia brownii roots and stem. | ternimalia brownii fresen (combretaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat bacterial, fungal and viral infections. there is a need to evaluate extracts of this plant in order to provide scientific proof for it's wide application in traditional medicine system. | 2007 | 17394672 |
| a new antibacterial compound produced by an indigenous marine bacteria--fermentation, isolation, and biological activity. | the use of microorganisms for biological purpose has become an effective alternative to control pathogens. a marine bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from eal fish of baluchistan coast of pakistan. this strain produced a bactericidal antibiotic against environmental and clinical isolates. in this study, we purified bactericidal antibiotic from the ethyl acetate extract of the cells of p. aeruginosa and analyzed its chemical structure. based on spectrometric analysis, this compound 1 ... | 2006 | 17393659 |
| dot enzyme immunoassay (typhidot) in diagnosis of typhoid fever in children. | 2007 | 17387102 | |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a harbors inchi1 plasmids similar to those found in serovar typhi. | salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a cause systemic infections in humans which are referred to as enteric fever. multidrug-resistant (mdr) serovar typhi isolates emerged in the 1980s, and in recent years mdr serovar paratyphi a infections have become established as a significant problem across asia. mdr in serovar typhi is almost invariably associated with inchi1 plasmids, but the genetic basis of mdr in serovar paratyphi a has remained predominantly undefined. the dna sequence of ... | 2007 | 17384186 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in hong kong, 2000-2004. | to study salmonella enterica serotype typhi by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in hong kong. | 2007 | 17378707 |
| using attenuated salmonella typhi as tumor targeting vector for mdr1 sirna delivery. | to investigate the feasibility of using attenuated salmonella typhi as an in vivo delivery vector for multidrug-resistance gene (mdr1) small interference rna (sirna) in a mouse model bearing human tongue squamous cell cancer. this technique may represent a novel and effective route for the in vivo administration of sirna against malignant tumors. | 2007 | 17374987 |
| computational and experimental analyses of mammalian arylamine n-acetyltransferase structure and function. | arylamine n-acetyltransferases (nats) play an important role in the metabolism of arylamine and hydrazine drugs and many arylamine procarcinogens. the two human n-acetyltransferases, nat1 and nat2, are widely distributed in human tissues and are highly polymorphic. although many xenobiotic procarcinogens and drugs are known mammalian nat substrates, it is unclear what physiological roles these enzymes might play, what endogenous substrates they primarily act upon, or the mechanisms underlying th ... | 2007 | 17371801 |
| outbreak of domestically acquired typhoid fever in leipzig, germany, june 2004. | in june 2004, three confirmed cases of typhoid fever were reported to the health authorities in leipzig, germany. the patients had been admitted to hospital with unexplained fever and otherwise mild symptoms. all were members of the same pony club, none had been abroad. a retrospective cohort study among pony club members was performed to identify the source of infection. a suspected case was defined as unexplained fever >=38.5 degrees c over three or more days since 1 may 2004. additional po ... | 2007 | 17370984 |
| sacroiliitis due to salmonella typhi: a report of two cases. | 1997 | 17369734 | |
| mixed salmonella infection: case report and review of the literature. | mixed infection with multiple salmonella serotypes in the same patient is an unusual finding. we present a case of enteric fever in which both salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a were isolated from the blood of a patient traveling from india. | 2007 | 17367485 |
| vivotif--a 'magic shield' for protection against typhoid fever and delivery of heterologous antigens. | the attenuated salmonella typhi strain ty21a is the main constituent of vivotif, the only attenuated live oral vaccine against typhoid fever. in comparison with antibiotics, the 'magic bullets' which paul ehrlich was striving for to treat infectious diseases, this vaccine should be viewed as a 'magic shield', because rather than treating typhoid fever after the infection has started, immunisation with this vaccine strain prevents infection and disease by the induction of specific immune response ... | 2007 | 17347563 |
| sacroiliitis causing salmonella typhi. | 1998 | 17344700 | |
| reply: sacroliitis causing salmonella typhi. | 1998 | 17344698 | |
| [protidogram and serum agglutinin data in rabbits subjected to vaccination and gastric mucoprotein administration]. | a statistical assessment was made of the results obtained in a study of the behaviour of the protidogram and serum agglutinins in rabbits subjected to salmonella typhi murium vaccination and 25 and 50 mg/kg per day gastric mucoprotein. albumin values were decreased in animals both vaccinated and treated, moderately increased in those that received mucoprotein only. globulins increased in both groups. antibody increases were most marked in animals vaccinated and treated with the larger mucoprotei ... | 1969 | 17340818 |
| antibacterial activities of emblica officinalis and coriandrum sativum against gram negative urinary pathogens. | present investigation is focused on antibacterial potential of aqueous infusions and aqueous decoctions of emblica officinalis (amla) and coriandrum sativum (coriander) against 345 bacterial isolates belonging to 6 different genera of gram negative bacterial population isolated from urine specimens by employing well diffusion technique. aqueous infusion and decoction of emblica officinalis exhibited potent antibacterial activity against escherichia coli (270), klebsiella pneumoniae (51), k. ozae ... | 2007 | 17337425 |
| [retrospective study on the isolated strains of salmonella in an iranian hospital in kermanshah]. | a survey of occurrence of salmonella in blood and bone marrow cultures was conducted in 1989-1990 and 1999-2000 (sina hospital, kermanshah). a total of 496 (12.3%) and 60 (2.4%) salmonella strains were isolated (from 4020 and 2447 cultures). in 1989-1990, the isolated strains were: s. typhi 448 (98.5%), s. paratyphi a 40 (8%), s. paratyphi b 5 (1%) and s. paratyphi c 3 (0.5%). in 1999-2000, the isolated strains were s. typhi 59 (98%) and s. paratyphi b 1 (1.5%). there was a 60.9% reduction in th ... | 2006 | 17333825 |
| typhoid fever: narrowing therapeutic options in india. | typhoid fever remains an important public health problem in india. one thousand four hundred fifty-eight blood cultures were screened, 178 grew out salmonella enterica serovar typhi. on agar dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) testing, 0.6% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 2% to cefotaxime and 1% to cefepime. nalidixic acid resistance was observed in 51% isolates, of which 98.9% had decreased susceptibility (mic > or = 0.125-4 microg/ml) to ciprofloxacin. one strain o ... | 2006 | 17333772 |
| culture-confirmed typhoid fever and pregnancy. | the relationship between pregnancy and typhoid fever is not well defined. the objective of this study was twofold: to assess the effect of the pregnant and postpartum host on typhoid disease expression, and to explore the relationship between typhoid fever and pregnancy outcome. | 2007 | 17321180 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella typhi and non-typhi in a hospital in eastern saudi arabia. | the objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella typhi and non-typhi at saudi aramco medical services organization (samso). we retrospectively identified isolates of s. typhi and non-typhi from january 1996 to december 2003. antimicrobial sensitivity and clinical data were collected and analyzed. a total of 266 distinct isolates of s. typhi and non- typhi were available for analysis. of the total isolates, 21.4% (n= 57) were s. typhi and 78.6% (n= 209) ... | 2007 | 17309853 |
| inhibitors of bacterial cystathionine beta-lyase: leads for new antimicrobial agents and probes of enzyme structure and function. | the biosynthesis of methionine is an attractive antibiotic target given its importance in protein and dna metabolism and its absence in mammals. we have performed a high-throughput screen of the methionine biosynthesis enzyme cystathionine beta-lyase (cbl) against a library of 50 000 small molecules and have identified several compounds that inhibit cbl enzyme activity in vitro. these hit molecules were of two classes: those that blocked cbl activity with mixed steady-state inhibition and those ... | 2007 | 17300162 |
| typhoid is over-reported in embu and nairobi, kenya. | the paper looks at the usefulness of the widal agglutination test in the context of variable normal antibody titres in two different populations in kenya, and in comparison to the blood culture method of diagnosis. it presents a prospective case-control study. we examined 846 blood cultures and an equal number of serum samples, and 782 stools from adults who presented at two study sites; kenyatta national hospital and one hospital and 3 clinics in embu district, with symptoms similar to typhoid. ... | 2004 | 17298127 |
| open study on efficacy and tolerability of ciprofloxacin xr compared with ciprofloxacin bid in the treatment of typhoid fever. | to compare the efficacy and tolerability of ciproflaxin extended-release and ciproflaxin intermediate release in the treatment of typhoid fever. | 2007 | 17297206 |
| the emergence of antibiotic resistance in typhoid fever. | typhoid fever, caused by salmonella typhi, causes over 20 million cases annually, with at least 700,000 deaths. the main burden of disease is in developing countries, particularly the indian subcontinent and south east asia. however, cases in returning travellers, immigrants and refugees in developed countries are not uncommon. drug resistance is fast becoming a major problem in the management of this infection. chloramphenicol resistance became established globally in the s.typhi population aft ... | 2004 | 17291961 |
| early detection of typhoid by polymerase chain reaction. | background: typhoid is a common problem in developing countries. cultivation of bacteria and serology (especially widal test) give unacceptable levels of false-negative and false-positive results, respectively. patients and methods: in this study, a recently introduced polymerase chain reaction-based technique (which has 100% specificity for salmonella typhi) was compared with blood culture and widal test during the first week of illness of 82 suspected cases of typhoid. results: the respective ... | 1999 | 17277535 |
| typhoid osteomyelitis of the spine is not "extremely rare". | 2007 | 17277402 | |
| synthesis, stereochemistry and antimicrobial evaluation of some n-morpholinoacetyl-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones. | in a search for new leads towards potent antimicrobial agents, an array of novel n-morpholinoacetyl-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones has been synthesized and their in vitro antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella typhi and antifungal activity against candida albicans, rhizopus sp., aspergillus niger and aspergillus flavus were evaluated. structure and stereochemistry of all the n-morpholinoacetyl-2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones have been ... | 2007 | 17275965 |
| evaluation of the growth inhibitory activities of triphala against common bacterial isolates from hiv infected patients. | the isolation of microbial agents less susceptible to regular antibiotics and the rising trend in the recovery rates of resistant bacteria highlights the need for newer alternative principles. triphala has been used in traditional medicine practice against certain diseases such as jaundice, fever, cough, eye diseases etc. in the present study phytochemical (phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid) and antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of triphala and its individual components ( ... | 2007 | 17273983 |
| infarction of spleen in typhoid fever. | ultrasonography and computed tomography scan with hypo echoic areas diagnosed a splenic infarction in a salmonella typhi infected 30-year-old man with painful hypochondrium and epigastrium. an antibiotic recipe of ceftriaxone and amikacin resulted in recovery. imaging techniques contribute remarkably to a rapid diagnosis and rational management of the extra intestinal lesions attributable to the salmonella typhi/paratyphi group of organisms. | 2007 | 17268709 |
| multidrug-resistant typhoid fever. | to study the epidemiological pattern, clinical picture, the recent trends of multidrug-resistant typhoid fever (mdrtf), and therapeutic response of ofloxacin and ceftriaxone in mdrtf. | 2007 | 17264451 |
| detection of salmonella typhi by nested polymerase chain reaction in blood, urine, and stool samples. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) specific for salmonella enterica serovar typhi was used for the detection of the pathogen in blood, urine, and stool samples from 131 patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever. the sensitivity of blood culture, the pcrs with blood, urine, and feces, and the widal test were 61.8%, 84.5%, 69.3%, 46.9%, and 39.0%, respectively. the sensitivity of the pcrs with blood (p < 0.001) and urine (p = 0.01) were significantly higher, and the sensitivity of th ... | 2007 | 17255243 |
| in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of metal-based furanyl derived sulfonamides. | a new series of antibacterial and antifungal furanyl-derived sulfonamides and their cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) metal complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against four gram-negative (escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella typhi) and two gram-positive (bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains and, for in-vitro antifungal activity against trichophyton l ... | 2006 | 17252952 |
| some bivalent metal complexes of schiff bases containing n and s donor atoms. | schiff bases have been synthesized by the reaction of p-nitrobenzaldehyde, o-nitrobenzaldehyde and p-toluyaldehyde with 4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole. the ligands react with co(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) metals to yield (1:1) and (1:2) [metal:ligand] complexes. elemental analyses, ir, 1h nmr, electronic spectral data, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductivity measurements and thermal studies have investigated the structure of the ligands and their metal complexes. the electronic s ... | 2006 | 17252949 |
| in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity of cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes with furanylmethyl- and thienylmethyl-dithiolenes: [1, 3-dithiole- 2-one and 1,3-dithiole-2-thione]. | some antibacterial and antifungal furanylmethyl-and thienylmethyl dithiolenes and, their co(ii), cu(ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four gram-negative; escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi and shigella flexeneri, and two gram-positive; bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains, and for in-vitro antifungal activity against trichophyton longifusus, candid ... | 2006 | 17252947 |
| ciprofloxacin therapy for typhoid fever needs reconsideration. | outbreaks of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhi in the indian subcontinent in the late 1980s resulted in the failure of conventional drugs, and ciprofloxacin became the firstline drug to treat enteric fever. however, reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, reported widely since 1994, has posed a therapeutic difficulty. the aim of the present work was to review the situation of drug resistance among s. enterica serotype typhi in central india from 1988 to 2005. a minimum inhi ... | 2007 | 17235649 |
| analysis of strategies to successfully vaccinate infants in developing countries against enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) disease. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is the most common bacterial cause of diarrhoea in the world, annually affecting up to 400,000,000 children under 5 years of age living in developing countries (dcs). although etec possesses numerous antigens, the relatively conserved colonization factor (cf) antigens and the heat labile enterotoxin (lt) have been associated with protection and most vaccine candidates have exploited these antigens. a safe and effective vaccine against etec is a feasible go ... | 2007 | 17224212 |
| synthesis and characterization of cobalt(ii), nickel(ii), copper(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes with schiff base derived from 4-amino-3-mercapto-6-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine. | a few (1:1) and (1:2) metal complexes of cobalt(ii), nickel(ii), copper(ii) and zinc(ii) have been isolated with ligand derived from the condensation of 4-amino-3-mercapto-6-methyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine with 2-acetylpyridine (l(1)) and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, infrared, electronic, (1)h nmr spectral data, magnetic and thermogravimetric analyses. due to insolubility in water and most of the common organic solvents and infusibility at higher temperatures, all ... | 2007 | 17224205 |
| organoiodine(iii) mediated synthesis of 3,9-diaryl- and 3,9-difuryl-bis-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a][4,3-c]pyrimidines as antibacterial agents. | nine 3,9-diaryl- and 3,9-difuryl-bis-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a][4,3-c]pyrimidines (3a-i) have been synthesized by the oxidation of bis-2,4-pyrimidinylhydrazones of various araldehydes and furfural with 2equiv of iodobenzene diacetate (ibd) in dichloromethane and tested in vitro for their antibacterial activity. three compounds, namely 3,9-di-(4'-fluorophenyl)-bis-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a][4,3-c]pyrimidine (3f), 3,9-di-(4'-nitrophenyl)-bis-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a][4,3-c]pyrimidine (3g) and 3,9-di-(5'-nitro-2 ... | 2007 | 17222483 |
| the inhibitory effect of garlic (allium sativum) on growth of some microorganisms. | the aim of the present study was to compare between the anti-microbial activity of fresh garlic bulbs and that of its water extract against the potent food pathogens staphylococcus aureus, esherichia coil, salmonella typhi and bacillus cereus. garlic segments with different concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10%) were used. another 100 gms of garlic segments were weighed and mixed with 100 ml distilled water to prepare water extract of garlic, then 1000, 500 and 100 microg/ml were prepared. these conce ... | 2003 | 17219900 |
| optimizing typhoid fever case definitions by combining serological tests in a large population study in hechi city, china. | blood culture-based diagnosis can only detect a fraction of the total burden of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi. the objective of the study was to detect additional typhoid fever cases through serological tests. a total of 1732 prolonged fever episodes were evaluated using three serological tests, widal, tubex and typhidot-m in a typhoid fever endemic area of southern china. a case definition which included a positive widal test (to>or=80 & th>a), a positive tubex test (>or=4) ... | 2007 | 17217551 |
| prevalence of antibiotic resistance among egyptian salmonella typhi strains. | this report describes the resistance of 537 salmonella typhi isolates identified in egypt between 1990-1994. results indicated a high isolation rate for multiple resistant s. typhi (> 71% of isolates collected in 1992-93), particularly to the three standard drug regimens of the clinically relevant antibiotics; ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. this adds to the complexity and difficulty of treating infections caused by these organisms. resistance of s. typhi was assoc ... | 1996 | 17217005 |