Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| cigarette smoke suppresses th1 cytokine production and increases rsv expression in a neonatal model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects approximately 90% of young children by the age of 2 yr, with peak rates occurring during 2-6 mo of age. exposure to side-stream cigarette smoke (ss) may increase the incidence or manifestation of an rsv infection. we hypothesized that exposure to ss would alter the subsequent immune response to rsv infection in neonatal mice. balb/c mice were exposed to air or 1.5 mg/m3 of ss from day (d) 1 up to 35 d of age. a subset was intranasally infected with 4x10( ... | 2006 | 16126789 |
| intragroup antigenic diversity of human respiratory syncytial virus (group a) isolated in argentina and chile. | the intragroup antigenic diversity of the g glycoprotein of 226 human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) strains isolated in buenos aires (argentina) and santiago (chile) between 1995 and 2002 was evaluated by elisa with a panel of 14 anti-g monoclonal antibodies (mabs). out of 226 strains characterized, 172 (76%) belonged to group a and 54 (24%) to group b. strains from both groups cocirculated throughout the study period in both countries, except in 1996, 2000, and 2002 when only group a strai ... | 2005 | 16121383 |
| pulmonary infections after bone marrow transplantation: high-resolution ct findings in 111 patients. | the purpose of this study was to review the high-resolution ct findings in patients with pulmonary infection after bone marrow transplantation and to determine distinguishing features among the various types of infection. | 2005 | 16120907 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-related bronchiolitis in puerto rico. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. immunoprophylaxis is available for high-risk infants. this study reviews infants with bronchiolitis at three primary care hospitals to describe the epidemiology of rsv infection in puerto rico. | 2005 | 16116931 |
| new generation live vaccines against human respiratory syncytial virus designed by reverse genetics. | development of a live pediatric vaccine against human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is complicated by the need to immunize young infants and the difficulty in balancing attenuation and immunogenicity. the ability to introduce desired mutations into infectious virus by reverse genetics provides a method for identifying and designing highly defined attenuating mutations. these can be introduced in combinations as desired to achieve gradations of attenuation. attenuation is based on several str ... | 2005 | 16113487 |
| cytokines and respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a single-stranded negative sense rna virus in the paramyxovirus family that is a major cause of morbidity and life-threatening lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. rsv is recognized as a ubiquitous virus having considerable worldwide disease burden. studies investigating the immune response and disease pathogenesis associated with infection attribute the interplay of the virus with host factors, particularly cytokines and c ... | 2005 | 16113483 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and t cells: interplay between the virus and the host adaptive immune system. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of morbidity in young infants and is increasingly recognized as an important cause of serious illness/morbidity in the elderly. this agent has also been implicated both in the etiopathogenesis of asthma/airway hyperreactivity and in the exacerbation of wheezing episodes in individuals with asthma. this review deals with our current knowledge of the host adaptive immune response to rsv, focusing on the interaction of the virus with t lymphocytes. ... | 2005 | 16113482 |
| antiviral immune responses and lung inflammation after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the commonest and most troublesome viruses of infancy. it causes most cases of bronchiolitis, which is associated with wheezing in later childhood. in primary infection, the peak of disease coincides not with the peak of viral replication but with the development of specific t and b cell responses. this immune response is apparently responsible for much of the disease. animal models clearly show that a range of immune responses can enhance disease seve ... | 2005 | 16113479 |
| pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the murine model. | there is a wide spectrum of illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection that is caused in large part by host-related factors, such as age of the patient and degree of host immunocompetency. although the vast majority of persons infected with rsv experience symptoms of mild upper respiratory tract infection, in some people these infections cause significant morbidity and are sometimes fatal. although a great deal of investigation in both humans and animals has explained the timi ... | 2005 | 16113477 |
| antiviral efficacy of vp14637 against respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and in cotton rats following delivery by small droplet aerosol. | vp14637, the lead compound in a series of substituted bis-tetrazole-benzhydrylphenols developed by viropharma incorporated, was evaluated for antiviral efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in vitro in cell culture and in vivo in cotton rats. a selective index of >3000 (> or =2000 times greater than that observed for ribavirin) was determined in the in vitro studies for this compound against both rsv a and b subtypes. in cotton rats, animals given as little as 126 microg drug/kg by ... | 2005 | 16112208 |
| acute bronchiolitis in infancy as risk factor for wheezing and reduced pulmonary function by seven years in akershus county, norway. | acute viral bronchiolitis is one of the most common causes of hospitalisation during infancy in our region with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) historically being the major causative agent. many infants with early-life rsv bronchiolitis have sustained bronchial hyperreactivity for many years after hospitalisation and the reasons for this are probably multifactorial. the principal aim of the present study was to investigate if children hospitalised for any acute viral bronchiolitis during infan ... | 2005 | 16109158 |
| characterization of viral agents causing acute respiratory infection in a san francisco university medical center clinic during the influenza season. | with use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and a centrifugation-enhanced viral culture method, we characterized the viruses causing acute respiratory infection in adults during an influenza season. | 2005 | 16107980 |
| rehospitalization of extremely low birth weight (elbw) infants: are there racial/ethnic disparities? | premature infants are at increased risk for rehospitalization after discharge from the hospital. racial disparities are known to exist in pediatric health care. | 2005 | 16107873 |
| leukotriene synthesis during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: influence of age and atopy. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants and an important risk factor for the development of recurrent wheezing and asthma. cysteinyl leukotrienes were implicated in the pathophysiology of these diseases, and are being targeted for their diagnosis and therapy. we measured urinary leukotriene e4 (lte4) in infants with rsv bronchiolitis in comparison with controls without respiratory infection, and investigated whether medical and family hist ... | 2005 | 16106356 |
| urine leukotriene e and eosinophil cationic protein in nasopharyngeal aspiration from young wheezy children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a risk factor for the development of asthma. it is very hard to distinguish bronchiolitis with respiratory virus infection from allergic asthma at first wheezing attack in early childhood. to distinguish wheezing children with rsv bronchiolitis from asthmatic children, we measured leukotriene e(4)(lte(4)) in urine and ecp in nasopharyngeal aspiration (npa) at first day of admission with wheezing attack. thirty-two non-atopic children younger than th ... | 2005 | 16101934 |
| hospitalization for rsv bronchiolitis before 12 months of age and subsequent asthma, atopy and wheeze: a longitudinal birth cohort study. | several epidemiological studies have reported recurrent wheezing and asthma in children after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infancy. the relationship with allergic sensitization is less clear and recent evidence suggests an interaction between atopy and rsv infection in the development of asthma. data from a large, population-based, birth-cohort (avon longitudinal study of parents and children) were used to compare outcomes of children according to whether or not they had be ... | 2005 | 16101930 |
| oxygen radicals in inflammation and allergy related to viral infections. | oxygen radicals including superoxide anion (o(2)(-)) and nitric oxide (no) are involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases induced by viral infection. in this review, we focus on the role of oxygen radicals in allergic inflammation such as bronchial asthma induced by viral infection--specifically, with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this infection in early childhood is a risk factor for development of wheezing, significant decreases in pulmonary function, and increases in airway reactivit ... | 2005 | 16101528 |
| evaluation of viral and mammalian promoters for use in gene delivery to salivary glands. | to optimize vectors for salivary gland gene transfer, we screened viral [cytomegalovirus (cmv; human immediate early), rous sarcoma virus (rsv), simian virus 40, and moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat] and mammalian [elongation factor 1alpha (ef1alpha), cytokeratin 18 (k18), cytokeratin 19 (k19), kallikrein (kall), and amylase (amy), all human, and rat aquaporin-5 (raqp5), and derivative elements] promoters driving luciferase activity in vitro and in vivo. in adenoviral vectors, ... | 2005 | 16099414 |
| the balance between influenza- and rsv-specific cd4 t cells secreting il-10 or ifngamma in young and healthy-elderly subjects. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus cause severe disease in elderly patients. the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be critical in determining disease pathogenesis and outcome of infection. the frequencies of cd4 il-10 (anti-inflammatory)- and cd4 and cd8 ifngamma (pro-inflammatory)-secreting memory t cells specific for either rsv or influenza were not significantly different between young and elderly groups, although the ratio of il-10/ifngamma was significan ... | 2005 | 16098562 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory infections in yemen. | a survey of 604 yemeni children younger than 2 years with acute respiratory infections identified respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in 244 (40%), human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in 41 (7%) and rsv/hmpv coinfection in 25 (4%) children. rsv infections occurred in younger children and were associated with more severe hypoxia than observed with hmpv. both viruses are important causes of severe acute respiratory infection in yemen. | 2005 | 16094233 |
| immunoglobulin heavy g2 chain (ighg2) gene restriction in the development of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a prominent cause of airway morbidity in children under 1 y of age. it is assumed that host factors influence the severity of disease presentation, and thus the need for hospitalization. the variation of ighg genes from chromosome 14q32 are linked to serum igg subclass levels but also to the variations in igg responses to pneumococcal, meningococcal and haemophilus influenzae antigens. the aim of this investigation was to clarify whether ighg genes are involv ... | 2005 | 16092453 |
| the clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus: lower respiratory tract infection after upper respiratory tract infection due to influenza virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus are the primary pathogens of respiratory tract infection. however, epidemics of influenza virus infection have been observed to interrupt rsv epidemics (termed an epidemiological interference effect). | 2005 | 16091079 |
| safety and efficacy of palivizumab prophylaxis in children with congenital heart disease. | infants with congenital heart diseases (chd) are at high risk for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, which causes severe respiratory distress. palivizumab, an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody, was licensed in the usa, europe and canada, and a large-scale placebo-controlled double-blind test in these countries confirmed its efficacy and safety. a survey using questionnaires to assess usage, prophylactic efficacy, and safety of palivizumab in japanese infants and young children with chd was ... | 2005 | 16091076 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection: an emerging or unappreciated infection? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a ubiquitous cause of respiratory infection with a worldwide distribution and seasonal occurrence. natural immunity does not normally follow infection, and reinfection is the rule. reinfection may even occur within a single season. although its role in serious lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infants is well recognized, the importance of rsv in disease of older children, adults and, especially in the elderly, is poorly appreciated. in large surveil ... | 2000 | 16088741 |
| infections and asthma. | infections have a variety of influences in the asthmatic patient. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of wheezing illnesses in children under the age of 2 years and may be a risk factor for the inception of asthma in the first decade of life. once asthma has become recognized clinically, rhinovirus is the leading cause of acute asthma exacerbations in adults and older children. certain respiratory infections may induce chronic lower airway inflammation that may contribute ... | 2002 | 16088627 |
| teenage asthma after severe early childhood wheezing: an 11-year prospective follow-up. | the role of factors related to early wheezing and their associations with subsequent development of asthma are controversial. we reevaluated 81 children who had been prospectively followed up since hospitalization for wheezing at less than 2 years of age. the baseline data on characteristics of the children, family-related factors, and viral causes of wheezing were collected on entry into the study. at the median age of 12.3 years, current symptoms suggestive of asthma and allergy were recorded. ... | 2005 | 16082689 |
| 2-5a antisense treatment of respiratory syncytial virus. | although a prominent cause of upper and lower respiratory tract disease in infants and the elderly, clinical options for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections remain limited. historically, attempts to develop vaccines have been unsuccessful, and rapid viral mutation rates have stifled development of several small molecule-based antiviral agents. thus, targeted approaches to block rsv replication, including humanized monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acid-based strategies (ant ... | 2005 | 16081320 |
| effects of rsv infection on pulmonary surfactant protein sp-a in cultured human type ii cells: contrasting consequences on sp-a mrna and protein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of serious lower respiratory illness in infants and children. surfactant proteins a (sp-a) and d (sp-d) play critical roles in lung defense against rsv infections. alterations in surfactant protein homeostasis in the lung may result from changes in production, metabolism, or uptake of the protein within the lung. we hypothesized that rsv infection of the type ii cell, the primary source of surfactant protein, may alter surfactant prot ... | 2005 | 16055477 |
| a chimeric respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein functionally replaces the f and hn glycoproteins in recombinant sendai virus. | entry of most paramyxoviruses is accomplished by separate attachment and fusion proteins that function in a cooperative manner. because of this close interdependence, it was not possible with most paramyxoviruses to replace either of the two protagonists by envelope glycoproteins from related paramyxoviruses. by using reverse genetics of sendai virus (sev), we demonstrate that chimeric respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion proteins containing either the cytoplasmic domain of the sev fusion pr ... | 2005 | 16051839 |
| activity and regulation of alpha interferon in respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus experimental infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) cause a similar spectrum of respiratory infections in humans. classified within the paramyxoviridae family, pneumovirinae subfamily, rsv and hmpv present a significant degree of divergence in genome constellation, organization, and protein sequences. rsv has been reported to be a poor inducer of alpha/beta interferons (ifn-alpha/beta) and partially resistant to its antiviral activity. the nature of the innate immune response to h ... | 2005 | 16051812 |
| few but severe viral infections in children with cancer: a prospective rt-pcr and pcr-based 12-month study. | treatment of low-risk febrile episodes with oral administered antibiotics at home is a new approach in pediatric oncology and protective isolation is loosened in more centers. the impact of viral respiratory infections in febrile diseases in this population is still unclear in terms of occurrence and morbidity. | 2005 | 16047356 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is now recognised as a significant problem in elderly adults. epidemiological evidence indicates the impact of rsv in older adults may be similar to non-pandemic influenza, both in the community and in long-term care facilities. attack rates in nursing homes are approximately 5-10% per year with significant rates of pneumonia (10-20%) and death (2-5%). estimates using us health care databases and viral surveillance results over a 9-year period indicate ... | 2005 | 16038573 |
| recombinant sendai virus as a novel vaccine candidate for respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is among the most important and serious pediatric respiratory diseases, and yet after more than four decades of research an effective vaccine is still unavailable. this review examines the role of the immune response in reducing disease severity; considers the history of rsv vaccine development; and advocates the potential utility of sendai virus (a murine paramyxovirus) as a xenogenic vaccine vector for the delivery of rsv antigens. the immunogenicity and prote ... | 2005 | 16035938 |
| the enhancement or prevention of airway hyperresponsiveness during reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus is critically dependent on the age at first infection and il-13 production. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in early life is suspected to play a role in the development of post-bronchiolitis wheezing and asthma. reinfection is common at all ages, but factors that determine the development of altered airway function after reinfection are not well understood. this study was conducted in a mouse model to define the role of age in determining the consequences on airway function after reinfection. mice were infected shortly after birth or at weaning and were rein ... | 2005 | 16034131 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus genome by subgroups-a, b specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). | annual seasonal outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection occur every winter. most patients are diagnosed clinically by a rapid detection kit for rsv protein(s) from nasopharyngeal secretion (nps), but some problems have been reported on the specificity and sensitivity of such rapid detection kits. to ratify these issues, a sensitive, specific, simple, and rapid molecular based diagnostic method is expected to be introduced and we have developed a method to detect the rsv genome o ... | 2005 | 16032744 |
| thrombocytosis at an early stage of respiratory tract viral infection. | to determine whether thrombocytosis, a platelet count of more than 500 x 10(9)/l, occurs at an early stage of respiratory tract viral infection. | 2005 | 16028657 |
| detection and localization of rice stripe virus gene products in vivo. | the genome of the tenuivirus, rice stripe virus (rsv) comprises four rnas, the smallest three of which each contain two open reading frames (orfs) arranged in an ambisense manner. the expression of the orfs from rnas 2-4 in plants and the insect vector, laodelphax striatellus, was studied using antisera raised against the gene products. in western blotting of the proteins from infected plants, the molecular masses of p2, p3, pc3 (nucleocapsid protein, n) and p4 (major non-structural protein, ncp ... | 2005 | 16025247 |
| nucleic acid binding property of the gene products of rice stripe virus. | gst fusion proteins of the six gene products from rnas 2,3 and 4 of the tenuivirus, rice stripe virus (rsv), were used to study the nucleic acid binding activities in vitro. three of the proteins, p3, pc3 and pc4, bound both single- and double-stranded cdna of rsv rna4 and also rna3 transcribed from its cdna clone, while p2, pc2-n (the n-terminal part of pc2) nor p4 bound the cdna or rna transcript. the binding activity of p3 is located in the carboxyl-terminus amino acid 154-194, which contains ... | 2005 | 16025246 |
| [an epidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus infection in yokohama, japan for five years]. | the epidemiologic features of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were investigated by detecting the virus in throat swab specimens from patients with acute respiratory symptoms attending the sentinel surveillance clinics in yokohama city in 5 seasons from july 1998 to june 2003. throughout the 5 seasons, rsv was found from 181 in 2683 specimens tested (6.7%) by virus isolation in cell culture or genome detection using nested rt-pcr, and this detection rate followed that of influenza vir ... | 2005 | 16022475 |
| immune responses and disease enhancement during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the commonest and most troublesome viruses of infancy. it causes most cases of bronchiolitis, which is associated with wheezing in later childhood. in primary infection, the peak of disease typically coincides with the development of specific t- and b-cell responses, which seem, in large part, to be responsible for disease. animal models clearly show that a range of immune responses can enhance disease severity, particularly after vaccination with form ... | 2005 | 16020689 |
| carriers for the delivery of a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children and the elderly. despite its clinical importance, there is no licensed vaccine available at present. vaccine development has been hampered by observations of increased pathology after rsv infection in infants vaccinated with formalin-inactivated rsv; incomplete immunity following natural infection; and the need to be effective during the neonatal period when levels of maternal antibody are high. f ... | 2005 | 16018739 |
| expression of interleukin-4 by recombinant respiratory syncytial virus is associated with accelerated inflammation and a nonfunctional cytotoxic t-lymphocyte response following primary infection but not following challenge with wild-type virus. | the outcome of a viral infection or of immunization with a vaccine can be influenced by the local cytokine environment. in studies of experimental vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an increased stimulation of th2 (t helper 2) lymphocytes was associated with increased immunopathology upon subsequent rsv infection. for this study, we investigated the effect of increased local expression of the th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (il-4) from the genome of a recombinant rsv following primar ... | 2005 | 16014914 |
| the beta2 integrin cd11c distinguishes a subset of cytotoxic pulmonary t cells with potent antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo. | the integrin cd11c is known as a marker for dendritic cells and has recently been described on t cells following lymphotropic choriomeningitis virus infection, a systemic infection affecting a multitude of organs. here, we characterise cd11c bearing t cells in a murine model of localised pulmonary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2005 | 16011799 |
| symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in previously healthy young adults living in a crowded military environment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a potentially important cause of acute respiratory illness in many populations, including military recruits receiving basic training. understanding the full impact of rsv infection is challenging because of difficulties in diagnosis and the limitations of past epidemiologic studies. in this study, we set out to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of rsv infection and infection caused by other common viral agents in a population of ... | 2005 | 16007526 |
| sequence variation can affect the performance of minor groove binder taqman probes in viral diagnostic assays. | a minor groove binder (mgb) taqman real-time pcr assay was developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in clinical specimens. upon evaluation of the assay, notable differences were observed in the overall fluorescent response obtained from rsv positive specimens, with some linear amplification curves deviating only slightly from baseline fluorescence. sequencing of the probes targets in these rsv strains revealed single base mismatches with the mgb taqman probe. overall, the ... | 2006 | 16002331 |
| frequency of detection of picornaviruses and seven other respiratory pathogens in infants. | previous studies in which molecular-based techniques have been used to identify the causative pathogens of respiratory tract infection have investigated hospitalized children only. we report a prospective study designed to determine the frequency and clinical presentation of community-acquired respiratory illness in infancy associated with 8 common respiratory pathogens. | 2005 | 15999002 |
| single versus dual respiratory virus infections in hospitalized infants: impact on clinical course of disease and interferon-gamma response. | dual respiratory viral infections are frequently associated with lower respiratory tract illness in infants. this study aimed to determine the impact of a dual respiratory viral infection on specific aspects of the infant's immune response and the clinical course of illness. | 2005 | 15999001 |
| clinical impact of community-acquired respiratory viruses on bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplant. | community-acquired viral respiratory tract infections (rti) in lung transplant recipients may have a high rate of progression to pneumonia and can be a trigger for immunologically mediated detrimental effects on lung function. a cohort of 100 patients was enrolled from 2001 to 2003 in which 50 patients had clinically diagnosed viral rti and 50 were asymptomatic. all patients had nasopharyngeal and throat swabs taken for respiratory virus antigen detection, culture and rt-pcr. all patients had pu ... | 2005 | 15996256 |
| respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural proteins ns1 and ns2 mediate inhibition of stat2 expression and alpha/beta interferon responsiveness. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subverts the antiviral interferon (ifn) response, but the mechanism for this evasion was unclear. here we show that rsv preferentially inhibits ifn-alpha/beta signaling by expression of viral ns1 and ns2. thus, rsv infection or expression of recombinant ns1 and ns2 in epithelial host cells causes a marked decrease in stat2 levels and the consequent downstream ifn-alpha/beta response. similarly, ns1/ns2-deficient rsv no longer decreases stat2 levels or ifn respon ... | 2005 | 15994826 |
| heterologous late-domain sequences have various abilities to promote budding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | retroviral late (l) domains present within gag act in conjunction with cellular proteins to efficiently release virions from the surface of the cell. three different critical core sequences have been identified as required elements for l-domain function: pppy, ptap (also psap), and ypdl, with different retroviruses utilizing one or two of these core sequences. the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) l domain is centered around a ptap sequence in the p6 region of gag. to assess the abilit ... | 2005 | 15994797 |
| respiratory syncytial virus influences nf-kappab-dependent gene expression through a novel pathway involving map3k14/nik expression and nuclear complex formation with nf-kappab2. | a member of the paramyxoviridae family of rna viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), is a leading cause of epidemic respiratory tract infection in children. in children, rsv primarily replicates in the airway mucosa, a process that alters epithelial cell chemokine expression, thereby inducing airway inflammation. we investigated the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14/nf-kappab-inducing kinase (nik) in the activation of nf-kappab-dependent genes in alveolus-like a5 ... | 2005 | 15994789 |
| detailed mapping of the nuclear export signal in the rous sarcoma virus gag protein. | the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) gag polyprotein undergoes transient nuclear trafficking as an intrinsic part of the virus assembly pathway. nuclear export of gag is crucial for the efficient production of viral particles and is accomplished through the action of a leptomycin b (lmb)-dependent nuclear export signal (nes) in the p10 domain (l. z. scheifele, r. a. garbitt, j. d. rhoads, and l. j. parent, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 99:3944-3949, 2002). we have now mapped the nuclear export activity to ... | 2005 | 15994767 |
| the therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus. | attempts to develop a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children, have been unsuccessful. passive immunisation with antibody to rsv has been found to be an effective alternative method for prophylaxis. the product currently in use for rsv passive immunisation, a preparation of purified human igg containing virus-neutralising activity, requires monthly iv. infusions. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are currently ... | 1998 | 15992030 |
| [influenza virus infections in infants aged less than two years old]. | influenza is a major cause of respiratory tract illness in infants. the clinical characteristics of these infections are non-specific and the burden of influenza is frequently underestimated in very young children. the objective of this study was to describe confirmed influenza infections in infants < 2 years attended in a level ii public hospital. a second-rate aim was to compare influenza infections in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus (vrs) infection in the same population ... | 2005 | 15989867 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children hospitalized for wheezing: virus-specific studies from infancy to preschool years. | to evaluate whether the presence of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in early childhood is associated with later asthma, and to evaluate a new diagnostic test for rsv, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), comparing it to the antigen and antibody assays initially used in rsv diagnostics in the present cohort. | 2005 | 15981748 |
| [the clinical usefulness of a newly rapid diagnosis kit, detection of respiratory syncytial virus]. | immunocard stat! rsv (meridian bioscience, inc, usa) is a rapid immunoassay method newly developed for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by immunochromatography. we carried out an evaluation of the immunocard stat! rsv. one hundred fifty-nine nasal wash samples and nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients were used to evaluate three different kits, which are immunocard stat! rsv, rsv testpack (abbott japan) and directigen ez rsv (nippon becton, dickinson and company) . one hundred twe ... | 2005 | 15977566 |
| formalin-inactivated bovine rsv vaccine influences antibody levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and disease outcome in experimentally infected calves. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in calves and human infants. in response to outbreaks, formalin inactivated (fi)-rsv vaccines were developed and found to exacerbate disease following a live rsv infection. we have reproduced vaccination induced disease enhancement in calves and screened various antibody isotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) from two studies: one with disease enhancement and another where moderate protection resulted from fi-bovine rsv ... | 2005 | 15967545 |
| economic impact of community-acquired and nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections in young children in germany. | data on the economic burden of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in young children are lacking in germany. the objective of the cost-of-illness study was to estimate the economic impact of community-acquired lrti and nosocomial lrti as well as of infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza viruses (piv) and influenza viruses (iv). the economic analysis is part of the pride study, a prospective, multi-centre, population-based epidemiological study on the impact of l ... | 2005 | 15965766 |
| mortality in children from influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. | to quantify mortality attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children. | 2005 | 15965143 |
| interaction between the respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein cytoplasmic domain and the matrix protein. | paramyxovirus assembly at the cell membrane requires the movement of viral components to budding sites and envelopment of nucleocapsids by cellular membranes containing viral glycoproteins, facilitated by interactions with the matrix protein. the specific protein interactions during assembly of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are unknown. here, the postulated interaction between the rsv matrix protein (m) and g glycoprotein (g) was investigated. partial co-localization of m with g was demonstr ... | 2005 | 15958665 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of albuterol enantiomers during respiratory syncytial virus infection in rats. | every year in the united states, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in infants and young children cause more than 120,000 hospitalizations, often complicated by the need for mechanical ventilation; yet no effective therapy is currently available for this disease. we showed previously that rsv infection is associated with neurogenic inflammation in the lower respiratory tract. in the present study, we sought to determine whether aerosolized beta(2)-receptor agonists inhibit neurogenic-m ... | 2005 | 15957175 |
| growth of respiratory syncytial virus in primary epithelial cells from the human respiratory tract. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children. to study rsv replication, we have developed an in vitro model of human nasopharyngeal mucosa, human airway epithelium (hae). rsv grows to moderate titers in hae, though they are significantly lower than those in a continuous epithelial cell line, hep-2. in hae, rsv spreads over time to form focal collections of infected cells causing minimal cytopathic effect. unlike hep-2 ce ... | 2005 | 15956607 |
| real-time detection of virus particles and viral protein expression with two-color nanoparticle probes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) mediates serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children and is a significant pathogen of the elderly and immune compromised. rapid and sensitive rsv diagnosis is important to infection control and efforts to develop antiviral drugs. current rsv detection methods are limited by sensitivity and/or time required for detection. in this study, we show that antibody-conjugated nanoparticles rapidly and sensitively detect rsv and estimate relativ ... | 2005 | 15956604 |
| the cysteine-rich region of respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein inhibits innate immunity elicited by the virus and endotoxin. | the attachment protein (glycoprotein) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has long been associated with disease potentiation and respiratory symptoms. the glycoprotein has a conserved cysteine-rich region (gcrr) whose function is unknown and which is not necessary for efficient viral replication. in this report, we show that the gcrr is a powerful inhibitor of the innate immune response against rsv, and that early secretion of glycoprotein is critical to modulate inflammation after rsv infectio ... | 2005 | 15956195 |
| efficient gene transfer into mouse embryonic stem cells with adenovirus vectors. | efficient and transient gene transfer into embryonic stem (es) cells is expected to be of use for basic studies in developmental biology and for applications in regenerative medicine. here, we report the development of an adenovirus (ad) vector that efficiently expresses foreign genes in mouse es (mes) cells. we prepared four lacz-expressing ad vectors, each of which contained one of the following: rous sarcoma virus (rsv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), beta-actin promoter/cmv enhancer (ca), or ef-1alp ... | 2005 | 15950541 |
| b-cell depletion inhibits arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis (cia) model, but does not adversely affect humoral responses in a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccination model. | we report the development of a mouse b cell-depleting immunoconjugate (anti-cd22 monoclonal antibody [mab] conjugated to calicheamicin) and its in vivo use to characterize the kinetics of cd22+ b-cell depletion and reconstitution in murine primary and secondary lymphoid tissues. the effect of b-cell depletion was further studied in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (cia) model and a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccination model. our results show that (1) the immunoconjugate has b-cell-sp ... | 2005 | 15947095 |
| il-7 receptor alpha chain expression distinguishes functional subsets of virus-specific human cd8+ t cells. | virus-specific cd8+ t cells emerge after infection with herpesviruses and maintain latency to these persistent pathogens. it has been demonstrated that murine memory cd8+ t-cell precursors specific for acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus express interleukin-7 receptor alpha (il-7ralpha), and il-7 is involved in maintaining memory populations after the clearance of antigen. to investigate whether human cd8+ t cells reactive toward persistent viruses are maintained similarly, we analyzed il-7 ... | 2005 | 15947093 |
| a cmv-actin-globin hybrid promoter improves adeno-associated viral vector gene expression in the arterial wall in vivo. | adeno-associated virus (aav) vectors are attractive tools for direct intralumenal arterial gene transfer in interventional cardiology or cardiovascular surgery, but clinical application has been constrained by poor gene expression in this setting. | 2005 | 15945122 |
| respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis in immunocompromised adults: clinical features and outcome. | though predominantly an infection of children, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) also infects adults, particularly those with immune compromise. | 2005 | 15942295 |
| evidence for an association between heat shock protein 70 and the respiratory syncytial virus polymerase complex within lipid-raft membranes during virus infection. | in this report, the interaction between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) was examined. although no significant increase in total hsp70 protein levels was observed during virus infection, analysis of the hsp70 content in lipid-raft membranes from mock- and virus-infected cells revealed an increase in the levels of raft-associated hsp70 during virus infection. fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that this transport of hsp70 into lipid-raft membranes correlated w ... | 2005 | 15936795 |
| interleukin-8 mrna synthesis and protein secretion are continuously up-regulated by respiratory syncytial virus persistently infected cells. | the aim of this study was to investigate whether respiratory syncytial virus persistence regulates interleukin 8 (il-8) mrna synthesis and protein secretion in a human lung epithelial cell line (a549). therefore, we established rsv persistence in these cells (a549per) and determined the levels of interleukin-8 mrna by rt-pcr and of protein through elisa. interleukin-8 mrna synthesis and protein secretion were continuously up-regulated in a549per cells during passages and in a549 cells that had b ... | 2005 | 15936741 |
| co-immunization of balb/c mice with recombinant immunogens containing g protein fragment and chimeric ctl epitope of respiratory syncytial virus induces enhanced cellular immunity and high level of antibody response. | with the goal to develop effective immunogens against infection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), vectors co-expressing chimeric ctl epitope or g protein fragment of rsv with carrier protein dsba (disulfide bond isomerase) were constructed. the capacity of the expressed recombinant immunogens to induce cellular and humoral immunities were evaluated. it was demonstrated that the presence of g protein fragment was able to enhance the ctl activities induced by the chimeric ctl epitope, though g ... | 2005 | 15935522 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and neutrophil activation. | respiratory syncytial virus infects almost all children by 2 years of age. neutrophils are the predominant airway leucocytes in rsv bronchiolitis and they are activated in the presence of infection. however it is not clear whether rsv can directly signal to activate neutrophil cytotoxic function. to investigate this we have used a preparation of rsv washed using a new centrifugal diafiltration method to rapidly remove inflammatory molecules produced by the epithelial cells used to propagate the ... | 2005 | 15932508 |
| the impact of severe respiratory syncytial virus on the child, caregiver, and family during hospitalization and recovery. | to quantify the magnitude of child, caregiver, and family distress associated with hospitalization for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the posthospitalization recovery period. | 2005 | 15930214 |
| climatic factors and lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalised infants in northern spain. | to analyse the influence of climatic factors on the number of hospitalised infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) per week. | 2005 | 15921045 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in adults with and without respiratory illness. | reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) is a powerful tool that allows the detection of minute quantities of viral rna. because of the sensitivity of these assays it is possible that the finding of viral rna indicates not only active infection but also transient colonization or residual nucleic acid from a distant infection. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are two viruses for which rt-pcr is now frequently used for diagnosis in adult disease. | 2006 | 15919236 |
| small molecules vp-14637 and jnj-2408068 inhibit respiratory syncytial virus fusion by similar mechanisms. | here we present data on the mechanism of action of vp-14637 and jnj-2408068 (formerly r-170591), two small-molecule inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). both inhibitors exhibited potent antiviral activity with 50% effective concentrations (ec50s) of 1.4 and 2.1 nm, respectively. a similar inhibitory effect was observed in a rsv-mediated cell fusion assay (ec50=5.4 and 0.9 nm, respectively). several drug-resistant rsv variants were selected in vitro in the presence of each compound. a ... | 2005 | 15917547 |
| identification of an h-2d(b)-restricted cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitope in the matrix protein of respiratory syncytial virus. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) play a significant role in the clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in humans and mice. identification of class i mhc-restricted ctl epitopes is critical in elucidating mechanisms of ctl responses against viral infections. however, only four h-2d-restricted epitopes have been reported in mice. because of the diversity of transgenic and knockout mice available to study immune responses, new epitopes in additional strains of mice must be identified ... | 2005 | 15916793 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced acute and chronic airway disease is independent of genetic background: an experimental murine model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading respiratory viral pathogen in young children worldwide. rsv disease is associated with acute airway obstruction (ao), long-term airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr), and chronic lung inflammation. using two different mouse strains, this study was designed to determine whether rsv disease patterns are host-dependent. c57bl/6 and balb/c mice were inoculated with rsv and followed for 77 days. rsv loads were measured by plaque assay and polymerase chain r ... | 2005 | 15916706 |
| antigen-dependent proliferation and cytokine induction in respiratory syncytial virus-infected cotton rats reflect the presence of effector-memory t cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower airway disease in infants and children. immunity to rsv is not long lasting, resulting in re-occurring infections throughout life. effective long-lived immunity results when central-memory t cells that proliferate vigorously and secrete il-2 are present. in contrast, effector-memory t cells that mainly produce ifn-gamma, facilitate virus clearance but are not long lived. to identify the type of memory response induced after rsv-a (long) ... | 2005 | 15914224 |
| the burden of pneumonia in children: an australian perspective. | the burden of pneumonia in australian children is significant with an incidence of 5-8 per 1000 person-years. pneumonia is a major cause of hospital admission in children less than 5 years of age. indigenous children are at particular risk with a 10-20-fold higher risk of hospitalisation compared to non-indigenous children. they also have longer admissions and are more likely to have multiple admissions with pneumonia. there are limited data on pathogen-specific causes of pneumonia, however stre ... | 2005 | 15911454 |
| the burden of pneumonia in children: an asian perspective. | pneumonia results in two million deaths each year among children worldwide (20% of all child deaths), 70% of them in africa and south-east asia. most countries in africa and asia record 2-10 times more children with pneumonia (7-40/100 annually) than in the usa. apart from resource constraints and an overburdened health system, there is lack of uniformity in defining pneumonia. most nations employ a who standard case management protocol using age-specific cut-offs for increased respiratory rates ... | 2005 | 15911453 |
| the burden of pneumonia in children in the developed world. | there are few comprehensive epidemiological studies of pneumonia in the developed world. ascertainment and definition are important variables in the estimation of pneumonia incidence both in primary care and from hospital data. the available figures suggest a burden of disease in the order of 10-15 cases/1000 children per year and a hospital admission rate of 1-4/1000 per year. both incidence and hospital admission are greatest in the youngest children and rapidly fall after the age of 5 years. ... | 2005 | 15911451 |
| high affinity nucleocapsid protein binding to the mupsi rna packaging signal of rous sarcoma virus. | the genomes of all retroviruses contain sequences near their 5' ends that interact with the nucleocapsid domains (nc) of assembling gag proteins and direct their packaging into virus particles. retroviral packaging signals often occur in non-contiguous segments spanning several hundred nucleotides of the rna genome, confounding structural and mechanistic studies of genome packaging. recently, a relatively short, 82 nucleotide region of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) genome, called mupsi, was shown ... | 2005 | 15907938 |
| ultra-potent antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus: effects of binding kinetics and binding valence on viral neutralization. | we describe here the selection of ultra-potent anti-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antibodies for preventing rsv infection. a large number of antibody variants derived from synagis (palivizumab), an anti-rsv monoclonal antibody that targets rsv f protein, were generated by a directed evolution approach that allowed convenient manipulation of the binding kinetics. palivizumab variants with about 100-fold slower dissociation rates or with fivefold faster association rates were identified and te ... | 2005 | 15907931 |
| rehospitalisations for respiratory disease and respiratory syncytial virus infection in preterm infants of 29-36 weeks gestational age. | to evaluate rates of rehospitalisation due to respiratory illness in preterm infants of 29-36 weeks gestation without chronic lung disease. | 2005 | 15907547 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of human lung endothelial cells enhances selectively intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is worldwide the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants requiring hospitalization. in the present study, we supply evidence that human lung microvascular endothelial cells, human pulmonary lung aorta endothelial cells, and huvec are target cells for productive rsv infection. all three rsv-infected endothelial cell types showed an enhanced cell surface expression of icam-1 (cd54), which increased in a time- and rsv-dose-dependent manner. by ... | 2005 | 15905583 |
| role for innate ifns in determining respiratory syncytial virus immunopathology. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of severe lower airway disease in infants and young children, but no safe and effective rsv vaccine is yet available. the difficulties involved in rsv vaccine development were recognized in an early vaccine trial, when children immunized with a formalin-inactivated virus preparation experienced enhanced illness after natural infection. subsequent research in animal models has shown that the vaccine-enhanced disease is mediated at least in part ... | 2005 | 15905569 |
| influence of viral infection on the development of nasal hypersensitivity. | the underlying relationship between viral infections and allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract has not been well clarified. | 2005 | 15898993 |
| persistence of rhinovirus rna after asthma exacerbation in children. | rhinoviruses (rvs) are believed to cause most asthma exacerbations but their role in the severity of acute asthma and subsequent recovery of airway function is not defined. the importance of atopy in virus-host interactions is also not clear. | 2005 | 15898992 |
| a throat lozenge containing amyl meta cresol and dichlorobenzyl alcohol has a direct virucidal effect on respiratory syncytial virus, influenza a and sars-cov. | a potent virucidal mixture containing amyl metacresol and dichlorobenzyl alcohol at low ph inactivated enveloped respiratory viruses influenza a, respiratory synctial virus (rsv) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) but not viruses with icosahedral symmetry, such as adenoviruses or rhinoviruses. a titre of approximately 3.5 log10 tcid50 was reduced to below the level of detection within two minutes. electron microscopy of purified influenza a virus showed extensive clumpi ... | 2005 | 15889535 |
| neurotrophin overexpression in lower airways of infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | nerve growth factor and its receptors are upregulated in the lungs of weanling rats with lower respiratory tract infection caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and this is a major mechanism of the inflammatory response against the virus. however, no information is available in humans. | 2005 | 15879412 |
| racemic epinephrine compared to salbutamol in hospitalized young children with bronchiolitis; a randomized controlled clinical trial [isrctn46561076]. | bronchiolitis is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infancy, and hospital admission rates appear to be increasing in canada and the united states. inhaled beta agonists offer only modest short-term improvement. trials of racemic epinephrine have shown conflicting results. we sought to determine if administration of racemic epinephrine during hospital stay for bronchiolitis improved respiratory distress, was safe, and shortened length of stay. | 2005 | 15876347 |
| comparison of a real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay and a culture technique for quantitative assessment of viral load in children naturally infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection of children. understanding rsv pathogenesis and evaluating interventions requires quantitative rsv testing. previous studies have used the plaque assay technique. real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rtrtpcr) offers possible greater sensitivity, stability after freeze/thaw, and lower cost, thus facilitating multicenter studies. we developed rtrtpcr assays based upon the rsv n and f genes. the n-gene assay d ... | 2005 | 15872266 |
| dynamin forms a src kinase-sensitive complex with cbl and regulates podosomes and osteoclast activity. | podosomes are highly dynamic actin-containing adhesion structures found in osteoclasts, macrophages, and rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-transformed fibroblasts. after integrin engagement, pyk2 recruits src and the adaptor protein cbl, forming a molecular signaling complex that is critical for cell migration, and deletion of any molecule in this complex disrupts podosome ring formation and/or decreases osteoclast migration. dynamin, a gtpase essential for endocytosis, is also involved in actin cytoskel ... | 2005 | 15872089 |
| respiratory syncytial virus load predicts disease severity in previously healthy infants. | elucidating the relationship between viral load and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease severity is critical to understanding pathogenesis and predicting the utility of antivirals. | 2005 | 15871119 |
| emergence of rsv-resistance breaking soybean mosaic virus isolates from korean soybean cultivars. | twelve rsv resistance-breaking (rb) isolates of soybean mosaic virus (smv) were obtained from field-grown soybean plants showing mosaic symptoms and subsequently examined biologically and molecularly. all of these rb isolates were identified as smv based on serological and infectivity assays, and the amplification of p1 gene products by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). differential soybean cultivars, lines or accessions lee 68 (rsv), pi 96983, york, marshall, ogden, kwan ... | 2005 | 15869819 |
| cytokine amplification by respiratory syncytial virus infection in human nasal epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of upper respiratory infections and is known to play a causal role in the pathogenesis of rhinitis, sinusitis, acute otitis media, and pneumonia. rsv appears to prime the respiratory tract to secondary inciting events, such as bacterial or antigen challenges. to study the proinflammatory priming effects of rsv infection, cytokine expression was measured in well-differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (wd-ne) after rsv infection alone or ... | 2005 | 15867636 |
| validation of a pediatric caregiver diary to measure symptoms of postacute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis is often associated with continuing respiratory symptoms following hospitalization. to date, there is no validated objective measure to evaluate symptoms of rsv-induced bronchiolitis. we report on the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the bronchiolitis caregiver diary (bcd) of symptoms and healthcare utilization associated with postacute rsv. the bcd measures four symptoms (daytime cough, wheeze, trouble breathing, and nigh ... | 2005 | 15858804 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an increasingly recognized cause of illness in adults. data on the epidemiology and clinical effects in community-dwelling elderly persons and high-risk adults can help in assessing the need for vaccine development. | 2005 | 15858184 |