Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| a newly developed immunofluorescence assay for simultaneous detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2. | immunofluorescence assays (ifa) that simultaneously distinguish between antibodies against closely related human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) infections have not been readily available. serum specimens from 95 hiv-1-infected, 26 hiv-2-infected and 3 hiv-1/hiv-2 dually infected individuals and 106 seronegative blood donors were evaluated for the ability to serologically discriminate hiv-1 and hiv-2 infections by means of ifa employing three types of cells whose morphol ... | 1995 | 7601900 |
| hiv-1, hiv-2, htlv-i/ii and treponema pallidum infections: incidence, prevalence, and hiv-2-associated mortality in an occupational cohort in guinea-bissau. | the prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1, hiv-2), human t-lymphotropic virus types i and ii (htlv-i/ii), and syphilitic infections and the association between these infections were determined in a cohort of police officers in guinea-bissau. between january 1990 and december 1992, 1,384 subjects (1,241 men and 143 women) were included in the study; and of the first 879 tested, 561 were tested at least for a second time. the overall seroprevalence of hiv-1 ... | 1995 | 7600111 |
| sporadic als/mnd: a global neurodegeneration with retroviral involvement? | sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may be an aetiologically heterogenous disease. we confirmed elevated circulating igg immune complexes, and altered igg seroreactivities against human retroviral antigens (hiv-2 and htlv immunoblots) in overlapping subgroups of patients. together with preliminary findings of a positive polymerase chain reactivity for human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv.tax/rex) in blood leukocytes of 5 out of 14 sals patients, we interpret this as evidence for a retroviral invo ... | 1995 | 7595609 |
| long-term protection against siv-induced disease in macaques vaccinated with a live attenuated hiv-2 vaccine. | the aim of this study was to test the ability of a live attenuated human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) vaccine to protect cynomolgus monkeys against superinfection with a pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsm). this report is an update on our previously reported observation period of nine months. the new data here show that three of four monkeys vaccinated with live hiv-2 were protected against immunosuppression and siv-induced disease during more than five years of follow-up. ... | 1995 | 7585217 |
| hiv-1 recombinant poxvirus vaccine induces cross-protection against hiv-2 challenge in rhesus macaques. | rhesus macaques were immunized with attenuated vaccinia or canarypox human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) recombinants and boosted with hiv-1 protein subunits formulated in alum. following challenge with hiv-2sbl6669, three out of eight immunized macaques resisted infection for six months and another exhibited significantly delayed infection, whereas all three naive controls became infected. immunizations elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses; however, no clear correlates of ... | 1995 | 7585061 |
| hiv-specific cytotoxic t-cells in hiv-exposed but uninfected gambian women. | a crucial requirement in the rational design of a prophylactic vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is to establish whether or not protective immunity can occur following natural infection. the immune response to hiv infection is characterized by very vigorous hiv-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity. we have identified four hiv-1 and hiv-2 cross-reactive peptide epitopes, presented to ctl from hiv-infected gambians by hla-b35 (the most common gambian class i hla mole ... | 1995 | 7584954 |
| resistance of hiv type 1 to proteinase inhibitor ro 31-8959. | during replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), proteolytic cleavage of gag and gag-pol precursor proteins into different functional protein subunits is catalyzed by the viral proteinase, and this enzyme is the target of the antiviral proteinase inhibitor, ro 31-8959. we investigated in vitro which hiv mutants with reduced sensitivity to ro 31-8959 emerged during proteinase inhibition treatment; from three different hiv-1 strains, comparable progeny virus resistant to proteina ... | 1995 | 7576926 |
| intrapatient variability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope v3 loop. | studies of hiv-2 infection have shown lower rates of sexual and perinatal transmission and a prolonged incubation period to aids as compared to hiv-1. to evaluate the role of genetic variation in hiv pathogenesis, we studied intrapatient variability in the v3 loop of the hiv-2 envelope gene over time in five seropositive individuals. proviral sequences derived from uncultured pbmc dna (n = 102) demonstrated an average sequence heterogeneity within a sample of 1.4% (0-4.1%). this was significantl ... | 1995 | 7576918 |
| the pett series, a new class of potent nonnucleoside inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. | to identify the minimal structural elements necessary for biological activity, the rigid tricyclic nucleus of the known human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt) inhibitor tetrahydroimidazobenzodiazepinthione was subjected to systematic bond disconnection to obtain simpler structures. a rational selection and testing of modeled analogs containing these potential pharmacophoric moieties led to the discovery of a new series of nonnucleoside inhibitors of rt. the lead c ... | 1995 | 7574525 |
| infection with hepatitis viruses (b and c) and human retroviruses (htlv-1 and hiv) in saudi children receiving cycled cancer chemotherapy. | serological markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1), and human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2) were studied in 53 saudi children (31 males, 22 females; 1-12 years of age) receiving cycled cancer chemotherapy and in 168 healthy saudi children taken as control. exposure to hbv in the patients was similar to that in the control (6 per cent hbsag in patients v. 7 per cent in the control; 19 per cent exposure rate in pati ... | 1995 | 7563271 |
| quantitative structural activity relationship study of bis-tetraazacyclic compounds. a novel series of hiv-1 and hiv-2 inhibitors. | this work describes a study of quantitative structural activity relationships (qsar) of bis-tetraazamacrocyclic compounds. these compounds represent a novel class of very potent and selective anti-hiv inhibitors, with a new mode of action. the qsar study correlates structural features of the compounds with anti-hiv activity, resulting in a model which has a high predictive capacity (predictive r2 = 0.79). this predictive model will be of major importance for the design of new anti-hiv inhibitors ... | 1995 | 7562918 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis b, c, and e markers in young sexually active adults from the central african republic. | the central african republic is located in tropical africa, where both the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) are highly endemic. the exact prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus (hev) markers in this country is unknown. the aim of the study was to determine, according to hiv and hbv serostatus, the prevalence of these markers in young sexually active adults in the central african republic. one hundred and fifty-seven consecutive patients attendin ... | 1995 | 7561802 |
| analysis of cross reactivity of retrovirus proteases using a vaccinia virus-t7 rna polymerase-based expression system. | we have used the vaccinia virus-t7 rna polymerase-based expression system for studies on the activity of proteases from various retroviruses on homologous and heterologous gag polyproteins in eukaryotic cells. proteases from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2, equine infectious anaemia virus, human t cell leukaemia virus type 1 and human spumavirus were produced and were shown to cleave their cognate gag substrates produced in trans. analysis of cross reactivity revealed that lenti ... | 1995 | 7561754 |
| the epidemic of hiv/aids in abidjan, côte d'ivoire: a review of data collected by projet retro-ci from 1987 to 1993. | we present a review of epidemiologic data collected by projet retro-ci between 1987 and 1993 on trends in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 infections and on cases of aids in abidjan, côte d'ivoire. overall rates of hiv infection in pregnant women had already reached 10% in 1987, and have increased only modestly since then. in contrast, in 1992-1993, rates in men with sexually transmitted diseases and in female commercial sex workers reached 27 and 86%, respectively. the incr ... | 1995 | 7552498 |
| nanoparticles as adjuvants for vaccines. | pmma nanoparticle adjuvants can be manufactured in a physicochemically reproducible manner. their particle size can be controlled within narrow limits. immunogens may be either incorporated or adsorbed to these nanoparticles. pmma nanoparticles induced significantly higher and more prolonged antibody responses against a variety of immunogens, including influenza virions and subunit vaccines, bsa, and hiv-1 and hiv-2 split vaccines. in addition, a protective immune response against challenge with ... | 1995 | 7551231 |
| nucleotide sequence of the hiv-2 eho genome, a divergent hiv-2 isolate. | the hiv-2 eho isolate from cote d'ivoire has been characterized as a highly cytopathic hiv-2 strain, which can be differentiated from other isolates by the smaller size of its external envelope glycoprotein. the entire nucleotide sequence (10,352 bp) of the hiv-2 eho genome is filed in the embl/genbank data libraries under accession no. u27200. despite its high degree of variability, the genetic organization of hiv-2 eho was found to be similar to other hiv-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus ... | 1995 | 7546916 |
| localization of human immunodeficiency virus rev in transfected and virus-infected cells. | the rev gene product of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is obligatory for viral replication. rev interacts specifically with a structured rna sequence within the viral genome termed the rev response element (rre). although the importance of rev for the expression of viral proteins is well documented, its functional mechanism remains unresolved. previous studies identified rev in the absence of rre to be a nuclear protein localized primarily within the nucleoli. to extend our understanding of ... | 1995 | 7546906 |
| simultaneous mutations at tyr-181 and tyr-188 in hiv-1 reverse transcriptase prevents inhibition of rna-dependent dna polymerase activity by the bisheteroarylpiperazine (bhap) u-90152s. | the replacement of either tyr-181 or tyr-188 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt) by the corresponding hiv-2 rt amino acids ile-181 or leu-188 is known to result in active mutant enzymes (y181i; y188l) with virtual loss of sensitivity towards three structural classes of nonnucleoside rt inhibitors; l-697,661, nevirapine, and tibo r82913. the bisheteroarylpiperazine (bhap) u-90152s, a highly specific inhibitor (ic50, 0.29 +/- 0.01 microm) of hiv-1 rt, inhibite ... | 1995 | 7544302 |
| protection of a t-cell line from human immunodeficiency virus replication by the stable expression of a short antisense rna sequence carried by a shuttle rna molecule. | adenovirus va1 gene is efficiently transcribed by rna polymerase iii and gives rise to a small highly ordered rna. to inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), a chimeric va1 rna molecule was designed that contained a short antisense rna sequence complementary to a conserved region of the hiv-1 rev encoding mrna (28 nucleotides). this sequence, which was inserted into a projecting loop of the va1 rna central domain, was mainly single stranded and available for binding with its c ... | 1995 | 7541291 |
| intercellular adhesion molecule 3, a candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 co-receptor on lymphoid and monocytoid cells. | the cd4 molecule serves as the principal cell surface receptor common to both the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1, hiv-2 and siv). since binding to cd4 is not sufficient to permit virus entry, hiv 'co-receptors' have been implicated in mediating the fusion of viral and cellular membranes necessary for completing the entry process. in order to identify candidate co-receptor molecules, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against adhesion molecules was tested for the a ... | 1995 | 7540195 |
| natural protection against hiv-1 infection provided by hiv-2. | significant differences have been observed in the rates of transmission and disease development in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2. because many hiv-2-infected people remain asymptomatic for prolonged periods, the hypothesis that hiv-2 might protect against subsequent infection by hiv-1 was considered. during a 9-year period in dakar, senegal, the seroincidence of both hiv types was measured in a cohort of commercial sex workers. despite a higher incidence of other sexually tran ... | 1995 | 7539936 |
| the differential processing of homodimers of reverse transcriptases from human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 is a consequence of the distinct specificities of the viral proteases. | active, recombinant p68 reverse transcriptase (rt) from human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2), with an nh2-terminal extension containing a hexahistidine sequence was isolated from extracts of escherichia coli by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. treatment of the purified p68/p68 homodimer of hiv-2 rt with recombinant hiv-2 protease generates stable, active heterodimer (p68/p58) that is resistant to further hydrolysis. analysis of this p68/p58 hiv-2 rt heterodimer revealed that whi ... | 1995 | 7539431 |
| neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 gp120. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were obtained by immunizing mice with synthetic peptides corresponding to the third variable (v3) or the third conserved (c3) domain of the external envelope protein (gp120) of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2rod). one mab, designated b2c, which was raised against v3 peptide nki26, bound to the surface of hiv-2-infected cells but not to their uninfected counterparts. b2c was capable of neutralizing cell-free and cell-associated virus infection in an isolate ... | 1995 | 7538171 |
| michellamine b, a novel plant alkaloid, inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-induced cell killing by at least two distinct mechanisms. | studies of the mechanism of action of michellamine b, a novel anti-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) alkaloid from the tropical plant ancistrocladus korupensis, have revealed that the compound acts at two distinct stages of the hiv life cycle. the compound had no direct effect on hiv virions and did not block the initial binding of hiv to target cells. postinfection time course studies revealed that the agent partially inhibited hiv-induced cell killing and syncytium formation when added up to ... | 1995 | 7537029 |
| thymic immunopathology and progression of sivsm infection in cynomolgus monkeys. | thymuses from 22 cynomolgus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsm) developed characteristic cortical and medullary changes including formation of b-cell follicles (8/21) and accumulation of virus immune complexes. advanced thymic histopathology was correlated with more pronounced immunodeficiency. sivsm provirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in most (16/18) thymuses and spliced viral env mrna in 3 (3/7) thymuses with advanced histopathologic changes indicat ... | 1995 | 7536107 |
| production of a highly cytopathic hiv-1 isolate from a human mucosal epithelial cell line cultured on microcarrier beads in serum-free medium. | the human colonic epithelial cell line ht-29 can be productively infected with various hiv-1 and hiv-2 isolates that are highly cytopathic for t lymphocytes. in each case, a chronically infected ht-29 cell line can be established, and progeny viruses retain their original properties including high cytopathogenicity for t cells. inasmuch as aids vaccines should include viral isolates capable of infecting mucosal epithelial cells, it may be useful to produce these isolates in such cells at a large ... | 1995 | 7535637 |
| detection of hiv-1, hbv and hcv antibodies in blood donors from surat, western india. | hiv continues to spread in india mainly through heterosexual intercourse, but also among homosexual men and through blood transfusion. the government of india has mandated since 1992 that donor blood from the larger cities be screened for hepatitis b (hbv) and hiv infections. it is expected that this policy will be extended to other cities. surat is a town 250 km north of bombay. approximately 50% of blood is obtained from professional donors to meet the requirement of blood for transfusion. ... | 1994 | 7535499 |
| new tetrahydroimidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepin-2(1h)-one and -thione derivatives are potent inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication and are synergistic with 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside analogs. | tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]-benzodiazepin-2(1h)-one and -thione (tibo) derivatives were shown to specifically block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) replication through a unique interaction with the hiv-1 reverse transcriptase (rt). through further modification of the lead compounds and structure-activity relationship analysis several new tibo derivatives that show high potency, selectivity, and specificity against hiv-1 have been obtained. a new tibo derivative, r86183, inhibit ... | 1994 | 7535037 |
| mechanism of resistance to u-90152s and sensitization to l-697,661 by a proline to leucine change at residue 236 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase. | bisheteroarylpiperazines (bhaps) are highly specific inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt). bhap-resistant hiv-1 is sensitized to other classes of nonnucleoside rt inhibitors and this has been primarily attributed to a proline-to-leucine substitution at amino acid 236 (p236l) of hiv-1 rt. to understand the basis for the in vitro sensitization-resistance phenomenon, single base pair mutations at amino acid p236 in hiv-1 rt were introduced to obtain p ... | 1995 | 7532595 |
| peyssonols a and b, two novel inhibitors of the reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. | two new sesquiterpene hydroquinones, peyssonol a and peyssonol b, of the red sea algae peyssonelia sp., have been shown to be potent inhibitors of the rna-directed dna synthesis of the reverse transcriptases (rts) of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 and hiv-2. the dna-dependent dna polymerase activity is inhibited to a lesser extent, whereas the rnase h activity is unaffected. the inhibition of the dna polymerase activities is independent of the nature of the template primers used. peyssonol ... | 1995 | 7532386 |
| neither whole inactivated virus immunogen nor passive immunoglobulin transfer protects against sivagm infection in the african green monkey natural host. | attempts to protect against infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)mac grown in rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) using whole inactivated virus immunogen or passive transfer of antibody have so far universally failed. however, such experiments have succeeded in the closely related human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-2/cynomolgus system. to determine whether the failure in the sivmac system is typical of primate lentiviruses we performed vaccination and passive transfer ... | 1995 | 7532099 |
| dimerization kinetics of hiv-1 and hiv-2 reverse transcriptase: a two step process. | the dimerization processes of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2 reverse transcriptase (rts) from their subunits have been investigated using a number of complementary approaches (fluorescence spectroscopy, size exclusion-hplc and polymerase activity assay). the formation of the native heterodimeric form of hiv-1 and hiv-2 rt occurs in a two step process. the first step is a concentration-dependent association of the two subunits (p66 and p51) to give a heterodimeric intermedia ... | 1995 | 7531247 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) env gene analysis: prediction of glycoprotein epitopes important for heterotypic neutralization and evidence for three genotype clusters within the hiv-2a subtype. | the env gene sequences of ten tissue-culture-adapted human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) isolates from west african patients were determined. alignment and comparison of the gene sequences and putative translation products with database sequences revealed 11-29% diversity at the nucleotide level and 15-31% variation at the protein level. from analysis of glycoproteins of hiv-2 strains sensitive and resistant to neutralization by hiv-1 antisera, five regions were identified as putative ta ... | 1995 | 7531216 |
| inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by the 5'-triphosphate beta enantiomers of cytidine analogs. | (-)-beta-l-2',3'-dideoxycytidine (l-ddc) and (-)-beta-l-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine (l-fddc) have been reported to be potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) in vitro. in the present study, the 5'-triphosphates of l-ddc (l-ddctp) and l-fddc (l-fddctp) were demonstrated to competitively inhibit hiv-1 reverse transcriptase (rt), with inhibition constants (kis) of 2 and 1.6 microm, respectively, when a poly(ri).oligo(dc)10-15 template pri ... | 1994 | 7530932 |
| enzymatic properties of two mutants of reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (tyrosine 181-->isoleucine and tyrosine 188-->leucine), resistant to nonnucleoside inhibitors. | a number of structurally diverse compounds have been shown to be potent inhibitors of the dna polymerase activity of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt). the compounds can be grouped into two broad classes: nucleoside analogs and nonnucleoside inhibitors. the nonnucleoside inhibitors are quite specific for the polymerase activity of hiv-1 rt; they do not affect the polymerase activity of hiv-2 rt or the ribonuclease h (rnase h) activity of either hiv-1 rt or hiv-2 rt. ... | 1994 | 7529032 |
| biological and biochemical anti-hiv activity of the benzothiadiazine class of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | a series of benzothiadiazine derivatives were screened against the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and certain structure-activity relationships were defined for anti-hiv activity in this chemical class. the selected representative nsc 287474 was a highly potent inhibitor of hiv-induced cell killing and hiv replication in a variety of human cell lines, as well as in fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages. the compound was active against a panel of biologically diverse laborat ... | 1994 | 7529014 |
| differentiation between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 isolates by nonradioisotopic reverse transcriptase-typing assay. | we tested whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) could be differentiated from hiv-2 by a reverse transcriptase (rt)-typing assay that measured the reduction of enzyme activity owing to specific antibody. rt-inhibiting antibody was examined for hiv type specificity by a new nonradioisotopic rt assay. antibodies from four rabbits immunized with recombinant hiv-1 rt and from 23 hiv-1-seropositive individuals all specifically inhibited the enzyme activities of two hiv-1 strains (lav-1 a ... | 1994 | 7527425 |
| survey of human immunodeficiency virus infection among pregnant women in england and wales: 1990-93. | we report on the first four years (1990-93) of a survey within the national hiv prevalence monitoring programme. the survey's objective is to monitor the prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in pregnant women in london and elsewhere in england. the survey--based in forty centres that offer antenatal care in london, greater manchester, west yorkshire, and adjacent non-metropolitan areas--uses repeated cross sectional serosurveillance for anti-hiv-1 and 2 and the unl ... | 1994 | 7527276 |
| resistance to nucleoside analogs of selective mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 reverse transcriptase. | we have studied selected mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) reverse transcriptase (rt) in a cell-free system in order to assess whether the mutant proteins exhibit a reduction in the sensitivity to nucleoside analog inhibitors similar to that of hiv-1 rt. we have modified, by site-directed mutagenesis, several of those amino acid residues so that their equivalent substitutions in hiv-1 rt have led to the formation of hiv-1 rt variants with the highest degree of resistance to ... | 1995 | 7527086 |
| dual tropism for macrophages and lymphocytes is a common feature of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 isolates. | we have investigated the ability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 isolates to infect and replicate in primary human macrophages. monocytes from blood donors were allowed to differentiate into macrophages by culture in the presence of autologous lymphocytes and human serum for 5 days before infection. a panel of 70 hiv-1 and 12 hiv-2 isolates were recovered from seropositive individuals with different severities of hiv infection. a majority of isolates (55 hiv-1 and all hi ... | 1994 | 7521920 |
| inhibition of reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and chimeric enzymes of human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 by two novel non-nucleoside inhibitors. | we have studied the effects of two non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nnrti), nitrophenyl phenyl sulfone (npps) and a potent derivative of oxathiin carboxanilide (uc-38), on enzymatically active molecular chimeras composed of complementary segments of the reverse transcriptases (rts) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and -2 (hiv-2). the substances inhibit only the dna polymerase activity of hiv-1 rt with no effect on hiv-2 rt. the results suggest that there is a protei ... | 1994 | 7520874 |
| cell line-dependent release of hiv-like gag particles after infection of mammalian cells with recombinant vaccinia viruses. | we investigated the production of gag particles by vero, cv-1, or 1d cells infected with different vaccinia virus recombinants expressing hiv gag or gag-pol genes. immunoblots of (centrifuged) culture media from 1d cells infected with vmm5, a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the hiv-2 gag-pol genes, revealed the presence of abundant particles that contained (mostly processed) gag antigens. in contrast, gag particles were found only in low amounts in the culture medium from vero cells infect ... | 1994 | 7520722 |
| characterization of hiv-1 strains isolated from patients treated with tibo r82913. | the drug sensitivities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) isolates from a group of four untreated and seven tibo r82913-treated patients were determined in a reverse transcriptase (rt) assay. five of the treated patients harbored hiv-1 isolates with r82913 sensitivity comparable to that of the isolates of untreated patients, ranging from almost 2-fold higher sensitivity to 13-fold lower sensitivity than that of recombinant p66 rt. from one of the seven treated patients, an hiv-1 stra ... | 1994 | 7514016 |
| an epitope in the v1 domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) gp120 protein is recognized by cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes from an siv-infected rhesus macaque. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses against the external envelope glycoprotein (gp120) of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were studied in a rhesus macaque infected with sivmac/239. cd8+ t cells enriched from concanavalin a-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells lysed autologous target cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus vectors expressing the sivmac/239 or sivsm/h4 envelope protein, which share approximately 80% identity in amino acid sequence. a cd8+ ctl line derive ... | 1994 | 7511178 |
| 3,5,8-trihydroxy-4-quinolone, a novel natural inhibitor of the reverse transcriptases of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and type 2. | the natural product of the red sea sponge verongia sp., identified as 3,5,8-trihydroxy-4-quinolone, was found to be a potent inhibitor of the rna-directed dna synthesis of the reverse transcriptases (rts) of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and type 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2, respectively). this inhibition was unaffected by the nature of the primer template used for dna synthesis. the dna-dependent dna polymerase activity was inhibited to a lesser extent, whereas the ribonuclease h (rnase h) funct ... | 1994 | 7510944 |
| kinetic and mutational analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibition by inophyllums, a novel class of non-nucleoside inhibitors. | inophyllums are novel non-nucleoside inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 reverse transcriptase identified through an enzyme screening program and isolated from the plant calophyllum inophyllum. the kinetics of reverse transcriptase inhibition by inophyllum b were characterized using recombinant purified enzyme, a heteropolymeric rna template, and a scintillation proximity assay. preincubation of inhibitor with the enzyme-template-primer complex for 11 min was required for max ... | 1994 | 7509800 |
| the catalytic properties of the reverse transcriptase of the lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus. | the reverse transcriptase (rt) of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) shares sequence similarity with the rts of other lentiviruses, particularly with the rts of human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2, respectively), the causative agents of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). there is a 41-42% sequence identity between eiav rt and both hiv rts (which have 61% sequence identity to each other). we have compared the enzymic properties of eiav rt with those of hiv-1 r ... | 1994 | 7509281 |
| viral resistance to the thiazolo-iso-indolinones, a new class of nonnucleoside inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. | thiazolo-iso-indolinone derivatives with high specificity toward the reverse transcriptase (rt) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were identified. the most potent compound, bm +51.0836, inhibited hiv-1 rt at a 50% inhibitory concentration of 90 nm in vitro. in cell culture assays, similar 50% inhibitory concentrations were obtained with high specificity for hiv-1. these substances were equally active against a zidovudine-resistant isolate. no antiviral effect was observed with an hi ... | 1993 | 7509144 |
| ultrasensitive retrovirus detection by a reverse transcriptase assay based on product enhancement. | reverse transcriptase (rt) is an indispensable component of infectious retroviruses. we have developed an ultrasensitive rt test in which rna of bacteriophage ms2 serves as the template for rt-mediated cdna synthesis. a fragment of the cdna is selectively amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the amplification product is analyzed by southern blot hybridization or enzyme immunoassay. the procedure was 10(6) to 10(7) times more sensitive than a conventional rt test and detected as little as 1 ... | 1994 | 7509077 |
| an antibody that binds the immunoglobulin cdr3-like region of the cd4 molecule inhibits provirus transcription in hiv-infected t cells. | we used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to study which step(s) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) life cycle may be blocked following treatment of hiv-exposed cem cells with 13b8-2, a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for the immunoglobulin (ig) cdr3-like region of the cd4 molecule and able to inhibit the productive infection of cem cells by hiv-1. the presence of viral rna was investigated and found in 13b8-2 mab-treated cem cells 30 min after viral exposure; the full-lengt ... | 1993 | 7505220 |
| specificity of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in sera from human immunodeficiency virus type 2-infected individuals. | adcc activity in sera from hiv-2-infected individuals was monitored against hiv-1iiib, sivmac, and three different hiv-2 strains. the sera mediated adcc against the hiv-2 strains in high frequencies and reacted equally well with sivmac, whereas no cross-reactivity was seen against hiv-1iiib. the degree of antigenic similarities between the virus strains was also evaluated in order to estimate the variability of adcc target regions. the sivmac strain and two of the hiv-2 strains were antigenicall ... | 1993 | 7504937 |
| inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by oltipraz: evidence for the formation of a stable adduct. | oltipraz (5-pyrazinyl-4-methyl-1,2-dithiole-3-thione), which is undergoing clinical evaluation as an anticarcinogen, also inhibits hiv-1 replication (ic50 approximately equal to 10 microm). the inactivation of rt appears to be a relevant antiviral mechanism since oltipraz blocks viral replication in acutely infected t-cell lines, but is ineffective in chronically infected ach-2 cells (h. j. prochaska, w. g. bornmann, p. baron, and b. polsky (1995) mol. pharmacol. 48, 15-20). since a nucleophilic ... | 1995 | 7503549 |
| interface peptides as structure-based human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | reverse transcriptases from both human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 are obligatory dimers. a tryptophan-rich repeat motif that is highly conserved between these proteins, as well as in the reverse transcriptase from simian immunodeficiency virus, has been postulated to be involved in hydrophobic subunit interactions. a synthetic 19-mer peptide covering part of this tryptophan repeat motif was recently shown to inhibit human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 reverse transcriptase subunit d ... | 1995 | 7499382 |
| role of cd4 endocytosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | we have analyzed the role of cd4 endocytosis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) entry by measuring the infection of hela cells expressing various cd4 constructs with endocytosis rates of between 0.2 and 30%/min in a quantitative infectious focus assay. for a number of laboratory-adapted hiv-1 and hiv-2 strains, the highest levels of infection were found on cells with very limited cd4 endocytosis, while cells with efficient cd4 uptake were only poorly infectable, suggesting that cd4 internaliz ... | 1995 | 7494343 |
| detection of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 antibodies by new automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay for hiv types 1 and 2. | we compared an automated microparticle double-antigen sandwich enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the imx test system recently developed by abbott with two established assays (the automated indirect vidas igg eia and the double-antigen sandwich eia from murex/wellcome) devised for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 antibodies. a total of 1,078 consecutive serum samples were tested prospectively with the three assays. in addition, we used retrospectively selected pan ... | 1995 | 7494024 |
| mutational analysis of the substrate binding pocket of murine leukemia virus protease and comparison with human immunodeficiency virus proteases. | the differences in substrate specificity between moloney murine leukemia virus protease (mulv pr) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pr were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. various amino acids, which are predicted to form the substrate binding site of mulv pr, were replaced by the equivalent ones in hiv-1 and hiv-2 prs. the expressed mutants were assayed with the substrate val-ser-gln-asn-tyr decreases pro-ile-val-gln-nh2 (decreases indicates the cleavage site) and a series of ana ... | 1995 | 7493942 |
| highly attenuated hiv type 2 recombinant poxviruses, but not hiv-2 recombinant salmonella vaccines, induce long-lasting protection in rhesus macaques. | immunization schemes employing priming with vector-based vaccine candidates followed by subunit booster administrations have been explored and shown to have merit in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus systems. in this study, we have assessed the priming capacity of highly attenuated poxvirus vector (nyvac and alvac)-based hiv-2 recombinants, as well as salmonella typhimurium hiv-2 recombinants in rhesus macaques. alvac- and nyvac-based vaccine candi ... | 1995 | 7492438 |
| characterization of a cd4-expressing macaque cell line that can detect virus after a single replication cycle and can be infected by diverse simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. | primate lentiviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) are phenotypically diverse, and virus isolates vary in cytopathicity, replication rate, and cell tropism. while all virus isolates infect primary peripheral blood lymphocytes, only a subset of strains infect established cd4-expressing t-cell lines. here, we describe the development and characterization of a macaque cell line that can be infected by all of the strains of siv that we have tested ... | 1995 | 7491763 |
| tat functions to stimulate the elongation properties of transcription complexes paused by the duplicated tar rna element of human immunodeficiency virus 2. | in this study we have defined the in vitro requirements for transcriptional regulation of the hiv-2 ltr in response to the hiv-1 and hiv-2 tat proteins and addressed potential mechanisms of tat function. hiv-2 contains a duplicated tar rna stem-loop structure in contrast to the single stem-loop structure found in hiv-1 tar rna. we demonstrated that the hiv-2 proximal tar rna stem-loop structure was more important for in vitro transcriptional activation by the hiv-1 and hiv-2 tat proteins than th ... | 1995 | 7490754 |
| hiv: the more things change, the more they stay the same. | the syndrome known as aids is eventually brought on after initial infection with hiv. infection with either hiv-1 or hiv-2 will lead to aids. however, different strains of hiv-1 have been found to exist, varying between continents. the strains, or clades, vary quite significantly in their surface antigens and genetic sequences. hiv-1 subtype b, the initial causative virus of aids in western industrialized countries, is reproducibly different from subtypes c and e, respectively found in sub-s ... | 1995 | 7489381 |
| performance evaluation of a particle agglutination test for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus 1: comparison with enzyme immunoassay. | a performance evaluation of a particle agglutination test (pat), manufactured by fujirebio inc., japan (serodia-hiv), for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (anti-hiv-1) was carried out and compared with a currently available enzyme immunoassay (eia), manufactured by genetic systems corp., usa, (hiv-1/hiv-2 eia). testing 2,878 indian donor and patient samples, both tests showed 100% sensitivity and comparable specificity (pat: 99.8%; eia: 99.7% among donor samples). we conclude that ... | 1995 | 7483488 |
| both virus and host components are important for the manifestation of a nef- phenotype in hiv-1 and hiv-2. | while it has been demonstrated that the nef protein of simian immunodeficiency virus is obligatory for the establishment of high viral loads and the development of simian aids in rhesus macaques, demonstrating a critical role for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) nef protein in tissue culture has been elusive. data have been contradictory as to whether nef has a negative or positive influence on in vitro virus replication. in an attempt to define a role for nef during virus propagation in t ... | 1995 | 7483259 |
| [type 2 human immunodeficiency virus infection (hiv-2) in spain: analysis of the first 50 cases. spanish group for the study of hiv-2]. | infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) is endemic in west africa where it is responsible for many aids cases. hiv-2 has been described in subjects in other countries, mainly in african immigrants, although it may also be found in natives. the first cases of hiv-2 infection were identified in spain in 1988. | 1995 | 7475463 |
| characteristics of a group of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with structural diversity and potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity. | current thrust in controlling the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) focuses on antiviral drug development targeting the infection and replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the causative agent of aids. to date, treatment of aids has relied on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as azt, ddi, and ddc, which eventually become ineffective upon the emergence of resistant mutants bearing specific nucleotide substitutions. the anti-aids drug screening program of th ... | 1995 | 7475321 |
| the 3'-orf protein of human immunodeficiency virus 2 shows sequence homology with the bel3 gene of the human spumaretrovirus. | the primary amino acid sequence within a domain of 89 residues of the central part of the 3'-orf protein (p27 3'-orf) of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-2) shares homology with the middle and carboxy-terminal portion of the bel3 gene product of human spumaretrovirus (hsrv). in addition, a limited region of the tat protein of hiv-2 but not hiv-1 shows a 28% degree of homology to the deduced protein sequence of the bel1 gene product of hsrv. comparison between the viral sequences suggests that t ... | 1987 | 3653407 |
| structure of the long terminal repeat of simian lymphotropic virus type iii (african green monkey) and its relatedness to that of hiv. | the simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (stlv-iii[agm]) is a retrovirus in wild african green monkeys which is serologically related to the human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii/lav-1/hiv) and other related human retroviruses. the long terminal repeats (ltr) contained in clones of viral dna of (stlv-iii[agm]) were subcloned in m13 and their dna sequence was determined and compared with that of hiv (htlv-iii[bh10]). the stlv-iii(agm) ltr is considerably larger than that of htlv-iii(bh10) ... | 1987 | 3650101 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses. | because of the growing incidence of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), the need for studies on animal models is urgent. infection of chimpanzees with the retroviral agent of human aids, the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), will have only limited usefulness because chimpanzees are in short supply and do not develop the disease. among non-human primates, both type d retroviruses and lentiviruses can be responsible for immune deficiencies. the d-type retroviruses, although important pat ... | 1987 | 3649576 |
| isolation and antigenic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in brazil. | a retrovirus infecting a brazilian aids patient was isolated and characterized in terms of its reactivity with sera from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2). the western blot analysis revealed that the brazilian isolate is very similar to the well characterized hiv-1 strain. the serum of the patient from whom the virus was isolated did not react with the 140 kda envelope glycoprotein specific for hiv-2. | 1987 | 3507914 |
| dideoxynucleosides are less inhibitory in vitro against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) than against hiv-1. | the antiviral activities of various dideoxynucleosides against lav strains of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) were evaluated. significantly more 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine was required to inhibit the replication of hiv-2 than hiv-1 in three human cell lines. hiv-2 also appeared more resistant than hiv-1 to other dideoxynucleosides. these results suggest that dideoxynucleosides may be less effective in vivo for hiv-2 infection and that a broader range of clinical ... | 1987 | 3501941 |
| [hiv infections in the frankfurt area: results of viral serologic laboratory diagnosis]. | basing on routine laboratory diagnosis of serum antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) in the years 1985 and 1986, the monthly detection rate of infection amounts to 50 persons on an average in the region of frankfurt/frg. the relation of female to male persons changed from 1:7 to 1:3 during one year. this might be influenced by a screening programme performed with female prostitutes who are found seropositive in about 2.5%. in december 1986, the first case of an hiv-2 infection ... | 1987 | 3501766 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses. | the characterization of hiv-1 (htlv-iii/lav), the human retrovirus associated with aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) has led to the identification of a group of related human and simian retroviruses which also infect cd4-bearing t lymphocytes. simian t-lymphotropic virus type iii (simian immodeficiency virus) from macaques (stlv-iiimac) induces symptoms similar to those of aids in infected macaques, but isolates from african green monkeys (stlv-iiiagm) and mangabeys (stlv-iimm) appear t ... | 1987 | 3497350 |
| a serological survey for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 of individuals who visited health centers in tokyo. | the serum antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 (hiv-1) and 2 (hiv-2) were examined for among individuals who visited health centers in tokyo. of 8,198 sera screened, one was true-positive and 37 false-positive for hiv-1 antibodies. these 37 false-positives and 305 sera from the population groups at risk for hiv-2 (42 sojourners in africa, 251 homo- and bisexuals, and 19 prostitutes) were further examined for hiv-2 antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting. no a ... | 1987 | 3483029 |
| anti hiv-2 serological screening in portuguese populations native from or having had close contact with africa. | to gather epidemiologic information on the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-2 in portugal, sera were collected in 1985 from 156 healthy adults currently living in portugal but natives of guinea bissau, cape verde islands, saint tome/prince, angola, and mozambique and from 321 native portuguese men and women who had close contact with local african populations. as a control, sera were collected from 102 health portuguese with no previous contact with africa or african natives. the e ... | 1987 | 3482159 |
| infection of baboons with human immunodeficiency virus-2 (hiv-2) | 1987 | 3474302 | |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection associated with aids in west africa. | we recently reported the isolation of a new retrovirus, termed human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2), from two west african patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). this virus is related to but distinct from the well-characterized aids retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). we report here evidence of infection with hiv-2 in 30 patients, almost all from west africa. seventeen of them had a clinical syndrome indistinguishable from aids (7 of these 17 die ... | 1987 | 3472076 |
| findings in a human immunodeficiency virus type 2-seropositive [corrected] pregnant woman and two neonates in rural guinea-bissau. | 1988 | 3422734 | |
| [prevalence of parasitic diseases and hbv and hiv viruses among black africans in prison. (study of 116 subjects)]. | a prospective survey among 116 subjects native of black africa and residing in prison was carried on, in order to estimate the prevalence of parasitosis, hb virus and hi virus infections. these subjects, all males, were selected at random among black africans, which were representative of 6.5% of the prisoners in the prison of fresnes. the average age and stay in france were respectively of 25.7 and 3.3 years. 34% had regular drug-habit (i.v. heroin intake for 8 subjects). 54% were carriers of p ... | 1988 | 3416405 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel protein (x-orf product) from siv and hiv-2. | a protein designated p14 was purified from a simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmne) and was shown by amino acid sequence analysis to be nearly identical to the predicted translational product of a unique open reading frame (x-orf) in the nucleotide sequences of sivmac and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2). thus the x-orf is proven to be a new retroviral gene. the p14 is present in sivmne in molar amounts equivalent to those of the gag proteins. this is the first example of a retrovirus ... | 1988 | 3388031 |
| ultrastructure of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | the ultrastructure of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was determined by negative stain and thin section electron microscopy (em). some virus particles had surface projections about 10 nm in length which were evenly spaced. nonidet p40-treated particles which were penetrated by stain revealed a distinctive off-centre cone-shaped core and, in addition, free-lying cores were also seen in detergent-treated preparations. the surface of the cores was composed of a layer of small subunits. ... | 1988 | 3385410 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) in denmark]. | 1988 | 3376238 | |
| west african hiv-2-related human retrovirus with attenuated cytopathicity. | clinical and seroepidemiological studies in west africa indicate that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) is widespread and associated with immunodeficiency states of variable degree. in this study, an isolate of hiv-2 from a patient in senegal was molecularly cloned and characterized. this isolate (hiv-2st) was shown by hybridization and restriction enzyme analysis to be more related to the prototype hiv-2rod than to other human or primate retroviruses. cultures of hiv-2st showed genoty ... | 1988 | 3375832 |
| sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkey, a new member of the hiv/siv group. | some wild african green monkeys are known to be naturally infected with a retrovirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) without having any apparent symptoms of an aids-like disease. this simian immunodeficiency virus, designated sivagm, may be helpful in clarifying the evolution and pathogenicity of hiv. some virus strains that were previously reported to be isolated from african green monkeys were shown to be laboratory contaminations of sivmac (siv from a rhesus macaque) here we rep ... | 1988 | 3374586 |
| the global distribution of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) infection. | we reviewed published reports of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) to provide a picture of its geographic distribution, pathogenicity, modes of transmission, and risk to the blood supply. since the first reports in 1986, 627 hiv-2-seropositive persons have been reported; 604 of these were in natives of west africa. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) had developed in 42 patients, while 8 patients had aids-related complex. transmission by sexual intercourse was the ... | 1988 | 3354049 |
| lack of cross-reaction in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity between human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hiv-related west african strains. | sera from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hiv-related west african viruses can mediate high-titered, virus-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) in all stages of infection. no cross-reactive adcc can be detected between hiv and hiv-related west african strains lav-2, htlv-iv, and sbl-6669. because these two groups of viruses have antigenically distinct envelope glycoproteins, adcc-mediating antibodies are most likely directed against envelope a ... | 1988 | 3335784 |
| cholangitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: report of two cases and review of the literature. | we report the cases of one patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a result of human immunodeficiency virus type 1/lymphadenopathy associated virus type 1/human t-cell lymphotrophic virus type iii (hiv-1/lav-1/htlv-iii) infection and of another patient with aids related complex caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 2/lymphadenopathy associated virus type 2 (hiv-2/lav-2) infection, who were suffering from cholangitis. the manifestations and possible mechanisms for cholangitis ... | 1987 | 3322961 |
| development of antiviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | antiviral agents under investigation for the treatment of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are reviewed. multiple mechanisms exist by which antiviral agents might inhibit the replication of hiv or eradicate its latent form in affected cells, or both. these mechanisms include (1) interference with the cell surface receptor for hiv, (2) prevention of uncoating of viral particles, (3) inhibition of reverse transcriptase, (4) prevention of integration and posttranscripti ... | 1987 | 3322638 |
| molecular characterization of gag proteins from simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmne). | a simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) designated sivmne was isolated from a pig-tailed macaque with lymphoma housed at the university of washington regional primate research center, seattle. to better establish the relationship of sivmne to other immunodeficiency viruses, we purified and determined the partial amino acid sequences of six structural proteins (p1, p2, p6, p8, p16, and p28) from sivmne and compared these amino acid sequences to the translated nucleotide sequences of sivmac and huma ... | 1988 | 3292789 |
| inoculation of baboons and macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus/mne, a primate lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | a primate lymphotropic lentivirus was isolated on the human t-cell line hut 78 after cocultivation of a lymph node from a pig-tailed macaque (macaca nemestrina) that had died with malignant lymphoma. this isolate, originally designated m. nemestrina immunodeficiency virus (mniv) and now classified as simian immunodeficiency virus (siv/mne), was inoculated intravenously into three juvenile rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), three juvenile pig-tailed macaques (m. nemestrina), and two juvenile baboon ... | 1988 | 3285032 |
| aids: an international perspective. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) constitute a worldwide public health problem. whereas in europe and in most of the americas transmission of hiv-1 has occurred predominantly among homosexual men and intravenous drug abusers, in africa a distinct epidemiologic pattern has emerged that indicates that hiv-1 infection is mainly heterosexually acquired. heterosexual transmission appears to be increasing in some parts of l ... | 1988 | 3277271 |
| characterization of gp120 binding to cd4 and an assay that measures ability of sera to inhibit this binding. | there is evidence that the initial interaction between hiv-1 and the host that is essential for infection is the specific binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to the cd4 molecule found on certain t cells and monocytes. most individuals infected with hiv develop antibodies against the gp120 protein. although in vitro treatment of cd4+ t cells with mab to a specific epitope of the cd4 molecule (t4a) blocks virus binding, syncytia formation, and infectivity, it is unclear if antibodie ... | 1988 | 3264307 |
| kaposi's sarcoma cells: long-term culture with growth factor from retrovirus-infected cd4+ t cells. | studies of the biology and pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) have been hampered by the inability to maintain long-term cultures of ks cells in vitro. in this study aids-ks-derived cells with characteristic spindle-like morphology were cultured with a growth factor (or factors) released by cd4+ t lymphocytes infected with human t-lymphotropic virus type i or ii (htlv-i or htlv-ii) or with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or 2 (hiv-1 or hiv-2). medium conditioned by htlv-ii-infected, transf ... | 1988 | 3262925 |
| adenallene and cytallene: acyclic-nucleoside analogues that inhibit replication and cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro. | although several antiretroviral compounds are already known, almost no acyclic nucleoside derivatives lacking an oxacyclopentane have been reported to exert significant inhibition against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in vitro. we found two unsaturated acyclic nucleoside derivatives, adenallene [9-(4'-hydroxy-1',2'-butadienyl)adenine] and cytallene [1-(4'-hydroxy-1',2'-butadienyl)cytosine], that protect various cd4+ t-cell lines from the infectivity and cytopathic effect of hiv-1. ... | 1988 | 3261865 |
| genetic variability between isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 is comparable to the variability among hiv type 1. | the isolation from macaques of retroviruses related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) led to the identification of a second group of human retroviruses (termed hiv-2), which are prevalent in west africa and closely related to the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). we have cloned and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the human west african retrovirus hiv-2nih-z and compared it to that of a previously described strain of hiv-2 (hiv-2rod) as well as to siv and hiv-1. we have reac ... | 1988 | 3261862 |
| clinical, hematologic, and immunologic cross-sectional evaluation of individuals exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2). | we studied the clinical status and certain hematologic and immunologic parameters in healthy prostitutes from dakar, senegal who were seropositive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (hiv-2). generalized lymphadenopathy and clinical signs or symptoms similar to those which are seen with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) infection were not present. comparison to seronegative prostitutes and minor surgery control patients were made and significant elevations were seen i ... | 1988 | 3259142 |
| synthesis of phosphorothioate analogues of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and their antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate analogues of oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) were synthesized by sulfurization of either internucleoside phosphite linkages, in a repetitive manner during chain extension, or internucleoside hydrogen phosphonate linkages, in a single step following chain assembly. these analogues were tested as antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in a cytopathic effect inhibition assay using hiv-uninfected susceptible t cells (tetanus toxoid-specific no ... | 1988 | 3243433 |
| [prevalence of carriers of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1 and hiv-2) in south cameroon. results of attempts to isolate retroviruses]. | in this work are summarized the results of the serological investigations about hiv1 and hiv2 done since 1986 in the republic of cameroon, using the henderson's cluster sampling method (2). with regard to neighbour countries' results, the prevalence of specific antibodies against hiv1 is weak (less than or equal to 0.5%). this is confirmed by the few number of aids (53) since 1985. the prevalence of the hiv2 antibodies carriers is null. since 1987, the centre pasteur of cameroon is able to isola ... | 1988 | 3221788 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in mali]. | this review summarises epidemiological and clinical data of hiv infection who was recognized in mali since 1985. the most important rate of seropositivity for hiv is observed in the prostitutes group (40%). the estimated seroprevalence for adult population is between 1% and 5%. 46 cases for aids are reported in both sexes. the mean age is 35 years. main signs are weight loss (91%), fever (80%), diarrhea (70%) and lymphadenopathy (50%). three among the five cases of kaposi's sarcoma are aggressiv ... | 1988 | 3221782 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus infections (hiv-1 and hiv-2) in dakar. epidemiologic and clinical aspects]. | the authors report on the results of an investigation carried out on 109 hiv seropositives ascertained by the dakar central hospital between february 20, 1987 and may 31, 1988. these seropositives affected 44 patients with aids (0.78% of admitted patients) and 65 seropositive people of which 43 blood donors (1.35% of donors). both viruses are present in about equal number: 50 hiv1 seropositives, 44 hiv2 seropositives, and 15 composite seropositives. sex-ratio is 3,9 in favour of males; this figu ... | 1988 | 3221781 |
| [difficulties of investigation of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 using elisa]. | 1988 | 3216748 | |
| seroepidemiology of human immunodeficiency viruses in africa. | the first generation of serological tests for anti-hiv-1 gave so many false positives with african sera that it was wrongly postulated that the virus was endemic in africa. as there is no simian or other virus sufficiently closely related to hiv-1 as to suggest a recent common ancestor, the evolution of hiv-1 is obscure and there is no current evidence to support the hypothesis of an african origin. however, the similarity of hiv-2 to siv and its geographical distribution do suggest an evolution ... | 1988 | 3191207 |