Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| [prospective epidemiological study of rotavirus gastroenteritis in europe (reveal study). results in the french area of the study]. | to estimate the incidence of acute gastroenteritis (age) and rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (rvage) in children less than 5 years of age seeking medical care in primary care, emergency department, and hospital settings. secondary objectives: to compare the clinical profile of rvage and non-rvage and to describe the distribution of rv serotypes among rvage cases. | 2008 | 18396016 |
| efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in latin american infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase iii study. | peak incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis is seen in infants between 6 and 24 months of age. we therefore aimed to assess the 2-year efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe gastroenteritis in infants. | 2008 | 18395579 |
| human rotavirus vaccines: too early for the strain to tell. | 2008 | 18395562 | |
| novel nonstructural protein 4 genetic group in rotavirus of porcine origin. | 2008 | 18394303 | |
| rotavirus vaccine introduction in the americas: progress and lessons learned. | in latin america and the caribbean, rotavirus causes approximately 15,000 deaths, 75,000 hospitalizations, 2 million clinic visits and 10 million cases of rotavirus diarrhea annually. two safe vaccines are available that are effective in preventing severe illness. to date, seven countries in latin america (brazil, ecuador, el salvador, panama, mexico, nicaragua and venezuela) have introduced the vaccine. for successful rotavirus vaccine introduction, the lessons learned re-emphasize the critical ... | 2008 | 18393604 |
| temporal-spatial activation of apoptosis and epithelial injury in murine experimental biliary atresia. | biliary atresia is a fibro-inflammatory cholangiopathy that obstructs the extrahepatic bile ducts in young infants. although the pathogenesis of the disease is undefined, studies in livers from affected children and neonatal mice with experimental biliary atresia have shown increased expression of proapoptosis molecules. therefore, we hypothesized that apoptosis is a significant mechanism of injury to duct epithelium. to test this hypothesis, we quantified apoptosis using terminal transferase du ... | 2008 | 18393301 |
| detection and quantification of group c rotaviruses in communal sewage. | group c rotaviruses have been recognized as a cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans, cattle, and swine, although the true epidemiologic and clinical importance of this virus in these hosts has not yet been fully established. a real-time pcr assay based on a broadly reactive primer pair was developed and used to quantitatively determine the viral load of group c rotaviruses in environmental samples. a total of 35 raw and 35 treated sewage samples collected at the same sampling time in four hun ... | 2008 | 18390677 |
| endoplasmic reticulum chaperones are involved in the morphogenesis of rotavirus infectious particles. | the final assembly of rotavirus particles takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). in this work, we evaluated by rna interference the relevance to rotavirus assembly and infectivity of grp78, protein disulfide isomerase (pdi), grp94, calnexin, calreticulin, and erp57, members of the two er folding systems described herein. silencing the expression of grp94 and erp57 had no effect on rotavirus infectivity, while knocking down the expression of any of the other four chaperons caused a reduct ... | 2008 | 18385250 |
| immunogenicity of a thermally inactivated rotavirus vaccine in mice. | current approaches to the prevention of severe rotavirus diarrhea and deaths in children have all been through the use of live oral vaccines. to develop a safe and effective inactivated rotavirus vaccine (irv), a new simple, rapid and robust method for the inactivation is critical and essential because chemical inactivation commonly used for a number of killed vaccines has been a challenge and problematic for rotavirus. we have examined an array of thermal conditions and demonstrated that purifi ... | 2008 | 18382129 |
| [microbiological aspects of pool water]. | it is well known that there is an elevated risk of diffusion of pathogenic micro-organisms in swimming pools. preventive measures aimed at protecting the health of swimmers are complex because of the variety of micro-organisms involved, the different ways in which these can be transmitted and the involvement of both aquatic and environmental factors. in industrialised countries, the circulation of many pathogens which were common in the past has progressively decreased in recent years; in contra ... | 2008 | 18379609 |
| sodium dodecyl sulfate-capillary gel electrophoresis analysis of rotavirus-like particles. | this work describes the application of a sodium dodecyl sulfate-capillary gel electrophoresis (sds-cge) method for the analysis of triple 2/6/7 and double-layered 2/6 rotavirus-like particles (rlps), candidate vaccines against rotavirus infection. sds-cge analysis of rlps resulted in peaks that could be attributed to the viral proteins (vp2, vp6 and vp7) according to their apparent molecular mass (mwapp). samples containing the glycoprotein vp7 were analysed after deglycosylation with pngase f. ... | 2008 | 18378247 |
| new oligonucleotide primers for p-typing of rotavirus strains: strategies for typing previously untypeable strains. | the use of molecular methods for rotavirus characterisation provides increased sensitivity for typing, and allows the identification of putative reassortant strains. however, due to the constant accumulation of point mutations through genetic drift; and to the emergence of novel genotypes; and possibly zoonotic transmission and subsequent reassortment, the reagents and methods used for genotyping require close monitoring and updating. | 2008 | 18378188 |
| peculiarities of norovirus and rotavirus infections in hospitalised young children. | to investigate the features of norovirus infection in hospitalised children under the age of 3 and to compare the results with those of rotavirus infection. | 2008 | 18376246 |
| evaluating the safety of a rotavirus vaccine: the rest of the story. | the rotavirus efficacy and safety trial (rest) was a blinded, placebo-controlled study of the live pentavalent human-bovine vaccine, rotateq (merck & co. inc., west point, pa). rest was noteworthy because its primary objective was to evaluate the safety of rotateq with regard to intussusception, a rare intestinal illness that occurs with a background incidence of approximately 50 cases per 100 000 infant years. the study involved approximately 70 000 infants at over 500 study sites in 11 countri ... | 2008 | 18375651 |
| prevalence of group c rotavirus among children in rhode island, united states. | group c rotavirus causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhea in humans but its burden as a cause of severe gastroenteritis in children remains unclear. | 2008 | 18374629 |
| rotavirus morbidity and mortality in children in brazil. | to study the epidemiology of rotavirus and estimate rotavirus-associated morbidity and mortality in children<or=5 years of age in brazil in 2004 before introducing the rotavirus vaccine in brazil's national immunization program (programa nacional de imunizações, pni). | 2008 | 18371279 |
| anti-nsp4 antibody can block rotavirus-induced diarrhea in mice. | rotavirus infection is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea and gastroenteritis among children worldwide. the viral proteins (vp), especially vp4- and vp7-induced neutralizing antibodies, were considered to be critical in protective immunity to rotavirus disease. however, whether the antibody to rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4) protects against rotavirus-induced diarrhea directly is not completely clear, especially for the protective time course. | 2008 | 18367948 |
| effect of a lactose-free milk formula supplemented with bifidobacteria and streptococci on the recovery from acute diarrhoea. | probiotics have been proposed for the management and prevention of acute diarrhoea in infants. a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled study was carried out in 224 chinese infants 6 to 36 months of age with severe acute diarrhoea and free from moderate or severe malnutrition. after oral or parenteral rehydration, they were allocated to one of three groups: a lactose-free formula (control); the same formula but with viable 10(8)cfu b. lactis bb12 and 5x10(7)cfu st. thermophilus th4 per gra ... | 2008 | 18364323 |
| [etiological study on sporadic viral gastroenteritis among adult in beijing]. | to understand the infection and epidemiology of norovirus and rotavirus and enteral adenovirus among adult with sporadic viral gastroenteritis in beijing and provide theoretical basis for clinical prevention and control. | 2008 | 18361840 |
| sensitive and rapid detection of norovirus using duplex taqman reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect norovirus (nv) is a complex of multi-step procedure that requires gel electrophoresis as well as hybridization or sequencing to confirm the final diagnosis. a duplex taqman rt-pcr was developed to detect and classify genogroup (g) i and gii of nv. the primers and taqman probes for this assay were selected from the region of open reading frame (orf) 1-orf2 junction. a total of 796 stool specimens from 103 outbreaks of ... | 2008 | 18360905 |
| hospital-associated infections during and after care in a paediatric infectious disease ward. | viruses are important causes of paediatric hospital-associated infections (hais). we evaluated the frequency of viral hais during hospitalisation and after discharge in a paediatric infection ward. data were collected prospectively for two years with follow-up questionnaires in which parents reported symptoms of new infections. infections occurring >72 h after admission to hospital or <72 h after discharge were regarded as hospital-associated. the mean age of patients was 3.0 years and the mean ... | 2008 | 18358561 |
| adenovirus infection in children with diarrhea disease in northwestern nigeria. | adenoviruses, particularly enteric adenoviruses (eads) type 40 (ad40) and type 41(ad41), can cause acute and severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. this study was conducted to delineate the epidemiological features of adenoviruses identified in children with gastroenteritis in northwestern nigeria. | 2007 | 18354941 |
| optimum diagnostic assay and clinical specimen for routine rotavirus surveillance. | rates of detection of rotavirus were compared by diagnostic assay and specimen type. for bulk stools, rates of detection by reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) and enzyme immunoassay (eia) were similar, but 18% of healthy controls tested positive by rt-pcr. testing of bulk stools by eia appears to be optimum for rotavirus surveillance. | 2008 | 18353936 |
| design of a multiplex nested pcr for genotyping of the nsp4 from group a rotavirus. | a novel pcr method was developed to discriminate amongst genotypes a-c of the rotavirus non-structural protein 4 (nsp4). genotype-specific primers were designed that correctly identified the nsp4 genotype when evaluated as a multiplex pcr with cell culture adapted rotavirus strains. rotavirus strains b223 sgig6p6[1], ncdv sgig6p6[1] and sa11 sgig3p5b[2] were used as control for nsp4 genotype a; a34 sgig5p14[23], gottfried sgiig4p2b[6] and wa sgiig1p1a[8] for nsp4 genotype b; rrv sgig3p5b[3] for ... | 2008 | 18353449 |
| pentavalent human-bovine (wc3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine in special populations: a review of data from the rotavirus efficacy and safety trial. | rotavirus gastroenteritis is a disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide in infants and children. the recent availability of efficacious rotavirus vaccines with favorable safety profiles has prompted medical agencies around the world to register the vaccines and countries and regions to recommend universal vaccination of healthy infants to prevent the serious health and economic consequences of rotavirus illness in children. premature infants can be especially vulnerable ... | 2008 | 18351405 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus infection in north-western nigeria. | rotaviruses (rv) are associated with approximately 33 000 deaths in children <5 years of age annually in nigeria. however, limited data exit on rv infection in north-western nigeria. during july 2002 to july 2004, 1063 (869 diarrhoeic and 194 control) stool samples were collected from children <5 years of age presenting with diarrhoea in north-western nigeria. the stools were analysed for rv antigen and further characterized by antigenic and genomic methods. rv was detected in 18% of children wi ... | 2008 | 18344546 |
| [economic impact of rotavirus vaccination in panama]. | rotavirus (rv) gastroenteritis (ge) causes a significant health and economic burden in panama. the main objective of this study is to estimate the healthcare costs and the cost-effectiveness of vaccination in panama from the societal perspective. methods: an economic model was constructed, using published epidemiological data, country-specific cost estimates, and vaccine efficacy data. the main outcome measures were disease burden, economic burden and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (us ... | 2008 | 18341878 |
| detection and characterization of human caliciviruses associated with sporadic acute diarrhea in adults in djibouti (horn of africa). | recent advances in molecular diagnostics have allowed us to recognize human caliciviruses (hucvs) as important agents of acute diarrhea in industrialized countries. their prevalence and genetic diversity in developing countries remains unknown. we report on the characterization of hucvs among adults presenting acute diarrheas in djibouti; 108 stool samples collected were screened by eia, rtpcr, or cell cultures for the group a rotaviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses, and hucvs, which were furthe ... | 2008 | 18337354 |
| a federal election is due before the end of 2007. | 2007 | 18335802 | |
| virus removal from water by a portable water treatment device. | few portable point-of-use (pou) devices are available for treatment of water by recreational enthusiasts who may obtain water from untreated sources (rivers, lakes, etc.). this study evaluated a pou device containing a structure matrix capable of removing viruses from water without the use of a disinfectant. | 2008 | 18333657 |
| protein-loosing enteropathy associated with rotavirus infection in an infant. | rotavirus is an acute enteric pathogen in infants and children. we reported a rare case of a 6-mo-old infant with protein-loosing enteropathy (ple) caused by rotavirus gastroenteritis, and evaluated the immunological profile in peripheral blood lymphocytes. laboratory examinations showed lymphopenia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and elevation of alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha1-at) clearance. lymphocytes subpopulation study revealed the reversal of cd4+/cd8+ ratio with the ... | 2008 | 18330961 |
| burden of hospitalizations due to rotavirus infection in emilia romagna, italy. | the aim of this study was to collect data on hospitalizations due to gastrointestinal diseases, in particular rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge), in the region of emilia romagna, italy. the national hospital discharge database was used to evaluate the epidemiology of rv infections in the 2000-2003 period, analyzing only the principal diagnosis. the available age groups were 0-14 years, 15-64 years and, >64 years. hospitalization related costs were estimated through diagnosis related group (drg) ra ... | 2007 | 18330076 |
| does an l-glutamine-containing, glucose-free, oral rehydration solution reduce stool output and time to rehydrate in children with acute diarrhoea? a double-blind randomized clinical trial. | this study assessed whether an oral rehydration solution (ors) in which glucose is replaced by l-glutamine (l-glutamine ors) is more effective than the standard glucose-based rehydration solution recommended by the world health organization (who-ors) in reducing the stool volume and time to rehydrate in acute diarrhoea. in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in a mexican hospital, 147 dehydrated children, aged 1-60 month(s), were assigned either to the who-ors (74 children), or to the l- ... | 2007 | 18330060 |
| full genomic analysis of human rotavirus strain tb-chen isolated in china. | a g2p[4]/nsp4[a] rotavirus strain tb-chen was isolated from a 2-year-old patient hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in kunming, china. the strain tb-chen was demonstrated having group a-specific antigenicity, a "short" (subgroup ii) electropherotype. to investigate its overall genomic relatedness and to determine which group it belonged, the complete genome of strain tb-chen was determined. genomic comparison based on amino acid sequence identity and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all ... | 2008 | 18329063 |
| functional maturation of the human antibody response to rotavirus. | infant abs induced by viruses exhibit poor functional activity compared with those of adults. the human b cell response to rotavirus is dominated by use of the v(h)1-46 gene segment in both adults and infants, but only adult sequences are highly mutated. we investigated in detail the kinetic, structural, and functional advantage conferred by individual naturally occurring somatic mutations in rotavirus-specific human abs encoded by the immunodominant v(h)1-46 gene segment. adult abs achieved enh ... | 2008 | 18322207 |
| [genetic variation in vp7 gene of rotavirus serotype g3 predominated in changchun, china]. | group a rotavirus (rv) is the most important etiologic agent of severe gastroenteritis among children and the development of an effective vaccine becomes the top public health priority. since survey of rv serotypes circulating in local community is important for introduction or development of rv vaccine, rv serotype g3 had proved as the predominant strain in changchun from 2001 to 2005. stool specimens collected from children with acute diarrhea were tested for group a rotavirus by enzyme-linked ... | 2008 | 18320818 |
| [alkaline cultivation of bovine rotavirus in the continuous cell cultures]. | alkaline versus neutral cultivation of bovine rotavirus strain 101 in the continuous cell cultures resulted in a significant acceleration of a reproduction cycle with a very significant cytopathic effect. | 2008 | 18318138 |
| norovirus infection among children with acute gastroenteritis in recife, brazil: disease severity is comparable to rotavirus gastroenteritis. | norovirus has captured increasing attention as an agent of childhood diarrhoea. however, it is not known whether norovirus causes as severe diarrhoea as rotavirus, particularly among children in developing countries. in a 1-year study conducted between may 2004 and april 2005 in recife, brazil, norovirus was detected by elisa in 34/233 (15%) diarrhoeal children less than 5 years of age. the severity of clinical illness, as indicated by the presence of dehydration, the requirement for hospitaliza ... | 2008 | 18317870 |
| the health and economic burden of rotavirus disease in belgium. | for health economic evaluations of rotavirus vaccination, estimates of the health and cost burden of rotavirus are required. due to differences in health care systems and surveillance organisations, this is difficult to achieve by imputing estimates from one country to others. this study aimed to estimate the burden of rotavirus disease in belgium. in children younger than 7 years of age, rotavirus is predicted to account annually for about 5,600 hospitalisations (676:100,000 children); 26,800 o ... | 2008 | 18317802 |
| detection of astrovirus in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants (<1500 g birth weight). although the etiology remains unknown, infectious agents could play a key role. the aim of this analysis was to examine the role of human astrovirus (hastv) in infants with nec. | 2008 | 18316982 |
| who expert committee on biological standardization. | this report presents the recommendations of a who expert committee commissioned to coordinate activities leading to the adoption of international recommendations for the production and control of vaccines and other biologicals and the establishment of international biological reference materials. the report starts with a discussion of general issues brought to the attention of the committee and provides information on the status and development of reference materials for various antibodies, anti ... | 2007 | 18314862 |
| living donor liver transplantation for acute liver failure in infants: the impact of unknown etiology. | infants with alf occasionally have the most urgent need for a liver transplant. in urgent situations for liver transplantation, ldlt has been advocated. between july 1995 and april 2004, medical records of 15 infants undergoing ldlt for alf of unknown etiology were reviewed and their outcomes were compared with infants undergoing ldlt for other liver diseases. they received lls (n = 9), ms (n = 3), and rms (n = 3) grafts. eight technical complications occurred, with a similar incidence for ldlt ... | 2008 | 18307664 |
| molecular characterization of unusual human g5p[6] rotaviruses identified in china. | we found an unusual human rotavirus, ll36755 of g5p[6] genotype, in a stool sample collected in lulong county, hebei province, china. this is the first detection of rotavirus serotype g5 in asia. | 2008 | 18304868 |
| rotateq vaccine adverse events and policy considerations. | rotavirus is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children <5 years-old worldwide. on february 3, 2006, the us food and drug administration licensed rotateq (merck and co.), a bioengineered combination of five human-bovine hybridized reassortment rotaviruses. in august of 2006, the advisory committee on immunization practices recommended rotateq for routine vaccination of us infants administered orally at the ages 2, 4, and 6 months. | 2008 | 18301365 |
| [hospitalizations associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis in israel--a retrospective study]. | rotavirus is a major cause of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide and remains a common cause of hospitalizations in developed countries. the study aimed to assess the hospitalizations due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in israel and their characteristics. | 2008 | 18300615 |
| diversity of human rotavirus g9 among children in turkey. | between september 2004 and december 2005 a prospective study was conducted to understand the epidemiology of rotavirus infection among children with diarrhea attending two hospitals in ankara, turkey. rotavirus was detected in 39.7% of the 322 stool samples and affected mainly children in the age group of 6-23 months. more than 70% and 39% of these cases occurred in children <2 and <1 year of age, respectively. in the temperate climate of ankara rotavirus infection was prevalent throughout the y ... | 2008 | 18297696 |
| effect of rotavirus vaccination on circulating virus strains. | 2008 | 18294994 | |
| immunodominance of the vh1-46 antibody gene segment in the primary repertoire of human rotavirus-specific b cells is reduced in the memory compartment through somatic mutation of nondominant clones. | detailed characterization of ag-specific naive and memory b cell ab repertoires elucidates the molecular basis for the generation of ab diversity and the optimization of ab structures that bind microbial ags. in this study, we analyzed the immunophenotype and vh gene repertoire of rotavirus (rv) vp6-specific b cells in three circulating naive or memory b cell subsets (cd19+igd+cd27-, cd19+igd+cd27+, or cd19+igd-cd27+) at the single-cell level. we aimed to investigate the influence of antigenic e ... | 2008 | 18292552 |
| infectivity and genome persistence of rotavirus and astrovirus in groundwater and surface water. | in this work, we have characterized the survival of rhesus rotavirus (rrv) and human astrovirus yuc8 in clean groundwater and contaminated surface water, as well as in phosphate-buffered solutions maintained in the same conditions as the environmental waters, and have compared the dynamics of virus inactivation with the persistence of the viral genomes, as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr). in addition, we also studied the tolerance of these vir ... | 2008 | 18291437 |
| acute infantile gastroenteritis associated with human enteric viruses in tunisia. | this prospective study, conducted from january 2003 to june 2005, investigated the incidence and the clinical role of various enteric viruses responsible for infantile gastroenteritis in 632 tunisian children presenting in dispensaries (380 children) or hospitalized (252 children) for acute diarrhea. at least one enteric virus was found in each of 276 samples (43.7%). a single pathogen was observed in 234 samples, and mixed infections were found in 42 samples. in terms of frequency, rotavirus an ... | 2008 | 18287312 |
| projecting vaccine efficacy: accounting for geographic strain variations. | researchers must often make assumptions about the efficacy of an intervention in a target population without the benefit of trial data specific to that population. such assumptions may be particularly tenuous with models of vaccination strategies, since the distribution of pathogen strains in target populations may differ substantially from the strain distributions in trial sites. we describe a technique for projecting expected vaccine efficacy in settings where applying unadjusted trial-based e ... | 2008 | 18282014 |
| rotaviruses and rotavirus vaccines. | 2008 | 18281706 | |
| monitoring of waterborne pathogens in surface waters in amsterdam, the netherlands, and the potential health risk associated with exposure to cryptosporidium and giardia in these waters. | the water in the canals and some recreational lakes in amsterdam is microbiologically contaminated through the discharge of raw sewage from houseboats, sewage effluent, and dog and bird feces. exposure to these waters may have negative health effects. during two successive 1-year study periods, the water quality in two canals (2003 to 2004) and five recreational lakes (2004 to 2005) in amsterdam was tested with regard to the presence of fecal indicators and waterborne pathogens. according to bat ... | 2008 | 18281429 |
| intussusception in children in southern israel: disparity between 2 populations. | intussusception has been associated with 1 rotavirus vaccine. our objective was to determine intussusception rates in children in southern israel during a 15-year period before the introduction of new rotavirus vaccines. | 2008 | 18277929 |
| [recommendations of the italian pediatricians on anti-rotavirus vaccine]. | 2008 | 18277360 | |
| [italian pediatrician's consensus statement on anti-rotavirus vaccines]. | 2008 | 18277359 | |
| [italian pediatrician's consensus statement on anti-rotavirus vaccines. presentation]. | 2008 | 18277358 | |
| detection and distribution of rotavirus in municipal sewage treatment plants (stps) and surface water in beijing. | the aim of this study was to survey on the presence and distribution of rotavirus in sewage treatment plants (stps) and surface water samples in beijing. also, the rotavirus removal efficacies of wastewater treatment processes in three stps were discussed. sio2 was used to concentrate rotavirus particles from environmental water samples. a reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-nested pcr) method was used for detection of rotavirus. rotavirus could be detected from almost all ... | 2008 | 18273749 |
| emergence of g12 rotavirus strains in delhi, india, in 2000 to 2007. | the prospect that rotavirus diarrhea in children may soon be prevented by vaccines has placed a new priority on understanding the diversity of rotavirus strains and the mechanism by which these strains evolve over time. we have characterized a total of 465 rotavirus strains collected in north india from 2000 to 2007 for g and p types by reverse transcription-pcr and sequencing. the novel g12 rotavirus strains recently detected in other countries were first detected in india in 2001 and have emer ... | 2008 | 18272705 |
| australian rotavirus surveillance program: annual report, 2006-07. | the national rotavirus reference centre, together with collaborating laboratories australia-wide, conducts a laboratory based rotavirus surveillance program. this report describes the serotypes of rotavirus strains responsible for the hospitalisation of children with acute gastroenteritis during the period 1 july 2006 to 30 june 2007. one thousand and two faecal samples from across australia were examined using a combined approach of monoclonal antibody immunoassays, reverse transcription-polyme ... | 2007 | 18268877 |
| rotavirus vaccines: how they work or don't work. | in 2004 and 2006, two new rotavirus vaccines - rotarixtrade mark and rotateqtrade mark - were licensed worldwide. both are live virus vaccines and are composed of either a monovalent attenuated human rotavirus or five bovine-human reassortant rotaviruses, respectively. studies in humans and animals have reported correlations between rotavirus antibody levels and protection, the most consistent of which has been with rotavirus iga. cellular immunity was also found to have a role in protection aft ... | 2008 | 18267049 |
| changes in macromolecular transport appear early in caco-2 cells infected with a human rotavirus. | rotavirus is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis, but its interaction with intestinal mucosa is poorly understood. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of wa rotavirus (vp7 serotype 1) on barrier function in confluent caco-2 cell monolayers. wa is the most common serotype causing severe diarrhoea in humans. material and methods. we examined light and electron microscopic morphology, macromolecular transport, paracellular permeability, electrical parameters, disaccharidases and cyto ... | 2008 | 18266175 |
| is rotavirus a hepatotropic virus? | 2008 | 18264761 | |
| burden of rotavirus-associated and non-rotavirus-associated diarrhea among nonhospitalized individuals in central italy: a 1-year sentinel-based epidemiological and virological surveillance. | a community sentinel pediatrician-based epidemiological and virological surveillance study was conducted to estimate the incidence of gastroenteritis and laboratory-confirmed rotavirus-associated disease. the 1-year cumulative incidence of gastroenteritis in the cohort of children aged 0-5 years was 21%, with the highest rates in the 7-12-month and 13-18-month age groups (41.1% and 41.7%, respectively). approximately one-third of gastroenteritis cases requiring an office visit or telephone consu ... | 2008 | 18260756 |
| emergence of human rotavirus group a genotype g9 strains, wuhan, china. | of 322 stool specimens collected from children with diarrhea from october 2005 through september 2006 in wuhan, china, group a rotavirus was identified in 101 (31.4%). the most prevalent group a rotavirus genotype was g3p[8] (62.6%), followed by g1p[8](17.6%), g1+g3p[8](8.8%), g3p[4](6.6%), g1p[4](2.2%), and g9p[8](2.2%). the g9 strains were first detected in wuhan. | 2007 | 18258015 |
| predominance of rotavirus p[4]g2 in a vaccinated population, brazil. | we identified 21 rotaviruses in 129 patients with diarrhea in a brazilian city with high rotavirus vaccine coverage. all rotaviruses were genotype p[4]g2 with 1 mixed infection with p[nt]g9. although virus predominance could have occurred randomly, the vaccine may be less protective against p[4]g2. prospective surveillance is urgently needed. | 2007 | 18258011 |
| norovirus and gastroenteritis in hospitalized children, italy. | noroviruses were detected in 48.4% of 192 children (<3 years of age) hospitalized for gastroenteritis in palermo, italy, during 2004; predominant genotypes were ggiib/hilversum and ggii.4 hunter. of children with viral enteritis, 19.6% had a mixed norovirus-rotavirus infection. the severity of infection was lower for norovirus than for rotavirus but increased in co-infection. | 2007 | 18252118 |
| molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus strains isolated from the enteric contents of brazilian laying hens and broilers. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the causative agent of avian infectious bronchitis, which is characterized by respiratory, reproductive, and renal signs. however, the role of ibv as an enteric pathogen in still controversial. in brazil, antigenic groups of ibv divergent from the massachusetts serotype used for vaccination schedules in that country have already been demonstrated. the present study aimed to assess the different genotypes of ibv in brazilian commercial poultry flocks by partia ... | 2007 | 18251411 |
| admission to hospital with childhood acute gastroenteritis in kuala lumpur, malaysia. | mortality from acute diarrhoea in developed countries is low, but the morbidity and financial cost remains significant. a one-year prospective, descriptive, non-interventional, hospital-based study of acute gastroenteritis (age) was conducted in the year 2002 in the paediatric unit of university of malaya medical centre, kuala lumpur, an urban hospital in malaysia, to determine its morbidity and management. during the study period, 393 children with age were admitted, utilizing 0.50% of total pa ... | 2007 | 18246904 |
| development of a rapid and sensitive latex agglutination-based method for detection of group a rotavirus. | considering the background of morbidity and mortality caused by human rotavirus, detection methods that use rotavirus group antigen (vp6) in either enzyme immunoassay (eia) or latex agglutination test (lat) has been employed routinely in clinical diagnostic and epidemiological studies. in order to develop a rapid and sensitive rotavirus group a lat, part of segment 6 corresponding to conserved n-terminal portion of the vp6 (1-245 aa) was cloned in escherichia coli expression pgex vector (glutath ... | 2008 | 18241934 |
| near-atomic resolution using electron cryomicroscopy and single-particle reconstruction. | electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-em) yields images of macromolecular assemblies and their components, from which 3d structures can be determined, by using an image processing method commonly known as "single-particle reconstruction." during the past two decades, this technique has become an important tool for 3d structure determination, but it generally has not been possible to determine atomic models. in principle, individual molecular images contain high-resolution information contaminated by a m ... | 2008 | 18238898 |
| microbiology and management of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is a clinical syndrome of ischemic necrosis of the bowel of multiple etiological factors that include the presence of intestinal ischemia, abnormal bacterial flora, and intestinal mucosal immaturity. numerous reports have implied that the fecal microflora may contribute to the pathogenesis of nec. a broad range of organisms generally found in the distal gastrointestinal tract have been recovered from the peritoneal cavity and blood of infants with nec. the predomi ... | 2008 | 18236362 |
| estimating the costs of achieving the who-unicef global immunization vision and strategy, 2006-2015. | to estimate the cost of scaling up childhood immunization services required to reach the who-unicef global immunization vision and strategy (givs) goal of reducing mortality due to vaccine-preventable diseases by two-thirds by 2015. | 2008 | 18235887 |
| molecular epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea among children in saudi arabia: first detection of g9 and g12 strains. | in anticipation of rotavirus vaccine introduction in saudi arabia, this study was undertaken to determine the distribution of the g and p genotypes of rotaviruses in order to examine whether there was any emerging serotype or unusual strain circulating in children in saudi arabia. of 984 stool specimens collected between 17 april 2004 and 16 april 2005, rotavirus was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 187 (19%) diarrheal children less than 5 years of age. of these, 160 (86%) wer ... | 2008 | 18234870 |
| multiple combinations of p[13]-like genotype with g3, g4, and g5 in porcine rotaviruses. | epidemiological surveillance of porcine rotavirus (porv) strains was carried out in chiang mai province, thailand, from 2002 to 2003, and eight rotavirus isolates could not be completely typed by pcr. of these, six were g3 and one was g4 and displayed a p-nontypeable genotype, while another isolate was both g and p nontypeable. analysis of a partial vp4 gene of all eight p-nontypeable strains revealed a high degree of amino acid sequence identities (94.7% to 100%), suggesting that they belonged ... | 2008 | 18234859 |
| the vp7 genes of two g9 rotaviruses isolated in 1980 from diarrheal stool samples collected in washington, dc, are unique molecularly and serotypically. | in a retrospective study of archival diarrheal stool samples collected from 1974 to 1991 at children's hospital national medical center, washington, dc, we detected three genotype g9p[8] viruses in specimens collected in 1980, which represented the earliest human g9 viruses ever isolated. the vp7 genes of two culture-adapted 1980 g9 viruses were phylogenetically related closely to the lineage 2 g9 virus vp7 gene. unexpectedly, however, the vp7s of the 1980 g9 viruses were more closely related se ... | 2008 | 18234798 |
| molecular characterization of group a human rotaviruses in bangkok and buriram, thailand during 2004-2006 reveals the predominance of g1p[8], g9p[8] and a rare g3p[19] strain. | the aim of this study has been to determine the incidence of diverse human rotavirus strains circulating in thailand between october 2004 and april 2006 by means of molecular characterization. pediatric patients aged between 2 months and 5 years diagnosed with acute diarrhea (n=307) in bangkok and buriram, thailand were tested for human rotavirus a (rv-a) by rt-pcr. a total of 130 specimens (42.3%) were found rv-a positive and 126 were characterized by direct sequencing of the capsid glycoprotei ... | 2008 | 18228123 |
| [important issues of biological safety]. | the problem of biological security raises alarm due to the real growth of biological threats. biological security includes a wide scope of problems, the solution of which becomes a part of national security as a necessary condition for the constant development of the country. a number of pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus, exotic ebola and lassa viruses causing hemorrhagic fever,rotaviruses causing acute intestinal diseases, etc. were first discovered in the last century. terrorist ... | 2007 | 18225506 |
| [season and age related structure of acute intestinal infections morbidity in the russian federation]. | to study seasonal and age features of etiological structure of acute intestinal infections (aii) in the territory of the rf. | 2007 | 18219965 |
| global advisory committee on vaccine safety, 12-13 december 2007. | 2008 | 18219807 | |
| human bocavirus infection in children with gastroenteritis, brazil. | human bocavirus (hbov) was detected in 14 (2%) of 705 fecal specimens from brazilian children with gastroenteritis. coinfection with rotavirus, adenovirus, or norovirus was found in 3 (21.4%) hbov-positive specimens. none of the hbov-positive patients had respiratory symptoms. | 2007 | 18217564 |
| statement on the recommended use of pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine. an advisory committee statement (acs). | 2008 | 18217293 | |
| molecular characterization of a subgroup specificity associated with the rotavirus inner capsid protein vp2. | group a rotaviruses are classified into serotypes, based on the reactivity pattern of neutralizing antibodies to vp4 and vp7, as well as into subgroups (sgs), based on non-neutralizing antibodies directed against vp6. the inner capsid protein (vp2) has also been described as a sg antigen; however, little is known regarding the molecular determinants of vp2 sg specificity. in this study, we characterize vp2 sgs by correlating genetic markers with the immunoreactivity of the sg-specific monoclonal ... | 2008 | 18216104 |
| full genome-based classification of rotaviruses reveals a common origin between human wa-like and porcine rotavirus strains and human ds-1-like and bovine rotavirus strains. | group a rotavirus classification is currently based on the molecular properties of the two outer layer proteins, vp7 and vp4, and the middle layer protein, vp6. as reassortment of all the 11 rotavirus gene segments plays a key role in generating rotavirus diversity in nature, a classification system that is based on all the rotavirus gene segments is desirable for determining which genes influence rotavirus host range restriction, replication, and virulence, as well as for studying rotavirus epi ... | 2008 | 18216098 |
| rearrangements of rotavirus genomic segment 11 are generated during acute infection of immunocompetent children and do not occur at random. | group a rotaviruses are the main cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants. the viral genome consists of 11 double-stranded rna (dsrna) segments. dysfunction of the viral rna polymerase can lead to gene rearrangements, which most often consist of partial sequence duplication of a dsrna segment. gene rearrangements have been detected in vivo during chronic infection in immunodeficient children or in vitro during passages at a high multiplicity of infection in cell culture, suggesting that these r ... | 2008 | 18216096 |
| the cost-utility of rotavirus vaccination with rotarix (rix4414) in the netherlands. | the objective of this study was to estimate the cost-utility of mass vaccination of 0-4-year-old children with rotarix in the netherlands. we used a markov process with dutch data on incidence, resource use and costs (gp, hospitalisation, productivity loss and household costs) to compare vaccination to conventional treatment from a societal perspective. utility loss due to rotavirus-induced diarrhoea was measured using eq5d, with gps and paediatricians serving as proxies to fill out the question ... | 2008 | 18215445 |
| canine-origin g3p[3] rotavirus strain in child with acute gastroenteritis. | infection by an animal-like strain of rotavirus (pa260/97) was diagnosed in a child with gastroenteritis in palermo, italy, in 1997. sequence analysis of vp7, vp4, vp6, and nsp4 genes showed resemblance to a g3p[3] canine strain identified in italy in 1996. dogs are a potential source of human viral pathogens. | 2007 | 18214189 |
| stepping off the viral roundabout. | 2007 | 18210962 | |
| norovirus gastroenteritis among children in iraqi kurdistan. | of 260 children under age 5 years who were hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in kurdistan, iraq, between april and may 2005, 78 (30%) tested positive for norovirus by rt-pcr. these comprised genogroups gi (23%), gii (74%) and gi + gii (3%). among 28 noroviruses sequenced, gii/4 was the predominant genotype. | 2008 | 18205231 |
| individuals with selective iga deficiency resolve rotavirus disease and develop higher antibody titers (igg, igg1) than iga competent individuals. | while iga is proposed to be essential to control rotavirus disease, no information is available how iga deficient individuals modulate rotavirus disease and immune responses. in this study it was shown that patients (n = 62) with selective iga deficiency (iga-d) (<0.05 g/l) resolve rotavirus disease and show higher total igg and igg1 subclass antibody titers to rotavirus than iga proficient individuals (n = 62) (geometric mean titer, gmt) 18,101 vs. 4,000 (p < 0.005); 8,463 vs. 1691, (p < 0.005) ... | 2008 | 18205219 |
| changing profile of rotavirus in ireland: predominance of p[8] and emergence of p[6] and p[9] in mixed infections. | six hundred and thirty three fecal specimens were collected from patients under 6 years, suffering from non-bacterial, putative viral gastroenteritis in the south of ireland, between 2003 and 2006. following laboratory identification of rotavirus as the aetiological agent in 558 specimens, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify the vp7 and vp4 gene segments of 249 and 245 samples, respectively. g and p typing was subsequently carried out on these amplicons. g1 (6 ... | 2008 | 18205218 |
| genetic heterogeneity of porcine enteric caliciviruses identified from diarrhoeic piglets. | enteric caliciviruses (noroviruses and sapoviruses) are responsible for the majority of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans of all age groups. analysis of the polymerase and capsid genes has provided evidence for a huge genetic diversity, but the understanding of their ecology is limited. in this study, we investigated the presence of porcine enteric caliciviruses in the faeces of piglets with diarrhoea. a total of 209 samples from 118 herds were analysed and calicivirus rna was detected by ... | 2008 | 18204823 |
| rotavirus vaccines: an overview. | rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe diarrhea disease in infants and young children worldwide and continues to have a major global impact on childhood morbidity and mortality. vaccination is the only control measure likely to have a significant impact on the incidence of severe dehydrating rotavirus disease. in 1999, a highly efficacious rotavirus vaccine licensed in the united states, rotashield, was withdrawn from the market after 14 months because of its association with int ... | 2008 | 18202442 |
| rotavirus live, oral, pentavalent vaccine. | on february 3, 2006, the us food and drug administration (fda) approved a live, oral, pentavalent (g1-g4, p1[8]) human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis (rvge) in infants in the united states. the advisory committee of immunization practices of the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) and the american academy of pediatrics (aap) recommended routine immunization of infants using 3 doses of the oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (prv) ... | 2007 | 18201590 |
| vaccines: the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine: discovery to licensure and beyond. | twenty-five years passed between the discovery of the parent strain (wc3) of the pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (prv) in 1981 and the licensure of prv in 2006. this orally administered liquid vaccine, which is given as a 3-dose series, is indicated for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis, caused by the g serotypes contained in the vaccine, in infants and children. prv is recommended by the advisory committee on immunization practices and the american academy of pe ... | 2007 | 18198497 |
| expression and characterization of vp2 protein of human rotavirus a in a mammalian lung cell line. | a system for the expression and characterization of vp2 protein of human rotavirus a, strain g3 was established in the mammalian lung cell line (a549). expression of the recombinant vp2 (rvp2) protein was detected 48-72 hrs after transfection by western blotting. the rvp2 protein expressed in a549 cells formed intracellular core-like particles (clps) 30 nm in diameter detected by electron microscopy (em). these results showed that the a549 cells are suitable as efficient eukaryotic host for prod ... | 2007 | 18197733 |
| [immunization schedule of the spanish association of pediatrics: recommendations 2008]. | the vaccine advisory committee of the spanish association of pediatrics provides information on the new developments in vaccines that have taken place in 2007, based on the available evidence, and discusses these developments. certain modifications to the immunization schedule for 2008 are recommended. a second varicella vaccine booster dose, administered together with the booster dose of the measles-mumps-rubella (mmr) vaccine when children start school (3-4 years), is recommended to avoid vacc ... | 2008 | 18194631 |
| [ten-year retrospective study of rotavirus infection in the province of castellón (spain)]. | to determine the percentage of rotavirus infection in children aged less than 14 years old and the epidemiology in area 02 of the province of castellón (spain). | 2008 | 18194626 |
| complete characterisation of the american grass carp reovirus genome (genus aquareovirus: family reoviridae) reveals an evolutionary link between aquareoviruses and coltiviruses. | an aquareovirus was isolated from several fish species in the usa (including healthy golden shiners) that is not closely related to members of species aquareovirus a, b and c. the virus, which is atypical (does not cause syncytia in cell cultures at neutral ph), was implicated in a winter die-off of grass carp fingerlings and has therefore been called 'american grass carp reovirus' (agcrv). complete nucleotide sequence analysis of the agcrv genome and comparisons to the other aquareoviruses show ... | 2008 | 18191982 |
| molecular characterization of bovine rotavirus strains circulating in northern italy, 2003-2005. | a total of 232 stools collected from calves with rotavirus infection in herds located in northern italy from 2003 to 2005 was investigated. determination of the rotavirus g and p types was carried out using nested rt-pcr. g6 was the most prevalent genotype, accounting for 78.5% of samples, g10 accounted for 9.9% of samples and viruses of g8 type were found in 4.7% of samples. in 3% of samples, viruses were not classified due to concomitant infection with more g type strains, whereas viruses in 3 ... | 2008 | 18191347 |