Publications

primate embryonic stem cells.	primate embryonic stem (es) cells are derived from preimplantation embryos, have a normal karyotype, and are capable of indefinite, undifferentiated proliferation. even after culture for more than a year, primate es cells maintain the potential to differentiate to trophoblast and derivatives of embryonic endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. in this review, we compare the characteristics of es cell lines from two primate species, the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) and the common marmoset (callithrix ...	1998	9399078
inhibition of allergic encephalomyelitis in marmosets by vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding for myelin basic protein.	a primary demyelinating form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) resembling human multiple sclerosis (ms) occurs in callithrix jacchus marmosets following immunization with human white matter. participation of a t-cell immune response against myelin basic protein (mbp) in this disease model is supported by observations of increased reactivity against mbp in pbmc and of adoptive transfer of an inflammatory form of eae by mbp-reactive t-cells. to evaluate the effects of ectopic presen ...	1997	9394784
reproductive efficiency in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus): a longitudinal study from ovulation to birth monitored by ultrasonography.	this study examines reproductive efficiency in the common marmoset monkey, callithrix jacchus, using sequential ultrasound examinations to establish ovulation number, implantation rate, and incidence of prenatal loss. ultrasound was carried out with a 10 or 7.5 mhz probe in nonsedated animals, daily during the late follicular phase, approximately twice a week until day 20 after ovulation, and at days 35, 56, and 85 of pregnancy to enable visualization of gestation sacs, heartbeats, and fetal hea ...	1997	9379480
cell death during luteal regression in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	the mechanism controlling luteal regression in primates is unknown but may involve cell death by apoptosis. marmoset ovaries containing corpora lutea were studied at different stages of the normal ovarian cycle. two additional groups of animals underwent induced luteolysis with either the prostaglandin f2 alpha analogue, cloprostenol, or the gnrh antagonist, antarelix, at the mid-luteal phase. apoptosis in ovarian sections was estimated both by counting the number of cells exhibiting morphologic ...	1997	9370974
vasopressin in the forebrain of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus): studies with in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and receptor autoradiography.	the distribution of vasopressin (avp) producing cells, their projections and avp receptors was examined in the brain of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) using in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and receptor autoradiography. clusters of cells labeled for avp mrna or stained for avp immunoreactivity (avp-ir) were found in the paraventricular (pvn), supraoptic (son) and suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn) of the hypothalamus. scattered avp producing cells were also found in the lateral hypoth ...	1997	9369311
increased dopamine turnover in the putamen after mptp treatment in common marmosets.	the differences in dopamine turnover rate between the putamen and the caudate nucleus in the striatum lesioned by a neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) were studied in the common marmoset, a small new world monkey. systemic administration of mptp damaged equally and dose-dependently nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons projecting both to the caudate nucleus and the putamen. the compensatory increase of dopamine turnover, however, occurred more prominently in the putamen ...	1997	9367253
relationship between expression of integrins and granulosa cell apoptosis in ovarian follicles of the marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	dna fragmentation (apoptosis) was studied during the follicular, periovulatory and luteal phase in the marmoset monkey ovary by means of terminal transferase mediated in situ nick end labeling, and correlated with immunohistochemical localization of integrins (beta 1, alpha 2 and alpha 6 subunits). for this purpose a double-labeling technique was developed. during all phases, apoptosis of granulosa cells was exclusively restricted to tertiary follicles displaying advanced stages of atresia (as m ...	1997	9364802
report on primate supply for biomedical scientific work in the uk. eupren uk working party.	a working party of the uk group of european primate resources network (eupren) considered primate supply for scientific work in the uk. through a questionnaire, which achieved a very good response, it obtained details of primate use, sources and breeding in the uk and it put forward options to ensure that animal welfare is the best possible whilst ensuring continued supply. the questionnaire showed that contract research laboratories and pharmaceutical companies use about 80% of the 4233 primate ...	1997	9350698
proliferation and apoptosis in follicles of the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) ovary.	proliferation and apoptosis were studied in ovarian follicles of immature and pubertal marmosets and in mature marmosets during the follicular, periovulatory and luteal phases. proliferation was evaluated using a ki 67 antibody and apoptosis was assessed by in situ detection of dna fragmentation. in the immature animals only small follicles were present, and the expression of ki 67 was restricted to the granulosa cells of follicles localised near the medulla. there was no evidence of dna fragmen ...	1997	9341948
four-week repeated inhalation study of hcfc 225ca and hcfc 225cb in the common marmoset.	four male and three female marmosets in each group were exposed to air only, 1000 ppm of hcfc 225ca or 5000 ppm of hcfc 225cb, for 6 h per day for 28 consecutive days. hcfc 225ca caused a slight reduction in body weight. hcfc 225cb occasionally caused somnolence during exposure and vomiting on the first day of exposure. clinical chemistry findings included a mild reduction of triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid levels and increased got level in the hcfc 225ca exposure group. hcfc 225cb al ...	1997	9334832
social context affects phee call production by nonreproductive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	common marmosets produce two variants of their long call (phee call) in different situations. intergroup calls are produced in territorial situations, and intragroup separation calls are produced by marmosets isolated from group members. marmoset groups frequently include postpubertal, nonreproductive members; their roles in the spontaneous production of territorial vocalizations is unclear. this study analyzed the production of home cage phee calls by nonreproductive, postpubertal marmosets whi ...	1997	9327096
learning impairments following injection of a selective cholinergic immunotoxin, me20.4 igg-saporin, into the basal nucleus of meynert in monkeys.	four groups of monkeys (callithrix jacchus) were injected with saline or increasing amounts of the immunotoxin, me20.4 igg-saporin, directly into the basal nucleus of meynert via a frontal trajectory which avoided damage to the overlying basal ganglia. me20.4 igg binds to the primate p75 low-affinity neurotrophin receptor, when the saporin derivitized antibody is injected into the basal forebrain, it selectively destroys the magnocellular neurons of the basal nucleus of meynert which are the cel ...	1997	9300425
n-methyl-d-aspartate subunit r1 involvement in the postnatal organization of the primary visual cortex of callithrix jacchus.	it has been demonstrated that the primary visual cortex is highly sensitive to manipulations of the visual environment during a specific, early, postdevelopmental period: the critical period. pharmacological studies have shown that n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors are involved in the plasticity of the visual cortex just as they are involved in the induction of long-term potentiation (ltp), another activity-dependent form of plasticity. the setting up of synaptic connectivity in the neocorte ...	1997	9295151
effects of click intensity and frequency on the brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (baeps) were recorded in 20 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to investigate the effects of click frequency up to 99 khz, in consideration of the higher hearing range of the marmoset, and intensity on wave forms and peak latencies. according to the results of baep recordings at frequencies of 4, 32, and 99 khz, the number of components recorded was affected by the stimulus intensity and the clicks at an intensity of 80 db peak equivalent sound pressure l ...	1997	9271451
vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the forebrain of male and female common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	vasopressin (avp) and oxytocin (ot) immunoreactive (ir) neurons and fibers were examined in the forebrain of male and female common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). as expected from previous studies of cell distribution in the rodent and primate brain, avp-ir cells were most evident in the paraventricularis, supraopticus, and suprachiasmaticus of the hypothalamus. avp-ir cells were also widely distributed in the lateral hypothalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. a sexually dimorphi ...	1997	9268061
marmoset conspecific confrontation: an ethologically-based model of anxiety.	a method of measuring confrontation-induced behavioural changes in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) together with automated monitoring of locomotor activity has been developed as a possible model of anxiety. recording both affiliative and agonistic behaviours between male/female pairs of marmosets and using diazepam as a reference drug, it has been possible to define a profile of behavioural changes which could be regarded as representing an anxiolytic response. unfamiliar male/female pairs ...	1997	9264075
(-)-osu 6162 inhibits levodopa-induced dyskinesias in a monkey model of parkinson's disease.	we have studied the effects of two d2 dopamine receptor-selective compounds, (-)-osu 6162 and raclopride, on levodopa-induced dyskinesias in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-lesioned common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). three monkeys developed a severe parkinsonian syndrome following administration of mptp. in response to daily levodopa treatment the animals developed reproducible and idiosyncratic peak-dose dyskinesias. pretreatment with (-)-osu 6162 and raclopride, in dose ...	1997	9261828
number of ovulations in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus): relation to body weight, age and repeatability.	the relation between number of ovulations and body weight, age or maternal identity was examined in 69 ovarian cycles from 29 captive-born common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). specifically, we addressed the following questions: was there high repeatability of ovulation number? most of the variation in ovulation number was within, rather than between subjects. repeatability in number of ovulations was 0.081 (n = 20 females with 2-6 ovulatory cycles per female); was age related to number ...	1997	9261513
interactions between infant growth and survival: evidence for selection on age-specific body weight in captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the objective of this study is to investigate factors influencing infant survival in captive common marmosets. we investigated the influence of age-specific weight, litter size, caging, and the presence of helpers on survival to 6 months of age in 189 callithrix jacchus infants. infant survival was analyzed using cox proportional hazards regression, and fitness functions were plotted to explore the relationship between survival and growth. results indicate that weights at birth and 120 days sign ...	1997	9261508
spontaneous herpes simplex virus infection in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).		1997	9249183
calbindin immunoreactivity delineates the circadian visual centers of the brain of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and the thalamic pregeniculate nucleus (which includes the intergeniculate leaflet) comprise the circadian visual system in the primate brain. in this study, we used intraocular injections of cholera toxin subunit b to identify those nuclei in the common marmoset brain, and demonstrated that calbindin d-28k immunoreactivity apparently labels most neurons in both the suprachiasmatic and pregeniculate nuclei. these data suggest that calbindin d-28k could re ...	1997	9241439
idiopathic myelofibrosis (agnogenic myeloid metaplasia) in a marmoset (callithrix jacchus): hematologic and histopathologic changes.	idiopathic myelofibrosis (imf), or agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, was diagnosed in a sexually mature male marmoset (callithrix jacchus) based on the results of hematology and histopathologic evaluation of the bone marrow. the hematologic changes included pancytopenia, leukoerythroblastosis, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, and giant platelets. histopathologic evaluation of the bone marrow showed marked widespread fibrosis replacing hematopoietic cells and the presence of atypical megakaryocytes. in ...	1997	9240843
evidence that blue-on cells are part of the third geniculocortical pathway in primates.	colour vision in primates is mediated by cone opponent ganglion cells in the retina, whose axons project to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the visual thalamus. it has long been assumed that cone opponent ganglion cells project to the parvocellular layers of the geniculate. here, we examine the role of a third subdivision of the geniculocortical pathway: the interlaminar or koniocellular geniculate relay cells. we made extracellular recordings in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of ...	1997	9240412
the distribution of p75 neurotrophin receptor-immunoreactive cells in the forebrain of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the distribution of neurones that could be stained immunohistochemically with antibody to the p75 neurotrophin protein was studied in the forebrain of the common marmoset. the p75-immunoreactive forebrain cells appear to correspond to choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive (i.e., cholinergic) neurones. two populations of cells could be distinguished on the basis of the intensity of p75 immunostaining. moderately stained cells correspond to cholinergic interneurones of the caudate and putamen, ...	1997	9222533
local relaxin biosynthesis in the ovary and uterus through the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the female marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	the pattern of peripheral serum concentration for the peptide hormone relaxin in women points to the possibility of an interesting paracrine function in the cycle and early pregnancy. in order to investigate this physiology in detail, it was decided to examine local relaxin biosynthesis in an established primate model for human female reproductive function, the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). in this initial study relaxin biosynthesis was assessed using a combination of molecular and immun ...	1997	9222026
tumors of the respiratory tract observed at the german primate center, 1978-1994.	eight spontaneous pulmonary tumors (four bronchiolar tubular adenomas, two bronchiolar adenocarcinomas, two squamous-cell carcinomas) occurred in a total of 54 adult tree shrews (tupaia belangeri) of the gpc colonies between 1978 and 1994. the adenomas and adenocarcinomas consisted of tubularly or trabecularly arranged cuboidal to cylindrical cells interspersed with some pas-positive goblet cells, thus resembling the epithelial lining of respiratory bronchioles of tree shrews. the two squamous-c ...	1996	9210028
a local oxytocin system is part of the luteinization process in the preovulatory follicle of the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	luteinization is a complex differentiation process involving the interaction of extrinsic and intraovarian factors. the aim of this study was to examine the components of an intraovarian oxytocin (ot) system during the periovulatory period in the marmoset monkey, as well as the possible relationship of these components to other factors involved in the luteinization process, using immunohistochemistry and cell culture techniques. ovaries were collected on day 7 of the follicular phase (before the ...	1997	9209075
immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptor-alpha within the testis and excurrent ducts of the rat and marmoset monkey from perinatal life to adulthood.	the sites of action and the physiological role of oestrogens in the male reproductive tract are poorly understood. we have undertaken a systematic study of the immunoexpression of oestrogen receptor-alpha (er alpha) in the male rat from late fetal life through to adulthood and compared the findings with results obtained in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) from neonatal to adult life. the testes, rete testis, efferent ducts and epididymis were examined from normal male rats (aged 4, 8, 10 ...	1997	9204003
direct demonstration of persistent epstein-barr virus gene expression in peripheral blood of infected common marmosets and analysis of virus-infected tissues in vivo.	epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection in animal model systems has been studied previously in marmosets and tamarins using serology and pcr of saliva. here we directly demonstrated long-term persistence of ebv in the peripheral blood of marmosets by assaying eber rna expression. a new reverse transcription-pcr assay, able to distinguish a naturally occurring strain polymorphism in eber 2 that may be useful as a strain marker for monitoring persistence and interactions between multiple strains in the ...	1997	9191939
nitric oxide synthase inhibition and mptp-induced toxicity in the common marmoset.	nitric oxide, produced following activation of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors, may be involved in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) toxicity since nmda receptor antagonists have been shown to prevent mptp induced nigral cell loss in primates. common marmosets were treated with either saline or mptp or l-ngnitro arginine methyl ester (l-name) or mptp and l-name. mptp-treated common marmosets showed motor deficits including bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor accompanied by ...	1997	9183819
the expression of sf-1/ad4bp is related to the process of luteinization in the marmoset (callithrix jacchus) ovary.	expression of the nuclear receptor, steroidogenic factor-1 (sf-1/ad4bp), was studied in a primate (marmoset) ovary using immunohistochemical, rt-pcr, and immunoblot techniques. the periovulatory phase was compared with the luteal phase. with pcr we found a marmoset homolog of sf-1/ad4bp to be expressed in ovarian and other steroidogenic tissues. characteristically, the periovulatory ovaries consisted of growing (non-luteinized) small follicles together with large luteinizing follicles and many c ...	1997	9151117
hepatic hemosiderosis in common marmosets, callithrix jacchus: effect of diet on incidence and severity.	we examined the effect of dietary iron concentration on the incidence of hepatic hemosiderosis in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) and assessed the impact of hemosiderosis on animal health. thirteen young adult common marmosets were fed nutritionally balanced natural-ingredient diets formulated to contain either 100 or 500 ppm of iron. six were fed the low-iron and seven received the high-iron diet. baseline blood values and liver iron content were determined for each animal. animals were w ...	1997	9150491
five new or recently discovered (gbv-a) virus species are indigenous to new world monkeys and may constitute a separate genus of the flaviviridae.	in previous studies, human hepatitis viruses have been experimentally transmitted to new world monkeys of the genus saguinus (tamarins). recently, two flaviviridae-like agents (gbv-a and gbv-b) were identified in tamarins that developed hepatitis following inoculation with serum of the 11th tamarin passage of a potentially new human hepatitis agent. however, it was not shown that these viruses originated from the initial inoculum. we here report the discovery of indigenous species-specific virus ...	1997	9126255
oxytocin and oxytocin receptor expression in reproductive tissues of the male marmoset monkey.	using a combination of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to detect specific mrna and immunohistochemistry employing antibodies that recognize two different epitopes for each molecule, the local production of oxytocin (ot) and its cognate receptor was investigated in the male marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). there was synthesis of both ot and the oxytocin receptor (otr) within the testis, and both were markedly expressed within the leydig cells. a weak staining for both ot and ...	1997	9116141
cutaneous representations of the hand and other body parts in the cuneate nucleus of a primate, and some relationships to previously described cortical representations.	dynamic properties of primate somatosensory maps are dependent on normal central adjacencies of cutaneous representations. the cuneate nucleus is an important brainstem processing center of cutaneous information. surprisingly, there are no descriptions of functional representations of the skin in the primate cuneate nucleus; as a result, the relationships of functional representations at the brainstem level and other levels of the somatosensory neuraxis remain obscure. the present neurophysiolog ...	1996	9110422
fertilization-promoting peptide in reproductive tissues and semen of the male marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	fertilization-promoting peptide (fpp) is present in the prostate gland and semen of some mammals, and has been shown to enhance the fertilizing ability of both epididymal mouse and ejaculated human spermatozoa. the novel peptide may prove of importance for the treatment of some cases of male infertility, and a suitable animal model would be useful to test this hypothesis. to this end, we examined reproductive tissues and semen of the male marmoset for the presence of fpp. peptides were extracted ...	1997	9110322
toxoplasmosis in a colony of new world monkeys.	in a colony of new world monkeys five tamarins (saguinus oedipus, saguinus labiatus and leontopithecus rosal. rosal.), three marmosets (callithrix jacchus and callithrix pygmaea) and one saki (pithecia pithecia) died suddenly. the colony comprised 16 marmosets, 10 tamarins and three sakis. the main pathological findings were necrotic lesions in the lung, the intestine, and the liver. histopathologically t. gondii parasites were observed in organs from the tamarins and the marmosets but not in th ...	1997	9106950
creation of a model for multiple sclerosis in callithrix jacchus marmosets.	multiple sclerosis (ms) is an inflammatory disease of the cns white matter characterized pathologically by the accumulation of perivascular and parenchymal t lymphocytes (t cells), and macrophage infiltration associated with myelin destruction. ms lesions are also characterized by the death of oligodendrocytes (the myelin-producing cells) and proliferation and hypertrophy of astrocytes with scar tissue (gliosis) replacing normal myelin. these changes result in the loss of axonal conduction for n ...	1997	9106075
functional characterization and purification of an intracellular vitamin d-binding protein in vitamin d-resistant new world primate cells. amino acid sequence homology with proteins in the hsp-70 family.	most genera of new world primates exhibit resistance to vitamin d. these monkeys harbor high circulating concentrations of the prohormone 25-hydroxyvitamin d and the active vitamin d hormone 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin d. previous work from this laboratory indicated that resistance is associated with the overexpression of a 60-65-kda intracellular protein that binds vitamin d metabolites competitively. in the current studies 25-[3h]hydroxyvitamin d3 (25-ohd3) was used as a competitive ligand to inves ...	1997	9079669
brain-stem auditory evoked potentials in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (baeps) were recorded in 10 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) to investigate the effects of recording electrode configurations, stimulus rate, and stimulus frequency on baep wave forms and peak latencies. tone burst stimulations were used to evaluate the effects of pure tone on baep wave forms. five positive peaks superimposed on positive and negative slow potentials were identified in the baep recorded at the linkage between the vertex and the dorsal ba ...	1997	9076252
escape from social suppression of sexual behavior and of ovulation in female common marmosets.		1997	9071400
competition and chemical communication in wild groups of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).		1997	9071391
comparative study on age-dependent development of surface receptors on peripheral blood lymphocytes in children and young nonhuman primates (marmosets).	general conformity was found concerning age-dependent changes in the major subsets (cd4, cd8, cd2, cd20) and the adhesion molecules cd11a and cd29 on peripheral blood lymphocytes in children and young marmosets (callithrix jacchus). differences exist in the expression of the surface receptors cd45ra and cd56. taking the total number of white blood cells into account, an age-related increase in the absolute numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes was found in marmosets whereas in children, an age ...	1997	9064482
comparative chromosomal study of five taxa of genus callithrix, group jacchus (platyrrhini, primates).	the karyotypes of four marmoset species of the callithrix jacchus group (c. aurita, c. kuhlii, c. geoffroyi, and c. penicillata) were investigated. the patterns of g-, c-, and nor-bands of these karyotypes were compared with those of c. jacchus, previously described, in order to clarify the taxonomic relationships of this species group. all species present 2n = 46, 14 uni- and 30 biarmed autosomes, a median size submetacentric x chromosome, and the same nor-band patterns. no rearrangement or con ...	1997	9064198
birth of offspring following artificial insemination in the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus.	the objective of the study was to develop a method for artificial insemination (ai) in the common marmoset, a new world primate species. for ai to be successful, sperm must be deposited at an appropriate site and time in the female reproductive tract, details of which are currently not available for callitrichid species. epididymal sperm were deposited in the cervix of 18 marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) around the time of expected ovulation using either 3, 2, or 1 inseminations. six out of ...	1997	9064196
behavioral and social correlates of escape from suppression of ovulation in female common marmosets housed with the natal family.	although female common marmosets typically do not breed while housed with their natal families, up to half ovulate at least once while housed with the intact natal family, and a similar proportion conceive if an unrelated adult male is present in the group. in this study, we investigated the behavioral and social correlates of escape from suppression of ovulation by daughters housed in intact natal families or in families in which the father had been replaced by an unrelated adult male. focal-an ...	1997	9064194
development of an enzyme-immunoassay (eia) for the measurement of follicle-stimulating-hormone (fsh) in callitrichid primates using a monoclonal antibody against the human-fsh-beta-subunit.	despite the importance of callitrichid primates in both biomedical and conservation research, practical and reliable immunoassays for the measurement of follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) have not yet been described. a panel of monoclonal antibodies against specific peptide fragments within either the alpha or beta subunit of human fsh was evaluated for their ability to recognize fsh from callitrichid and other new world primates. one of these, monoclonal antibody 46.3h6.b7 raised against human ...	1997	9057964
familial influences on ovulatory function in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	previous studies have indicated that many, but not all, female common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) housed with their natal families undergo social suppression of ovulation. in this study, we further characterized ovulatory activity in common marmoset daughters to determine the prevalence of social suppression of ovulation and to elucidate familial influences on daughters' ovarian activity. blood samples were collected twice weekly from each of 46 daughters for 5-12 months, usually beginning wh ...	1997	9057963
the morphology and distribution of horizontal cells in the retina of a new world monkey, the marmoset callithrix jacchus: a comparison with macaque monkey.	the morphology and distribution of horizontal cells was studied in the retina of a new world monkey, the marmoset, callithrix jacchus, and compared with that of the old world macaque monkey. horizontal cells in macaque and marmoset were either labelled with the carbocyanine dye, dii, and then photoconverted, or were labelled by intracellular injection with neurobiotin. the marmoset has two types of horizontal cell, h1 and h2, which have dendritic and axonal morphology similar to their counterpar ...	1997	9057275
morphological analysis of the blue cone pathway in the retina of a new world monkey, the marmoset callithrix jacchus.	we have studied the components of the short wavelength-sensitive (sws or "blue") cone pathway in the retina of a new world primate, the marmoset callithrix jacchus. of particular interest was the small bistratified ganglion cell, which has been identified in macaque monkey to be the morphological substrate of the blue-on cell (dacey and lee [1994] nature 367:731-735). small bistratified cells were intracellularly filled with neurobiotin in an in vitro retinal wholemount preparation. their morpho ...	1997	9050786
age of epiphyseal closure in tamarins and marmosets.	estimates of the chronological age for animals of unknown age provide useful information for medical, demographic, and evolutionary studies. skeletal development, as indicated by epiphyseal closure, can be used to estimate an animal's chronological age or specify its stage of development. many studies of primate skeletal development have used animals of unknown age, with the order of epiphyseal closure providing a relative age for each animal. this study examines the age of epiphyseal closure at ...	1997	9050370
location and developmental regulation of androgen receptor in primate ovary.	locally produced androgens act via granulosa cell androgen receptors to modulate follicular responsiveness to gonadotrophins and thereby contribute to the paracrine regulation of ovarian function. we used quantitative androgen receptor immunocytochemistry to assess androgen receptor distribution in relation to pre-ovulatory follicular development in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a new world primate that ovulates two to four follicles in each approximately 28 day ovarian cycle. ovarie ...	1997	9043913
characterization of the tcrb chain repertoire in the new world monkey callithrix jacchus.	callithrix jacchus is an outbred new world primate characterized by a naturally occurring bone marrow chimerism, restricted polymorphism at many mhc loci, and unusual susceptibility to viral pathogens, adenocarcinoma, colitis, and, following immunization with myelin antigens, a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system closely resembling human multiple sclerosis. here we characterize the tcrb repertoire in this species, representing the first such analysis in a new world monkey. two tc ...	1997	9013960
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity in non-human primates is antagonized by pretreatment with nimodipine at the nigral, but not at the striatal level.	the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) has been shown to induce parkinsonism in man and non-human primates. hypotheses concerning the mechanism of action of mptp have been related to the pathogenesis of nigral cell death in parkinson's disease. for instance, alterations of calcium influxes have been reported to be implicated in both mptp-induced parkinsonism and parkinson's disease. recently, we reported that nimodipine, a blocker of l-type calcium channels, prevents ...	1996	9001722
clinical pathologic changes in two marmosets with wasting syndrome.	two sexually mature marmosets (callithrix jacchus) showing clinical signs similar to those seen in wasting marmoset syndrome (weight loss, decreased muscle mass, and alopecia) were evaluated for clinical and anatomic pathologic changes. the most prominent clinical pathologic alterations included macrocytic normochromic anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels, and previously unreported changes of thrombocytosis. the princ ...	2017	8994297
occurrence of an infanticide within a captive polygynous group of common marmosets, callithrix jacchus.		1996	8990517
cardiac-like musculature of the intrapulmonary venous wall of the long-clawed shrew (sorex unguiculatus), common tree shrew (tupaia glis) and common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	the cardiac-like musculature is distributed not only in the heart wall but also in the intrapulmonary venous wall in a few species of insectivores. it has been suggested that the evolutionary origin of venous cardiac-like musculature may be traceable to a basic stock of certain mammalian lines of descent. so, it is important to clarify whether the musculature may be a common structure in lower mammals from insectivores to primates and to examine the functional significance of the structure.	1997	8986302
parallel processing in cerebral cortex of the marmoset monkey: effect of reversible si inactivation on tactile responses in sii.	1. responsiveness within the hand region of the second somatosensory area of cortex (sii) was investigated in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) in association with cooling-induced, reversible inactivation of the primary somatosensory area, si. the aims were to determine whether thalamocortical systems in this primate species are organized according to a serial scheme in which tactile information is conveyed from the thalamus to si and thence to sii as the next hierarchical level of proces ...	1996	8985863
immunocytochemical localization of zp3 in primordial follicles of rabbit, marmoset, rhesus monkey and human ovaries using antibodies against human zp3.	active immunization with zona pellucida (zp) proteins leads to depletion of primordial and recruited follicles in the ovary by a yet unknown mechanism. small amounts of zp present on primordial follicles or granulosa cells may be one of the reasons for this ovarian pathology. this study was undertaken in an attempt to identify the presence of zp in or on primordial follicles and granulosa cells in ovaries of rabbits, common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), rhesus monkeys (macacas mulatta) and hum ...	1996	8984187
evaluation of zona pellucida antigens as potential candidates for immunocontraception.	antibodies directed against the zona pellucida can interrupt sperm-egg recognition in vitro. however, the mechanisms by which anti-zona antibodies exert this contraceptive effect in vivo remain uncertain. there is an accumulating body of evidence to suggest that active immunity against zona antigens not only induces infertility via an antibody-mediated interruption of sperm--egg interaction but also disrupts normal ovarian function. we have evaluated the consequence of inducing active immunity a ...	1996	8984181
the potential of the zona pellucida as a target for immunocontraception.	to investigate the contraceptive potential of the zona pellucida.	1996	8962643
allergic encephalomyelitis in common marmosets: pathogenesis of a multiple sclerosis-like lesion	experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that has been extensively studied as a model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (ms). here we describe the characteristics of a novel form of eae developed in a nonhuman primate. in callithrix jacchus marmosets (c. jacchus), immunization with whole brain white matter induces a primary demyelinating disease with a relapsing-remitting chronic course, closely resembling human ms. ...	1996	8954853
inducibility of cytochromes p-450 by dioxin in liver and extrahepatic tissues of the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	cytochrome p-450 induction was investigated in the marmoset monkey, a non-human primate, using dioxins as inducing agents. animals received a single subcutaneous dose of 1.6 nmol tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin/kg body weight. microsomal fractions were prepared from liver, lung and kidney, and homogenates were prepared from gut and adrenal glands. anti-peptide antibodies which bind to cyp1a1, cyp1a2, cyp2b6 and cyp3a4 in human were used to identify related forms in the ...	1996	8948497
expression of protamine p2 in the testis of the common marmoset and man visualized using non-radioactive in-situ hybridization.	information on the organization of the spermatogenic cycle of the common marmoset (callíthrix jacchus), a small new world primate, is limited to a single histological report on the differentiation of spermatids. in the present study we have used non-radioactive in-situ hybridization with a crna probe directed against marmoset protamine 2, on fixed sections of marmoset and human testis to elucidate the organization of mature germ cells within the seminiferous epithelium. specificity of the probe ...	1996	8940659
the effects of cage size and complexity on the behaviour of captive common marmosets, callithrix jacchus jacchus.	conditions of captivity of primates used in biomedical research may have deleterious effects on the welfare of the animals and consequently on the reliability of the research. we investigated the effects of cage size and cage complexity, two fundamental characteristics of captive conditions, on the behaviour of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus jacchus). we found an increase in the general level of activity and significant variation in the frequencies of specific behaviours with an increas ...	1996	8938618
the digestive strategy of the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus.	digestive tract morphology and function were studied in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a small (350 g) exudivore with a well-developed caecum. transit times (times of first appearance of the markers in the faeces following a pulse dose in the food) were similar for co-edta, which marks the fluid phase of the digesta, and cr-mordanted cell walls, which marked the large (600-1200 microns) particulate phase of the digesta. however, mean retention time (the average time taken for the mark ...	1996	8925425
immunisation of common marmosets with vaccinia virus expressing epstein-barr virus (ebv) gp340 and challenge with ebv.	epstein-barr virus (ebv) is the cause of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with a variety of life-threatening diseases in humans. therefore the development of an effective vaccine is an important objective. many of the initial studies of vaccine efficacy analyse the ability of vaccine preparations to prevent the induction of lymphomas in cottontop tamarins by the b95-8 strain of ebv. we used a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing gp340, vma1, tested previously in the cotton-top tamarin ...	1996	8923292
parallel organization of somatosensory cortical areas i and ii for tactile processing.	1. the two principal tactile processing areas in the cerebral cortex, somatosensory areas i and ii, receive direct projections from the thalamus and, as well, are linked through intracortical reciprocal connections. tactile information may therefore be conveyed to sii, for example, over either a direct path from the thalamus or an indirect, or serial, path from the thalamus via si. 2. reports in recent years that tactile responsiveness within the hand area of sii was abolished by surgical ablati ...	1996	8911737
stereoselective distribution of the teratogenic thalidomide analogue em12 in the early embryo of marmoset monkey, wistar rat and nmri mouse.	thalidomide administration during early gestation results in specific and dramatic limb defects in primates, but not in laboratory rodents such as the rat and mouse. the thalidomide analogue em12 [2-(2,6-dioxopiperidine-3-yl)-phthalimidine] was used in the present study because this compound is metabolically more stable and teratogenically more potent than thalidomide in the monkey. we have administered the pure enantiomers, since we have previously shown that s-em12 proved to be much more terat ...	1996	8896721
natural and induced ovarian synchrony in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia).	ovarian cycle synchrony was assessed in spontaneously cycling female golden lion tamarins by monitoring longitudinal (16 mo) urinary steroid metabolite (estrone conjugates; pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide, pdg) excretion in four pairs (n = 8) of females isolated from males. the overall mean ovarian cycle duration was 18.5 +/- 0.3 days (n = 136 cycles; mean range, 15.7-21.0 days), and there was no evidence of reproductive seasonality. laparoscopic ovarian examinations confirmed that cyclic fluct ...	1996	8879503
the biobehavioral consequences of psychogenic stress in a small, social primate (callithrix jacchus jacchus).	the biobehavioral consequences of psychogenic stress were examined using neuroendocrine and ethological methods in a captive colony of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus jacchus). specifically, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis reactivity was evaluated as a function of gender and social status in four consecutive social environments [(1) stable heterosexual pairs; (2) isolation; (3) unstable peer groups; and (4) stable peer groups], by measuring both basal plasma cortisol, adrenocortic ...	1996	8874833
morphology of retinal ganglion cells in a new world monkey, the marmoset callithrix jacchus.	we studied the morphology of retinal ganglion cells in a diurnal new world primate, the marmoset callithrix jacchus. this species is of interest as a model for primate vision because it has good behavioural visual acuity, and the retina and subcortical visual pathways are very similar to those of old world monkeys and humans. ganglion cells were labelled by placing small crystals of the carbocyanin dye dii into the optic fibre layer, or by intracellular injection of neurobiotin. two main classes ...	1996	8866847
comparison of photoreceptor spatial density and ganglion cell morphology in the retina of human, macaque monkey, cat, and the marmoset callithrix jacchus.	we studied the relationship between the morphology of ganglion cells and the spatial density of photoreceptors in the retina of two old world primates, human and macaque monkey; the diurnal new world marmoset callithrix jacchus; and the cat. ganglion cells in macaque and marmoset were labelled by intracellular injection with neurobiotin or by dii diffusion labelling in fixed tissue. cone photoreceptor densities were measured from the same retinas. supplemental data for macaque and data for human ...	1996	8866846
biochemical and morphological characterization of vascular and lymphocytic interleukin-4 receptors.	the distribution of the interleukin (il)-4 receptor in normal human and common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) tissues was examined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies specific for the human il-4 receptor to gain further insight into il-4-mediated inflammatory and immunological events. il-4 receptor positivity was unequivocally demonstrated on lymphocytes, predominantly t cells, and on blood vessels in many tissues. vascular il-4 receptor immunofluorescence consist ...	1996	8863684
visuotopic organisation of striate cortex in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus).	the visuotopic organisation of the primary visual cortex (v1) was studied by extracellular recordings in adult male marmosets (callithrix jacchus) that were anaesthetised with sufentanil/nitrous oxide and paralysed with pancuronium bromide. extensive sampling of the occipital region in four individuals and partial coverage of v1 in five others allowed not only the establishment of the normal visuotopy but also the study of interindividual variability. as in other primates, there was a single, co ...	1996	8863130
collection of semen from marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) for experimental use by vaginal washing.	assisted reproductive techniques make an important contribution to the conservation of endangered primate species. in our laboratories marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) are used as a model species for developing assisted reproductive technologies for new world primates. the studies require a reliable method for collecting functional sperm from these small animals. for this purpose a minimally invasive procedure, vaginal washing after natural mating, was evaluated for its suitability as a rou ...	1996	8843051
metabolism of reproductive steroids during the ovarian cycle in two species of callitrichids, saguinus oedipus and callithrix jacchus, and estimation of the ovulatory period from fecal steroids.	gonadal steroids were measured in daily fecal samples providing comparative data on steroid metabolism in two genera of new world primates. circulating bioactive lh and progesterone concentrations and fecal progesterone, pregnanediol, estradiol, and estrone concentrations were measured by collecting blood and daily fecal samples from four captive common marmoset females and four cotton-top tamarin females for 30 days. high recoveries (> 80%) of labeled steroids that were added directly to the fe ...	1996	8838005
dopamine d3 receptors in the basal ganglia of the common marmoset and following mptp and l-dopa treatment.	the distribution of the dopamine d3 receptor was studied by receptor autoradiography using [3h]7-oh-dpat in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). saturation studies demonstrated that [3h]7-oh-dpat bound with similar affinity to different regions of marmoset brain. in normal marmosets, specific [3h]7-oh-dpat binding was found in both striatal and extrastriatal regions. very high levels of specific [3h]7-oh-dpat binding were detected in the islands o ...	1996	8833762
pluripotent cell lines derived from common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) blastocysts.	we report the derivation of eight pluripotent cell lines from common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) blastocysts. these cell lines are positive for a series of markers (alkaline phosphatase, ssea-3, ssea-4, tra-1-60, and tra-1-81) that characterize undifferentiated human embryonal carcinoma cells and rhesus embryonic stem cells. all eight cell lines had a modal chromosome number of 46; seven cell lines were xx and one was xy. two cell lines (cj11 and cj62) were cultured continuously for over a yea ...	1996	8828827
enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds	the methylation of inorganic arsenic to monomethylarsonic acid (mma) and dimethylarsinic acid (dma) have been generally considered to be the major pathway for inorganic arsenic biotransformation and detoxification. yet, when arsenate/arsenite is injected into the callithrix jacchus (marmoset) monkey or chimpanzee, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid are not found in the urine. with the development of a rapid assay for the methyltransferases of arsenic metabolism, we have investigated ...	1996	8813004
intraventricular infusion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) in the mptp-treated common marmoset.	basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) prevents damage to the nigrostriatal system in rodents. we now report the effects of bfgf administered by intraventricular infusion to adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) previously rendered parkinsonian by the administration of 1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp). infusion commenced 10 weeks after mptp treatment and the animals received bfgf in low (1.8 micrograms/l), medium (18 micrograms/l), or high (180 micrograms/l) doses over a 2 ...	1996	8807747
enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds. iii. the marmoset and tamarin, but not the rhesus, monkeys are deficient in methyltransferases that methylate inorganic arsenic.	the methylation of inorganic arsenic to monomethylarsonic acid (mma) and dimethylarsinic acid (dma) have been generally considered to be the major pathway for inorganic arsenic biotransformation and detoxification. yet, when arsenate/arsenite is injected into the callithrix jacchus (marmoset) monkey or chimpanzee, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid are not found in the urine. with the development of a rapid assay for the methyltransferases of arsenic metabolism, we have investigated ...	1996	8806872
hemorrhagic typhlocolitis associated with attaching and effacing escherichia coli in common marmosets.	we describe the necropsy results from three common marmosets presented during an outbreak of hemorrhagic diarrhea in a colony of 230 common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). necropsy revealed consistent hemorrhagic typhlocolitis and variable ileitis associated with gram-negative bacilli closely adherent to enterocytes. electron microscopy revealed bacilli attached intimately to shallow cup-like projections of enterocyte apical membranes with loss of microvilli (attaching and effacing). escherichia ...	1996	8799932
gongylonematiasis in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	two cases of gongylonematiasis in common marmosets of two research facilities in germany are reported. the helminthiasis was transmitted from colony a to colony b by one infected female and within colony b by cockroaches (blatella germanica). four of 40 cockroaches examined in colony b were infected with rhabditiform larvae. clinical signs of disease in the infected animals consisted of intense itching and scratching of the edematous and slightly hyperemic perioral tissues. histologically the ad ...	1996	8799930
induction of cytochromes p450 by dioxins in liver and lung of marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus).		1996	8794239
monitoring and controlling reproduction in captive common marmosets on the basis of urinary oestrogen metabolites.	non-invasive methods for routine monitoring of reproductive states and reproduction control in large colonies of captive callithrix jacchus have been developed. immunoactive urinary oestrone-3-conjugates (e1c) were measured during non-conception cycles (n = 5) and pregnancy (n = 7). using plasma progesterone levels to time ovulation, ovulation was quantitatively estimated by a) calculating the first e1c rise and b) by establishing an e1c threshold. ovulation was thus defined as taking place 4 da ...	1996	8783179
amphetamine induces fos-like immunoreactivity in the striatum of primates.	injections of d-amphetamine (5 mg/kg) three hours before sacrifice were found to elicit robust fos-like immunoreactivity in the striatum of cynomolgus monkeys and of the common marmoset. labeled cells were most frequently observed in the medial portion of the caudate nucleus and were distributed in a patchy fashion. comparison with adjacent sections stained for the calcium binding protein calbindin indicated that the patches of amphetamine induced labeling corresponded to the calbindin-poor stri ...	1996	8782873
specular microscopy of the corneal endothelial cells in common marmosets.	the corneal endothelia of 12 female common marmosets (age: 12-18 months) were examined with a contact-type specular microscope under general anesthesia. the specular microscopy showed uniform-sized, hexagonal endothelia arranged regularly on the innermost layer of the cornea. the endothelial plane was smooth; however, it occasionally had irregular undulation or parallel folds. the cell density (cells/mm2) in common marmosets was similar to that in cynomolgus monkeys.	1996	8777241
spontaneous lesions detected in the common cotton-eared marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	spontaneous lesions in the common cotton-eared marmosets (callithrix jacchus), which were maintained in our laboratory or were purchased from a commercial breeder, were examined histopathologically. there were 39 males and 22 females, between the ages of 7 and 100 months. the most interesting finding noted was extramedullary hematopoiesis, which was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidney, adrenal gland, and cerebral choroid plexus. megakaryocytes were frequently observed i ...	1996	8777223
studies on the immunoglobulin-e system of the common marmoset in comparison with human data.	in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus jacchus) immunoglobulin e (ige) serum levels and ige synthesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) in vitro were investigated in order to look for homologies to the human system. while ige was not found in marmoset blood plasma with three commercial antihuman ige-kits with monoclonal antibodies (mabs), two other kits using polyclonal antibodies against human ige revealed detectable ige concentrations of up to 10 ku/liter in plasma samples of 19 ...	1996	8761025
expression of integrins in marmoset (callithrix jacchus) ovary during folliculogenesis.	integrins were localized immunohistochemically in marmoset ovaries (callithrix jacchus) of defined cycle stages. with monoclonal antibodies against beta 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 6 integrin subunits, immunoreactivity was predominantly found in ovaries of the follicular phase. in the luteal phase, non-luteal cells, e.g. fibroblasts or endothelial cells expressed beta 1, alpha 2, or alpha 6 integrins. immunostaining for the beta 1 subunit was strongest in granulosa cells of all growing follic ...	1996	8760853
distribution of hippocampal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor mrna in a glucocorticoid resistant nonhuman primate.	glucocorticoids regulate the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through both mineralocorticoid (mr) and glucocorticoid (gr) receptors in the hippocampus. in addition, glucocorticoids down-regulate hippocampal expression of mr and gr mrna and protein, presumably decreasing their own effect. marmosets are a new world primate characterized by extraordinarily high levels of circulating acth and cortisol. the relative glucocorticoid insensitivity of these animals to their massive lev ...	1996	8750435
chronic l-dopa administration induces dyskinesias in the 1-methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	dyskinesias occur in the majority of patients with parkinson's disease chronically treated with l-dopa and also occur in several nonhuman primate species after 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) and l-dopa treatment. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) shows parkinsonian motor deficits after mptp administration, and we now report dyskinesias occurring in this species during chronic l-dopa exposure. marmosets rendered chronically parkinsonian after mptp administration were tr ...	1995	8749992
representation of a species-specific vocalization in the primary auditory cortex of the common marmoset: temporal and spectral characteristics.	1. the temporal and spectral characteristics of neural representations of a behaviorally important species-specific vocalization were studied in neuronal populations of the primary auditory cortex (a1) of barbiturate-anesthetized adult common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), using both natural and synthetic vocalizations. the natural vocalizations used in electrophysiological experiments were recorded from the animals under study or from their conspecifics. these calls were frequently produced in ...	1995	8747224
acute mptp treatment produces no changes in mitochondrial complex activities and indices of oxidative damage in the common marmoset ex vivo one week after exposure to the toxin.	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) has been shown to cause a parkinsonian syndrome in man and non-human primates. hypotheses concerning the pathogenetic mechanisms of mptp toxicity on nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons relate to impairment of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. however, surprisingly few primate studies addressed these issues ex vivo. thus, the present study assessed the enzyme activities of the respiratory chain, gsh/gssg and ubiquinol/ubiquinone conte ...	1996	8746763
genetic and environmental impacts on litter size and early infant survival in three species of callitrichids.	callitrichids are unusual among anthropoid primates in that they can deliver one to four offspring per litter in captivity. factors underlying intraspecific variation in litter size are unclear. data from the oak ridge associated universities (orau) marmoset research center provided an opportunity to investigate determinants of variation in (1) average litter size at birth and (2) average litter size surviving to 2 weeks of age in saguinus fuscicollis, s. oedipus, and callithrix jacchus. the obj ...	2003	8742821
patterns of prenatal survival in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus).	fifty common marmoset pregnancies were monitored using ultrasound. the objective was to ascertain if fetal mortality was related to litter size. prior to analysis we determined abortion rate and litter size were not influenced by repeated ultrasound. mortality was unrelated to litter size and occurred fairly late in gestation. all singletons born in this study began gestation as twins. it is hypothesized that marmosets may be able to adjust litter size late in pregnancy in response to proximate ...	1996	8740954
topography of ganglion cells and photoreceptors in the retina of a new world monkey: the marmoset callithrix jacchus.	we studied the anatomical substrates of spatial vision in a new world monkey, the marmoset callithrix jacchus. this species has good visual acuity and a foveal specialization which is qualitatively similar to that of humans and other old world primates. we measured the spatial density of retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors, and calculated the relative numbers of these cell populations. we find that ganglion cells outnumber photoreceptors by between 2.4:1 and 4.2:1 in the fovea. the peak sa ...	1996	8737285
maturation of sperm motility in the epididymis of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and the cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis).	the acquisition by spermatozoa of the capacity for movement upon liberation from the epididymal duct into buffer is one of the obvious changes associated with sperm maturation and, hence, studies of sperm kinematics might provide good indices for sperm maturation. profiles of development in the movement pattern of spermatozoa taken from six regions of the epididymis were established in marmoset and cynomolgus monkeys using computer-assisted sperm analysis. motion of spermatozoa from initial regi ...	1996	8737043
functional architecture of area 17 in normal and monocularly deprived marmosets (callithrix jacchus).	the organization of the primary visual cortex (vi) of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) was studied both physiologically and by means of transneuronal labelling of geniculocortical afferents. we addressed the question whether monocular deprivation (md) could stabilize segregation into ocular dominance (od) columns, which are not seen in normal adult marmosets but are present in juvenile animals (spatz, 1979, 1989). properties of neurons in normal marmosets closely resembled those of other ...	1996	8730996