Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| a novel monoclonal antibody against a60 antigen of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin. | mycobacterium contains several immunologically active substances, which play a principal role in mycobacterial diseases. the majority of the highly antigenic proteins present in mycobacterial homogenates are components of the a60 complex. in this study, a60 antigen was prepared from cytoplasm of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg). cytoplasm was fractionated by passage through the column of sepharose 6b and cona-sepharose 4b. after purification of spleen cells of the immunized mic ... | 2010 | 20568995 |
| imaging tuberculosis with endogenous beta-lactamase reporter enzyme fluorescence in live mice. | the slow growth rate and genetic intractability of tubercle bacilli has hindered progress toward understanding tuberculosis, one of the most frequent causes of death worldwide. we overcame this roadblock through development of near-infrared (nir) fluorogenic substrates for beta-lactamase, an enzyme expressed by tubercle bacilli, but not by their eukaryotic hosts, to allow real-time imaging of pulmonary infections and rapid quantification of bacteria in living animals by a strategy called reporte ... | 2010 | 20566877 |
| immune response of balb/c mice against an experimental vaccine of alum precipitated autoclaved leishmania major (alum-alm) mixed with bcg or mycobacterium vaccae. | immune response in balb/c mice immunized 3 times with different doses (50 μg or 200 μg of protein) of alum precipitated autoclaved leishmania major (alum-alm) mixed with either bcg (1x10(7); cfu) or different doses of killed mycobacterium vaccae (1x10(6), 1x10(7)) was assessed. mice immunized with low dose of alum-alm mixed with either bcg or low m. vaccae showed a significantly higher ifn-gamma production and a lower il-4 level and a significantly lower parasite burden compared to the control p ... | 2010 | 20562818 |
| plasmodium falciparum 19 kda of merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1(19)) expressed in mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette guerin (bcg) is reactive with an inhibitory but not a blocking monoclonal antibody. | proteins on the surface of plasmodium falciparum merozoites are good targets for vaccine development against malaria because they are accessible to antibodies in the plasma. the 19 kda c-terminus of merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1(19)) has been shown to induce both inhibitory as well as blocking antibodies, the latter blocking the protective effects of the former. inhibitory antibodies bind to msp-1(19) and inhibit merozoite invasion of red blood cells (rbc) but the binding of blocking antibo ... | 2010 | 20562815 |
| heterologous expression of genes in mycobacteria. | elucidating the function of mycobacterial proteins, determining their contribution to virulence, and developing new vaccine candidates has been facilitated by systems permitting the heterologous expression of genes in mycobacteria. mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette guérin (bcg) and mycobacterium smegmatis have commonly been employed as host systems for the heterologous expression of mycobacterial genes as well as genes from other bacteria, viruses, and mammalian cells. vectors that permit str ... | 2009 | 20560073 |
| construction of unmarked deletion mutants in mycobacteria. | site-specific recombinases such as the saccharomyces cerevisiae flp and the p1 phage cre proteins have been increasingly used for the construction of unmarked deletions in bacteria. both systems consist of an antibiotic resistance gene flanked by recognition sites in direct orientation and a curable plasmid for temporary expression of the respective recombinase gene. in this chapter, we describe strategies and methods of how to use sequence-specific recombination mediated by flp and cre to const ... | 2009 | 20560070 |
| an investigation of clinical and immunological events following repeated aerodigestive tract challenge infections with live mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette guérin. | bacille calmette guérin substrain moreau rio de janeiro is an attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis that has been used extensively as an oral tuberculosis vaccine. we assessed its potential as a challenge model to study clinical and immunological events following repeated mycobacterial gut infection. seven individuals received three oral challenges with approximately 10(7) viable bacilli. clinical symptoms, t-cell responses and gene expression patterns in peripheral blood were monitored. clin ... | 2010 | 20558246 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis activates human macrophage peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma linking mannose receptor recognition to regulation of immune responses. | mycobacterium tuberculosis enhances its survival in macrophages by suppressing immune responses in part through its complex cell wall structures. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma), a nuclear receptor superfamily member, is a transcriptional factor that regulates inflammation and has high expression in alternatively activated alveolar macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells, both cell types relevant to tuberculosis pathogenesis. in this study, we show that virulen ... | 2010 | 20554962 |
| delineation of the roles of fadd22, fadd26 and fadd29 in the biosynthesis of phthiocerol dimycocerosates and related compounds in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | phthiocerol and phthiodiolone dimycocerosates (dims) and phenolic glycolipids (pgls) are complex lipids located at the cell surface of mycobacterium tuberculosis that play a key role in the pathogenicity of tuberculosis. most of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds are clustered on a region of the m. tuberculosis chromosome, the so-called dim + pgl locus. among these genes, four orfs encode fadd proteins, which activate and transfer biosynthetic intermediates onto various po ... | 2010 | 20553505 |
| [a case of fatal disseminated infection caused by mycobacterium bovis bcg strain and the identification of the isolate by spoligotyping]. | the vaccine strain mycobacterium bovis bcg may lead to disseminated infection in patients with immune deficiency. in this report a patient who developed fatal disseminated tuberculosis caused by m. bovis bcg strain was presented. one year old male patient with the previous history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infection, was admitted to the hospital with the complaints of fever, cough and diarrhea continuing for 20 days. there was no family history of tuberculosis or history of contact wi ... | 2010 | 20549966 |
| [retrospective analysis of tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis 2004 - 2008]. | mycobacterium bovis is a rare cause of tuberculosis in germany. epidemiological data are sparse. | 2010 | 20544586 |
| enhanced protection against tuberculosis by vaccination with recombinant bcg over-expressing hspx protein. | immunization with mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guerin (bcg) did not induce adequate th1 responses to the latency antigen, hspx of m. tuberculosis. to increase the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bcg, a recombinant bcg strain over-expressing antigen hspx (rbcg::x) was constructed. the recombinant strain rbcg::x expressed high levels of both hspx protein in the cytosol and ag85b protein in the cytosol and supernatant. mice vaccinated with rbcg::x produced a more consistent and en ... | 2010 | 20538090 |
| the application of adjuvant autologous antravesical macrophage cell therapy vs. bcg in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a multicenter, randomized trial. | while adjuvant immunotherapy with bacille calmette guérin (bcg) is effective in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (bc), adverse events (aes) are considerable. monocyte-derived activated killer cells (mak) are discussed as essential in antitumoural immunoresponse, but their application may imply risks. the present trial compared autologous intravesical macrophage cell therapy (bexidem) to bcg in patients after transurethral resection (turb) of bc. | 2010 | 20529333 |
| biochemical characteristics among mycobacterium bovis bcg substrains. | in order to evaluate the biochemical characteristics of 14 substrains of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette guérin (bcg) - russia, moreau, japan, sweden, birkhaug, danish, glaxo, mexico, tice, connaught, montreal, phipps, australia and pasteur - we performed eight different biochemical tests, including those for nitrate reduction, catalase, niacin accumulation, urease, tween 80 hydrolysis, pyrazinamidase, p-amino salicylate degradation and resistance to thiophene 2-carboxylic acid hydrazide. ... | 2010 | 20529131 |
| decrease in the effectiveness of bacille calmette-guérin vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis: a consequence of increased immune suppression by microbial antioxidants, not overattenuation. | mutations that arose in bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) daughter strains during decades of in vitro cultivation have long been suspected of reducing the efficacy of the bcg vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis. although concern was raised 6 decades ago that bcg had become overattenuated, preferential use of relatively virulent bcg vaccines has not restored efficacy. the recent discovery that as bcg evolved its production of antioxidants increased as a consequence of genomic duplications and othe ... | 2010 | 20524854 |
| bovine tuberculosis: the genetic basis of host susceptibility. | the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in the uk remains a significant economic burden and problem for the agri-food industry. much effort has been directed towards improving diagnostics, finding vaccine candidates and assessing the usefulness of badger culling. the contribution that host genotype makes to disease outcome has, until recently, been overlooked; yet, it is biologically untenable that genetic variation does not play a role. in this review, we highlight the evidence, past and pr ... | 2010 | 20519223 |
| protective effects of combined mycobacterium bovis bcg and interleukin-12 vaccination on airway inflammation in a murine model of allergic asthma. | allergic asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness driven by allergen-specific t helper (th)2 cells. mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccination has been documented to suppress th2 responses and allergic airway inflammation in animal models. since interleukin (il)-12 is capable of inhibiting th2 responses, we sought to investigate whether il-12 could function as an adjuvant to increase the efficacy of bcg vaccination against allergic ... | 2010 | 20519099 |
| [reactivation of tuberculosis with mycobacterium bovis infection of the oral mucosa during immunosuppression]. | a 70-year-old woman who had for five years been treated with tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-a-inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis was admitted because of treatment-refractory oral ulcerations and persisting considerable soft-tissue swelling over the left maxilla. | 2010 | 20514598 |
| prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in jigawa state, northwestern nigeria. | we determined the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in jigawa state, northwestern nigeria using the comparative intradermal tuberculin test in 22 herds consisting of 922 cattle with overall and individual prevalence of 1.08% (10/922) and 45.45% (10/22) obtained, respectively. | 2010 | 20512412 |
| biochemical characterization of the maltokinase from mycobacterium bovis bcg. | maltose-1-phosphate was detected in mycobacterium bovis bcg extracts in the 1960's but a maltose-1-phosphate synthetase (maltokinase, mak) was only much later purified from actinoplanes missouriensis, allowing the identification of the mak gene. recently, this metabolite was proposed to be the intermediate in a pathway linking trehalose with the synthesis of glycogen in m. smegmatis. although the m. tuberculosis h37rv mak gene (rv0127) was considered essential for growth, no mycobacterial mak ha ... | 2010 | 20507595 |
| molecular characterization of mycobacterium bovis isolates from ethiopian cattle. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is a widespread and endemic disease of cattle in ethiopia. information relating to genotypic characteristics of mycobacterium bovis strains affecting the cattle population in ethiopia is limited. we carried out molecular characterization of m. bovis strains isolated from btb infected cattle using the spoligotyping technique. the relationship between distribution of spoligotypes and recorded variables was also investigated. a new approach that can numerically reflect the ... | 2010 | 20507576 |
| adjuvant engineering for cancer immunotherapy: development of a synthetic tlr2 ligand with increased cell adhesion. | the development of effective immunoadjuvants for tumor immunotherapy is of fundamental importance. the use of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin cell wall skeleton (bcg-cws) in tumor immunotherapy has been examined in various clinical applications. because bcg-cws is a macromolecule that cannot be chemically synthesized, the development of an alternative synthetic molecule is necessary to ensure a constant supply of adjuvant. in the present study, a new adjuvant was designed based on t ... | 2010 | 20507323 |
| [construction and expression of recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg with the ompa-like membrane protein gene loa22 of leptospira interrogans serovar]. | to study the immunity of loa22 from leptospira interrogans serovar lai strain 56601 by expressing its protein in bcg. | 2010 | 20506632 |
| t-cell-oriented vaccination against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2010 | 20505270 | |
| oral polio vaccine influences the immune response to bcg vaccination. a natural experiment. | oral polio vaccine (opv) is recommended to be given at birth together with bcg vaccine. while we were conducting two trials including low-birth-weight (lbw) and normal-birth-weight (nbw) infants in guinea-bissau, opv was not available during some periods and therefore some infants did not receive opv at birth, but only bcg. we investigated the effect of opv given simultaneously with bcg at birth on the immune response to bcg vaccine. | 2010 | 20502641 |
| [response of mouse macrophage cell line infected with bacille calmette-guerin in vitro]. | to illuminate the response of mouse macrophage cell line raw264.7 after infected with bacille calmette-guerin (bcg) in vitro. | 2010 | 20499643 |
| development of infection model for studying intracellular gene expression of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis complex owe their ability to cause infection because of their intracellular survival ability in professional phagocytic cells of human and the ability to enter into stage ofdormancy. the aim of this study was to develop an infection model that could be used to study m. tuberculosis and macrophage interactions at molecular level. four infection models were examined namely opsonised m. bovis bcg / j774.2 macrophage cell line, non-opsonised m. bovis bcg / j774.2 macrophag ... | 2009 | 20499625 |
| development of avian influenza virus h5 dna vaccine and mdp-1 gene of mycobacterium bovis as genetic adjuvant. | abstract: | 2010 | 20497569 |
| isolation of mycobacterium bovis from a feral wild boar (sus scrofa) in the uk. | 2010 | 20495174 | |
| [acute reactive arthritis after intravesical instillation of bacillus calmette-guérin. two case reports and literature review]. | intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) therapy-associated articular complications are uncommon, occurring in only 0.5 to 1% of the patients. | 2010 | 20494494 |
| [disseminated bcg infection in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma]. | bacillus calmette-guërin--a live, attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis has been used in immunotherapy of patients with superficial urinary bladder carcinoma. some patients develop complications after intravesical instillation of bcg: high temperature followed by hematuria or granulomatous prostatits, epidydimoorchitis, urethral obstruction, and less than 1% have a systemic disease followed by dissemination of bacteria into other organs. | 2009 | 20491388 |
| [the construction and expression of rv3872 as a member of virulent protein secret system from mycobacterium tuberculosis in bacillus calmette-guerin]. | to construct, express and identify a recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pet-3872 carrying rv3872 of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv strain, and to construct the recombinant bacillus calmette-guerin (rbcg) strain expressing rv3872 (pe35)of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv strain. | 2010 | 20487645 |
| investigating the induction of vaccine-induced th17 and regulatory t cells in healthy, mycobacterium bovis bcg-immunized adults vaccinated with a new tuberculosis vaccine, mva85a. | tuberculosis (tb) remains a threat to global health. while advances in diagnostics and treatment are crucial to the containment of the epidemic, it is likely that elimination of the disease can only be achieved through vaccination. vaccine-induced protection from mycobacterium tuberculosis is dependent, at least in part, on a robust th1 response, yet little is known of the ability of tb vaccines to induce other t-cell subsets which may influence vaccine efficacy. interleukin-17a (il-17a) is a pr ... | 2010 | 20484570 |
| safety and immunogenicity of novel recombinant bcg and modified vaccinia virus ankara vaccines in neonate rhesus macaques. | although major inroads into making antiretroviral therapy available in resource-poor countries have been made, there is an urgent need for an effective vaccine administered shortly after birth, which would protect infants from acquiring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) through breast-feeding. bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is given to most infants at birth, and its recombinant form could be used to prime hiv-1-specific responses for a later boost by heterologous vectors delivering the ... | 2010 | 20484495 |
| dendritic cells from mycobacteria-infected mice inhibits established allergic airway inflammatory responses to ragweed via il-10- and il-12-secreting mechanisms. | previous studies have demonstrated that mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) infection can inhibit de novo and established allergen-induced asthma-like responses. the aim of this study was to examine the role of dendritic cells (dcs) in bcg infection-mediated inhibition of established allergy to a common environmental allergen--ragweed. the results showed that adoptive transfer of dcs from bcg-infected mice (dc[bcg]), in contrast to dcs from naive mice (dc[naive]), significantly in ... | 2010 | 20483754 |
| trichoderins, novel aminolipopeptides from a marine sponge-derived trichoderma sp., are active against dormant mycobacteria. | three new aminolipopeptides, designated trichoderins a (1), a1 (2), and b (3), were isolated from a culture of marine sponge-derived fungus of trichoderma sp. as anti-mycobacterial substances with activity against active and dormant bacilli. the chemical structures of trichoderins were determined on the basis of spectroscopic study. trichoderins showed potent anti-mycobacterial activity against mycobacterium smegmatis, mycobacterium bovis bcg, and mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv under standard ... | 2010 | 20483615 |
| characterization of human cellular immune responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins encoded by genes predicted in rd15 genomic region that is absent in mycobacterium bovis bcg. | rd15 is a genomic region of difference (rd) present in mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv but absent in all strains of mycobacterium bovis bcg. rd15 contains genes encoding proteins of mammalian cell entry (mce3a-f), important for the invasion and survival of m. tuberculosis in host cells. in this study, we have evaluated cellular immune responses to rd15 proteins using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from pulmonary tuberculosis patients and m. bovis bcg-vaccinated healthy subjects. pbmc ... | 2010 | 20482628 |
| phylogenetic analysis and prokaryotic expression of nmaap1 derived from bcg-activated murine macrophages. | bcg-activated macrophages exerted anti-tumor activities. cell surface molecules play an important role in mediating endocytosis by macrophages. in the previous study, we identified a group of 454 membrane proteins specifically expressed on bcg-activated mouse macrophages, including a protein named nmaap1 (novel macrophage activated associated protein). in this study, we aligned the full-length nucleotide sequences of nmaap1 and its homologous sequences to construct its phylogenetic tree, and clo ... | 2011 | 20478616 |
| thymic stromal lymphopoietin plays an adjuvant role in bcg-mediated cd8(+) cytotoxic t cell responses through dendritic cell activation. | although bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) has historically emerged as a potent adjuvant in cancer immunization through dendritic cell (dc) activation, the efficacy of its antitumor effect has been limited. therefore, the strategy of adjuvant therapy using bcg needs to be improved by adding enhancers. here we found that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (tslp) acts as an enhancer for the bcg-mediated antitumor effect. while bcg-stimulated dcs induced cd8(+) t cell production of ifn-gamma without strong ... | 2010 | 20471323 |
| identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in bangladesh by a species distinguishable multiplex pcr. | species identification of isolates belonging to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) seems to be important for the appropriate treatment of patients, since m. bovis is naturally resistant to a first line anti-tuberculosis (tb) drug, pyrazinamide, while most of the other mtc members are susceptible to this antimicrobial agent. a simple and low-cost differentiation method was needed in higher tb burden countries, such as bangladesh, where the prevalence of m. bovis among people or cattle h ... | 2010 | 20470432 |
| differential conformational behaviors of alpha-mycolic acids in langmuir monolayers and computer simulations. | phase diagrams of langmuir monolayers of alpha-mycolic acids (alpha-mas) from representative slow growing mycobacteria were intensively analyzed over a range of temperatures, by using so-called type-1 alpha-mas having two cis-cyclopropyl groups from mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac) and type-3 alpha-ma, having one cis-cyclopropyl and one cis-double bond from mycobacterium bovis bcg and mac. their intrachain groups are either c ... | 2010 | 20465994 |
| preparation of a working seed lot of bcg and quality control by pcr genotyping. | the bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) was obtained in 1920 after successive passages leading to the attenuation of a mycobacterium bovis strain. for the following 40 years, bcg had been replicated, resulting in substrains with genotypic and phenotypic differences. several genomic studies have compared two bcg strains, m. bovis and mycobacterium tuberculosis, and observed that deleted regions in the different strains could be related to differences in antigenic properties. in this work, a working se ... | 2010 | 20461286 |
| marek's disease virus vp22 enhances potentially the immune response of esat-6/cfp-10 against mycobacterium bovis infection. | currently available vaccines against mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, do not provide reliable efficacy and there is therefore a need for a novel vaccine with improved efficacy. here, we use protein transduction technology to deliver dna vaccines expressing mycobacterial antigens directly to target cells. we used various protein transduction domain (ptd) proteins including the vp22 conjugate from marek's disease virus serotype 1 (mdv-1), as delivery systems for dna constr ... | 2010 | 20458447 |
| immunogenicity and protection induced by a mycobacterium tuberculosis sige mutant in a balb/c mouse model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis. | tuberculosis is still one of the main challenges to human global health, leading to about two million deaths every year. one of the reasons for its success is the lack of efficacy of the widely used vaccine mycobacterium bovis bcg. in this article, we analyze the potential use of an attenuated mutant of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv lacking the sigma factor sigma(e) as a live vaccine. we have demonstrated that balb/c mice infected by the intratracheal route with this mutant strain showed sign ... | 2010 | 20457786 |
| temperature-dependent regulation of mycolic acid cyclopropanation in saprophytic mycobacteria: role of the mycobacterium smegmatis 1351 gene (msmeg_1351) in cis-cyclopropanation of alpha-mycolates. | the cell envelope is a crucial determinant of virulence and drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis. several features of pathogenesis and immunomodulation of host responses are attributable to the structural diversity in cell wall lipids, particularly in the mycolic acids. structural modification of the alpha-mycolic acid by introduction of cyclopropane rings as catalyzed by the methyltransferase, pcaa, is essential for a lethal, persistent infection and the cording phenotype in m. tubercu ... | 2010 | 20457615 |
| evaluation of mycobacterium tuberculosis specific rd antigens for delayed type hypersensitivity responses in guinea pig. | tuberculin skin test (tst), an age old method is based on measuring delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response to purified protein derivative (ppd). however, inspite of simplicity, ease and cost effectiveness, the usefulness of ppd test is limited due to its inability to distinguish among a protective immune response, latent infection and active tuberculosis disease. on the other hand, a skin test based on rd antigens would add advantages of a high specificity of antigens with the logistics of ... | 2010 | 20455320 |
| concurrent outbreak of tuberculosis and caseous lymphadenitis in a goat herd. | 2010 | 20453237 | |
| a case of generalized bovine tuberculosis in a sheep. | the present report describes a rare case of generalized bovine-type tuberculosis in a slaughtered 4-year-old ewe discovered during routine surveillance at an abattoir. a postmortem examination revealed lesions in the ewe's thoracic and abdominal cavities, ranging from encapsulated, mineralized foci to extensive, soft, caseous tissue. lesions in the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes were consistent with mycobacterial infection. a histopathological examination detected granulomatous lesions in all tis ... | 2010 | 20453224 |
| lipid droplet-associated proteins are involved in the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of triacylglycerol in mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin. | mycobacteria store triacylglycerols (tgs) in the form of intracellular lipid droplets (lds) during hypoxia-induced nonreplicating persistence. these bacteria are phenotypically drug-resistant and therefore are believed to be the cause for prolonged tuberculosis treatment. lds are also associated with bacilli in tuberculosis patient sputum and hypervirulent strains. although proteins bound to lds are well characterized in eukaryotes, the identities and functions of such proteins have not been des ... | 2010 | 20452973 |
| [test results of purified protein derivative of bacillus calmette guerin of 248 children]. | to understand bacillus calmette guerin (bcg) vaccination quality, analysis of problems and impact factors so as to promote safe and effective vaccination. | 2010 | 20450075 |
| boosting with mycobacterial heparin-binding haemagglutinin enhances protection of mycobacterium bovis bcg-vaccinated newborn mice against m. tuberculosis. | heterologous prime-boost regimens are a valuable strategy to improve the generation of effector-memory t cell responses against intracellular pathogens. in this study we show that newborn mice vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) and boosted with heparin-binding haemagglutinin (hbha) had enhanced protective immunity against intranasal or aerosol mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge over non-boosted mice, as evidenced by a considerable reduction of mycobacterial load in spleen and lung. ... | 2010 | 20447476 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 6 are associated with altered lipopeptide- and mycobacteria-induced interleukin-6 secretion. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are critical mediators of the immune response to pathogens. the influence of human tlr6 polymorphisms on susceptibility to infection is only partially understood. most microbes contain lipopeptides recognized by tlr2/1 or tlr2/6 heterodimers. our aim was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in tlr6 are associated with altered immune responses to lipopeptides and whole mycobacteria. we sequenced the tlr6 coding region in 100 healthy south african adults ... | 2010 | 20445564 |
| [clinical analysis of 18 children with disseminated bacille calmette-guérin infection]. | to explore the clinical manifestation, immune abnormality and outcome of disseminated bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) infection in children. | 2010 | 20441707 |
| leprosy in medieval denmark--osteological and epidemiological analyses. | a total of 3033 skeletons from 11 medieval danish cemeteries and 99 skeletons from the north scandinavian medieval site of westerhus were examined for seven lesions indicative of leprosy. the seven lesions are: rounding to the edge of the nasal aperture, degeneration of spina nasalis anterior, degeneration of the alveolar process of the pre-maxilla, porosity or perforation of the palatine process of maxilla, sub-periostal exostoses on the fibula, general swelling of the shaft of the fibula, and ... | 2009 | 20440960 |
| primary tooth abscess caused by mycobacterium bovis in an immunocompetent child. | bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease, and although its incidence has dramatically decreased in developed countries where effective control measures are applied, it still remains a potential health hazard in the developing world. tuberculosis of the oral cavity is extremely rare and is usually secondary to pulmonary involvement. we present the unusual case of an immunocompetent 6-year-old child residing in an urban area with primary oral tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis, which was con ... | 2010 | 20437277 |
| growth, cell division and sporulation in mycobacteria. | bacteria have the ability to adapt to different growth conditions and to survive in various environments. they have also the capacity to enter into dormant states and some bacteria form spores when exposed to stresses such as starvation and oxygen deprivation. sporulation has been demonstrated in a number of different bacteria but mycobacterium spp. have been considered to be non-sporulating bacteria. we recently provided evidence that mycobacterium marinum and likely also mycobacterium bovis ba ... | 2010 | 20437098 |
| cytokine interactions that determine the outcome of mycobacterial infection of macrophages. | macrophages are the target cells for mycobacterial infections. they are also largely responsible for intracellular killing of mycobacteria, which is dependent on the cytokine environment. interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is chiefly responsible for macrophage activation and bactericidal capacity while th2 cytokines have a contrasting effect. however, cytokines rarely act in isolation during an infection. instead, multiple cytokines, both activating and inhibitory, are present and their concentration ... | 2010 | 20434357 |
| dosr-regulon genes induction in mycobacterium bovis bcg under aerobic conditions. | in this report we demonstrated that under aerobic conditions, mycobacterium bovis bcg expressing an hsp60-driven second copy of the hypoxia-related transcriptional regulator dosr increased 2-fold or greater the expression of 38 out of the 48 genes belonging to the dosr regulon, including the latency antigens rv1733c, rv2029, rv2627, and rv2628. expression of dosr under these conditions slightly delayed in vitro growth, but did not promote a non-replicating state as opposed to microaerobic and hy ... | 2010 | 20421176 |
| muc1-based recombinant bacillus calmette-guerin vaccines as candidates for breast cancer immunotherapy. | the challenge in breast cancer vaccine development is to find the best combination of antigen, adjuvant and delivery system to produce a strong and long-lasting immune response. mucin 1 (muc1) is a potential candidate target for breast cancer immunotherapy. bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) is used widely in human vaccines. furthermore, it can potentially offer unique advantages for developing a safe and effective multi-vaccine vehicle. due to these properties, the development of muc1 based recombi ... | 2010 | 20420512 |
| recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg expressing chimaeric protein of ag85b and esat-6 enhances immunostimulatory activity of human macrophages. | recombinant bcg strain that secretes the chimaeric protein of ag85b and esat-6 has been demonstrated to augment th1 immune response in c57bl/6 mice. in this paper, we studied the immunostimulatory activity of the recombinant bcg strains in vitro and found out that rbcg-a(n)-e-a(c) activated thp-1 cells and induced higher expression levels of cd86, cd80, cd40 and hla-dr, especially increased the ratio of cd86/cd80. likewise, rbcg-a(n)-e-a(c) infection was able to stimulate an increase in tnf-alph ... | 2010 | 20417300 |
| expression and immunogenicity of the mycobacterial ag85b/esat-6 antigens produced in transgenic plants by elastin-like peptide fusion strategy. | this study explored a novel system combining plant-based production and the elastin-like peptide (elp) fusion strategy to produce vaccinal antigens against tuberculosis. transgenic tobacco plants expressing the mycobacterial antigens ag85b and esat-6 fused to elp (tbag-elp) were generated. purified tbag-elp was obtained by the highly efficient, cost-effective, inverse transition cycling (ict) method and tested in mice. furthermore, safety and immunogenicity of the crude tobacco leaf extracts wer ... | 2010 | 20414351 |
| should intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin be employed in transplant recipients with bladder carcinoma? | bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) exerts its antitumor activity through induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while immunosuppressive agents prevent organ rejection by suppressing pro-inflammatory and promoting anti-inflammatory responses. thus, in the setting of transplant populations, the use of intravesical bcg for bladder cancer has the possibility of either promoting allograft rejection or being rendered ineffective by the action of immunosuppressive agents that block pro-inflammatory respo ... | 2010 | 20412534 |
| bovine tuberculosis in buffaloes, southern africa. | 2010 | 20409396 | |
| the relationship between tuberculin response, bcg vaccine scar and asthma. | recent studies have proposed that a decline in bacterial infections such as tuberculosis is a factor underlying the rising prevalence and severity of atopic disorder in developed countries. there are conflicting ideas about the inverse relationship between bcg (bacillus calmette-guerin) vaccination and asthma. stronger response to tuberculin test as an indicator of more potent th1 response is supposed to influence th2 modulated allergic reactions. bcg scar considered as an indicator of th1 - imm ... | 2009 | 20404391 |
| tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis in a camargue horse. | 2010 | 20400743 | |
| tracing the origins of mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in humans in the usa to cattle in mexico using spoligotyping. | to compare genotypes of mycobacterium bovis strains from humans in southern california with genotypes of m. bovis strains in cattle in mexico and the usa to explore the possible origins of human infections. | 2010 | 20399697 |
| risk factors for herd breakdown with bovine tuberculosis in 148 cattle herds in the south west of england. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is caused by mycobacterium bovis. the disease has a long latent period, heterogenous spread, can infect many species and can persist in the environment. in the uk, the rate of herd breakdowns (hbd) with btb is increasing. a retrospective cohort study of 148 cattle herds was set up to investigate risk factors for hbd from october 2001 to november 2004. herds were selected from farms located in the randomised badger culling trial (rbct) and comprised holdings (24%) that w ... | 2010 | 20399521 |
| integrated data collection on zoonoses in the european union, from animals to humans, and the analyses of the data. | the european community (ec) has been collecting for 15 years data on zoonoses and agents thereof that integrate the information from human cases and their occurrence in food and animals. the current data collection covers 11 zoonotic agents: salmonella, campylobacter, listeria, verotoxigenic e. coli (vtec), yersinia spp., brucella, mycobacterium bovis, trichinella and echinoccoccus, as well as rabies and food-borne outbreaks. the european food safety authority (efsa) is assigned the tasks of exa ... | 2010 | 20395001 |
| detection of mycobacterium kansasii infection in a rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) using a modified quantiferon-tb gold assay. | a modification of a highly practical human interferon-gamma release assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (tb), the quantiferon((r))-tb gold (in-tube method) (qfg-it) assay, was evaluated for diagnosing natural mycobacterial infection in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). all animals in a captive colony were tested using the qfg-it and tuberculin skin test (tst). animals testing positive to these tests were euthanised and necropsied. selected tissues were processed for histopathology and mycoba ... | 2010 | 20394987 |
| bovine tuberculosis: making a case for effective surveillance. | in 2008, a cow with marked gross lesions suspicious for bovine tuberculosis (btb) was identified by meat inspection at home slaughtering in north-western germany. epidemiological investigations led to the identification of another 11 affected farms with a total of 135 animals which reacted positive to the skin test. eight affected farms had been in trade contact with the putative index farm. while the source for the initial introduction remained unknown, it was shown that all isolates tested sha ... | 2011 | 20392304 |
| tuberculosis: a re-emerging disease in animals and humans. | tuberculosis continues to be an important disease both in humans and animals. it causes morbidity, mortality and economic loss worldwide. the occurrence of mycobacterium bovis disease in humans, domesticated and wild animals confirms the relevance of this zoonosis. m. bovis in humans continues to be reported in industrialised countries and in immigrants from regions of the world where tuberculosis in cattle is endemic. the real incidence of m. bovis in humans in developing countries continues to ... | 2009 | 20391396 |
| immunogenicity of bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) in bovine neonates under traditional farming in central ethiopia. | vaccination is an alternative method of controlling bovine tuberculosis (btb) particularly in developing countries where the test and slaughter control method is not acceptable socially and economically. the objective of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccination in bovine neonates. twelve btb free bovine neonates (six vaccinated with 0.5 ml of 2.4 x 10(6) cfu of bcg and six control) with age less than one month were used for this study. interfero ... | 2010 | 20391027 |
| chitins and chitosans as immunoadjuvants and non-allergenic drug carriers. | due to the fact that some individuals are allergic to crustaceans, the presumed relationship between allergy and the presence of chitin in crustaceans has been investigated. in vivo, chitin is part of complex structures with other organic and inorganic compounds: in arthropods chitin is covalently linked to proteins and tanned by quinones, in fungi it is covalently linked to glucans, while in bacteria chitin is diversely combined according to gram(+/-) classification. on the other hand, isolated ... | 2010 | 20390107 |
| association of selected variants in genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis with bladder cancer risk in north indian population. | perturbations in the cell cycle and apoptotic genes have been implicated in human malignancies. cell cycle (mdm2 and cyclin d1) and apoptotic (fas) genes that are differentially expressed in urinary bladder cancer (ubc) were investigated with the susceptibility to ubc in northern india. a total of 212 ubc patients and age- and sex-matched 250 controls were investigated for mdm2 g309t, cyclin d1 g870a, and fas a670g polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymo ... | 2010 | 20380574 |
| characterization of the transcriptional regulator rv3124 of mycobacterium tuberculosis identifies it as a positive regulator of molybdopterin biosynthesis and defines the functional consequences of a non-synonymous snp in the mycobacterium bovis bcg orthologue. | a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have been identified in the genome of mycobacterium bovis bcg pasteur compared with the sequenced strain m. bovis 2122/97. the functional consequences of many of these mutations remain to be described; however, mutations in genes encoding regulators may be particularly relevant to global phenotypic changes such as loss of virulence, since alteration of a regulator's function will affect the expression of a wide range of genes. one such snp falls ... | 2010 | 20378651 |
| in vitro inhibition of lipopolysaccharide and mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette guérin-induced inflammatory cytokines and in vivo protection from d-galactosamine/lps -mediated liver injury by the medicinal plant sclerocarya birrea. | sclerocarya birrea is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of inflammatory- and bacterial-related diseases. the present study investigated in vitro and in vivo the effects of the stem bark methanol extract of s. birrea. nitrite, tnf, il-1beta, il-6 and il-12p40 production by bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdm) pre-incubated with or without s. birrea, and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) or infected with live mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette guérin (bcg) was evaluated. s. birr ... | 2010 | 20377995 |
| attenuated activation of macrophage tlr9 by dna from virulent mycobacteria. | alveolar macrophages are the first line of host defence against mycobacteria, but an insufficient host response allows survival of bacteria within macrophages. we aimed to investigate the role of toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9) activation in macrophage defence against mycobacteria. human in vitro differentiated macrophages as well as human and mouse alveolar macrophages showed tlr9 mrna and protein expression. the cells were markedly activated by dna isolated from attenuated mycobacterial strains (h ... | 2008 | 20375564 |
| kinetics of a tuberculosis-specific gamma interferon release assay in military personnel with a positive tuberculin skin test. | treatment of latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on the basis of the tuberculin skin test (tst) result is inaccurate due to the false-positive tst results that occur after mycobacterium bovis bcg vaccination or exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm). gamma interferon release assays (igras) are based on m. tuberculosis-specific antigens. in a previous study among bcg-naïve military employees, a positive tst result after deployment was mostly associated with a negative igra result, ... | 2010 | 20375241 |
| novel recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg, ovine atadenovirus, and modified vaccinia virus ankara vaccines combine to induce robust human immunodeficiency virus-specific cd4 and cd8 t-cell responses in rhesus macaques. | mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), which elicits a degree of protective immunity against tuberculosis, is the most widely used vaccine in the world. due to its persistence and immunogenicity, bcg has been proposed as a vector for vaccines against other infections, including hiv-1. bcg has a very good safety record, although it can cause disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. here, we constructed a recombinant bcg vector expressing hiv-1 clade a-derived immunogen ... | 2010 | 20375158 |
| tuberculosis vaccine development: the development of novel (preclinical) dna vaccine. | a third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 2 million people die from tuberculosis every year. the only tuberculosis vaccine currently available is an attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis bcg, although its efficacy against adult tuberculosis disease remains controversial. furthermore multi-drug resistant tuberculosis is becoming big problems in the world. therefore, the development of novel therapeutic vaccine as well as novel prophylactic vaccine again ... | 2010 | 20372079 |
| tuberculosis in goats. | 2010 | 20364017 | |
| the anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and tuberculostatic activities of a series of 6,7-substituted-5,8-quinolinequinones. | a variety of 6,7-substituted-5,8-quinolinequinones were synthesised and assessed for their anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory activities, and their ability to inhibit the growth of mycobacterium bovis bcg. in particular, the introduction of a sulfur group at the 7-position of the quinolinequinone led to the discovery of two compounds, 6-methylamino-7-methylsulfanyl-5,8-quinolinequinone (10a) and 6-amino-7-methylsulfonyl-5,8-quinolinequinone (12), that exhibited selectivity for leukemic cells over ... | 2010 | 20363637 |
| highly persistent and effective prime/boost regimens against tuberculosis that use a multivalent modified vaccine virus ankara-based tuberculosis vaccine with interleukin-15 as a molecular adjuvant. | novel immunization strategies are needed to enhance the global control of tuberculosis (tb). in this study, we assessed the immunizing activity of a recombinant modified vaccinia ankara (mva) construct (mva/il-15/5mtb) which overexpresses five mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens (antigen 85a, antigen 85b, esat6, hsp60, and mtb39), as well as the molecular adjuvant interleukin-15 (il-15). homologous prime/boost studies showed that the mva/il-15/5mtb vaccine induced moderate but highly persistent ... | 2010 | 20357059 |
| a naturally occurring outbreak of tuberculosis in a group of imported cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis). | this case report describes the diagnosis of tuberculosis (caused primarily by mycobacterium bovis) in a group of newly imported chinese origin cynomolgus monkeys. we also describe the use of sedation to enhance the accuracy of evaluation of the intrapalpebral tuberculin skin test using the mammalian old tuberculin reagent and report the first known diagnosis of mycobacterium paraffinicum in a nonhuman primate. by 48 h after injection during the second tuberculin skin test, 6 of the 80 macaques h ... | 2010 | 20353699 |
| recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg as an hiv vaccine vector. | hiv-1 has resulted in a devastating aids pandemic. an effective hiv/aids vaccine that can be used to either, prevent hiv infection, control infection or prevent progression of the disease to aids is needed. in this review we discuss the use of mycobacterium bovis bcg, the tuberculosis vaccine, as a vaccine vector for an hiv vaccine. numerous features make bcg an attractive vehicle to deliver hiv antigens. it has a good safety profile, elicits long-lasting cellular immune responses and in additio ... | 2010 | 20353397 |
| sensitive detection of gene expression in mycobacteria under replicating and non-replicating conditions using optimized far-red reporters. | fluorescent reporter proteins have proven useful for imaging techniques in many organisms. we constructed optimized expression systems for several fluorescent proteins from the far-red region of the spectrum and analyzed their utility in several mycobacterial species. plasmids expressing variants of the discosoma red fluorescent protein (dsred) from the mycobacterium bovis hsp60 promoter were unstable; in contrast expression from the mycobacterium smegmatis rpsa promoter was stable. in mycobacte ... | 2010 | 20352111 |
| distinct genotypic profiles of the two major clades of mycobacterium africanum. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is the principal etiologic agent of human tuberculosis (tb) and a member of the m. tuberculosis complex (mtc). additional mtc species that cause tb in humans and other mammals include mycobacterium africanum and mycobacterium bovis. one result of studies interrogating recently identified mtc phylogenetic markers has been the recognition of at least two distinct lineages of m. africanum, known as west african-1 and west african-2. | 2010 | 20350321 |
| comparison of the capillary and agarose electrophoresis based multiple locus vntr (variable number of tandem repeats) analysis (mlva) on mycobacterium bovis isolates. | electrophoretic techniques that can be used for genotyping of bacterial pathogens ranges from manual, low-cost, agarose gels to high-throughput capillary electrophoresis sequencing machines. these two methods are currently employed in the electrophoresis of pcr products used in multiple locus vntr (variable number of tandem repeats) analysis (mlva), i.e. the agarose electrophoresis (ae) and the capillary electrophoresis (ce). some authors have suggested that clusters generated by ae are less rel ... | 2010 | 20346599 |
| effective generation of reactive oxygen species in the mycobacterial phagosome requires k+ efflux from the bacterium. | efficient killing of mycobacteria by host macrophages depends on a number of mechanisms including production of reactive oxygen species (ros) by the phagosomal nadph oxidase, nox2. survival of pathogenic mycobacteria in the phagosome relies on the ability to control maturation of the phagosome such that it is biologically and chemically altered in comparison to phagosomes containing non-pathogenic bacteria. in this study we show that the action of nox2 to produce ros in the mycobacterial phagoso ... | 2010 | 20331644 |
| influence of maternal gestational treatment with mycobacterial antigens on postnatal immunity in an experimental murine model. | it has been proposed that the immune system could be primed as early as during the fetal life and this might have an impact on postnatal vaccination. therefore, we addressed in murine models whether gestational treatment with mycobacterial antigens could induce better immune responses in the postnatal life. | 2010 | 20300629 |
| chicken scfvs and bivalent scfv-c(h) fusions directed against hsp65 of mycobacterium bovis. | two chicken single-chain variable region antibody fragments (scfvs) that recognised the 65 kda heat-shock protein (hsp65) of mycobacterium bovis were selected from a large semi-synthetic phage displayed library. both recognised hsp65 in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblots and retained their activity during storage. neither, however, could function as the capture reagent in a sandwich elisa when immobilised on polystyrene. to establish whether they could be engineer ... | 2010 | 20299243 |
| simple and rapid method for detection of nitrate reductase activity of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium canettii grown in the bactec mgit960 system. | mycobacterium tuberculosis reduces nitrate very strongly as compared to mycobacterium bovis and m. bovis bcg. nitrate reductase, in conjunction with niacin accumulation, constitutes one of the major biochemical tests used in clinical microbiology laboratories to differentiate m. tuberculosis from other members of the m. tuberculosis complex, as well as nontuberculous mycobacteria. determination of nitrate reductase activity is currently performed using cultures grown on solid media with a slow d ... | 2010 | 20298726 |
| tuberculosis in alpacas (lama pacos) caused by mycobacterium bovis. | we report three cases of tuberculosis in alpacas from spain caused by mycobacterium bovis. the animals revealed two different lesional patterns. mycobacterial culture and pcr assay yielded positive results for m. bovis. molecular typing of the isolates identified spoligotype sb0295 and identical variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) allele sizes. | 2010 | 20237097 |
| gene signatures for the prediction of response to bacillus calmette-guerin immunotherapy in primary pt1 bladder cancers. | intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) immunotherapy is effective in the prevention of recurrence and progression in many cases of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, but many patients fail to respond. the aim of this study was to identify gene sets of markers that could predict the response to bcg immunotherapy in primary pt1 bladder cancer using microarray gene expression profiling. | 2010 | 20233890 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mycobacterial dna vaccines incorporating plasmid-encoded cytokines against mycobacterium bovis. | dna-based vaccines, alone or in combination with other sub-unit vaccination regimes, represent an alternative to live mycobacterial vaccines for protective immunization against tuberculosis. here, we have used a murine immunization or mycobacterium bovis aerosol challenge model to assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mycobacterial dna vaccines. mice that received immunization with dna constructs encoding m. bovis antigen 85a (ag85-a) and arget(esat-6) produced measurable interfer ... | 2010 | 20231853 |
| [zoonotic aspects of tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis]. | pathogens transmitting between the environment, wildlife, livestock and humans are major health concerns for human and domestic animal and in addition, for the sustainability of agriculture and the conservation of wildlife. among pathogens causing zoonosis, genus mycobacterium including mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. bovis, m. avium is thought to be important. the most important bacteria as an etiological agent of zoonosis in genus mycobacterium is m. bovis. m. bovis is the causative agent of bo ... | 2010 | 20229820 |
| preventive effects of mycobacteria and their culture supernatants against asthma development in balb/c mice. | live mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) has a suppressive effect on asthma, but its use in clinical practice may be limited due to adverse reactions. to develop a product that is effective for suppressing asthma with minimal adverse reactions, we investigated whether the heat-killed body or culture supernatants of mycobacteria could also prevent asthma development. | 2010 | 20224676 |
| a report of iliac muscle abscess due to mycobacterium bovis after bacillus calmette-guerin therapy for bladder cancer. | bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccine is traditionally used for vaccination against tuberculosis. bcg vaccine contains live attenuated strain of mycobacterium bovis. intravesical bcg is also effective in treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. complications after intravesical bcg immunotherapy are extremely rare. we report an iliac muscle abscess due to m bovis that developed 4 years after intravesical bcg therapy for bladder cancer. infection with m bovis, though rare, ... | 2010 | 20224496 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in cell wall biosynthesis-associated genes and phylogeny of mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages. | to investigate specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of different lineages of mycobacterium tuberculosis, cell wall biosynthesis-associated genes encoding antigen 85 complex (fbpa, fbpb, and fbpc) and mannosyltransferase (pimb) were analyzed. genetically diversified and predominant m. tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis genotypes identified in taiwan (26 beijing and 44 non-beijing) were included in the study. sequence analyses revealed that nine novel snps were found within main linea ... | 2010 | 20223296 |
| expression of pe_pgrs 62 protein in mycobacterium smegmatis decrease mrna expression of proinflammatory cytokines il-1beta, il-6 in macrophages. | the pathogenesis of tuberculosis causing mycobacterium bovis is largely due to its successful entry and survival in macrophages. previous research indicated that mycobacteria-specific pe_pgrs genes code for cell surface proteins which may have role in mediating interactions with macrophages. in this study, we expressed pe_pgrs 62 gene in a non-pathogenic fast growing mycobacterium smegmatis strain and found that the recombinant mycobacterium smegmatis decreased macrophages livability in a dosage ... | 2010 | 20221673 |