Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus infections in kolkata, india. | the study is aimed to determine the seasonal distribution and clinical characteristics of astroviruses associated with acute watery diarrhoea among children in kolkata and characterize them at the molecular level. | 2006 | 16546454 |
| antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in limpopo province, south africa. | the ethnobotanical survey conducted in this study showed that 21 plant species belonging to 14 families are used in traditional medical practice in limpopo province, south africa, for the treatment of diarrhoea. methanol, ethanol, acetone and hot water extract from different plant parts (leaves, roots, bark and stem rhizome), of several of these plants (indigofera daleoides, punica granatum, syzygium cordatum, gymnosporia senegalensis, ozoroa insignis, elephantorrhiza elephantina, elephantorrhiz ... | 2006 | 16545928 |
| genomic compositions and phylogenetic analysis of shigella boydii subgroup. | comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) microarray analysis was used to compare the genomic compositions of all eighteen shigella boydii serotype representative strains. the results indicated the genomic "backbone" of this subgroup contained 2552 orfs homologous to nonpathogenic e. coli k12. compared with the genome of k12199 orfs were found to be absent in all s. boydii serotype representatives, including mainly outer membrane protein genes and o-antigen biosynthesis genes. yet the specific orf ... | 2006 | 16544575 |
| isolation of enterobacter sakazakii from stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans l. (diptera: muscidae). | enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that causes meningitis, enterocolitis, and sepsis, primarily in immunocompromised infants. previously, it was suggested that stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans, were a vector or reservoir of this pathogen. in our study, by means of a culturing approach combined with 16s rdna pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping and sequencing, we screened 928 individual stable flies collected in kansas and florida. two stable flies ( ... | 2006 | 16541702 |
| rapid, sequence-specific detection of unpurified pcr amplicons via a reusable, electrochemical sensor. | we report an electrochemical method for the sequence-specific detection of unpurified amplification products of the gyrb gene of salmonella typhimurium. using an asymmetric pcr and the electrochemical e-dna detection scheme, single-stranded amplicons were produced from as few as 90 gene copies and, without subsequent purification, rapidly identified. the detection is specific; the sensor does not respond when challenged with control oligonucleotides based on the gyrb genes of either escherichia ... | 2006 | 16537478 |
| [primarily study on a multiplex pcr-based system for the rapid detection of salmonella spp., shigella spp. and escherichia coli o157:h7]. | to establish a multiplex pcr-based system for the simultaneous detection of salmonella spp., shigella spp. and escherichia coli 0157:h7 in 12 hours. | 2005 | 16535845 |
| enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequences in escherichia coli: evolution and implications for eric-pcr. | enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequences are 127-bp imperfect palindromes that occur in multiple copies in the genomes of enteric bacteria and vibrios. here we investigate the distribution of these elements in the complete genome sequences of nine escherichia coli (including shigella species) strains. there is a significant tendency for copies to be adjacent to more highly expressed genes. there is considerable variation among strains with respect to the presence of an el ... | 2006 | 16533821 |
| travellers' diarrhoea: contemporary approaches to therapy and prevention. | travellers' diarrhoea remains a major public health problem, contributing to significant morbidity and disability. because bacterial enteropathogens cause a majority of this form of diarrhoea, antibacterial drugs are effective when used in chemoprophylaxis or for empirical treatment.a review of the medline listings for travellers' diarrhoea for the past 4 years was conducted; a library of >1,000 scientific articles on the topic was also considered in developing this review. persons who travel fr ... | 2006 | 16526819 |
| thermal inactivation of water-borne pathogenic and indicator bacteria at sub-boiling temperatures. | the use of harvested rainwater in domestic hot water systems can result in optimised environmental and economic benefits to urban water cycle management, however, the water quality and health risks of such a scenario have not been adequately investigated. thermal inactivation analyses were carried out on eight species of non-spore-forming bacteria in a water medium at temperatures relevant to domestic hot water systems (55-65 degrees c), and susceptibilities to heat stress were compared using d- ... | 2006 | 16524613 |
| is the enthesitis-related arthritis subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis a form of chronic reactive arthritis? | enteric organisms are known to trigger reactive arthritis. the enthesitis-related arthritis (era) form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia) clinically resembles reactive arthritis. therefore, we looked for a role of enteric bacteria in era. | 2006 | 16522678 |
| a sitabcd homologue from an avian pathogenic escherichia coli strain mediates transport of iron and manganese and resistance to hydrogen peroxide. | an operon encoding a member of the family of atp-binding cassette (abc) divalent metal ion transporters, homologous to salmonella enterica sitabcd, has been identified in the avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec) strain chi7122. the sitabcd genes were located on the virulence plasmid papec-1, and were highly similar at the nucleotide level to the chromosomally encoded sitabcd genes present in shigella spp. a cloned copy of sitabcd conferred increased growth upon a siderophore-deficient e. col ... | 2006 | 16514154 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of mxih, a subunit of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion system needle. | a monodisperse truncation mutant of mxih, the subunit of the needle from the shigella flexneri type iii secretion system (ttss), has been overexpressed and purified. crystals were grown of native and selenomethionine-labelled mxih(cdelta5) and diffraction data were collected to 1.9 a resolution. the crystals belong to space group c2, with unit-cell parameters a = 183.4, b = 28.1, c = 27.8 a, beta = 96.5 degrees. an anomalous difference patterson map calculated with the data from the semet-labell ... | 2006 | 16511329 |
| preparation, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase from shigella flexneri 2a. | diadenosine tetraphosphate (ap4a) hydrolase (ec 3.6.1.41) hydrolyzes ap4a symmetrically in prokaryotes. it plays a potential role in organisms by regulating the concentration of ap4a in vivo. to date, no three-dimensional structures of proteins with significant sequence homology to this protein have been determined. the 31.3 kda ap4a hydrolase from shigella flexneri 2a has been cloned, expressed and purified using an escherichia coli expression system. crystals of ap4a hydrolase have been obtain ... | 2005 | 16511239 |
| [oral pefloxacin in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis]. | in the case of travellers' diarrhoea, in order to reduce to a minimum the period of sickness and temporary invalidity, suitable therapy needs to be undertaken, involving the reintegration of fluids and electrolytes, as well as antibiotic treatment whose spectrum of action covers the most commonly isolated microorganisms. the aim of the study was to verify the rapidity of the antibacterial action of pefloxacin in the treatment of this type of gastrointestinal infection. | 1997 | 16501468 |
| physical characterization of mxih and prgi, the needle component of the type iii secretion apparatus from shigella and salmonella. | shigella and salmonella use similar type iii secretion systems for delivering effector proteins into host cells. this secretion system consists of a base anchored in both bacterial membranes and an extracellular "needle" that forms a rod-like structure exposed on the pathogen surface. the needle is composed of multiple subunits of a single protein and makes direct contact with host cells to facilitate protein delivery. the proteins that make up the needle of shigella and salmonella are mxih and ... | 2006 | 16501225 |
| crystal structure of hypothetical protein yfih from shigella flexneri at 2 a resolution. | 2006 | 16498617 | |
| epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology of traveler's diarrhea. | traveler's diarrhea (td) is the most frequent health problem in travelers to developing countries. several personal and environmental risk factors are at the basis of td acquisition and are discussed in this paper. td is caused by a wide range of infectious organisms, etec and eaec bacteria strains being the main enteropathogens incriminated in td. other causative bacteria are: shigella spp., campylobacter spp., vibrio spp., aeromonas spp., salmonella spp., and plesiomonas spp. parasite species ... | 2006 | 16498258 |
| radiation processing to ensure safety of minimally processed carrot (daucus carota) and cucumber (cucumis sativus): optimization of dose for the elimination of salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes. | minimally processed vegetables are in demand, because they offer convenience to consumers. however, these products are often unsafe because of possible contamination with pathogens, such as salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and shigella species. therefore, this study was carried out to optimize the radiation dose necessary to ensure the safety of precut carrot and cucumber. decimal reduction doses (d-values) of salmonella typhimurium mtcc 98 were ca. 0.164 kgy in carrot samples and 0.178 kgy ... | 2006 | 16496592 |
| a chromogenic plating medium for the isolation and identification of enterobacter sakazakii from foods, food ingredients, and environmental sources. | a chromogenic agar, r&f enterobacter sakazakii chromogenic plating medium (espm), was developed for isolating presumptive colonies of e. sakazakii from foods and environmental sources. espm contains two chromogenic substrates (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-d-cellobioside), three sugars (sorbitol, d-arabitol, and adonitol), a ph indicator, and inhibitors (bile salts, vancomycin, and cefsulodin), which all contribute to its selectivity and d ... | 2006 | 16496571 |
| comparative analysis of tandem t7-like promoter containing regions in enterobacterial genomes reveals a novel group of genetic islands. | based on molecular information theory, 10 t7-like promoter models were built for the t7 group of phages and used to scan their host genomes and closely related genomes. 38 genomes were scanned and 12 clusters of tandem promoters were identified in nine enteropathogens. comparative analysis of these tandem promoter-bearing regions reveals that they are similar to each other, forming prophage-like islands of 4-13 kb. each island appears to contain two or three tandem t7-like promoters within a str ... | 2006 | 16493139 |
| comparison of bactericidal activity of six lysozymes at atmospheric pressure and under high hydrostatic pressure. | the antibacterial working range of six lysozymes was tested under ambient and high pressure, on a panel of five gram-positive (enterococcus faecalis, bacillus subtilis, listeria innocua, staphylococcus aureus and micrococcus lysodeikticus) and five gram-negative bacteria (yersinia enterocolitica, shigella flexneri, escherichia coli o157:h7, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella typhimurium). the lysozymes included two that are commercially available (hen egg white lysozyme or hewl, and mutanolys ... | 2006 | 16487612 |
| a review of vaccine research and development: human enteric infections. | worldwide, enteric infections rank third among all causes of disease burden, being responsible for some 1.7-2.5 million deaths per year, mostly in young children and infants in developing countries. the main infectious agents responsible for human enteric infections include several viruses (enteric adenoviruses, astroviruses, human caliciviruses (hucv), rotaviruses (rv)) and several bacterial agents, such as campylobacter jejuni, a variety of pathogenic escherichia coli strains including enterot ... | 2006 | 16483695 |
| ptdins5p activates the host cell pi3-kinase/akt pathway during shigella flexneri infection. | the virulence factor ipgd, delivered into nonphagocytic cells by the type iii secretion system of the pathogen shigella flexneri, is a phosphoinositide 4-phosphatase generating phosphatidylinositol 5 monophosphate (ptdins5p). we show that ptdins5p is rapidly produced and concentrated at the entry foci of the bacteria, where it colocalises with phosphorylated akt during the first steps of infection. moreover, s. flexneri-induced phosphorylation of host cell akt and its targets specifically requir ... | 2006 | 16482216 |
| detection of escherichia coli o157 using equal-length double-stranded fluorescence probe in a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (e. coli) o157 is a dangerous pathogen, which causes bloody diarrhea and severe hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). although several assay systems based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) have been integrated to detect this pathogen, most of them are not specific. we report a real-time quantitative pcr method targeting rfbe, a gene specifically expressed in e. coli o157. this method can therefore be used to diagnose enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (e. ... | 2006 | 16480968 |
| plasmid-mediated bacteriocin production by shigella flexneri isolated from dysenteric diarrhoea and their transformation into escherichia coli. | to determine the production of bacteriocin by shigella flexneri strains, to relate their production to the presence of dysenteric diarrhoea and to asses the genetic determination of the bacteriocin. | 2006 | 16478521 |
| tennessee shigella update. | 2006 | 16475596 | |
| direct immunofluorescence assay for rapid environmental detection of vibrio cholerae o1. | an immunofluorescence assay for direct detection of v. cholerae o1 was developed using polyclonal antibodies raised against outer membrane proteins (omps) of v. cholerae o1. production of omps varied with growth media used; maximum production was found in tryptic soy broth. the detection system was specific because no cross-reactivity was observed with other bacteria including v. cholerae o139, e. coli, s. dysenteriae and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi. the technique was able ... | 2005 | 16475506 |
| bacterial invasin: structure, function, and implication for targeted oral gene delivery. | the mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract is the first line of defense against foreign pathogens and toxins ingested orally. the content of the gi tract is constantly being sampled by the immune system through specialized epithelial cells known as m-cells, which are present in the peyer's patches of the gut, providing a thin covering over lymphoid tissue. in this way, once a harmful entity is found an immune response can be activated to eliminate the threat. many bacterial pathogens ... | 2006 | 16472093 |
| the use of fluoroquinolones in children. | the fluoroquinolones are an important group of antibiotics widely used in the treatment of various infectious diseases in adults, as a result of an excellent spectrum of activity, good tissue penetration and convenient ways of administration. their use in children is limited as a result of possible fluoroquinolone-induced joint/cartilage toxicity observed mainly in juvenile animal studies. | 2006 | 16470165 |
| new temperate dna phage bcp15 acts as a drug resistance vector. | this study was designed to determine the role of a new temperate dna phage bcp15 in relation to drug resistance. the multidrug resistant shigella flexneri nk1925 was isolated from a patient of infectious diseases hospital, kolkata, india. this strain contained five plasmids ranging in size from 3 to 212 kb. after curing of five plasmids, this strain became sensitive to antibiotics. a plasmidless multidrug-resistant strain burkholderia cepacia dr11 was isolated during the survey of microorganisms ... | 2006 | 16463125 |
| population-based incidence of infection with selected bacterial enteric pathogens in children younger than five years of age, 1996-1998. | previous studies of bacterial enteric infections have suggested a disproportionate disease burden for children younger than 5 years of age. | 2006 | 16462289 |
| aerobic heterotrophic bacterial diversity in sediments of rajakkamangalam estuary, south west coast of india. | the abundance of aerobic heterotrophic bacterial population in the sediment sample of six experimental stations (s1 to s6) at rajakkamangalam estuary was studied for a period of one year from march, 1998 to february, 1999. the important bacterial genera encountered were pseudomonas, bacillus, vibrio, escherichia, micrococcus, enterobacter, salmonella, aeromonas, shigella, klebsiella, proteus, alkaligenes, staphylococcus, citrobacter and flavobacterium. the bacterial population based on numerical ... | 2005 | 16459565 |
| differential gene expression of pathogens inside infected hosts. | dna microarray is a useful technology for studying differential gene expression in the context of microbe-host interactions. this review concentrates on recent findings of the survival strategies of three intracellular pathogens: shigella flexneri, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2006 | 16459132 |
| etiology and epidemiology of diarrhea in children in hanoi, vietnam. | this paper provides a preliminary picture of diarrhea with regards to etiology, clinical symptoms, and some related epidemiologic factors in children less than five years of age living in hanoi, vietnam. | 2006 | 16458564 |
| [autophagic host defense mechanism]. | 2006 | 16457203 | |
| class 2 integron-associated antibiotic resistance in shigella sonnei isolates in dakar, senegal. | forty-three shigella sonnei isolates from adult patients with diarrhoea in dakar were analysed for the presence of integrons. isolates were resistant to sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin and spectinomycin. a high prevalence of class 2 integrons (93%) was found. these integrons showed three distinct structures: a class 2 integron, part of the tn7 family and its derivatives, carrying four cassettes in the order dfra1-sat-aada1-orfx; a truncated class 2 integron, without o ... | 2006 | 16455233 |
| apyrase, the product of the virulence plasmid-encoded phon2 (apy) gene of shigella flexneri, is necessary for proper unipolar icsa localization and for efficient intercellular spread. | the role in virulence of the shigella flexneri ospb-phon2 operon has been evaluated. here we confirm that ospb is an effector and show that apyrase, the product of phon2, may be a virulence factor, since it is required for efficient intercellular spreading. apyrase may be important in a deoxynucleoside triphosphate-hydrolyzing activity-independent manner, suggesting that it may act as an interaction partner in the process of icsa localization. | 2006 | 16452446 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance linked to both gyra and parc mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | we examined the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr) of gyra, gyrb, and parc of recently isolated fluoroquinolone-resistant s. dysenteriae type 1 strains from south asia and compared data with fluoroquinolone-susceptible strains associated with previous epidemics of 1978, 1984, and 1994. in fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, double mutations (ser83-->leu, asp87-->asn or gly) and a single mutation (ser80-->ile) were detected in the qrdrs of gyra and parc, respectively. | 2006 | 16450072 |
| activities of aqueous extracts of mallotus oppositifolium on shigella dysenteriae a1-induced diarrhoea in rats. | 1. mallotus oppositifolium is reported to possess medicinal properties and is traditionally used in cameroon for the treatment of diarrhoea. in the present study, we have evaluated the acute toxicity, in vitro antibacterial and in vivo antidiarrhoeal effects of an aqueous extract of these plant leaves. 2. shigella dysenteriae a(1) (sd1)-induced diarrhoeal rats were obtained by oral administration of increasing densities of the sd1 strain isolated from bloody diarrhoea occurring in east cameroon. ... | 2006 | 16445705 |
| shiga toxin exposure modulates intestinal brush border membrane functional proteins in rabbit ileum. | the activities of lactase, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase (ap) were studied in intestinal brush border membranes of control and toxin-treated rabbits. purified shiga toxin (stx) exposure to ileal mucosa inhibited activities of brush border enzymes by 50%. kinetic analysis revealed that the observed decrease in bbm enzyme activities was due to reduced v(max) with no change in the affinity constants of the systems. the observed changes in enzyme activities were corroborated by western blot analy ... | 2006 | 16444589 |
| intracellular survival of shigella. | bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells and host recognition and killing of the invading bacteria are a key issue in determining the fate of bacterial infection. once inside host cells, pathogenic bacteria often modify the phagosomal compartment or enter the host cytosol to escape from the lytic compartment and gain a replicative niche. cytosolic invaders, however, are monitored by host innate immune systems, such as mediated by nod/card family proteins, which induce inflammatory responses via ac ... | 2006 | 16441429 |
| molecular characteristics of shigella spp. isolated from patients with diarrhoea in a new industrialized area of thailand. | in this study, we used plasmid profile analysis, xbai macrorestriction with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and pcr of the ipah gene, to study the molecular characteristics of 183 shigella spp. isolated during may 2000 to april 2003 from rectal swabs of patients with watery and/or bloody diarrhoea in a new industrialized area of thailand. among the 183 isolates, 167 were s. sonnei and 16 were s. flexneri. for plasmid profile analysis, the 183 isolates revealed 16 different plasmid patte ... | 2006 | 16438746 |
| cephalosporin resistant shigella flexneri from a clinical isolate--a rare finding. | shigellosis is an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. antibiotic treatment of dysentery aimed at resolving diarrhea or reducing its duration, and to prevent transmission to other close contacts. isolates with resistance to first line drugs have been reported throughout world, third generation cephalosporins and quinolones are mainstay of treatment. shigella flexneri resistant to third generation cephalosporins in a clinical isolate is a rare finding, and this has ... | 2005 | 16438280 |
| detection and identification of intestinal pathogenic bacteria by hybridization to oligonucleotide microarrays. | to detect the common intestinal pathogenic bacteria quickly and accurately. | 2005 | 16437687 |
| erythromycin synergism with essential and trace elements. | in order to establish the role of various essential and trace element complexation on the antibacterial activity of various macrolide antibiotics, the synergistic or antagonistic behavior of erythromycin metal complexes have been studied and compared with the parent drug. metal complexes of erythromycin with magnesium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium have been investigated for their antibacterial activity and compared with erythromycin by observing th ... | 2005 | 16431396 |
| anti-bacterial alkaloids of saracococca saligna. | the crude ethanolic extract of saracococca saligna was found to be cytotoxic and antibacterial but produced no platelet aggregation induced by adp. antibacterial activity of two known alkaloid, pachyaximine-a and saracodine was determined. pachyaximine-a possessed significant antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium pyrogenes. saracodme showed moderate activity against staphylococcus pyrogenes, escherichia coli, staph ... | 2005 | 16431389 |
| transcriptional slippage in mxie controls transcription and translation of the downstream mxid gene, which encodes a component of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion apparatus. | the shigella flexneri transcription activator mxie is produced by transcriptional slippage from two overlapping open reading frames. by using plasmids encoding a mxid-lacz translational fusion, we showed that transcriptional slippage in mxie influences both transcription and translation of the downstream mxid gene encoding an essential component of the type iii secretion apparatus. | 2006 | 16428428 |
| signal transduction events involved in human epithelial cell invasion by campylobacter jejuni 81-176. | analyses of invasive enteric bacteria (e.g. shigella, salmonella, listeria, and campylobacter) have shown that these pathogens initiate orchestrated signal transduction cascades in host cells leading to host cytoskeletal rearrangements that result in bacterial uptake. this current study was specifically aimed at examining the involvement of host membrane caveolae and certain protein kinases in epithelial cell invasion by c. jejuni strain 81-176, for which we have previously characterized the kin ... | 2006 | 16426812 |
| immunoproteomics of membrane proteins of shigella flexneri 2a 2457t. | to screen the immunogenic membrane proteins of shigella flexneri 2a 2457t. | 2005 | 16425402 |
| safety and immunogenicity of escherichia coli o157 o-specific polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in 2-5-year-old children. | escherichia coli o157:h7 causes severe enteritis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome, mostly in young children and older adults. similar to the case with shigella, serum igg against the o-specific polysaccharide of e. coli o157:h7 may confer immunity by lysing the inoculum in the intestine. a phase 1 trial in adults showed that a vaccine of e. coli o157:h7 o-specific polysaccharide conjugated to recombinant exotoxin a of pseudomonas aeruginosa (o157-repa) was safe and immunogenic. | 2006 | 16425130 |
| characterization of functional oligosaccharide mimics of the shigella flexneri serotype 2a o-antigen: implications for the development of a chemically defined glycoconjugate vaccine. | protection against reinfection with noncapsulated gram-negative bacteria, such as shigella, an enteroinvasive bacterium responsible for bacillary dysentery, is mainly achieved by abs specific for the o-ag, the polysaccharide part of the lps, the major bacterial surface ag. the use of chemically defined glycoconjugates encompassing oligosaccharides mimicking the protective determinants carried by the o-ag, thus expected to induce an efficient anti-lps ab response, has been considered an alternati ... | 2006 | 16424198 |
| diarrhea in patients with aids. | diarrhea in patients with aids is a worldwide problem that can have a devastating impact on quality of life for the patient. chronic diarrhea, usually defined as at least 4 weeks' duration, is more common in patients with low cd4-positive t-lymphocyte counts, signaling advanced immunosuppression. some organisms, such as microsporidia, usually cause diarrhea only in the immunosuppressed; others, such as cryptosporidium, salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter, which are capable of causing diarrhe ... | 2006 | 16423311 |
| foodborne bacterial infection and hospitalization: a registry-based study. | foodborne bacterial gastrointestinal infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and despite successful control programs in some developed countries, these infections continue to have a major impact on public health and economy. | 2006 | 16421794 |
| characterization of virulence factors in the newly described salmonella enterica serotype keurmassar emerging in senegal (sub-saharan africa). | from 2000 to 2001, nine strains of salmonella enterica belonging to the new serotype keurmassar have been isolated from human and poultry samples at the senegalese national salmonella and shigella reference laboratory at the pasteur institute, in dakar. all strains carried virulence factors including salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi)-1, -2, -3 and -5 encoded genes. strains did not harbour virulence plasmid. ribotyping analysis revealed a single clone identical to salmonella decatur isolated ... | 2006 | 16420724 |
| sensitivities of foodborne pathogens to pressure changes. | eight foodborne pathogens were suspended in ultrahigh-temperature whole milk and treated at pressure levels of 0.1 to 690 mpa at 21.5 degrees c for 10 min. there was no clear trend in pressure resistance between gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. the order of the single strains tested, from most to least pressure sensitive, was vibrio parahaemolyticus < yersinia enterocolitica < listeria monocytogenes < salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium < s. enterica serovar enteritidis < escherich ... | 2006 | 16416910 |
| actin-dependent movement of bacterial pathogens. | listeria, rickettsia, burkholderia, shigella and mycobacterium species subvert cellular actin dynamics to facilitate their movement within the host cytosol and to infect neighbouring cells while evading host immune surveillance and promoting their intracellular survival. 'attaching and effacing' escherichia coli do not enter host cells but attach intimately to the cell surface, inducing motile actin-rich pedestals, the function of which is currently unclear. the molecular basis of actin-based mo ... | 2006 | 16415925 |
| sepsis caused by food-borne infection with escherichia coli. | we report a case of sepsis caused by escherichia coli (e. coli) of serotype o-143. a 78-year-old man developed symptoms of gastroenteritis after ingesting raw meat on noodles. he rapidly developed respiratory failure. blood culture grew e. coli. the sepsis seemed to have directly spread from a food-borne infection. the development of primary sepsis after ingesting e. coli is very rare. we suspect that bacterial translocation played a major role. serotype o-143 is recognized in enteroinvasive e. ... | 2005 | 16415557 |
| a novel strategy for the identification of genomic islands by comparative analysis of the contents and contexts of trna sites in closely related bacteria. | we devised software tools to systematically investigate the contents and contexts of bacterial trna and tmrna genes, which are known insertion hotspots for genomic islands (gis). the strategy, based on mauve-facilitated multigenome comparisons, was used to examine 87 escherichia coli mg1655 trna and tmrna genes and their orthologues in e.coli edl933, e.coli cft073 and shigella flexneri sf301. our approach identified 49 gis occupying approximately 1.7 mb that mapped to 18 trna genes, missing 2 bu ... | 2006 | 16414954 |
| clarithromycin synergism with essential and trace elements. | in order to ascertain the role of various essential and trace element complexation on the antibacterial activity of various macrolide antibiotics, the synergistic or antagonistic behavior of clarithromycin metal complexes has been studied and compared with the parent drug. metal complexes of clarithromycin with magnesium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium has been investigated for their antibacterial activity and compared with clarithromycin by observin ... | 2002 | 16414867 |
| antibacterial activity of clove extracts against phagogenic strains including clinically resistant isolates of shigella and vibrio cholerae. | clove extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts) were tested in vitro for their antibacterial activity against forty isolates of pathogenic bacteria including clinically resistant (resistant to ampicillin and nalidixic acid) strains of twenty-five shigella and four vibrio cholerae. all of the isolates except pseudomonas aeruginosa showed promising sensitivity to the extracts. | 1990 | 16414655 |
| roxithromycin antagonism with essential and trace elements. | in order to ascertain the role of various essential and trace element complexation on the antibacterial activity of various macrolide antibiotics, the synergistic or antagonistic behavior of roxithromycin metal complexes have been studied and compared with the parent drug. metal complexes of roxithromycin with magnesium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium have been investigated for their antibacterial activity and compared with roxithromycin by observing ... | 2004 | 16414588 |
| yersinia's stratagem: targeting innate and adaptive immune defense. | in contrast to salmonella and shigella, enteropathogenic yersinia species are extracellular multiplying gram-negative bacteria. this life style requires a sophisticated anti-host strategy, which is implemented by the yersinia virulence plasmid. this plasmid encodes the type 3 secretion system (injectisome), at least six microinjected anti-host effector proteins, a trimeric coiled coil outer membrane protein (yersinia adhesin) with cell adhesin and protective functions against complement and defe ... | 2006 | 16413818 |
| identification of a bacterial type iii effector family with g protein mimicry functions. | many bacterial pathogens use the type iii secretion system to inject "effector" proteins into host cells. here, we report the identification of a 24 member effector protein family found in pathogens including salmonella, shigella, and enteropathogenic e. coli. members of this family subvert host cell function by mimicking the signaling properties of ras-like gtpases. the effector ipgb2 stimulates cellular responses analogous to gtp-active rhoa, whereas ipgb1 and map function as the active forms ... | 2006 | 16413487 |
| comparing shigella waterborne outbreaks in four different areas in greece: common features and differences. | in greece the public health surveillance for most infectious diseases, including shigellosis, is not well developed. however, four waterborne outbreaks of shigellosis have been recorded in greece in the last three decades, in different areas of the country, under different environmental and socioeconomic conditions. this study presents the epidemiological characteristics of these four outbreaks in order to examine common points and differences and to investigate their possible association with e ... | 2006 | 16409663 |
| clinic-based surveillance for bacterial- and rotavirus-associated diarrhea in egyptian children. | to identify enteropathogens for vaccine development, we implemented clinic-based surveillance for severe pediatric diarrhea in egypt's nile river delta. over 2 years, a physician clinically evaluated and obtained stool samples for microbiology from patients with diarrhea and less than 6 years of age. in the first (n = 714) and second clinic (n = 561), respectively, 36% (n = 254) and 46% (n = 260) of children were infected with rotavirus, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), campylobacter, or ... | 2006 | 16407360 |
| partial characterization of enterocin mr99 from a corn silage isolate of enterococcus faecalis. | to assess the inhibitory activity on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria of several species of enterococci recovered from a natural corn silage. | 2006 | 16405692 |
| characterization of the interaction of single tryptophan containing mutants of ipac from shigella flexneri with phospholipid membranes. | shigella flexneri causes dysentery after invading the epithelial cells of the human colon. enterocyte invasion is induced by the bacterial effector ipac (invasion plasmid antigen c), which triggers shigella entry into epithelial cells by a rather poorly understood mechanism. ipac is also involved in pathogen escape into the host cell cytoplasm following uptake, and this property may be reflected in its ability to disrupt phospholipid vesicles in vitro. purified recombinant ipac interacts with li ... | 2006 | 16401091 |
| antidiarrhoeal evaluation of aegle marmelos (correa) linn. root extract. | a study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antidiarrhoeal potential of chloroform extract of the root of aegle marmelos (correa) linn. the in vitro activity was determined by agar dilution and disc diffusion techniques. the extract was studied in vivo in rats. of the 35 tested pathogenic diarrhoea causing strains, the extract was found to be mostly active against the strains of vibrio cholerae, followed by escherichia coli and shigella spp. the in vitro activity was found to be ... | 2006 | 16397850 |
| distribution of a transposon-like element carrying bla(cmy-2) among salmonella and other enterobacteriaceae. | the dissemination of cephamycin resistance in enterobacteriaceae and its correlation with a transposon-like dna element consisting of a specific tnpa-bla(cmy-2)-blc-suge structure were investigated. | 2006 | 16396917 |
| [the colicynogenic activity and anthibiotic sensitivity of collected and newly isolated strains of shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei]. | among the collection strains of s. flexneri 10.5; 5.5; 2.6; 2.6 and 7.9% of strains were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, ceftryaxon, cefasoline, chloramphenycol, respectively. the maximum number of r-determinants of one strain was 4. the strains resistant to cefalosporynes were not revealed; among newly isolated strains of this agent, these strains resistant to ampicilline, tetracycline and chloramphenycol made 20%. among the collection and newly isolated strains of s. flexneri, isolated ... | 2005 | 16396114 |
| outbreak of shigella sonnei gastroenteritis in northeastern taiwan. | a gastroenteritis outbreak of shigella sonnei involving 122 children occurred between april 2001 and january 2002 in i-lan, taiwan. the resistant rates of the isolates to nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin and ceftriaxone were 98, 97.5, 32 and 27%, respectively. none of the isolates was resistant to ciprofloxacin. prolonged bacterial shedding in the feces can occur when an inappropriate antibiotic is used. | 2006 | 16395118 |
| re-emergence of multi-drug resistant shigella dysenteriae with added resistance to ciprofloxacin in north india & their plasmid profiles. | multi drug resistant shigellae pose a major threat in control of shigellosis with. shigella dysenteriae being the most prevalent species at our centre before 1994. a gradual decrease in s. dysenteriae occurred over the years with a corresponding increase in s. flexneri which became the predominant serotype. from may to november 2003, an increase in number of patients admitted with clinical diagnosis of dysentery was noted in comparison to previous years, with a corresponding increase in the isol ... | 2005 | 16394329 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of lactobacillus casei on shigella-infected human intestinal epithelial cells. | shigella invades the human intestinal mucosa, thus causing bacillary dysentery, an acute recto-colitis responsible for lethal complications, mostly in infants and toddlers. conversely, commensal bacteria live in a mutualistic relationship with the intestinal mucosa that is characterized by homeostatic control of innate responses, thereby contributing to tolerance to the flora. cross-talk established between commensals and the intestinal epithelium mediate this active process, the mechanisms of w ... | 2006 | 16394013 |
| low risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome after early effective antimicrobial therapy for shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection in bangladesh. | hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) may complicate up to 15% of cases of shiga toxin (stx)-expressing enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 infections in children. administration of antimicrobials has been reported to increase the risk of stec-associated hus by >10-fold, presumably by increasing the expression and release of stx by dying stec bacteria. shigella dysenteriae type 1 also expresses stx. however, the effect of antimicrobial therapy on stx release and the risk of hus in humans ... | 2006 | 16392080 |
| proteomic and functional analysis of the suite of ysp proteins exported by the ysa type iii secretion system of yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1b. | full virulence of yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1b requires two distinct and distantly related contact-dependent type iii secretion (t3s) systems. the plasmid-encoded ysc t3s system is essential for systemic stages of infection and the yop effector proteins it translocates have been extensively studied. the chromosome-encoded ysa t3s system contributes to gastrointestinal stages of infection, but the suite of ysp effectors proteins it translocates into host cells remains obscure. using a proteo ... | 2006 | 16390460 |
| update on emerging infections: news from the centers for disease control and prevention. shigella flexneri serotype 3 infections among men who have sex with men--chicago, illinois 2003-2004. | 2006 | 16387224 | |
| [control of the host inflammatory response during shigella flexneri infection]. | 2006 | 16386212 | |
| bacterial and plant enterotoxin b subunit-autoantigen fusion proteins suppress diabetes insulitis. | several bacterial and plant enterotoxin b subunit-islet autoantigen fusion proteins were compared for their ability to serve as islet autoantigen carriers and adjuvants for reduction of pancreatic islet inflammation associated with type 1 diabetes. the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb), the heat-labile toxin b subunit from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (ltb), the shigella toxin b subunit (stb), and the plant toxin ricin b subunit (rtb) were genetically linked to the islet autoantigens proinsulin ... | 2006 | 16382177 |
| shibase: an integrated database for comparative genomics of shigella. | among the major enteric bacterial pathogens, shigella is found to display extreme genome diversity and dynamics, which imposes a challenge in comparative genomic studies. to facilitate further studies in this area, we have constructed an integrated online database, shibase (http://www.mgc.ac.cn/shibase/),which contains shigella genomic sequences of four species and additional comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) data of 43 serotypes. shibase offers online comparative analysis on dna sequences ... | 2006 | 16381896 |
| antibiotic principles from a streptomyces species and their sub-acute toxicity studies on hepatic, renal and haemopoietic system of rats. | two promising antibiotics, jf-a and jf-b were isolated from the chloroform extract of a banglaeshi streptomyces strain. the mean zones of inhibition produced by the chloroform extract (400 microg/disc), jf-a (200 microg/disc) and jf-b (200 microg/disc) against 19 pathogenic bacteria were found to be 9-50, 12-38 and 10-41 mm while those produced by a standard antibiotic, kanamycin were 11-40 mm at 30 microg/disc. mics of jf-a and jf-b were determined to be 64 microg/ml against bacillus subtilis a ... | 2005 | 16380336 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats. | with the aim of setting up an animal model of shigella dysenteriae-induced diarrhea, wistar rats received per os increasing densities of s. dysenteriae type 1 (sd1). inoculum of 12 x 10(8) sd1 provoked dysenteric diarrhea within 24 h. feces of healthy rats were molded, brown to black and rough. rats developing diarrhea presented blood at the anal orifice; stools were soft or liquid containing mucus, or molded, smooth and mucus-coated. at times, stools appeared longer, dark and shiny due to the p ... | 2005 | 16377862 |
| high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among shigella isolates in the united states tested by the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system from 1999 to 2002. | shigella spp. infect approximately 450,000 persons annually in the united states, resulting in over 6,000 hospitalizations. since 1999, the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms) for enteric bacteria has tested every 10th shigella isolate from 16 state or local public health laboratories for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. from 1999 to 2002, narms tested 1,604 isolates. among 1,598 isolates identified to species level, 1,278 (80%) were shigella sonnei, 295 (18%) w ... | 2006 | 16377666 |
| new vaccines against enteric bacteria for children in less developed countries. | diarrheal diseases represent a major threat to infant survival in less developed countries. a real opportunity now exists to help alleviate this problem through the development of safe and effective multicomponent whole-bacterial cell vaccine(s) against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and shigella, two important pathogens for which no licensed vaccine exists. what is preventing realization of this achievement is a lack of focus on the unique needs of children in less developed countries, along ... | 2005 | 16372876 |
| sorbitol-fermenting shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157: indications for an animal reservoir. | this study investigates a sorbitol-fermenting enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (sf ehec) o157 infection in a farmer's family in the austrian province of salzburg. the investigation commenced after a 10-month-old boy was admitted to hospital with the clinical diagnosis of a haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (hus) and his stool specimen grew sf ehec o157:h-. in a subsequent environmental survey, a stool specimen of the 2-year-old brother and faecal samples of two cattle from the family's farm were al ... | 2006 | 16371175 |
| evolution of foodborne pathogens via temperate bacteriophage-mediated gene transfer. | temperate bacteriophages have always been central to the evolution of bacteria, although their importance has been consistently underestimated compared to transformation and conjugation. in the last 20 years, as more gene and genome sequences have become available and researchers have more accurately determined bacteriophage populations in the environment, we are gaining a clearer picture of their role in the past and potential role in the future. the transductive and lysogenic capacities of thi ... | 2005 | 16366852 |
| [symptoms of food-borne diseases and gastroenteritis in kyushu, japan]. | in this study we analyzed the symptoms of gastroenteritis or food-borne disease caused by the 10 most prevalent pathogens: norovirus, salmonella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), shigella sonnei/flexneri (shigella), staphylococcus aureus, and emetic-type bacillus cereus. the symptoms diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and headache, and the incubation period in 646 cases i ... | 2005 | 16366357 |
| a ph dependent mechanism for inactivation of gram-negative bacteria by hen egg white and lambda lysozymes under high pressure. | 2005 | 16366309 | |
| detection and isolation method for bacterial lysozyme inhibitors by use of lysozyme affinity chromatography. | 2005 | 16366278 | |
| development and evaluation of a shigella flexneri 2a and s. sonnei bivalent invasin complex (invaplex) vaccine. | over 160 million cases of shigellosis occur annually worldwide, with the two most prevalent species being shigella flexneri and s. sonnei. protective immunity against shigella infection is primarily directed at the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of the homologous serotype, so it may be necessary to combine monovalent vaccines for multiple shigella serotypes to construct a multivalent vaccine against predominant serotypes. recently, we described a subcellular vaccine isolated from virulent s. flexneri, ... | 2006 | 16364513 |
| the utility of lactoferrin in differentiating parasitic from bacterial infections. | lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein found in the 2ry granules of pmn. in order to determine the usefulness of such marker for neutrophilic activity in differentiating cases suffering from amoebic and bacillary dysentery, schistosoma and bacterial uti infections, we examined stool and urine specimens using anti-lactoferrin antibodies (lactoferrin latex agglutination test: lfla), compared with different standard gold techniques. our results demonstrated that cases with either shigllosis or ... | 2005 | 16363291 |
| bacterial gene therapy strategies. | the ability of bacteria to mediate gene transfer has only recently been established and these observations have led to the utilization of various bacterial strains in gene therapy. the types of bacteria used include attenuated strains of salmonella, shigella, listeria, and yersinia, as well as non-pathogenic escherichia coli. for some of these vectors, the mechanism of dna transfer from the bacteria to the mammalian cell is not yet fully understood but their potential to deliver therapeutic mole ... | 2006 | 16362987 |
| [alibi verification and the pcr method to estimate the source of epidemic for a few notified cases of s. sonnei]. | a few culture-confirmed cases of s. sonnei have been notified from korean hospitals. the source of epidemic can't be firmly determined in such cases because of the rarity of this illness in the local communities and the timing of the outbreaks. the objective of this study is to estimate the source of epidemic by investigating the patients' lifestyles. | 2005 | 16358827 |
| a large, multiple-restaurant outbreak of infection with shigella flexneri serotype 2a traced to tomatoes. | foodborne outbreaks of shigella infection are uncommon and tomatoes are an unusual vehicle. we describe a large, multiple-restaurant outbreak of shigella flexneri serotype 2a infection that was associated with tomatoes. | 2006 | 16355324 |
| the genus shigella: (dysentery bacilli and allied species). | 1942 | 16350076 | |
| enterobacteria in feedlot waste and runoff. | samples of beef cattle feedlot waste (flw), runoff from the pens, and water from a large drainage ditch at the feedlot were examined for enterobacteriaceae. the drainage ditch receives the runoff but contains primarily subsurface drainage from fields on which flw is spread for disposal. planting and enrichment techniques with seven different media were used to isolate 553 cultures of enterobacteria. flw contains about 50 million enterobacteria/g dry weight. more than 90% of these were escherichi ... | 1972 | 16349932 |
| quantitative analyses of certain enteric bacteria and bacterial extracts: i. standardization and sonic disruption of eight enteric bacterial species, each at five population levels. | standardized individual preparations of five population levels of eight enteric organisms [escherichia coli (o4:h3), e. coli (o111:b4:h12), salmonella enteritidis, s. paratyphi b, s. typhimurium, shigella boydii, s. dysenteriae, and s. sonnei) were prepared. dry weights, calculated mean cell weight, and nitrogen content of bacterial suspensions before, and of supernatant fluids after, ultrasonic disruption are tabulated. percentages of disruption, estimated from nitrogen concentration ratios of ... | 1967 | 16349752 |
| detection of escherichia coli and shigella spp. in water by using the polymerase chain reaction and gene probes for uid. | [this corrects the article on p. 1013 in vol. 57.]. | 1991 | 16348547 |
| quinine sulfate inhibits invasion of salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri: a preliminary study. | the incidence of typhoid fever and shigellosis parallels that of malaria, so many individuals who are on antimalarial drugs can be found in areas where these diseases are widespread. we investigated the effect of quinine sulfate on the growth and invasion of salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri m90t to determine whether people on antimalarials can have secondary gain from some protection against typhoid fever and shigellosis. | 2005 | 16343387 |
| [construction and characterization of a live attenuated shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strain, sf301 delta virg and dsba33g]. | construction and characterization of a live attenuated shigella flexneria 2a sf301 vaccine strain to prevent the endemic of shigellosis. using chinese majority epidemic shigella flexneri 2a serotype sf301 as the target, p delta virg, a deletion derivation of the virg gene in the sacb suicide vector pcvd442 and pdsba33g, an mutant of a disulfide bond catalyst dsba, replaced its 33 amiano acid cystine by glycerin in pcvd442, were used to generate a attenuated mutant strain sf301: delta virg: dsba3 ... | 2005 | 16342769 |
| in-vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes of the antibiotic drug cephalothin (keflin). | keflin (kefl) interacts with co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) metal ions leading to complexes of the type m(kefl)2cl2 and m(kefl)cl2, which have been characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. magnetic moment, ir, electronic spectral and elemental analyses data suggest that keflin behaves tridentately forming octahedral or trigonal bipyramidal complexes with the metal ions mentioned above. the new compounds have been screened in-vitro for antibacterial and cytotoxic activity ag ... | 2005 | 16335054 |