Publications

scarless and site-directed mutagenesis in salmonella enteritidis chromosome.	a variety of techniques have been described which introduce scarless, site-specific chromosomal mutations. these techniques can be applied to make point mutations or gene deletions as well as insert heterologous dna into bacterial vectors for vaccine development. most methods use a multi-step approach that requires cloning and/or designing repeat sequences to facilitate homologous recombination. we have modified previously published techniques to develop a simple, efficient pcr-based method for ...	2007	17875218
protracted outbreak of s. enteritidis pt 21c in a large hamburg nursing home.	during august 2006, a protracted outbreak of salmonella (s.) enteritidis infections in a large hamburg nursing home was investigated.	2007	17854497
salmonella induces prominent gene expression in the rat colon.	salmonella enteritidis is suggested to translocate in the small intestine. in vivo it induces gene expression changes in the ileal mucosa and peyer's patches. stimulation of salmonella translocation by dietary prebiotics fermented in colon suggests involvement of the colon as well. however, effects of salmonella on colonic gene expression in vivo are largely unknown. we aimed to characterize time dependent salmonella-induced changes of colonic mucosal gene expression in rats using whole genome m ...	2007	17850650
role of acid-suppressing medications during a sustained outbreak of salmonella enteritidis infection in a long-term care facility.	during an insidious outbreak of salmonellosis in a long-term care facility, residents who were treated with acid-suppressing medications were 8 times more likely than other residents to develop salmonella infection. among vulnerable populations, the risks and benefits of acid-suppressing medications should be considered carefully before use.	2007	17828700
lysine decarboxylase-negative salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis: antibiotic susceptibility, phage and pfge typing.	one hundred twenty salmonella enteritidis isolates collected from 1992 to 2005 in nagasaki prefecture (65 isolates from 40 outbreak cases, 44 from sporadic diarrhea patients, and 11 from chicken-related products) were investigated by their antibiotic susceptibility profiles, phage typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing. out of them, 18 were identified as lysine decarboxylase (ldc)-negative isolates, and 15 showed resistance toward streptomycin. based on the pfge typing, the i ...	2007	17827887
reinterpreting a community outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in the light of molecular typing.	in november 2005, a large outbreak due to salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (s. enteritidis) was observed within children who had eaten their meals at 53 school cafeterias in florence and the surrounding area. a total of 154 isolates of s. enteritidis were recovered from human cases between november 2005 and january 2006. all strains were assigned phage type 8 (pt8) and a common xbai pulsotype. this paper reports the findings of a molecular epidemiological investigation performed on 124 s ...	2007	17825103
[evaluation of the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotic culture added to yogurt over staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enteritidis populations].	the effect of different types of probiotics present in yogurt over known populations of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enteritidis was evaluated. the three types of yogurt used were: without added probiotics, with added probiotics (lactobacillus casei crl_431 and l. acidophilus crl_730 chr hansen) and another one with the same probiotics mentioned above and lactobacillus rhamnosus (lr-35) culture. about 10(9) cfu/ ml of each potentially pat ...	2007	17824199
variation in salmonella resistance to poultry chemical decontaminants, based on serotype, phage type, and antibiotic resistance patterns.	chemical decontaminants are currently under review for final approval by the european union authorities with the aim of reducing the number and/or prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms on poultry. the purpose of the research being reported here was to determine the association, if any, of decontaminant resistance with the serotype, phage type, and antibiotic resistance of salmonella strains. sixty poultry isolates of salmonella enterica (serotypes enteritidis: phage types 1, 4, 4b, 6a, 14b, an ...	2007	17803139
isolation of salmonella enteritidis phage type 30 from a single almond orchard over a 5-year period.	in 2001, salmonella enteritidis phage type (pt) 30 was isolated from drag swabs of 17 61-ha almond orchards on three farms linked to an outbreak of salmonellosis associated with consumption of raw almonds. the objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term persistence of salmonella enteritidis pt 30 in one of the almond orchards associated with the outbreak. swabs (gauze saturated with full-strength sterile evaporated skim milk and attached to string) were pulled along the orchard floor i ...	2007	17803132
transmission of salmonella enteritidis by pulex irritans and ctenocephalus canis.		1946	17790174
salmonella serotype enteritidis infections among workers producing poultry vaccine--maine, november-december 2006.	on november 15, 2006, the maine department of health and human services (mdhhs) was notified of a case of salmonellosis (a nationally notifiable disease) in an employee of a facility that produced poultry vaccine. when a second case of salmonellosis in another employee at the same facility was reported on november 25, mdhhs began an outbreak investigation. results of that investigation suggested that 21 employees of the facility became ill during a 1-month period from exposure to a strain of sal ...	2007	17728692
interference of raw milk autochthonous microbiota on the performance of conventional methodologies for listeria monocytogenes and salmonella spp. detection.	pathogen detection in foods by reliable methodologies is very important to guarantee microbiological safety. however, peculiar characteristics of certain foods, such as autochthonous microbiota, can directly influence pathogen development and detection. with the objective of verifying the performance of the official analytical methodologies for the isolation of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella in milk, different concentrations of these pathogens were inoculated in raw milk treatments with d ...	2009	17720465
protective action of lactobacillus kefir carrying s-layer protein against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.	eight lactobacillus kefir strains isolated from different kefir grains were tested for their ability to antagonize salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) interaction with epithelial cells. l. kefir surface properties such as autoaggregation and coaggregation with salmonella and adhesion to caco-2/tc-7 cells were evaluated. l. kefir strains showed significantly different adhesion capacities, six strains were able to autoaggregate and four strains coaggregated with salmon ...	2007	17719671
salmonella in poultry flocks and humans--s. enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis in the past.	after importing of breeder lines for laying flocks from canada into the former gdr in 1966 the egg industry in this country was completely isolated from that in western germany or other western european countries until opening the border in germany in 1989. because of this isolation from other countries, an analysis of the clonal diversity of salmonella (s.) enteritidis isolates originated from humans, chickens and food in the former gdr during the 1980s would provide a unique opportunity to obt ...	2007	17715825
evaluating chronic disease for heterogeneous populations: the case of arthritis.	cost-effectiveness evaluation for health care programs often involves the use of quality-adjusted life-year (qaly) estimates to measure morbidity losses from health conditions. current techniques for measuring morbidity losses are often subjective, inflexible, impractical, and subject to bias.	2007	17712256
contribution of spi-4 genes to the virulence of salmonella enterica.	salmonella pathogenicity island-4 (spi-4) is a 27-kb region that carries six genes designated siiabcdef. siic, siid, and siif form a type i secretion apparatus for the secretion of siie, a huge (approximately 600 kda) protein contributing to the colonization of the bovine intestines. here it is shown that loss of spi-4 attenuates the oral virulence of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis in mice. fifty percent lethal doses were elevated in both serovars upon the loss of spi-4 ...	2007	17711458
chicken cecum immune response to salmonella enterica serovars of different levels of invasiveness.	day-old chicks are very susceptible to infections with salmonella enterica subspecies. the gut mucosa is the initial site of host invasion and provides the first line of defense against the bacteria. to study the potential of different s. enterica serovars to invade the gut mucosa and trigger an immune response, day-old chicks were infected orally with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, s. enterica serovar typhimurium, s. enterica serovar hadar, or s. enterica serovar infantis, respectivel ...	2007	17709416
ability of bacteriophages isolated from different sources to reduce salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in vitro and in vivo.	salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis-lysing bacteriophages isolated from poultry or human sewage sources were used to reduce salmonella enteritidis in vitro and in experimentally infected chicks. cocktails of 4 different bacteriophages obtained from commercial broiler houses (cb4ø) and 45 bacteriophages from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (wt45ø) were evaluated. in experiment 1, an in vitro crop assay was conducted with selected bacteriophage concentrations (10(5) to 10(9) pfu/ml) to ...	2007	17704377
influence of lactic acid bacteria on longevity of caenorhabditis elegans and host defense against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.	this study aimed to develop a convenient model to investigate the senescence of host defenses and the influence of food and nutrition. a small soil nematode, caenorhabditis elegans, was grown for 3 days from hatching on a lawn of escherichia coli op50 as the normal food source, and subsequently some of the nematodes were fed lactic acid bacteria (lab). the life spans of worms fed lab were significantly longer than the life spans of those fed op50. to investigate the effect of age on host defense ...	2007	17704266
interaction of a salmonella enteritidis o-antigen octasaccharide with the phage p22 tailspike protein by nmr spectroscopy and docking studies.	the tailspike protein p22 recognizes an octasaccharide derived from the o-antigen polysaccharide of salmonella enteritidis in a shallow groove and molecular docking successfully identifies this binding region on the protein surface. analysis by 2d (1)h,(1)h-t-roesy and transferred noesy nmr experiments indicate that the bound octasaccharide ligand has a conformation similar to that observed in solution. the results from a saturation transfer difference nmr experiment show that a large number of ...	2008	17703358
[acute gastroenteritis in isolation ward iii voivodeship hospital in warsaw 2001-2005].	study was done to evaluate changes of serotypes of salmonella, clinical pattern, methods of treatment of patients who were hospitalized in our ward between 2001-2005. among 129 patients with microbiologicaly confirmed salmonella serotype s. enteritidis is prevalent. no changes of etiology were detected. signs and treatment was not significantly changed. the most common source of infection were poultry products.	2007	17702445
[serovars and epidemiological properties of salmonella isolated from patients with sporadic diarrhea in yamanashi prefecture during the last 22 years (1985-2006)].	we studied the serovars, yearly and monthly frequency of isolates, and drug susceptibility of 3,028 strains of salmonella isolated from patients with sporadic diarrhea during april 1985 to december 2006 in yamanashi prefecture. results are as follows : 1) isolates were serologically classified into 72 different serovars. predominant serovars were s. enteritidis (59.3%), s. typhimurium (10.5%), s. oranienburg (2.9%), s. hadar (2.4%), s. litchfield (2.3%), and s. infantis (2.0%). 2) serovars of s. ...	2007	17695793
synthesis, structure and antimicrobial activity of manganese(ii) and cobalt(ii) complexes of the polyether ionophore antibiotic sodium monensin a.	mononuclear neutral manganese(ii) and cobalt(ii) complexes with the antibiotic sodium monensin a (mon-na, 1b) were synthesized and characterized. the crystal structures of m(mon-na)2cl2.h2o (m=mn, 2; m=co, 3) were determined by x-ray crystallography. the complexes crystallize in monoclinic space group c2 with a tetrahedrally coordinated transition metal attached to oxygen atoms of deprotonated carboxyl groups of two sodium monensin molecules and two chloride ions. the sodium ion remains in the c ...	2008	17692921
multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of salmonella enteritidis isolates from human and non-human sources using a single multiplex pcr.	simplified multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) was developed using one-shot multiplex pcr for seven variable-number tandem repeats (vntr) markers with high diversity capacity. mlva, phage typing, and pfge methods were applied on 34 diverse salmonella enteritidis isolates from human and non-human sources. mlva detected allelic variations that helped to classify the s. enteritidis isolates into more evenly distributed subtypes than other methods. mlva-based s. enteritidis ...	2007	17692097
salmonella enteritidis related prosthetic joint infection.		2006	17691246
the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 regulator ssra promotes reproductive tract but not intestinal colonization in chickens.	using a deletion mutant in the regulator of spi-2, ssra, we investigated the role of spi-2 in invasion, intestinal colonization and reproductive tract infection of chickens by salmonella enteritidis. the ssra mutant was fully invasive in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells but failed to persist within chicken macrophages. the ability of salmonella enteritidis to cause disease in orally infected 1-day-old chicks was not altered when ssra was deleted. furthermore, caecal colonization was not affec ...	2008	17689891
[acute encephalopathy in salmonella infection].	while infections with salmonella typhi may frequently result in encephalopathy, this complication is rare in infections with salmonella enteritidis and has been rarely reported. we report about a 21 months old girl which developed encephalopathy with convulsion, ataxia and cortical blindness following salmonella infection. moreover, we show a summary of ten previous case reports.	2008	17687755
[salmonella enteritidis infection presenting with septic shock, renal failure and cutaneous manifestations].	infections by salmonella enteritidis commonly present with diarrhoea, vomiting and fever and complications such as septicaemia, pleural effusion and acute renal failure are usually rare. there are only few reports of cutaneous manifestations and especially septic shock in patients with salmonella enteritidis infection. we report on a previously healthy seven-year-old boy suffering from salmonella enteritidis septicaemia presenting with septic shock, pleural effusion, renal failure and an unusual ...	2009	17687754
sero-epidemiology as a tool to study the incidence of salmonella infections in humans.	although most foodborne infections are undiagnosed, the incidence of these infections is usually calculated from reported cases. we present a novel population-based method to estimate the incidence of non-typhoid salmonella infections. from 154 patients with confirmed salmonella serotype enteritidis infection, we determined the kinetics of the antibody response. the estimated mean responses for the three classes of serum antibodies were combined such that the time from infection could be estimat ...	2008	17678562
global gene expression profile after salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis challenge in two f8 advanced intercross chicken lines.	a chicken 13k cdna microarray was used to profile global gene expression after salmonella enteritidis (se) challenge of young chickens. two f8 advanced intercross lines (ail), broiler by leghorn, and broiler by fayoumi, were studied. day-old chicks were orally inoculated with se, and spleens were harvested at day 7 or 8 post-inoculation. the se bacteria burden in the spleen was quantified. the 20% high and 20% low se burden birds within each ail and harvest time were studied by microarray. the l ...	2007	17675853
fecal shedding of salmonella spp. in dogs.	rectal swabs from 100 dogs that were admitted to the veterinary clinic and from randomly selected 100 dogs from one kennel were examined for the presence of salmonella spp. s. enteritidis was isolated from a household dog and the strain was susceptible to all antibiotics that were tested. s. typhimurium was isolated from a dog from the kennel and it was sensitive to all the antibiotics except streptomycin and neomycin. even though, the occurence of salmonella spp. in the feces of the dogs in thi ...	2007	17675814
isolation of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis from houseflies (musca domestica) found in rooms containing salmonella serovar enteritidis-challenged hens.	houseflies (musca domestica) released into rooms containing hens challenged with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella serovar enteritidis) rapidly became contaminated with salmonella serovar enteritidis. forty to 50% of the flies were contaminated at 48 h, and the percentage increased to 50 to 70% at 4 and 7 days postexposure and then decreased to 30% at day 15. initial attempts at recovering surface organisms for culture using an aqueous rinse were largely unsuccessful, while cul ...	2007	17675422
evidence that the p38 map kinase pathway is dysregulated in hla-b27-expressing human monocytic cells: correlation with hla-b27 misfolding.	to investigate the cause of the enhanced intracellular replication of salmonella enteritidis in hla-b27-transfected u937 human monocytic cells and the contribution of hla-b27 heavy chain (hc) misfolding.	2007	17665421
salmonella enteritidis meningitis - a case report.	a male infant admitted with pyogenic meningitis with protein energy malnutrition developed fatal infection due to salmonella enteritidis. the same organism was isolated from csf and blood cultures.	2001	17664820
production of antibody in mammary gland of pregnant, non-lactating and lactating cows, evoked by polyvalent antigen with reference to dosage and frequency of immunization.	sixteen cows were used in a series of experiments to test dose, route and frequency responses in the production of milk and serum agglutinins to a spectrum of 9 proven bovine pathogens. the bacterial species were: pasteurella multocida (2 isolates), escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus albus, streptococcus sp., corynebacterium sp., salmonella enteriditis, and aerobacter aerogenes. primary immunizations were made either through the teat canal or intramuscularly. "booster" injec ...	1964	17649521
drastic decrease of salmonella enteritidis isolated from humans in belgium in 2005, shift in phage types and influence on foodborne outbreaks.	in belgium, non-typhoidal salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis are the two most frequently reported foodborne illnesses. during 2005, a 71% decrease of salmonella enteritidis infections compared with the average annual number cases in the period 2000-2004 was recorded by the belgian national reference centre for salmonella and shigella. after the peak of 1999, the total number of salmonellosis cases decreased gradually, with the exception of 2003 when an increase was again recorded due to the ri ...	2008	17645812
ctx-m-14 type beta-lactamase producing salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolated from imported chicken meat.		2007	17642544
study of predominant bacterial antigens triggering antibody response in salmonella reactive arthritis: apropos of a case.	reactive arthritis (rea) is a sterile arthritis triggered by distal mucosal infection, which suggests a contribution from bacterial products. the pathogenesis of rea is unclear. there are no international standards for the serological methods used to confirm rea. in the present work, we analyzed the predominant bacterial component that triggered an immune response in a 24-year-old woman with acute rea. the candidate bacterial trigger was investigated by measuring the antibacterial antibodies (al ...	2007	17642539
dynamics of the avian inflammatory response to salmonella following administration of the toll-like receptor 5 agonist flagellin.	previous work has shown that flagellin (fgn) is a potent stimulator in vitro of phagocytic cell functions of chickens. the purpose of this study was to define the effects of fgn on the inflammatory response to salmonella enteritidis (se) in chickens. intra-abdominal (ia) fgn administration caused significant increases in peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) compared with se-injected controls at 4 and 8 h postinjection (p<or=0.05). the heterophil (pmn) was the predominant cell responsible for the in ...	2007	17640291
gas-forming splenic abscess due to salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in a chronically hemodialyzed patient.	we describe a diabetic patient who was chronically hemodialyzed due to end-stage renal disease and developed a gas-forming splenic abscess and bacteremia caused by salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis. fever persisted despite urgent splenectomy and intravenous ceftriaxone and metronidazole for 14 days. he recovered completely after intravenous ciprofloxacin/metronidazole treatment for a further 14 days. the isolate was susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone and did not exhibit extended ...	2007	17639171
temporal effects of lactic acid bacteria probiotic culture on salmonella in neonatal broilers.	we evaluated the ability of a commercially available lactic acid bacteria-based probiotic culture (lab) to reduce salmonella enteritidis or salmonella typhimurium in day-of-hatch broiler chicks. in these experiments, chicks were challenged with salmonella enteritidis or salmonella typhimurium and treated with lab 1-h postchallenge. following treatment, cecal tonsils and ceca were aseptically collected for salmonella enteritidis or salmonella typhimurium enrichment or salmonella enteritidis enume ...	2007	17626811
molting in salmonella enteritidis-challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles. i. salmonella enteritidis colonization and virulence gene hila response.	the objectives of this study were to enumerate salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in fecal, cecal, and internal organs, and to compare the level of virulence gene expression (hila) of experimentally challenged laying hens fed different dietary molt-induction regimens. twelve salmonella-free single comb leghorn hens (>50 wk old) hens were randomly assigned to each of 6 treatment groups designated based on diet in 2 trials: 1) feed withdrawal salmonella enteritidis-positive (fw+) ...	2007	17626806
detection of salmonella in spent hens and eggs associated with foodborne infections.	about 16,000 spent hens from 23 farms in the northern area of japan were purchased in 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 to isolate salmonella in two poultry processing plants. salmonella was detected in 12 of 23 farms (52.2%). in particular, the serotypes enteritidis and infantis were detected in four and three farms, respectively. the prevalence rates in the hens' ceca, immature eggs, and the yolk of mature eggs in oviducts were 14%, 7.2%, and 6.8%, respectively. a total of 23 serotypes were detected. ...	2007	17626487
chicken gallinacin gene cluster associated with salmonella response in advanced intercross line.	salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a gram-negative bacterium that negatively affects human and animal health. many eukaryotes use antimicrobial peptides (alpha-defensins, beta-defensins, gamma-defensins, and cathelicidins) in innate immune responses to fight bacterial infections. poultry gallinacins are the functional equivalents of mammalian beta-defensins. two related advanced intercross lines of chickens were analyzed for association of gallinacin genotypic variation with salmonella e ...	2007	17626484
effects of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis vaccination in layer hens subjected to s. enteritidis challenge and various feed withdrawal regimens.	levels of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis infection and serum s. enteritidis antibodies after experimental s. enteritidis challenge and feed withdrawal were investigated in s. enteritidis-vaccinated and unvaccinated hens. the results were used to determine whether formalin-inactivated s. enteritidis vaccination can protect layer hens from s. enteritidis challenge during feed withdrawal periods. s. enteritidis infection rates were evaluated from cloacal swabs, eggs and org ...	2007	17624693
colonization and organ invasion in chicks experimentally infected with dermanyssus gallinae contaminated by salmonella enteritidis.	the poultry red mite (dermanyssus gallinae) is the most important and common ectoparasite of laying hens in europe. this haematophagous mite has been experimentally demonstrated to be a vector of salmonella enteritidis by acquiring bacteria through the blood meal or cuticular contact. we have evaluated another route of infection by orally inoculating chicks with mites previously infected by s. enteritidis. two methods of infecting the mites were tested: mites contaminated by cuticular contact or ...	2007	17620177
inactivation of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella senftenberg in liquid whole egg using generally recognized as safe additives, ionizing radiation, and heat.	the effect of combining irradiation and heat (i.e., irradiation followed by heat [ir-h]) on salmonella enteritidis and salmonella senftenberg inoculated into liquid whole egg (lwe) with added nisin, edta, sorbic acid, carvacrol, or combinations of these gras (generally recognized as safe) additives was investigated. synergistic reductions of salmonella populations were observed when lwe samples containing gras additives were treated by gamma radiation (0.3 and 1.0 kgy), heat (57 and 60 degrees c ...	2007	17612070
salmonella in uncooked retail meats in new zealand.	a national quantitative survey of salmonella in five types of uncooked retail meats in new zealand was undertaken from august 2003 to may 2005 to establish baseline proportionality data. the overall prevalence of salmonella in 1,108 meat samples was 1.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 1.9). low prevalences of salmonella in each meat type were observed, with 3% (1.2 to 6.1) in chicken, 1.3% (0.3 to 3.8) in lamb and mutton, 0.5% (0 to 3.0) in unweaned veal, 0.4% (0 to 2.4) in beef, and 0% (0 to ...	2007	17612064
an epidemiological analysis of salmonella enteritidis contamination in a rat-infested chicken layer farm, an egg processing facility, and liquid egg samples by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	in order to determine the epidemiological link between the salmonella enteritidis contamination in a rat-infested chicken layer farm, an attached egg processing facility and liquid egg samples, several s. enteritidis isolates were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and bacteriophage typing. a total of 33 s. enteritidis strains were isolated from a total of 4,081 samples. similar pulsed-field patterns were generated by s. enteritidis isolates from liquid eggs, rats and effluent w ...	2007	17611364
salmonella infections in asir region, southern saudi arabia: expatriated implications.	one hundred forty-two cases of salmonella infection seen in asir region, southern saudi arabia, during the period of 1989-1991 inclusive, were analyzed. ninety-four cases were found to have enteric fever and 48 cases were found to have, salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis. enteric fever is more common in non-saudis (64%) than in the indigenous saudi population (34%). salmonella enteriditis gastroenteritis is more common among the saudi population (75%) than non-saudis (25%). the clinical pres ...	1993	17590669
preoptic norepinephrine mediates the febrile response of guinea pigs to lipopolysaccharide.	norepinephrine (ne) microdialyzed in the preoptic area (poa) raises core temperature (t(c)) via 1) alpha(1)-adrenoceptors (ar), quickly and independently of poa pge(2), and 2) alpha(2)-ar, after a delay and pge(2) dependently. since systemic lipopolysaccharide (lps) activates the central noradrenergic system, we investigated whether preoptic ne mediates lps fever. we injected lps (2 microg/kg iv) in guinea pigs prepared with intra-poa microdialysis probes and determined poa cerebrospinal (csf) n ...	2007	17584956
preoptic nitric oxide attenuates endotoxic fever in guinea pigs by inhibiting the poa release of norepinephrine.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) administration induces hypothalamic nitric oxide (no); no is antipyretic in the preoptic area (poa), but its mechanism of action is uncertain. lps also stimulates the release of preoptic norepinephrine (ne), which mediates fever onset. because ne upregulates no synthases and no induces cyclooxygenase (cox)-2-dependent pge(2), we investigated whether no mediates the production of this central fever mediator. conscious guinea pigs with intra-poa microdialysis probes receiv ...	2007	17584955
application of bax system, tecra unique salmonella test, and a conventional culture method for the detection of salmonella in ready-to-eat and raw foods.	to compare the bax system, the tecra unique salmonella test, and a conventional culture method for the detection of salmonella in various foods.	2007	17584468
effect of dietary beta1-4 mannobiose in the prevention of salmonella enteritidis infection in broilers.	1. this study investigated the effects of beta1-4 mannobiose (mnb)-supplemented feeds on the kinetics of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) in broilers and the ensuing histopathological changes. d-mannose (man) was used for comparison. the diets supplemented with mnb or man were fed during the first two weeks after hatching to investigate any protection against se infection in growing birds and any immunomodulatory functions in the gut. 2. mnb-supplementation reduced se organ colonisat ...	2007	17578696
public health investigations of salmonella enteritidis in catering raw shell eggs, 2002-2004.	in response to a dramatic change in the epidemiology of salmonella enteritidis in england and wales thought to be associated with raw shell eggs, the health protection agency initiated public health investigations to establish the incidence of salmonella contamination and origin of eggs used by catering premises implicated in outbreaks of salm. enteritidis.	2007	17576219
serotyping, pcr, phage-typing and antibiotic sensitivity testing of salmonella serovars isolated from urban drinking water supply systems of nepal.	to study the occurrence and diversity of salmonella serovars in urban water supply systems of nepal.	2007	17576218
in vitro penetration of egg yolks by salmonella enteritidis and salmonella heidelberg strains during thirty-six-hour ambient temperature storage.	although salmonella deposition inside yolks is uncommon in naturally contaminated eggs, migration through the vitelline membrane into the nutrient-rich yolk contents could enable rapid bacterial multiplication. egg refrigeration restricts both penetration and growth, but a recently proposed national salmonella enteritidis control program would allow unrefrigerated ambient temperature storage of eggs on farms for up to 36 h. the present study used an in vitro egg contamination model to assess the ...	2007	17575192
antibody responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, lipopolysaccharide, and newcastle disease virus vaccine in f2 and backcrosses of white leghorn lines selected for two different immune response traits.	planned crosses were designed to produce an f(2) and 2 backcross populations from 2 lines of white leghorn chickens previously selected over 10 generations for 2 different in vivo immune responses. the selection criteria applied on the 2 grandparental lines were as follows: high antibody response to newcastle disease virus vaccine 3 wk after vaccination (nd3) and high cell-mediated immune response [response to phytohemagglutinin]. furthermore a control line was kept by random breeding. the objec ...	2007	17575177
mucosal lymphatic-derived gammadelta t cells respond early to experimental salmonella enterocolitis by increasing expression of il-2r alpha.	to better understand the roles of gammadelta t cells in mucosal infection, we utilized salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella serovar typhimurium) infection in cattle as it closely approximates salmonella serovar typhimurium-induced enterocolitis in humans. protein and gene expression in alphabeta and gammadelta t cells derived from lymphatic ducts draining the gut mucosa in salmonella serovar typhimurium-infected calves were analyzed. in calves with enterocolitis, general gene expr ...	2007	17574223
nosocomial meningitis caused by enterobacteriaceae: risk factors and outcome in 18 cases in 1992-2007.	nosocomial neuroinfections due to enterobacteriaceae represented 9.5% in our cohort of 171 cases of paediatric meningitis within last 15 years. commonest etiologic agents was e. coli - 9 (50%) followed by klebsiella pneumoniae - 3 (16,7%) and enterobacter cloacae. citrobacter freundii, proteus mirabilis and salmonella enteritidis (1 each). commonest risk factors were neonatal age 13 - (72.2%), very low birth weight 5 (27.8%), craniocerebral trauma - 4 (22.2%) and neurosurgery - 5 (27.8%). all bu ...	2007	17558373
inhibition of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis on agar and raw chicken by carvacrol vapour.	carvacrol is known to inhibit a number of food borne pathogens. the activity of carvacrol vapour was evaluated against s. enterica serotype enteritidis on tryptone soya agar and on pieces of raw chicken. on agar, the size of the inhibition zone increased with decreasing volume of agar, increasing vapour exposure period, increasing temperature, increasing volume of carvacrol used and with decreasing bacterial density. inhibition was equally effective under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. on chi ...	2007	17553584
detection of salmonella sp. in dermanyssus gallinae using an fta filter-based polymerase chain reaction.	salmonella spp. bacteria are responsible for some of the most important zoonoses worldwide. because dermanyssus gallinae (degeer) (acari: dermanyssidae) has been recently reported to be an experimental vector of salmonella enteritidis, it would be of benefit to evaluate the presence of this bacterium in mites. a molecular detection tool associating a simple filter-based dna preparation with a specific 16s rdna salmonella sp. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification was described. the limit ...	2007	17550434
an unusual cause of acute renal failure in a kidney transplant recipient: salmonella enteritidis post-infectious glomerulonephritis.	salmonella enteritidis-associated acute renal failure has often been described and is usually a result of dehydration or of rhabdomyolysis. a few cases of acute renal failure with glomerular syndrome, caused by s. enteritidis infection, have been reported in the literature, but none have been proven by histological findings.	2007	17542342
[using neosmectin in the complex therapy of patients with acute intestinal infections].		2007	17539357
prevalence of salmonella in grade a whole shell eggs in the island of ireland.	following the emergence of salmonella enteritidis as a widespread contaminant of eggs and the role of eggs in the transmission of human salmonellosis, control measures were introduced to curb the spread of infection. two approaches to salmonella control are currently used by egg producers in ireland, because northern ireland producers, like those in the rest of the united kingdom, widely adopted a vaccination regime, whereas the republic of ireland does not permit vaccination but introduced cont ...	2007	17536685
antimicrobial activity of olive oil, vinegar, and various beverages against foodborne pathogens.	the survival of foodborne pathogens in aqueous extracts of olive oil, virgin olive oil, vinegar, and several beverages was evaluated. vinegar and aqueous extracts of virgin olive oil showed the strongest bactericidal activity against all strains tested. red and white wines also killed most strains after 5 min of contact, black and green tea extracts showed weak antimicrobial activity under these conditions, and no effect was observed for the remaining beverages (fruit juices, coca-cola, dairy pr ...	2007	17536679
fepa- and tonb-dependent bacteriophage h8: receptor binding and genomic sequence.	h8 is derived from a collection of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis bacteriophage. its morphology and genomic structure closely resemble those of bacteriophage t5 in the family siphoviridae. h8 infected s. enterica serotypes enteritidis and typhimurium and escherichia coli by initial adsorption to the outer membrane protein fepa. ferric enterobactin inhibited h8 binding to e. coli fepa (50% inhibition concentration, 98 nm), and other ferric catecholate receptors (fiu, cir, and iron) did ...	2007	17526714
[clinical and microbiological features of salmonella gastroenteritis in children].	the aim of our study was to evaluate the role of salmonella spp in children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis, and to study clinical and microbiological features of paediatric salmonellosis in our geographical area. in all, 540 patients admitted from march to september 2003 with symptoms of acute enteritis to the infectious diseases department of the "g. di cristina" hospital in palermo were enrolled. stool samples were collected within 48 hours of admission and tested for intestinal pathog ...	2007	17515672
influence of treatment time and pulse frequency on salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes populations inoculated in melon and watermelon juices treated by pulsed electric fields.	consumption of unpasteurized melon and watermelon juices has caused several disease outbreaks by pathogenic microorganisms worldwide. pulsed electric field (pef) has been recognized as a technology that may inactivate those bacteria present in fluid food products at low temperatures. hence, pef treatment at 35 kv/cm, 4 mus pulse duration in bipolar mode and square shape were applied on salmonella enteritidis, e. coli and l. monocytogenes populations inoculated in melon and watermelon juices with ...	2007	17512997
a real-time pcr for the detection of salmonella enteritidis in poultry meat and consumption eggs.	a robust duplex 5' nuclease (taqman) real-time pcr was developed and in-house validated for the specific detection of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis in whole chicken carcass rinses and consumption eggs. the assay uses specifically designed primers and a taqman probe to target the prot6e gene located on the s. enteritidis specific 60-kb virulence plasmid. as an internal amplification control to monitor salmonella dna in the sample, a second primer/taqman probe set det ...	2007	17512995
etiologic agents of diarrhea in solid organ recipients.	after transplantation, diarrhea may be caused by infectious agents, drug-specific effects, metabolic conditions, or mechanical complications of surgery. determining the cause helps to determine whether to initiate antimicrobial therapy and the duration of treatment. in this study we aimed to determine the causes of diarrhea in kidney or liver recipients. fifty-two diarrhea episodes among 43 solid organ recipients were evaluated. the cause of diarrhea was detected in 43 patients (82.6%). infectio ...	2007	17511817
the effects of the bt/tamus 2032 cationic peptides on innate immunity and susceptibility of young chickens to extraintestinal salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection.	the bt/tamus 2032 (bt) cationic peptides are a group of related cationic peptides produced by a gram-positive bacterium. cationic amphiphilic peptides have been found to stimulate or prime the innate immune responses in mammals. the innate immune system of poultry is functionally inefficient during the first week post-hatch enabling pathogens such as salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) to invade and colonize the visceral organs of these immature birds. the objective of the present study ...	2007	17499193
[interaction of chaotropically modified immunoglobulins with protein and glicolipid antigens].	the features of interaction of native and chaotropically modified immunoglobulins with proteins (ovalbumin) and glicolipids (lipopolysaccharides, lps) enterobacteria escherichia coli k235, salmonella minnesota and salmonella enteritidis have been investigated. it has been established, that after processing of native antibodies with 3.5 m kscn their ability to contact to the specified antigenes repeatedly grows. besides the intensity of interaction of modified immunoglobulins with the mentioned a ...	2006	17494322
efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in lupus erythematosus chorea.	chorea is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and is strongly related to the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. various infections may also be triggering factors in the development of choreiform movements. additionally, salmonella infection is the most common opportunistic bacterial infection in sle patients. we report a case of a 33-year-old woman with sle who developed lupus erythematosus-associated chorea with multiple involuntary movements and cognitive disturbanc ...	2007	17487450
comparative evaluation of a bivalent killed salmonella vaccine to prevent egg contamination with salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, typhimurium, and gallinarum biovar pullorum, using 4 different challenge models.	we evaluated a newly developed commercial bivalent killed salmonella vaccine oilvax set for its ability to decrease contamination with salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium in layer chickens. in either an oral or intravaginal challenge model, the fecal shedding was decreased in vaccinated hens, but egg contamination was not evaluated due to scarcity of contaminated eggs even in the unvaccinated control groups. in contrast, an intravenous and an intraperitoneal challenge result ...	2007	17485152
a nosocomial, foodborne outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in a university hospital in greece: the importance of establishing haccp systems in hospital catering.		2007	17482719
factors affecting compost tea as a potential source of escherichia coli and salmonella on fresh produce.	compost tea (ct) is an unheated on-farm infusion of compost used as a spray or soil drench to promote plant growth and control foliar and root diseases. because food safety involves all aspects from farm to fork, ct should meet basic microbiological criteria for water quality. this report describes the effects of two ct production processes, aerated and nonaerated, on growth and survival of foodborne pathogens and fecal coliforms. seven commercially available nutrients used to supplement ct were ...	2007	17477249
colonization of specific regions of the reproductive tract and deposition at different locations inside eggs laid by hens infected with salmonella enteritidis or salmonella heidelberg.	internal contamination of eggs by salmonella enteritidis has been a significant source of human illness for several decades and is the focus of a recently proposed u.s. food and drug administration regulatory plan. salmonella heidelberg has also been identified as an egg-transmitted human pathogen. the deposition of salmonella strains inside eggs is apparently a consequence of reproductive tissue colonization in infected laying hens, but the relationship between colonization of specific regions ...	2007	17461265
[emergence of multidrug resistant salmonella strains in lome (togo)].	this study had for aim to compare antibiotic resistance of 332 salmonella enterica strains identified in human samples in the course of infections, in lome.	2007	17459634
lps-based conjugate vaccines composed of saccharide antigens of smooth-type salmonella enteritidis and rough-type s. gallinarum 9r bound to bovine serum albumin.	lipopolysaccahrides (lpss) from salmonella enteritidis, s. gallinarum, and s. enterica typhimurium showed an identical electrophoretic banding pattern and serological cross-reactions among each other. lpss from wild-type salmonella enteritidis and rough mutant s. gallinarum 9r were detoxified by cleavage of lipid a moieties using mild acid hydrolysis. the non-toxic saccharide moieties from both strains were coupled directly to bovine serum albumin (bsa). the conjugates were injected in mice in c ...	2007	17454895
neck abscess and necrotizing fasciitis caused by salmonella infection: a report of 2 cases.		2007	17448858
competitive exclusion against salmonella enteritidis in layer chickens by yoghurt microbiota: impact on egg production, protection and yolk-antibody and cholesterol levels.	this work aims at studying the impact of competitive exclusion of salmonella serotype enteritidis infection in layer chickens, by microbiota of fresh and dried-modified yoghurt, on egg production and weight, protection against infection, and on yolk-antibody and cholesterol levels.	2007	17448168
a hotel-based outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) in the united kingdom, 2006.	an outbreak of food-borne salmonella enteritidis pt4 occurred in cumbria, in north-west england, in the summer of 2006. fifteen people, all with positive stool samples, met the case definition; three of these were admitted to hospital, including one patient who died. preliminary investigations suggested a link to a meal served at a local hotel. a case control study was implemented, together with microbiological and environmental investigations. fifteen microbiologically confirmed cases and 27 un ...	2007	17439807
[ruptured infectious pseudoanerysm of the superficial femoral artery: literature overview and a case review].		2007	17436670
protective immunity of biodegradable nanoparticle-based vaccine against an experimental challenge with salmonella enteritidis in mice.	salmonella spp. infections transmitted by contaminated poultry and eggs represent a major global health burden. salmonella enterica serovar. enteritidis is the leading cause of human salmonellosis worldwide. the cell surface antigens of salmonella enteritidis play an important role in the host-pathogen interactions and as such represent potential candidates for subunit-vaccine development. an immunogenic subcellular extract obtained from whole salmonella enteritidis cells (he) was encapsulated i ...	2007	17434651
aerobic and anaerobic growth modes and expression of type 1 fimbriae in salmonella.	the aim of this study was to clarify the growth rates of facultatively anaerobic salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain in aerobic and anaerobic conditions and the expression of type 1 fimbriae in relation to the growth phases. the cultivation was carried out in a portable microbe enrichment unit (pmeu) where in same conditions one can grow the cells in parallel by modifying, e.g. aerobiosis only. the results obtained show that although the anaerobic metabolism is generally believed to b ...	2007	17434297
in vivo priming heterophil innate immune functions and increasing resistance to salmonella enteritidis infection in neonatal chickens by immune stimulatory cpg oligodeoxynucleotides.	oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) containing cpg dinucleotides (cpg-odn) mimic bacterial dna and stimulate the innate immune system of vertebrates. here, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal (ip) administered cpg-odn on the innate immune functions of chicken heterophils. our results demonstrated cpg-odn-dependent priming of chicken heterophil degranulation and oxidative burst. heterophils from chickens treated with cpg-odn exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) degranulation activity compar ...	2007	17434210
persistent shedding of salmonella enteritidis from the udder of a cow.	salmonella enteritidis phagetype 8 was isolated from ill humans, milk-line filters, milk from a bulk tank, and milk from the right hind quarter of a five-year-old holstein cow on a dairy farm in southern alberta. the affected animal was removed from the herd and continued to shed s. enteritidis from this quarter during a seven-month interval in an isolation facility. milk from the affected quarter was visually normal, and no other pathogen was isolated from the udder during the investigation. af ...	1991	17423915
alberta. salmonella enteritidis from the udder of a cow.		1989	17423447
[comparison of multilocus sequence typing system and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in typing of salmonella enteritidis].	to compare the discriminatory ability between multilocus sequence typing system (mlst) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge).	2006	17415987
long-term colonisation-inhibition studies to protect broilers against colonisation with salmonella enteritidis, using salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 mutants.	mutants in the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (hila and sipa) and 2 (ssra) were tested for their potential to induce protection against infection by homologous virulent salmonella enteritidis challenge strain, administered 24h later, in chickens. although they colonised the internal organs to a significantly lower degree compared to the wild type strain, both a sipa and a ssra mutant persistently colonised the gut when inoculated to newly hatched chicks. after inoculation of 1-day-old chicks ...	2007	17408817
modeling non-isothermal heat inactivation of microorganisms having biphasic isothermal survival curves.	biphasic isothermal inactivation constitutes a special case of non-linear mortality kinetics. it can be modeled with a primary model that contains an 'if' statement and three temperature dependent survival parameters: the first and second logarithmic inactivation rate constants and the time of the transition from one phase to the other. the temperature dependence of the two inactivation rates of salmonella enteritidis and that of the transition time determined from published data could be descri ...	2007	17395330
eggshell penetration of various types of hens' eggs by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.	egg weight, shell thickness, number of pores, cuticle deposition, eggshell strength (dynamic stiffness and damping ratio), and the ability of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) to penetrate the eggshell were determined. penetration was assessed by filling the eggs with a selective medium that allowed viewing of salmonella growth on the inside of the shell and membrane complex. after inoculation of each shell with on average 2.71 log cfu, the eggs were stored for up to 14 days at 20 deg ...	2007	17388050
salmonella enteritidis in meat, poultry, and pasteurized egg products regulated by the u.s. food safety and inspection service, 1998 through 2003.	the u.s. food safety and inspection service (fsis) tests for salmonella in meat, poultry, and egg products through three regulatory testing programs: the pathogen reduction-hazard analysis and critical control point (pr-haccp) program, the ready-to-eat program for meat and poultry products, and the pasteurized egg products program. from 1998 through 2003, 293,938 samples collected for these testing programs were analyzed for the presence of salmonella enterica serotypes. of these samples, 12,699 ...	2007	17388045
basic characteristics of sporolactobacillus inulinus bcrc 14647 for potential probiotic properties.	the basic characteristics of the spore-forming lactic acid bacterium, sporolactobacillus inulinus bcrc 14647, was evaluated in vitro for its potential probiotic properties. assessments including acid and bile salt tolerance, adhesiveness, and antagonistic effects on pathogenic salmonella enteritidis bcrc 10744, as well as inhibition factors of spent culture supernatant (scs) and an invasion assay, were conducted using lactobacillus acidophilus bcrc 10695 and two bifidobacteria (bifidobacterium b ...	2007	17387552
experimental infection of salmonella enteritidis by the poultry red mite, dermanyssus gallinae.	dermanyssus gallinae is an important ectoparasite of laying hens in europe and it is suspected of being a vector of pathogens. we carried out an in vitro study to evaluate the role of d. gallinae as a vector of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis. two means of infecting the mite were tested: through the blood meal and after cuticular contact. mites became carriers of salmonella immediately after the infection with 29% and 53%, respectively, for oral route and cuticular conta ...	2007	17382475
identification of lactobacilli isolated from the cloaca and vagina of laying hens and characterization for potential use as probiotics to control salmonella enteritidis.	to select lactobacillus strains from laying hens for potential use as probiotic to control salmonella enteritidis infection.	2007	17381753
agfc and agfe facilitate extracellular thin aggregative fimbriae synthesis in salmonella enteritidis.	salmonella thin aggregative fimbriae (tafi; curli) are important in pathogenesis and biofilm formation; however, less is known of their structure and morphogenesis. in the salmonella agfbac tafi operon, the transcription and role of agfc have been elusive. in this study, agfbac transcripts were detected using a sensitive reverse transcriptase technique. native agfc was not detected using polyclonal antibodies generated against purified hexahistidine-tagged agfc; however, in trans expression reve ...	2007	17379722
a pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) study that suggests a major world-wide clone of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.	since human infections by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) have been increasing world-wide over the past years and epidemiological studies have implicated the consumption of meat, poultry, eggs and egg products, elucidation of the predominant subtypes for this salmonella spp. is important. in this study, 107 poultry and food isolates of salmonella enteritidis obtained from germany were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and the subtypes were comp ...	2007	17379345
inactivation of foodborne pathogens using a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma.	this study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma (oaugdp) for inactivation of foodborne pathogens and to evaluate the influence of growth temperature, ph, and culture age on their inactivation. escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, salmonella enteritidis, vibrio parahaemolyticus, yersinia enterocolitica, and shigella flexneri were evaluated. three-strain mixtures of each bacterium were inocula ...	2007	17378708