Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| influenza antiviral prescribing practices during the 2007-08 and 2008-09 influenza seasons in the setting of increased resistance to oseltamivir among circulating influenza viruses. | in december 2008, new interim guidelines on the use of influenza antiviral agents were released in response to a high prevalence of circulating oseltamivir-resistant seasonal influenza a(h1n1) and adamantane-resistant influenza a(h3n2) viruses. zanamivir, oseltamivir +/- an adamantane, or oseltamivir was recommended, depending on virus type, subtype, and local surveillance data. | 2010 | 20739002 |
| the impact of the pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus on seasonal influenza a viruses in the southern hemisphere, 2009. | data collected over winter 2009 by five world health organisation national influenza centres in the southern hemisphere were used to examine the circulation of pandemic and seasonal influenza a strains during the first pandemic wave in the southern hemisphere.there is compelling evidence that the pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 virus significantly displaced seasonal influenza a(h1n1) and, to a lesser extent, a(h3n2) viruses circulating in the southern hemisphere. complete replacement of seasonal ... | 2010 | 20738990 |
| clinical importance and impact on the households of oseltamivir-resistant seasonal a/h1n1 influenza virus in healthy children in italy. | a resistance of a/h1n1 influenza viruses to oseltamivir has recently emerged in a number of countries. however, the clinical and socioeconomic importance of this resistance has not been precisely defined. as children have the highest incidence of influenza infection and are at high risk of severe disease, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical importance and the impact on the households of oseltamivir-resistant seasonal a/h1n1 influenza virus in an otherwise healthy pediatric populat ... | 2010 | 20738882 |
| seroepidemiology of pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 virus infections in pune, india. | in india, pune was one of the badly affected cities during the influenza a (h1n1) 2009 pandemic. we undertook serosurveys among the risk groups and general population to determine the extent of pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 virus infections. | 2010 | 20738878 |
| serological characterization of guinea pigs infected with h3n2 human influenza or immunized with hemagglutinin protein. | recent and previous studies have shown that guinea pigs can be infected with, and transmit, human influenza viruses. therefore guinea pig may be a useful animal model for better understanding influenza infection and assessing vaccine strategies. to more fully characterize the model, antibody responses following either infection/re-infection with human influenza a/wyoming/03/2003 h3n2 or immunization with its homologous recombinant hemagglutinin (ha) protein were studied. | 2010 | 20735849 |
| genetic correlation between current circulating h1n1 swine and human influenza viruses. | h1n1 is the main subtype influenza a virus circulating in human and swine population, and has long been a threat to economy and public health. | 2010 | 20732830 |
| avian-origin h3n2 canine influenza a viruses in southern china. | this study reports four sporadic cases of h3n2 canine influenza in southern china, which were identified from sick dogs from may 2006 to october 2007. the evolutionary analysis showed that all eight segments of these four viruses are avian-origin and phylogenetically close to the h3n2 canine influenza viruses reported earlier in south korea. systematic surveillance is required to monitor the disease and evolutionary behavior of this virus in canine populations in china. | 2010 | 20732458 |
| glycan analysis and influenza a virus infection of primary swine respiratory epithelial cells: the importance of neuac{alpha}2-6 glycans. | to better understand influenza virus infection of pigs, we examined primary swine respiratory epithelial cells (srecs, the primary target cells of influenza viruses in vivo), as a model system. glycomic profiling of srecs by mass spectrometry revealed a diverse range of glycans terminating in sialic acid or galαgal. in terms of sialylation, α2-6 linkage was more abundant than α2-3, and neuac was more abundant than neugc. virus binding and infection experiments were conducted to determine functio ... | 2010 | 20724471 |
| synthesis, antiviral activity and cytotoxicity evaluation of schiff bases of some 2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)h-ones. | a new series of 3-(benzylideneamino)-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3h)-ones were prepared through schiff base formation of 3-amino-2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)h-one with various substituted carbonyl compounds. their chemical structures were elucidated by spectral studies. cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were evaluated against herpes simplex virus-1 (kos), herpes simplex virus-2 (g), vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus-1 tk- kos acvr, para influenza-3 virus, reovirus-1, sind ... | 2010 | 20724039 |
| [study on the antigenicity and ha1 gene characteristics of influenza a viruses during 2004-2008 year in china]. | to under stand influenza a viruses epidemic, antigenicity and genetic characteristics variation between the vaccine and circulation strains during 2004-2008 year in china. | 2009 | 20718339 |
| highly conserved cross-reactive cd4+ t-cell ha-epitopes of seasonal and the 2009 pandemic influenza viruses. | the relatively mild nature of the 2009 influenza pandemic (nh1n1) highlights the overriding importance of pre-existing immune memory. the absence of cross-reactive antibodies to nh1n1 in most individuals suggests that such attenuation may be attributed to pre-existing cellular immune responses to epitopes shared between nh1n1 virus and previously circulating strains of inter-pandemic influenza a viruses. | 2010 | 20716156 |
| [rapid detection of novel influenza a virus and seasonal influenza a (h1n1, h3n2) viruses by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp)]. | reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay we developed detects novel influenza a (h1n1) of swine origin and seasonal influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) viruses. individual primer sets targeting the ha gene for novel h1n1, h1n1, and h3n2 were newly designed to specifically detect these subtypes. no cross-reactions occurred among novel h1n1, h1n1, and h3n2, and 7 respiratory viruses-influenza b virus, influenza c virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneum ... | 2010 | 20715552 |
| the need for quadrivalent vaccine against seasonal influenza. | seasonal influenza epidemics represent a substantial public health burden, causing significant morbidity and mortality. influenza in humans can be caused by influenza type a and type b viruses, and although influenza a is responsible for the majority of seasonal influenza infections, influenza b disease is common in children and young adults, and causes seasonal epidemics every 2-4 years. influenza strains circulating during a seasonal epidemic may be influenza type a strains a/h1n1 and a/h3n2, ... | 2010 | 20713260 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an elastase-dependent live attenuated swine influenza virus vaccine administered intranasally in pigs. | influenza a virus is an important respiratory pathogen of swine that causes significant morbidity and economic impact on the swine industry. vaccination is the first choice for prevention and control of influenza infections. live attenuated influenza vaccines (laiv) are approved for use in humans and horses and their application provides broad protective immunity, however no laiv against swine influenza virus (siv) exists in the market. previously we reported that an elastase-dependent mutant si ... | 2010 | 20708697 |
| human influenza is more effective than avian influenza at antiviral suppression in airway cells. | airway epithelial cells are the initial site of infection with influenza viruses. the innate immune responses of airway epithelial cells to infection are important in limiting virus replication and spread. however, relatively little is known about the importance of this innate antiviral response to infection. avian influenza viruses are a potential source of future pandemics, therefore it is critical to examine the effectiveness of the host antiviral system to different influenza viruses. we use ... | 2010 | 20705938 |
| pb2 and hemagglutinin mutations are major determinants of host range and virulence in mouse-adapted influenza a virus. | serial mouse lung passage of a human influenza a virus, a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) (hk-wt), produced a mouse-adapted variant, ma, with nine mutations that was >10(3.8)-fold more virulent. in this study, we demonstrate that ma mutations of the pb2 (d701n) and hemagglutinin (ha) (g218w in ha1 and t156n in ha2) genes were the most adaptive genetic determinants for increased growth and virulence in the mouse model. recombinant viruses expressing each of the mutated ma genome segments on the hk-wt backb ... | 2010 | 20702632 |
| the esev pdz-binding motif of the avian influenza a virus ns1 protein protects infected cells from apoptosis by directly targeting scribble. | the ns1 protein from influenza a viruses contains a four-amino-acid sequence at its carboxyl terminus that is termed the pdz-binding motif (pbm). the ns1 pbm is predicted to bind to cellular pdz proteins and functions as a virulence determinant in infected mice. esev is the consensus pbm sequence of avian influenza viruses, while rskv is the consensus sequence of human viruses. currently circulating highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza viruses encode an ns1 protein with the esev pbm. we identified c ... | 2010 | 20702615 |
| quantitative proteomics using silac coupled to lc-ms/ms reveals changes in the nucleolar proteome in influenza a virus-infected cells. | influenza a virus (iav) is a major human pathogen whose genotypic diversity results in unpredictable pandemics and epidemics. interaction with the cell nucleus is essential to iav infection, allowing recruitment of cellular components to facilitate virus replication. viral proteins are also targeted to the nucleolus, a subnuclear structure involved in ribosomal biogenesis, rna maturation, stress response, and control of cell growth, but the functional consequences of this are unclear. we took an ... | 2010 | 20701360 |
| establishment of a multiplex rt-pcr assay to detect different lineages of swine h1 and h3 influenza a viruses. | classical swine h1n1, emerging european avian-like h1n1 and human-like h3n2 lineages are co-circulating in the swine population in china. the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay is an effective method for use in influenza surveillance. in this study, a multiplex rt-pcr method was developed for simultaneous identification of hemagglutinin (ha) genes derived from the three lineages of swine influenza viruses. three primer sets were designed and aimed specifically at ha g ... | 2010 | 20700759 |
| [in vitro efficacy of ingavirin against the pandemic influenza virus a(h1n1/09)v]. | ingavirin was shown to be efficient in inhibition of the influenza virus strains a/california/04/2009 (h1n1)v, a/california/07/2009 (h1n1)v, a/moscow/225/2009 (h1n1)v and a/moscow/226/2009 (h1n1)v, as well as the strains a/chicken/kurgan/05/2005 (h5n1) and a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) in the mdck cell culture. the hemagglutinin and cytopathic activity of the influenza virus strains decreased at entering ingavirin in vitro. | 2010 | 20695202 |
| pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 outbreak in a residential school at panchgani, maharashtra, india. | an outbreak of influenza was investigated between june 24 and july 30, 2009 in a residential school at panchgani, maharashtra, india. the objectives were to determine the aetiology, study the clinical features in the affected individuals and, important epidemiological and environmental factors. the nature of public health response and effectiveness of the control measures were also evaluated. | 2010 | 20693592 |
| prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip), 2010. | this report updates the 2009 recommendations by cdc's advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) regarding the use of influenza vaccine for the prevention and control of influenza (cdc. prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices [acip]. mmwr 2009;58[no. rr-8] and cdc. use of influenza a (h1n1) 2009 monovalent vaccine---recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices [acip], 2009. mmwr 2009;58:[no. rr-10]). ... | 2010 | 20689501 |
| inactivated split-virion seasonal influenza vaccine (fluarix): a review of its use in the prevention of seasonal influenza in adults and the elderly. | fluarix is a trivalent, inactivated, split-virion influenza vaccine containing 15 microg haemagglutinin from each of the three influenza virus strains (including an h1n1 influenza a virus subtype, an h3n2 influenza a virus subtype and an influenza b virus) that are expected to be circulating in the up-coming influenza season. fluarix is highly immunogenic in healthy adults and elderly, and exceeds the criteria that make it acceptable for licensure in various regions (including the us and europe) ... | 2010 | 20687619 |
| evaluation of the xpert flu a panel nucleic acid amplification-based point-of-care test for influenza a virus detection and pandemic h1 subtyping. | influenza antigenic point-of-care (poc) tests are too insensitive for individual reliable diagnosis of influenza virus infections without additional laboratory confirmation. molecular poc tests could be a valuable alternative. | 2010 | 20674478 |
| comparison of 10 indirect fluorescent antibodies to detect and type influenza a specimens. | management of influenza infections relies on rapid, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic techniques. influenza a (ia) strain typing has become more important since the emergence of highly pathogenic avian and novel influenza strains and the high frequency of oseltamivir resistance in circulating h1n1 isolates. | 2010 | 20670139 |
| highly sensitive and quantitative detection of the h274y oseltamivir resistance mutation in seasonal a/h1n1 influenza virus. | a c-to-t transition mutation in the neuraminidase gene from seasonal a/h1n1 causes a his-to-tyr mutation at amino acid position 275 (h274y, universal n2 numbering), conferring resistance against oseltamivir (tamiflu). this mutation was first detected in clinical samples in europe during the 2007-2008 influenza season. viruses with this mutation reached a prevalence of ∼11% by the end of the season in north american isolates tested by the cdc. we developed a highly sensitive and specific quantita ... | 2010 | 20668122 |
| experimental infection with h1n1 european swine influenza virus protects pigs from an infection with the 2009 pandemic h1n1 human influenza virus. | the recent pandemic caused by human influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009 contains ancestral gene segments from north american and eurasian swine lineages as well as from avian and human influenza lineages. the emergence of this a(h1n1) 2009 poses a potential global threat for human health and the fact that it can infect other species, like pigs, favours a possible encounter with other influenza viruses circulating in swine herds. in europe, h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 subtypes of swine influenza virus currently ... | 2010 | 20663475 |
| heterologous sh3-p85beta inhibits influenza a virus replication. | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt signalling pathway can support the replication of influenza a virus through binding of viral ns1 protein to the src homology 3 (sh3) domain of p85beta regulatory subunit of pi3k. here we investigated the effect of heterologously overexpressed sh3 on the replication of different influenza a virus subtypes/strains, and on the phosphorylation of akt in the virus-infected cells. we found that heterologous sh3 reduced replication of influenza a viruses at vary ... | 2010 | 20653952 |
| a fungal cu/zn-containing superoxide dismutase enhances the therapeutic efficacy of a plant polyphenol extract in experimental influenza virus infection. | the combined protective effect of a polyphenol-rich extract, isolated from geranium sanguineum l. (pc), and a novel naturally glycosylated cu/zn-containing superoxide dismutase, produced from the fungal strain humicula lutea 103 (hl-sod), in the experimental influenza a virus infection (eivi) in mice, induced with the virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2), was investigated. the combined application of hl-sod and pc in doses, which by themselves do not defend significantly mice in eivi, resulted in a synergi ... | 2010 | 20653246 |
| prevalence of antibodies to swine influenza viruses in humans with occupational exposure to pigs, thuringia, germany, 2008-2009. | the eurasian lineages of swine influenza viruses are different genetically from classical swine h1n1 influenza viruses and comprise avian-like h1n1 and human-like h1n2 and h3n2 subtypes. although sporadic isolation of such viruses from human specimens has been reported, the prevalence of human infections is not known. in the present study, the seroprevalence against eurasian swine influenza viruses was investigated. sera were collected in thuringia, germany, from december 2007 to april 2009. the ... | 2010 | 20648619 |
| influenza virus infections among a sample of hospital attendees in ragama, sri lanka. | this study was carried out to define the types of influenza viruses circulating among humans and to understand the seasonality of influenza virus activity. such information is essential for deciding on influenza vaccination strategy and on the appropriate time for delivering influenza vaccination, if such a vaccination policy was decided to be a priority. | 2010 | 20645542 |
| influenza in the tropics. | data on influenza in tropical countries remain scarce compared with that in temperate countries. however, the emergence of avian influenza virus (h5n1) and the 2009 pandemic represented a major stimulus for advances in knowledge about influenza in many of these countries. this review summarizes recent data on viral and epidemiologic aspects of the condition in tropical countries. | 2010 | 20644472 |
| detection of viruses via statistical gene expression analysis. | we develop a new bayesian construction of the elastic net (enet), with variational bayesian analysis. this modeling framework is motivated by analysis of gene expression data for viruses, with a focus on h3n2 and h1n1 influenza, as well as rhino virus and rsv (respiratory syncytial virus). our objective is to understand the biological pathways responsible for the host response to such viruses, with the ultimate objective of developing a clinical test to distinguish subjects infected by such viru ... | 2011 | 20643599 |
| influenza virus variation in susceptibility to inactivation by pomegranate polyphenols is determined by envelope glycoproteins. | pomegranates have high levels of polyphenols (pps) and may be a rich source of compounds with antiviral activity. we evaluated the direct anti-influenza activity of three commercially available pomegranate extracts: pomegranate juice (pj), a concentrated liquid extract (pomxl), and a 93% pp powder extract (pomxp). the acidity of pj and pomxl solutions contributed to rapid anti-influenza activity, but this was not a factor with pomxp. studies using pomxp showed that 5min treatment at room tempera ... | 2010 | 20637243 |
| assessing the viral fitness of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses in ferrets, using a competitive-mixtures model. | to determine the relative fitness of oseltamivir-resistant strains compared to susceptible wild-type viruses, we combined mathematical modeling and statistical techniques with a novel in vivo "competitive-mixtures" experimental model. ferrets were coinfected with either pure populations (100% susceptible wild-type or 100% oseltamivir-resistant mutant virus) or mixed populations of wild-type and oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses (80%:20%, 50%:50%, and 20%:80%) at equivalent infectivity tite ... | 2010 | 20631138 |
| prior infection of pigs with swine influenza viruses is a barrier to infection with avian influenza viruses. | although pigs are susceptible to avian influenza viruses (aiv) of different subtypes, the incidence of aiv infections in the field appears to be low. swine h1n1, h3n2 and h1n2 influenza viruses (siv) are enzootic worldwide and most pigs have antibodies to 1 or more siv subtypes. this study aimed to examine whether infection-immunity to h1n1 or h3n2 siv may (1) protect pigs against subsequent infections with aiv of various haemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase subtypes and/or (2) interfere with the ... | 2010 | 20627621 |
| [study of the antiviral activity of russian anti-influenza agents in cell culture and animal models]. | the study of the antiviral activity of russian anti-influenza agents in the cultured mdck cells demonstrated that arbidol and ribavirin inhibited the reproduction of various influenza a virus strains, including rimantadine- and ozeltamivir-resistant variants, as well as influenza b viruses (ic50 2-8.5 microg/ml). rimantadine at concentrations of 1-5 microg/ml completely inhibited the reproduction of reference and ozeltamivir-resistant influenza a virus strains, and it had no effect on the reprod ... | 2010 | 20608077 |
| influenza a subtyping: seasonal h1n1, h3n2, and the appearance of novel h1n1. | influenza virus subtyping has emerged as a critical tool in the diagnosis of influenza. antiviral resistance is present in the majority of seasonal h1n1 influenza a infections, with association of viral strain type and antiviral resistance. influenza a virus subtypes can be reliably distinguished by examining conserved sequences in the matrix protein gene. we describe our experience with an assay for influenza a subtyping based on matrix gene sequences. viral rna was prepared from nasopharyngeal ... | 2010 | 20595627 |
| the impact of matching vaccine strains and post-sars public health efforts on reducing influenza-associated mortality among the elderly. | public health administrators do not have effective models to predict excess influenza-associated mortality and monitor viral changes associated with it. this study evaluated the effect of matching/mismatching vaccine strains, type/subtype pattern changes in taiwan's influenza viruses, and the impact of post-sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome) public health efforts on excess influenza-associated mortalities among the elderly. a negative binomial model was developed to estimate taiwan's month ... | 2010 | 20592764 |
| production of cell culture (mdck) derived live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) in a fully disposable platform process. | the majority of influenza vaccines are manufactured using embryonated hens' eggs. the potential occurrence of a pandemic outbreak of avian influenza might reduce or even eliminate the supply of eggs, leaving the human population at risk. also, the egg-based production technology is intrinsically cumbersome and not easily scalable to provide a rapid worldwide supply of vaccine. in this communication, the production of a cell culture (madin-darby canine kidney (mdck)) derived live attenuated influ ... | 2010 | 20589670 |
| [seroprevalence of the swine influenza virus in fattening pigs in argentina in the 2002 season: evaluation by hemagglutination-inhibition and elisa tests]. | the seroprevalence of the influenza virus against h1n1 and h3n2 was determined by the hemagglutination-inhibition test (hi) and a commercial swine influenza elisa kit, in 13 argentinean swine herds. the results of within-herd and between-herd prevalence obtained by both tests were statistically correlated. the within-herd prevalence observed by the hi test varied from 38.46 to 100% against h1 and 7.69 to 100% for h3. when the within-herd prevalence was measured with the elisa test, it varied fro ... | 2010 | 20589329 |
| novel swine influenza virus reassortants in pigs, china. | during swine influenza virus surveillance in pigs in china during 2006-2009, we isolated subtypes h1n1, h1n2, and h3n2 and found novel reassortment between contemporary swine and avian panzootic viruses. these reassortment events raise concern about generation of novel viruses in pigs, which could have pandemic potential. | 2010 | 20587196 |
| estimating pathogen-specific asymptomatic ratios. | the asymptomatic ratio (the proportion of asymptomatic infected cases among the total infected cases) is an important indicator in public health. however, symptoms manifested by a case infected with a pathogen may result from infections other than the specific pathogen of interest. when a case is infected with multiple pathogens, it can be difficult to distinguish which pathogen is causing the symptoms. these conditions complicate the estimation of asymptomatic ratios. we used influenza serologi ... | 2010 | 20585253 |
| immunity to pre-1950 h1n1 influenza viruses confers cross-protection against the pandemic swine-origin 2009 a (h1n1) influenza virus. | the 2009 h1n1 influenza virus outbreak is the first pandemic of the twenty-first century. epidemiological data reveal that of all the people afflicted with h1n1 virus, <5% are over 51 y of age. interestingly, in the uninfected population, 33% of those >60 y old have pre-existing neutralizing abs against the 2009 h1n1 virus. this finding suggests that influenza strains that circulated 50-60 y ago might provide cross-protection against the swine-origin 2009 h1n1 influenza virus. to test this, we d ... | 2010 | 20585035 |
| intanza 15 microg intradermal seasonal influenza vaccine: in older adults (aged >or=60 years). | intradermal seasonal influenza vaccine delivered by a microneedle injection system (intanza) contains inactivated split virion antigens from influenza type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b strains as recommended annually by the who and the eu for the prevention of seasonal influenza. in randomized, comparator-controlled, phase iii trials in elderly volunteers, intanza 15 microg elicited a strong immune response against influenza virus. in a pivotal trial, seroprotection rates with intanza 15 microg were ... | 2010 | 20583853 |
| [phylogenetic analysis based on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes between swine influenza virus and human influenza a/h3n2 virus strains isolated in zhejiang province]. | to investigate the phylogenetic relationship between swine influenza a/h3n2 virus and the representative strains of human influenza a/h3n2 virus isolated in two epidemics in recent years through comparing the sequences within ha and na genes. | 2010 | 20575270 |
| design, assembly, and validation of a nose-only inhalation exposure system for studies of aerosolized viable influenza h5n1 virus in ferrets. | the routes by which humans acquire influenza h5n1 infections have not been fully elucidated. based on the known biology of influenza viruses, four modes of transmission are most likely in humans: aerosol transmission, ingestion of undercooked contaminated infected poultry, transmission by large droplets and self-inoculation of the nasal mucosa by contaminated hands. in preparation of a study to resolve whether h5n1 viruses are transmissible by aerosol in an animal model that is a surrogate for h ... | 2010 | 20573226 |
| induction of cross-neutralizing antibody against h5n1 virus after vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine in copd patients. | archival serum samples from elderly individuals with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) who were enrolled in a double-blind case-control study of seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy were assayed for cross-neutralizing antibody formation to avian influenza a (h5n1) virus. of 118 serum samples, 58 were collected from influenza vaccinees (mean age 68.5 y), and 60 from placebo controls (mean age 68.4 y) who received vitamin b injections. blood samples were collected before and a ... | 2010 | 20565296 |
| a phylogenetic approach to detecting reassortments in viruses with segmented genomes. | when multiple strains of viruses with segmented genomes co-infect a single cell, strains with novel genomic constellations may be created. this mutational process, called reassortment, has caused pandemics of influenza a virus in 1957 and 1968. here a phylogenetic approach to detecting reassortments, which can be used even when the phylogenetic tree constructed for all strains analyzed is unreliable, is presented. a quartet of strains is examined at a time, where a phylogenetic tree is construct ... | 2010 | 20546849 |
| comparative age distribution of influenza morbidity and mortality during seasonal influenza epidemics and the 2009 h1n1 pandemic. | several studies have shown a relatively high mortality rate among young people infected by the 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus. here we compared the age distributions of morbidity and mortality during two seasonal influenza epidemics (h1n1 and h3n2) in france and the united states with those of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic waves in the same countries. | 2010 | 20534113 |
| outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza. | the aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting clinical outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe seasonal influenza. | 2010 | 20522848 |
| inactivation and mineralization of aerosol deposited model pathogenic microorganisms over tio2 and pt/tio2. | air disinfection from bacteria and viruses by means of photocatalytic oxidation is investigated with microorganisms loaded over photocatalysts' films from aerosols. deposition method and equipment have been developed to load mycobacterium smegmatis , bacillus thuringiensis , vaccinia virus, and influenza a (h3n2) virus on slides with undoped tio(2) and platinized sulfated tio(2) (pt/tio(2)). inactivation dynamics was measured under uva irradiation and in the dark. about 90% inactivation is reach ... | 2010 | 20521809 |
| continuing evolution and interspecies transmission of influenza viruses in live bird markets in korea. | live bird markets (lbms) provide an ideal environment for the evolution and interspecies transfer of avian influenza viruses (aivs). in this study, we analyzed aivs present in lbms in korea during the winter seasons of 2006-08. sixty-five aivs that belong to four hemagglutination (ha) subtypes ofaiv (h3, h4, h6, and h9) were isolated from 644 pooled tissue or swab samples collected in lbms. most h9 subtypes of aivs were isolated from galliformes (chickens, silky fowls, pheasants, and guinea fowl ... | 2010 | 20521725 |
| survey of influenza a viruses circulating in wild birds in canada 2005 to 2007. | a multi-agency, canada-wide survey of influenza a viruses circulating in wild birds, coordinated by the canadian cooperative wildlife health centre, was begun in the summer of 2005. cloacal swab specimens collected from young-of-year ducks were screened for the presence of influenza a nucleic acids by quantitative, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr). specimens that produced positive results underwent further testing for h5 and h7 gene sequences and virus isolatio ... | 2010 | 20521675 |
| monoclonal antibody kit for identification of the novel 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus. | to develop an immunofluorescence assay for identification of the 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus, we generated a number of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) by using inactivated h1n1 2009 virus (a/california/07/2009) as the immunogen. two mabs that target two different epitopes of the 2009 h1n1 hemagglutinin (ha) were selected to make the d(3) ultra 2009 h1n1 influenza a id kit (2009 h1n1 id kit; diagnostic hybrids, inc., athens, oh), which is intended for the identification of the 2009 h1n1 virus by ind ... | 2010 | 20519459 |
| receptor specificity of influenza a h3n2 viruses isolated in mammalian cells and embryonated chicken eggs. | isolation of human subtype h3n2 influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs yields viruses with amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (ha) that often affect binding to sialic acid receptors. we used a glycan array approach to analyze the repertoire of sialylated glycans recognized by viruses from the same clinical specimen isolated in eggs or cell cultures. the binding profiles of whole virions to 85 sialoglycans on the microarray allowed the categorization of cell isolates into two gr ... | 2010 | 20519409 |
| genomic events contributing to the high prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza a/h3n2. | the prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza a/h3n2 viruses (belonging to the n-lineage), possessing an s31n mutation in the m2 protein and s193f and d225n substitutions in their ha1 subunit, has significantly increased worldwide since 2005. the aim of this study was to clarify the genomic events contributing to the evolution and continuity of the n-lineage amantadine-resistant viruses. | 2010 | 20516551 |
| antiviral drug susceptibilities of seasonal human influenza viruses in lebanon, 2008-09 season. | the emergence of antiviral drug-resistant strains of the influenza virus in addition to the rapid spread of the recent pandemic a(h1n1) 2009 virus highlight the importance of surveillance of influenza in identifying new variants as they appear. in this study, genetic characteristics and antiviral susceptibility patterns of influenza samples collected in lebanon during the 2008-09 season were investigated. forty influenza virus samples were isolated from 89 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from pati ... | 2010 | 20513088 |
| longitudinal clearance of seasonal influenza a viral rna measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients identified at a hospital emergency department. | to study influenza virus shedding during acute infection, viral load was longitudinally measured by quantitative pcr in nasal flocked swabs from patients with seasonal h3n2 influenza at a swedish emergency department, including both hospitalized patients and outpatients. influenza a was detected in 65/184 patients. sampling was repeated every 3-4 days in 45 patients, with the aim of continuing sampling until day 12 after disease onset. home visits were offered. antibodies were measured on paired ... | 2010 | 20507261 |
| establishment and characterization of a madin-darby canine kidney reporter cell line for influenza a virus assays. | influenza virus diagnosis has traditionally relied on virus isolation in chicken embryo or cell cultures. many laboratories have adopted rapid molecular methods for detection of influenza viruses and discontinued routine utilization of the relatively slow viral culture methods. we describe an influenza a virus reporter cell line that contributes to more efficient viral detection in cell culture. madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells were engineered to constitutively produce an influenza virus g ... | 2010 | 20504984 |
| critical role of airway macrophages in modulating disease severity during influenza virus infection of mice. | airway macrophages provide a first line of host defense against a range of airborne pathogens, including influenza virus. in this study, we show that influenza viruses differ markedly in their abilities to infect murine macrophages in vitro and that infection of macrophages is nonproductive and no infectious virus is released. virus strain bjx109 (h3n2) infected macrophages with high efficiency and was associated with mild disease following intranasal infection of mice. in contrast, virus strain ... | 2010 | 20504924 |
| [microarray for detecting and subtyping of circulating influenza a virus]. | we designed and characterized an oligonucleotide microarray for detecting and subtyping of circulating influenza a virus including subtypes h1n1, h1n2, h3n2, h5n1 and h9n2. | 2010 | 20499647 |
| [detection of molecular markers of amantadine resistance in swine influenza viruses by pyrosequencing]. | to evaluate the resistance against the adamantine of multi-genotype (h1n1, h3n2 and h9n2) swine influenza viruses isolated from china in recent years by pyrosequencing. | 2010 | 20499646 |
| differing symptom patterns in early pandemic vs seasonal influenza infections. | singapore is a tropical country with a temperature range of 23 degrees c to 35 degrees c and relative humidity of 48% to 100% throughout the year. influenza incidence peaks in june through july and november through january, though influenza cases can be detected throughout the year. | 2010 | 20498413 |
| in vitro system for modeling influenza a virus resistance under drug pressure. | one of the biggest challenges in the effort to treat and contain influenza a virus infections is the emergence of resistance during treatment. it is well documented that resistance to amantadine arises rapidly during the course of treatment due to mutations in the gene coding for the m2 protein. to address this problem, it is critical to develop experimental systems that can accurately model the selection of resistance under drug pressure as seen in humans. we used the hollow-fiber infection mod ... | 2010 | 20498316 |
| viral reassortment and transmission after co-infection of pigs with classical h1n1 and triple-reassortant h3n2 swine influenza viruses. | triple-reassortant swine influenza viruses circulating in north american pigs contain the internal genes derived from swine (matrix, non-structural and nucleoprotein), human [polymerase basic 1 (pb1)] and avian (polymerase acidic and pb2) influenza viruses forming a constellation of genes that is well conserved and is called the triple-reassortant internal gene (trig) cassette. in contrast, the external genes [haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na)] are less conserved, reflecting multiple re ... | 2010 | 20484565 |
| [development of single-tube multiplex real-time pcr for simultaneous detection of novel influenza a h1n1 and human seasonal influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 virus]. | in this study, we established a rapid and sensitive multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mrtrt-pcr) to simultaneously detect the novel human influenza a h1n1 virus, human seasonal influenza a h1n1 and h3n2. this assay had three pairs of primer to target the conserved regions of the ha gene for each of the ha types including novel h1n1, seasonal h1n1 and seasonal h3n2, and one pair of primer designed to detect the internal control-rnasep gene. this assay was perfor ... | 2010 | 20480637 |
| [colorimetric detection of human influenza a h1n1 virus by reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification]. | a simple, rapid and sensitive colorimetric reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method was established to detect human influenza a h1n1 virus. the method employed a set of six specially designed primers that recognized eight distinct sequences of the ha gene for amplification of nucleic acid under isothermal conditions at 65 degrees c for one and half hour. the amplification process of rt-lamp was monitored by the addition of hnb (hydroxy naphthol blue) dye prio ... | 2010 | 20480635 |
| sialic acid-mimic peptides as hemagglutinin inhibitors for anti-influenza therapy. | influenza is an infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, and each year many people suffer from this disease. hemagglutinin (ha) in the membrane of type a influenza viruses recognizes sialylglycoconjugate receptors on the host cell surface at an initial step in the infection process; consequently, ha inhibitors are considered potential candidates for antiviral drugs. we identified peptides that bind to receptor-binding sites through a multiple serial selection from phage-displayed random ... | 2010 | 20476787 |
| tracking the emergence of pandemic influenza a/h1n1/2009 and its interaction with seasonal influenza viruses in singapore. | since the emergence of the pandemic influenza a/h1n1/2009 virus in april 2009, diagnostic testing in many countries has revealed the rapid displacement and then replacement of circulating seasonal influenza viruses by this novel virus. | 2010 | 20473453 |
| [clinical trial of safety and immunogenicity of new influenza vaccine grifor in children]. | assessment of reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity after single intramuscular immunization of children with grifor vaccine. | 2010 | 20465002 |
| antigenic categorization of contemporary h3n2 swine influenza virus isolates using a high-throughput serum neutralization assay. | in vivo, neutralizing antibodies are critical for viral clearance. a high-throughput serum neutralization (htsn) assay was developed to antigenically categorize swine influenza virus (siv) isolates. uncategorized viruses were tested using a panel of antisera representing the h3n2 siv subtypes and the results expressed as a serum neutralization ratio. antisera were generated against contemporary isolates representing circulating h3n2 siv subtypes (clusters i, iii, iv). reference viruses and the c ... | 2010 | 20453207 |
| detection of pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus by multiplex reverse transcription-pcr with a gexp analyzer. | a novel application of the gexp genetic analysis system for the differential detection of pandemic influenza a h1n1 from seasonal influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 is described. the assay was evaluated using identified influenza viruses and clinical samples. the results indicate that the assay is both highly sensitive and specific for the detection of the pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus with a detection limit of 10 copies per reaction superior to that of assays in use currently. the assay is able to det ... | 2010 | 20452377 |
| first whole genome characterization of swine influenza virus subtype h3n2 in thailand. | h3n2 swine influenza viruses (siv) were first detected in asia shortly after the 1968 pandemic emerged in humans. subsequently, human h3n2 viruses have sporadically reappeared in swine. in thailand, a human-like h3n2 siv was reported in 1978 although the genetic sequence of this virus is unknown. in this study, we undertook cross sectional syndromic surveillance in pigs in four provinces in thailand. seven genetically similar h3n2 viruses were isolated. a representative, a/sw/thailand/ku5.1/04, ... | 2010 | 20447778 |
| differentiation of human influenza a viruses including the pandemic subtype h1n1/2009 by conventional multiplex pcr. | april 2009 witnessed the emergence of a novel h1n1 influenza a virus infecting the human population. currently, pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses are co-circulating in human populations. understanding the course of the emerging pandemic virus is important. it is still unknown how the novel virus co-circulates with or outcompetes seasonal viruses. sustainable and detailed influenza surveillance is required throughout the world including developing countries. in the present study, a multiple ... | 2010 | 20447424 |
| antibody response against heterogeneous circulating influenza virus strains elicited by mf59- and non-adjuvanted vaccines during seasons with good or partial matching between vaccine strain and clinical isolates. | mf59 is already known to enhance the breadth of antibody response to mismatched influenza seasonal and avian strains. however, little is known on the effect of mf59 on immunogenicity of influenza vaccines when "apparent" good matching between circulating and vaccine strains exists. to this end, we compared the immune response elicited by mf59-adjuvanted or non-adjuvanted subunit vaccine, containing a/california/7/04(h3n2) strain, against circulating viruses isolated between 2004/2005 and 2006/20 ... | 2010 | 20433807 |
| equine and canine influenza: a review of current events. | in the past decade, the pandemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 and the novel h1n1 influenza have both illustrated the potential of influenza viruses to rapidly emerge and spread widely in animals and people. since both of these viruses are zoonotic, these pandemics have been the driving force behind a renewed commitment by the medical and veterinary professions to practice one world, one health for the control of infectious diseases. the discovery in 2004 that an equine origin h3n8 ... | 2010 | 20426896 |
| [in vitro activity of ingavirin against influenza virus a (h3n2)]. | the comparative analysis of the efficacy of ingavirin and etiotropic chemotherapeutics, such as arbidol and remantadin, against the influenza virus a (h3n2) performed with the use of susceptible permanent cell cultures showed that in the used concentrations ingavirin was efficient in inhibition of the virus cytopathic activity, formation of the specific hemagglutinin and reproduction of the virus (by the accumulation). | 2009 | 20415259 |
| narcissus tazetta lectin shows strong inhibitory effects against respiratory syncytial virus, influenza a (h1n1, h3n2, h5n1) and b viruses. | a mannose-binding lectin (narcissus tazetta lectin [ntl]) with potent antiviral activity was isolated and purified from the bulbs of the chinese daffodil narcissus tazetta var. chinensis, using ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (deae)-cellulose, affinity chromatography on mannose-agarose and fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc)-gel filtration on superose 12. the purified lectin was shown to have an apparent molecular mass of 26 kda by gel filtration and 13 kda by sds-page, in ... | 2010 | 20413914 |
| direct pathogen detection from swab samples using a new high-throughput sequencing technology. | the detection of emerging infectious diseases has been a continuing concern, especially with the novel influenza a (h1n1) viral pandemic of 2009. in the present study, we validated a 'second-generation' parallel sequencing platform for viral detection in swab samples collected during recent influenza virus infections in beijing. this operation yielded millions of valid reads per sample and resulted in an almost complete spectrum of nucleotide information. importantly, novel a (h1n1) and seasonal ... | 2011 | 20412188 |
| an epidemiological modeling and data integration framework. | in this work, a cellular automaton software package for simulating different infectious diseases, storing the simulation results in a data warehouse system and analyzing the obtained results to generate prediction models as well as contingency plans, is proposed. the brisbane h3n2 flu virus, which has been spreading during the winter season 2009, was used for simulation in the federal state of tyrol, austria. | 2010 | 20411210 |
| quantifying the early immune response and adaptive immune response kinetics in mice infected with influenza a virus. | seasonal and pandemic influenza a virus (iav) continues to be a public health threat. however, we lack a detailed and quantitative understanding of the immune response kinetics to iav infection and which biological parameters most strongly influence infection outcomes. to address these issues, we use modeling approaches combined with experimental data to quantitatively investigate the innate and adaptive immune responses to primary iav infection. mathematical models were developed to describe th ... | 2010 | 20410284 |
| neuraminidase receptor binding variants of human influenza a(h3n2) viruses resulting from substitution of aspartic acid 151 in the catalytic site: a role in virus attachment? | changes in the receptor binding characteristics of human h3n2 viruses have been evident from changes in the agglutination of different red blood cells (rbcs) and the reduced growth capacity of recently isolated viruses, particularly in embryonated eggs. an additional peculiarity of viruses circulating in 2005 to 2009 has been the poor inhibition of hemagglutination by postinfection ferret antisera for many viruses isolated in mdck cells, including homologous reference viruses. this was shown not ... | 2010 | 20410266 |
| serologic survey of swine workers for exposure to h2n3 swine influenza a. | of the 16 influenza a hemagglutinin (h) subtypes, only h1, h2 and h3 viruses have been shown to cause sustained human infection. whereas h1 and h3 viruses currently circulate seasonally in humans, h2 viruses have not been identified in humans since 1968. in 2006, an h2n3 influenza virus was isolated from ill swine in the united states. | 2010 | 20409213 |
| antigenic variations of human influenza virus in shiraz, iran. | influenza virus is a major cause of human respiratory infections and responsible for pandemics and regional outbreaks around the world. this investigation aims to determine the prevalent influenza genotypes during 2005-2007 outbreaks in shiraz, the capital city of fars province, southern iran and compare the results obtained with those of previous study. | 2010 | 20404455 |
| influenza a viral loads in respiratory samples collected from patients infected with pandemic h1n1, seasonal h1n1 and h3n2 viruses. | nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa), nasal swab (ns), and throat swab (ts) are common specimens used for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections based on the detection of viral genomes, viral antigens and viral isolation. however, there is no documented data regarding the type of specimen that yields the best result of viral detection. in this study, quantitative real time rt-pcr specific for m gene was used to determine influenza a viral loads present in ns, npa and ts samples collected from patien ... | 2010 | 20403211 |
| the impact of key amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin of influenza a (h3n2) viruses on vaccine production and antibody response. | influenza h3n2 viruses have recently drifted from a/wisconsin/67/05-like to a/brisbane/10/07-like viruses. the effect of key amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (ha) protein on the replication, antigenicity and immunogenicity of cold-adapted, live attenuated vaccine strains was examined. a/brisbane/10/07 egg isolate contained a unique combination of g186 and p194 which were required for efficient virus growth in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells and embryonated chicken eggs, but t ... | 2010 | 20399830 |
| epidemiologic study of human influenza virus infection in south korea from 1999 to 2007: origin and evolution of a/fujian/411/2002-like strains. | influenza epidemics arise through the accumulation of viral genetic changes, culminating in a novel antigenic type that is able to escape host immunity. following an outbreak of the a/fujian/411/2002-like strains in asia, including china, japan, and south korea, in 2002, australia and new zealand experienced substantial outbreaks of the same strains in 2003, and subsequently worldwide outbreaks occurred in the 2003-2004 season. the emergence of a/fujian/411/2002-like strains coincided with a hig ... | 2010 | 20392920 |
| in vitro assessment of attachment pattern and replication efficiency of h5n1 influenza a viruses with altered receptor specificity. | the continuous circulation of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus has been a cause of great concern. the possibility of this virus acquiring specificity for the human influenza a virus receptor, alpha2,6-linked sialic acids (sa), and being able to transmit efficiently among humans is a constant threat to human health. different studies have described amino acid substitutions in hemagglutinin (ha) of clinical hpai h5n1 isolates or that were introduced experimentally that resul ... | 2010 | 20392847 |
| isolation of influenza a viruses from pigs in ibadan, nigeria. | the authors investigated influenza virus types in pigs in ibadan, a city in oyo state, south-western nigeria. from april to june 2008, nasal swabs were collected from pigs at three locations in ibadan. influenza a viruses (four a [h1n1], two a [h3n2] and one a [h1n1]-a [h3n2] double reactant) were isolated from 7 of the 50 apparently healthy landrace pigs tested. this study is the first documented isolation of swine influenza viruses in nigeria and it reveals that different strains of influenza ... | 2009 | 20391401 |
| a computational analysis of the antigenic properties of haemagglutinin in influenza a h3n2. | motivation: modelling antigenic shift in influenza a h3n2 can help to predict the efficiency of vaccines. the virus is known to exhibit sudden jumps in antigenic distance, and prediction of such novel strains from amino acid sequence differences remains a challenge. results: from analysis of 6624 amino acid sequences of wild-type h3, we propose updates to the frequently referenced list of 131 amino acids located at or near the five identified antibody binding regions in haemagglutinin (ha). we i ... | 2010 | 20388627 |
| mixed infections of pandemic h1n1 and seasonal h3n2 viruses in 1 outbreak. | in early september 2009, an outbreak of influenza occurred at a college campus in beijing, china, in which both pandemic h1n1 and seasonal h3n2 viruses were detected. | 2010 | 20380566 |
| long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor laninamivir octanoate (cs-8958) versus oseltamivir as treatment for children with influenza virus infection. | we conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial to compare a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor, laninamivir octanoate, with oseltamivir. eligible patients were children 9 years of age and under who had febrile influenza symptoms of no more than 36-h duration. patients were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: a group given 40 mg laninamivir (40-mg group), a group given 20 mg laninamivir (20-mg group), and an oseltamivir group. laninamivir octanoate was administered as a single inhal ... | 2010 | 20368393 |
| characterization of two low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated in hungary in 2007. | two low pathogenic (lp) avian influenza virus strains, a/mallard/hungary/19616/07 (h3n8) and a/mute swan/hungary/5973/07 (h7n7), isolated as part of the national surveillance program in hungary, were fully sequenced and characterized. the two viruses showed the closest phylogenetic relationship regarding their acidic polymerase genes. the h7n7 hungarian virus and some h5n2 influenza viruses isolated from korean pigs appeared to have their basic polymerase gene 1 from a relatively recent common a ... | 2010 | 20363081 |
| [review on the etiological property of 1968 hong kong flu virus (h3n2)]. | 2009 | 20361594 | |
| [characterization of m2 gene of h3n2 subtype swine influenza virus]. | m2 protein of influenza a virus is encoded by a spliced mrna derived from rna segment 7 and plays an important role in influenza virus replication. it is also a target molecule of anti-virus drugs. we extracted the viral genome rnas from mdck cells infected with swine influenza a virus (siv) h3n2 subtype and amplified the siv m2 gene by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using the isloated viral genome rnas as template. the amplified cdna was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vec ... | 2010 | 20353087 |
| preliminary estimates of mortality and years of life lost associated with the 2009 a/h1n1 pandemic in the us and comparison with past influenza seasons. | the on-going debate about the health burden of the 2009 influenza pandemic and discussions about the usefulness of vaccine recommendations has been hampered by an absence of directly comparable measures of mortality impact. here we set out to generate an "apples-to-apples" metric to compare pandemic and epidemic mortality. we estimated the mortality burden of the pandemic in the us using a methodology similar to that used to generate excess mortality burden for inter-pandemic influenza seasons. ... | 2010 | 20352125 |
| triple reassortant swine influenza a (h3n2) virus in waterfowl. | 2010 | 20350405 | |
| pandemic (h1n1) 2009 infection in swine herds, manitoba, canada. | in manitoba, canada, several swine herds were infected by pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus in the summer of 2009. results of several investigations concluded that outbreaks of infection with this virus are similar in duration to outbreaks of infections with swine influenza viruses a (h1n1) and a (h3n2). | 2010 | 20350394 |
| rapid selection of a transmissible multidrug-resistant influenza a/h3n2 virus in an immunocompromised host. | the overall impact of influenza virus infection in immunocompromised patients is largely unknown. antigenic drift and genetic variations during prolonged influenza infection have been demonstrated. in this report we describe a multidrug-resistant h3n2 influenza virus isolated from an immunocompromised patient after 5 days of therapy. | 2010 | 20350163 |