Publications

screening of soil actinomyectes against salmonella serovar typhi nctc 5761 and characterization of the prominent active strains.	annual incidence of infection with s. typhi is estimated to be about 17 million cases worldwide. a systematic search among actinomycete isolates from soil of iran aimed at finding active actinomycetes against the causative agent of typhoid fever, salmonella typhi was carried out during this study.	2013	25848505
biosynthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial applications of silver nanoparticles.	in the present study, the strain brevibacterium frigoritolerans dc2 was explored for the efficient and extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles. these biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, which detected the formation of silver nanoparticles in the reaction mixture and showed a maximum absorbance at 420 nm. in addition, field emission transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles. the dynamic l ...	2015	25848272
salmonella promotes virulence by repressing cellulose production.	cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on earth. in bacteria, cellulose confers protection against environmental insults and is a constituent of biofilms typically formed on abiotic surfaces. we report that, surprisingly, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium makes cellulose when inside macrophages. we determine that preventing cellulose synthesis increases virulence, whereas stimulation of cellulose synthesis inside macrophages decreases virulence. an attenuated mutant lacking the mgt ...	2015	25848006
differential innate immune responses of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes to salmonella enterica serovars dublin, typhimurium, and enteritidis.	the majority of salmonella serovars cause no clinical disease in cattle, while some are associated with severe disease. the objective of the current study was to determine the innate immune responses of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes exposed to salmonella enterica serovar dublin (bovine-specific), salmonella typhimurium (murine adapted, but zoonotic), and salmonella enteritidis (poultry host-adapted) in 3-week-old calves. all salmonella exposures increased cell surface cd14 and cd18 regardle ...	2015	25847354
effect of sulfur dioxide fumigation on survival of foodborne pathogens on table grapes under standard storage temperature.	we examined the fate of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, and salmonella enterica thompson inoculated on freshly-harvested table grapes under standard cold storage with initial and weekly sulfur dioxide (so2) fumigation. l. monocytogenes and s. enterica thompson were much more sensitive to cold temperature than e. coli o157:h7. furthermore, l. monocytogenes was highly susceptible to so2. initial fumigation with 100 or 200 ppm-hr was sufficient to eliminate this pathogen on grapes ...	2015	25846930
extracellular zinc induces phosphoethanolamine addition to pseudomonas aeruginosa lipid a via the colrs two-component system.	gram-negative bacteria survive harmful environmental stressors by modifying their outer membrane. much of this protection is afforded upon remodeling of the lipid a region of the major surface molecule lipopolysaccharide (lps). for example, the addition of cationic substituents, such as 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-ara4n) and phosphoehthanolamine (petn) at the lipid a phosphate groups, is often induced in response to specific environmental flux stabilizing the outer membrane. the work herein r ...	2015	25846400
specificity of salmonella typhimurium strain (atcc 14028) growth responses to salmonella serovar-generated spent media.	salmonella enterica is one of the most prevalent pathogens responsible for foodborne illness worldwide. numerous salmonella serovars have been associated with the consumption of a variety of products, and limiting food-borne illness due to salmonella serovars is a continuing problem for food producers and public health. the emergence and prevalence of salmonella serovars has been studied but the predominant serovars have varied somewhat over the years. the aims of this research were to compare t ...	2015	25844864
[periplasmic lysozime inhibitior plic and its role in antilysozime activity of enterobacteria].	two families of specific inhibitors of type c lysozyme (ivy and plic) secreted from the periplasmic space are known in enterobacteria. microbial capacity for distant lysozyme inactivation (antilysozyme activity) is most pronounced in the strains and species carrying homologues of the plicgene. the plic homologue localized in a -200-kbp megaplasmid of klebsiella pneumoniae was shown to differ significantly in the amino acid composition of the coded polypeptide. similar to the salmonella enterica ...	2015	25844440
identification of in vivo-induced genes during infection of chickens with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.	chickens are an important source of food worldwide and are often infected with food-poisoning serovars of salmonella enterica, frequently salmonella enteritidis (se), without exhibiting clinical signs of disease. ivi (in vivo induced) genes identified using in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat) are expressed only during bacterial infection and have the potential value of identifying epidemic strains and antigens which can form the basis for sub-unit vaccine development. we applied iviat to ...	2015	25843894
inefficient translocation of a truncated o unit by a salmonella wzx affects both o-antigen production and cell growth.	bacterial wzx flippases translocate (flip) short oligosaccharide repeat units (o units) across the inner membrane into the periplasm, which is a critical step in the assembly of many o antigens, capsules and other surface polysaccharides. there is enormous diversity in o antigens and capsules in particular, even within species. wzx proteins are similarly diverse, but it has been widely accepted that they have significant specificity only for the first sugar of an o unit. in this study, we analys ...	2015	25837817
growth inhibition of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica, and escherichia coli o157:h7 by d-tryptophan as an incompatible solute.	under osmotic stress, bacterial cells uptake compatible solutes such as glycine-betaine to maintain homeostasis. it is unknown whether incompatible solutes exist that are similar in structure to compatible solutes but have adverse physiological effects on bacterial physiology. the objective of this study was to evaluate solute incompatibility of various amino acids against bacterial growth. bacterial growth was evaluated by changes in optical density at 595 nm in peptone-yeast-glucose (pyg) brot ...	2015	25836411
effectiveness of sanitizing products on controlling selected pathogen surrogates on retail deli slicers.	the objectives of this study were (i) to assess the efficacy of quaternary ammonium chloride-based wet foam (wf) and dry foam (df) sanitizer systems (600 ppm) for reducing listeria innocua (a nonpathogenic surrogate of listeria monocytogenes) or a 100.0 μg/ml rifampin-resistant salmonella typhimurium lt2 (a nonpathogenic surrogate of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium) on niche and transfer point areas of an unwashed retail deli slicer as compared with traditional chlorine (cl(-)) treatment ...	2015	25836395
evaluation of novel micronized encapsulated essential oil-containing phosphate and lactate blends for growth inhibition of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella on poultry bologna, pork ham, and roast beef ready-to-eat deli loaves.	essential oils and their constituents are reported to possess potent antimicrobial activity, but their use in food processing is limited because of low solubility in aqueous systems and volatilization during processing. two proprietary noncommercial essential oil-containing phosphate blends were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against salmonella enterica cocktail (sc)-and listeria monocytogenes (lm)-inoculated deli meat products made from pork, poultry, or beef. four treatments were tested ...	2015	25836394
survival of salmonella on chamomile, peppermint, and green tea during storage and subsequent survival or growth following tea brewing.	the survival of salmonella on dried chamomile flowers, peppermint leaves, and green tea leaves stored under different conditions was examined. survival and growth of salmonella was also assessed after subsequent brewing using dried inoculated teas. a salmonella enterica serovar cocktail was inoculated onto different dried tea leaves or flowers to give starting populations of approximately 10 log cfu/g. the inoculum was allowed to dry (at ambient temperature for 24 h) onto the dried leaves or flo ...	2015	25836389
increased efficiency of campylobacter jejuni n-oligosaccharyltransferase pglb by structure-guided engineering.	conjugate vaccines belong to the most efficient preventive measures against life-threatening bacterial infections. functional expression of n-oligosaccharyltransferase (n-ost) pglb of campylobacter jejuni in escherichia coli enables a simplified production of glycoconjugate vaccines in prokaryotic cells. polysaccharide antigens of pathogenic bacteria can be covalently coupled to immunogenic acceptor proteins bearing engineered glycosylation sites. transfer efficiency of pglbcj is low for certain ...	2015	25833378
antimicrobial activities of active component isolated from lawsonia inermis leaves and structure-activity relationships of its analogues against food-borne bacteria.	the antimicrobial activities of lawsonia inermis leaf extract and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone analogues against food-borne bacteria. the antimicrobial activities of five fractions derived from the methanol extract of lawsonia inermis leaves were evaluated against 7 food-borne bacteria. 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was isolated by chromatographic analyses. 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone showed the strong activities against bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica, shigella sonn ...	2015	25829631
synthesis of silver nanoparticles by phoma gardeniae and in vitro evaluation of their efficacy against human disease-causing bacteria and fungi.	the authors report the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (nps) by phoma gardeniae (itcc 4554). the detection of silver np formation was done by visual observation, and uv-vis spectrophotometer analysis. further, these mycogenic silver nps were characterised by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and nanoparticle tracking and analysis system. the tem analysis revealed the formation of spherical and polydispersed nps within the range of ...	2015	25829172
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis isolates associated with a mousse cake-related outbreak of gastroenteritis in ningbo, china.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) is a major pathogen responsible for causing the largest number of sporadic cases and outbreaks of human salmonellosis worldwide. in this study, an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis involving 112 cases in ningbo, china was investigated with a combination of genotypic subtyping methods and phenotypic analysis. the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis profiles showed t ...	2015	25826691
oral administration of the salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain nal2/rif9/rtt to laying hens at day of hatch reduces shedding and caecal colonization of salmonella 4,12:i:-, the monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium.	a new monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enterica serotype 4,12:i:-, is rapidly emerging. this serotype is now considered to be among the 10 most common serovars isolated from humans in many countries in europe and in the united states. the public health risk posed by these emerging monophasic salmonella typhimurium strains is considered comparable to that of classical salmonella typhimurium strains. the serotype 4,12:i:- is frequently isolated from pigs but also poultry ar ...	2015	25825785
bistable expression of csgd in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium connects virulence to persistence.	pathogenic bacteria often need to survive in the host and the environment, and it is not well understood how cells transition between these equally challenging situations. for the human and animal pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, biofilm formation is correlated with persistence outside a host, but the connection to virulence is unknown. in this study, we analyzed multicellular-aggregate and planktonic-cell subpopulations that coexist when s. typhimurium is grown under biofilm-in ...	2015	25824832
increased ferroportin-1 expression and rapid splenic iron loss occur with anemia caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in mice.	the gram-negative intracellular bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium causes persistent systemic inflammatory disease in immunocompetent mice. following oral inoculation with s. typhimurium, mice develop a hematopathological syndrome akin to typhoid fever with splenomegaly, microcytic anemia, extramedullary erythropoiesis, and increased hemophagocytic macrophages in the bone marrow, liver, and spleen. additionally, there is marked loss of iron from the spleen, an unanticipated result ...	2015	25824831
development of colloidal gold immunochromatographic strips for detection of riemerella anatipestifer.	riemerella anatipestifer is one of the most important bacterial pathogen of ducks and causes a contagious septicemia. r. anatipestifer infection causes serositis syndromes similar to other bacterial infections in ducks, including infection by escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and pasteurella multocida. clinically differentiating r. anatipestifer infections from other bacterial pathogen infections is usually difficult. in this study, mab 1g2f10, a monoclonal antibody against r. anatipestifer ...	2015	25822983
rpos-dependent expression of osmy in salmonella enterica serovar typhi: activation under stationary phase and spi-2-inducing conditions.	osmy is a periplasmic protein with two bon domains which may attach to phospholipid membranes. previous reports showed that the expression of osmy in escherichia coli was hyperosmotically inducible and rpos dependent. but little work was done to investigate the expression and function of osmy in salmonella. here, we detected the endogenous osmy in salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) with polyclonal antibody. the results showed that the expression of osmy was also rpos dependent and was ...	2015	25820138
physiology, pathogenicity and immunogenicity of live, attenuated salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis mutants in chicks.	to construct a novel live, attenuated salmonella vaccine, the lon, cpxr and cpdb genes were deleted from a wild-type salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis-6 (sm-6) strain using the phage λ red homologous recombination system, resulting in sm-△cpxr, sm-△c/lon and sm-△c/l/cpdb. the growth curves of strain sm-△c/lon grew more rapidly than the other strains and had od 600 values higher than the other strains starting at the 4 h time point. the growth curves of strain sm-△c/l/cpdb were relatively f ...	2015	25819881
metal tolerance in emerging clinically relevant multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- clones circulating in europe.	the occurrence of acquired metal tolerance genes in emerging mdr salmonella enterica serotype 4,[5],12:i:- clones was assessed and their associated platforms and tolerance phenotype were characterised. salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- from different sources belonging to european, spanish and southern european clones were studied. screening for copper (pcoa-pcod/tcrb), silver/copper (sila-sile), mercury (mera), arsenic (arsb) and tellurite (terf) tolerance genes was performed by pcr/sequencing. cuso(4)/ag ...	2015	25816978
salmonella enterica in imported and domestic day-old turkey poults in egypt: repertoire of virulence genes and their antimicrobial resistance profiles.	globalisation and international trade facilitate the rapid spread and transmission of foodborne pathogens. this study was designed to determine the serovars, distribution of virulence genes (inva, avra, ssaq, mgtc, siid, sopb, gipa, sodc1, sope1, spvc, bcfc) and antibiotic resistance profiles in salmonellae recovered from imported and domestic day-old turkey poults in egypt. the prevalence of salmonellae in the imported poults was 4% (6/150): s. enteritidis was the most frequent isolate (1.3%; 2 ...	2014	25812224
salmonella enterica serotypes isolated from squabs reveal multidrug resistance and a distinct pathogenicity gene repertoire.	the consumption of squab (young unfledged pigeons) as part of the cuisine of many countries, together with the observation that squabs are vectors of zoonotic agents, may make them a public health risk. this study was designed to determine the serotypes, distribution of 11 virulence genes (inva, avra, ssaq, mgtc, siid, sopb, gipa, sodc1, sope1, spvc, bcfc) and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonellae recovered from squabs. six isolates were identified from among 45 (13.3%) squabs sam ...	2014	25812222
immune reaction and survivability of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella infantis after infection of primary avian macrophages.	salmonella serovars are differentially able to infect chickens. the underlying causes are not yet fully understood. aim of the present study was to elucidate the importance of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (spi-1 and -2) for the virulence of two non-host-specific, but in-vivo differently invasive, salmonella serovars in conjunction with the immune reaction of the host. primary avian splenic macrophages were inoculated with salmonella enterica sub-species enterica serovar (s.) typhimuri ...	2015	25811871
updated recommendations for the use of typhoid vaccine--advisory committee on immunization practices, united states, 2015.	these revised recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices update recommendations published in mmwr in 1994 and include updated information on the two currently available vaccines and on vaccine safety. they also include an update on the epidemiology of enteric fever in the united states, focusing on increasing drug resistance in salmonella enterica serotype typhi, the cause of typhoid fever, as well as the emergence of salmonella serotype paratyphi a, a cause of paratypho ...	2015	25811680
multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhi, gulf of guinea region, africa.	we identified 3 lineages among multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolates in the gulf of guinea region in africa during the 2000s. however, the mdr h58 haplotype, which predominates in southern asia and kenya, was not identified. mdr quinolone-susceptible isolates contained a 190-kb inchi1 pst2 plasmid or a 50-kb incn pst3 plasmid.	2015	25811307
the effective differentiation of salmonella isolates using four pcr-based typing methods.	discrimination of salmonella strains below the species level is very important to trace the source of outbreaks. to this end molecular typing methods can be successfully applied to routine analysis in nonspecialized laboratories due to their simplicity and speed. here, the discriminatory ability of four molecular typing methods was investigated in 74 salmonella enterica isolates.	2015	25809397
non-typhoidal salmonella typhimurium st313 isolates that cause bacteremia in humans stimulate less inflammasome activation than st19 isolates associated with gastroenteritis.	salmonella is an enteric pathogen that causes a range of diseases in humans. non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) serovars such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium generally cause a self-limiting gastroenteritis whereas typhoidal serovars cause a systemic disease, typhoid fever. however, s. typhimurium isolates within the multi-locus sequence type st313 have emerged in sub-saharan africa as a major cause of bacteremia in humans. the s. typhimurium st313 lineage is phylogenetically distinct from ...	2015	25808600
enteric fever and its impact on returning travellers.	enteric fever, a systemic illness, is caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi or s. enterica serovar paratyphi a, b or c. the organism is transmitted to humans by the faecal oral route and is endemic in countries with poor sanitation and lacking clean drinking water. there are around 27 million individuals infected with s. typhi worldwide annually. enteric fever is a particular problem in travellers to endemic areas, especially those visiting friends and relatives. currently, the two main va ...	2015	25808163
sublethal exposure to commercial formulations of the herbicides dicamba, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and glyphosate cause changes in antibiotic susceptibility in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	biocides, such as herbicides, are routinely tested for toxicity but not for sublethal effects on microbes. many biocides are known to induce an adaptive multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotype. this can be due to either an increase in the expression of efflux pumps, a reduced synthesis of outer membrane porins, or both. exposures of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to commercial formulations of three herbicides-dicamba (kamba), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), ...	2015	25805724
signatures of adaptation in human invasive salmonella typhimurium st313 populations from sub-saharan africa.	two lineages of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) of multi-locus sequence type st313 have been linked with the emergence of invasive salmonella disease across sub-saharan africa. the expansion of these lineages has a temporal association with the hiv pandemic and antibiotic usage. we analysed the whole genome sequence of 129 st313 isolates representative of the two lineages and found evidence of lineage-specific genome degradation, with some similarities to that observed i ...	2015	25803844
molecular detection of fastidious and common bacteria as well as plasmodium spp. in febrile and afebrile children in franceville, gabon.	malaria was considered as the main cause of fever in africa. however, with the roll back malaria initiative, the causes of fever in africa may change. this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bacteria and plasmodium spp. in febrile and afebrile (controls) children from franceville, gabon. about 793 blood samples from febrile children and 100 from controls were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) coupled with sequencing. plasmodium spp. was the microorganism most detected in febr ...	2015	25802432
activity of a bacterial cell envelope stress response is controlled by the interaction of a protein binding domain with different partners.	the bacterial phage shock protein (psp) system is a highly conserved cell envelope stress response required for virulence in yersinia enterocolitica and salmonella enterica. in non-inducing conditions the transcription factor pspf is inhibited by an interaction with pspa. in contrast, pspa associates with the cytoplasmic membrane proteins pspbc during inducing conditions. this has led to the proposal that pspbc exists in an off state, which cannot recruit pspa, or an on state, which can. however ...	2015	25802329
take the tube: remodelling of the endosomal system by intracellular salmonella enterica.	salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen residing in a unique host cell-derived membrane compartment, termed salmonella-containing vacuole or scv. by the activity of effector proteins translocated by the spi2-endoced type iii secretion system (t3ss), the biogenesis of the scv is manipulated to generate a habitat permissive for intracellular proliferation. by taking control of the host cell vesicle fusion machinery, intracellular salmonella creates an extensive interconnected s ...	2015	25802001
zno nanoparticles impose a panmetabolic toxic effect along with strong necrosis, inducing activation of the envelope stress response in salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.	in this study, we tested the antimicrobial activity of three metal nanoparticles (nps), zno, mgo, and cao nps, against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in liquid medium and on solid surfaces. out of the three tested metal nps, zno nps exhibited the most significant antimicrobial effect both in liquid medium and when embedded on solid surfaces. therefore, we focused on revealing the mechanisms of surface-associated zno biocidal activity. using the global proteome approach, we report that a ...	2015	25801570
rab antibody characterization: comparison of rab14 antibodies.	rab14 functions in the endocytic recycling pathway, having been implicated in the trafficking of the adam10 protease, glut4, and components of cell-cell junctions to the plasma membrane. it localizes predominantly to endocytic membranes with a pool also found on trans-golgi network (tgn) membranes, and is most closely related to the rab11 subfamily of gtpases. certain intracellular bacteria such as legionella pneumophila, chlamydia trachomatis, and salmonella enterica utilize rab14 to promote th ...	2015	25800840
the distribution of salmonella enterica serovars and subtypes in surface water from five agricultural regions across canada.	serovar prevalence of the zoonotic pathogen, salmonella enterica, was compared among 1624 surface water samples collected previously from five different canadian agricultural watersheds over multiple years. phagetyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and antimicrobial resistance subtyping assays were performed on serovars enteritidis, typhimurium, and heidelberg. serovars and subtypes from surface water were compared with those from animal feces, human sewage, and serovars reported to ...	2015	25799976
temperature and oxygen dependent metabolite utilization by salmonella enterica serovars derby and mbandaka.	salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen of clinical and veterinary significance, with over 2500 serovars. in previous work we compared two serovars displaying host associations inferred from isolation statistics. here, to validate genome sequence data and to expand on the role of environmental metabolite constitution in host range determination we use a phenotypic microarray approach to assess the ability of these serovars to metabolise ~500 substrates at 25°c with oxygen (aerobic conditions) ...	2015	25798944
reduction of salmonella enterica serotype poona and background microbiota on fresh-cut cantaloupe by electron beam irradiation.	the efficacy of electron beam (e-beam) irradiation processing to reduce salmonella enterica serotype poona on surfaces of fresh-cut cantaloupe, and the impact of e-beam irradiation processing on the numbers of indigenous microorganisms were determined. additionally, the d10-value for s. poona reduction on the cut cantaloupe was also determined. fresh-cut cantaloupe pieces, inoculated with s. poona to 7.8 log10 cfu/g, were exposed to 0.0, 0.7, or 1.5 kgy. surviving s. poona, lactic acid bacteria ...	2015	25796062
carbapenemase-producing salmonella enterica isolates in the uk.		2015	25795771
acquisition of iron is required for growth of salmonella spp. in tomato fruit.	salmonella remains a leading cause of bacterial food-borne disease, sickening millions each year. although outbreaks of salmonellosis have traditionally been associated with contaminated meat products, recent years have seen numerous disease cases caused by the consumption of produce. tomatoes have been specifically implicated, due to the ability of salmonella spp. to enter the tomato fruit and proliferate within, making the decontamination of the raw product impossible. to investigate the genet ...	2015	25795672
characterization of a large novel phage-like plasmid in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen and a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans. recently, we sequenced a phage-type dt108 strain (l945) and found reads with high similarity to both salmonella typhi strain ct18 plasmid phcm2 and bacteriophage ssu5. in this study, we completely sequenced the novel phage-like plasmid which was designated as pstm_φ. the presence of this phage-like plasmid was examined in a collection of 284 salmonella typhimurium isolates using pcr ...	2015	25795590
rapid real-time pcr methods to distinguish salmonella enteritidis wildtype field isolates from vaccine strains salmovac se/gallivac se and avipro salmonella vac e.	salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a major non-typhoid salmonella serovar causing human salmonellosis mainly associated with the consumption of poultry and products thereof. to reduce infections in poultry, s. enteritidis live vaccine strains avipro salmonella vac e and salmovac se/gallivac se have been licensed and used in several countries worldwide. to definitively diagnose a s. enteritidis contamination in vaccinated herds a reliable and fast method for the differentiation between va ...	2015	25794902
distinct type i and type ii toxin-antitoxin modules control salmonella lifestyle inside eukaryotic cells.	toxin-antitoxin (ta) modules contribute to the generation of non-growing cells in response to stress. these modules abound in bacterial pathogens although the bases for this profusion remain largely unknown. using the intracellular bacterial pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium as a model, here we show that a selected group of ta modules impact bacterial fitness inside eukaryotic cells. we characterized in this pathogen twenty-seven ta modules, including type i and type ii ta modules ...	2015	25792384
draft genome sequences of 33 salmonella enterica clinical and wildlife isolates from chile.	salmonella enterica causes health problem worldwide. the relationships among strains that are from the same serotype but different hosts, countries, and continents remain elusive. few genome sequences are available from s. enterica isolates from south america. therefore, we sequenced the genomes of 33 strains from diverse sources isolated in chile and determined that they were of different serotypes. these genomes will improve phylogenetic analysis of salmonella strains from chile and the rest o ...	2015	25792040
fate of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and salmonella enterica on the surface of eggs as affected by chicken feces, storage temperature, and relative humidity.	we compared the microbiological quality of chicken eggshells obtained from a traditional wholesale market and a modern supermarket. we also determined the survival and growth characteristics of naturally occurring mesophilic aerobic bacteria (mab) and artificially inoculated salmonella enterica on eggshells under various environmental conditions (presence of chicken feces, temperature [4, 12, or 25 °c], and relative humidity [rh; 43 or 85%]). the populations of mab, coliforms, and molds and yeas ...	2015	25791009
east london experience with enteric fever 2007-2012.	the clinical presentation and epidemiology for patients with enteric fever at two hospitals in east london during 2007-2012 is described with the aim to identify preventive opportunities and to reduce the cost of treatment.	2015	25790017
reduced burden of salmonella enterica in bovine subiliac lymph nodes associated with administration of a direct-fed microbial.	despite effective food safety interventions within abattoirs, salmonella enterica remains a common contaminant of raw ground beef. research has recently implicated peripheral lymph nodes (plns) as a potential route by which salmonella contaminates ground beef. this study examined the efficacy of using lactobacillus animalis (formerly designated lactobacillus acidophilus; np51) and propionibacterium freudenreichii (np24), at 10(9) cfu/head/day, as a direct-fed microbial (dfm) in feedlot cattle di ...	2015	25781340
ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium sequence type 313 from kenyan patients is associated with the blactx-m-15 gene on a novel inchi2 plasmid.	multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a major challenge to the clinical management of infections in resource-poor settings. although nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) bacteria cause predominantly enteric self-limiting illness in developed countries, nts is responsible for a huge burden of life-threatening bloodstream infections in sub-saharan africa. here, we characterized nine s. typhimurium isolates from an outbreak involving patients who initially failed to respond to ceftriaxone treatment at a refer ...	2015	25779570
a fantastic voyage for sliding bacteria.	a recent study showed that salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium exhibits sliding motility under magnesium-limited conditions. overall, bacteria that exhibit this passive surface movement described as sliding share few common traits. this discovery provides an opportunity to revisit and better characterize appendage-independent bacterial motility.	2015	25777934
molecular ruler determines needle length for the salmonella spi-1 injectisome.	the type-iii secretion (t3s) systems of bacteria are part of self-assembling nanomachines: the bacterial flagellum that enables cells to propel themselves through liquid and across hydrated surfaces, and the injectisome that delivers pathogenic effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. although the flagellum and injectisome serve different purposes, they are evolutionarily related and share many structural similarities. core features to these t3s systems are intrinsic length control mechanis ...	2015	25775540
antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidal salmonella isolates from egg layer flocks and egg shells.	this study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial resistance (amr) of salmonella spp. isolated from commercial caged layer flocks in new south wales and south australia. all salmonella isolates (n=145) were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of amr and carriage of integrons. the majority of salmonella isolates (91.72%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested in this study. limited resistance was observed to amoxicillin and ampicillin (5.51%), tetracycline (4.13%), c ...	2015	25770430
solution structure and functional studies of the highly potent equine antimicrobial peptide defa1.	defensins are small effector molecules of the innate immune system that are present in almost all organisms including plants and animals. these peptides possess antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microbes including bacteria, fungi and viruses and act as endogenous antibiotics. α-defensins are a subfamily of the defensin family and their expression is limited to specific tissues. equine defa1 is an enteric α-defensin exclusively secreted by paneth cells and shows an activity against ...	2015	25769951
acquisition of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and colistin-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport by pilgrims during hajj.	gatherings like the hajj involving many people who travel from different parts of the world represent a risk for the acquisition and dissemination of infectious diseases. in this study, acquisition of multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella spp. in 2013 hajj pilgrims from marseille, france, was investigated. in total, 267 rectal swabs were collected from 129 participants before their departure and after their return from the pilgrimage as well as during the pilgrimage from patients with diarrhoea. ...	2015	25769786
turtle-associated salmonella infections in kanagawa, japan.	in this paper, we examine 2 case reports for different reptile-related salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotypes. in case 1, a 5-year-old boy presented with gastroenteritis caused by s. enterica subspecies enterica serovar poona. the suspected source of infection was a turtle kept at the patient's home. in case 2, a 4-year-old boy presented with gastroenteritis caused by s. enterica subspecies enterica serovar abony. the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis suggested that a tortoise ...	2015	25766610
effects of transparent exopolymer particles and suspended particles on the survival of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in seawater.	the bacterium salmonella enterica can infect marine mammals and has been increasingly implicated in seafood-borne disease outbreaks in humans. despite the risk this zoonotic agent poses to animals and people, little is known regarding the environmental factors that affect its persistence in the sea. the goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of two constituents on the survival of salmonella in the marine environment: transparent exopolymer particles (tep) and suspended particles. a decay ...	2015	25764565
peritonitis as presentation of aorto-caval fistula with salmonella choleraesuis-associated abdominal aortic aneurysm.	the majority of aorto-caval fistulae occur spontaneously, either as a result of rupture of an existing atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm into the vena cava or secondary to iatrogenic injuries during peripheral angiography or surgery. aorto-caval fistula from an infected aortic aneurysm is a rare scenario, but potentially lethal.	2015	25761084
enteric pathogens of food sellers in rural gambia with incidental finding of myxobolus species (protozoa: myxozoa).	ongoing surveillance of enteric pathogens of public health significance among casual food sellers is undertaken in many resource-limited countries. we report the results of a survey in kiang west province, the gambia, and provide an exemplar methodology for such surveys in resource-limited laboratories.	2015	25758855
potential probiotic attributes of a new strain of bacillus coagulans cgmcc 9951 isolated from healthy piglet feces.	a new strain of bacillus coagulans cgmcc 9551, which has a broad range of antibacterial activities against six main pathogenic bacteria including escherichia coli o8, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis, streptococcus suis, listeria monocytogenes and pasteurella multocida, was isolated from healthy piglet feces. in adhesion assay, the isolate exhibited a stronger adhesion to pig intestinal mucus than that of b. subtilis jt143 and l. acidophilus ly24 res ...	2015	25752235
[phenotypic and molecular characteristics of salmonella enterica serotype 1,4, [5] ,12:i:--a review].	salmonella enterica serotype 1, 4, [5 ], 12: i:- ( salmonella 1, 4, [5], 12: i:-), an emerging serotype antigenically related to salmonella typhimurium (1,4, [5], 12 : i:1,2) but lacking the second phase flagellar antigen, has been frequently detected in many countries over the last 10 years. nowadays it seems to be one of the major serotypes responsible for human salmonellosis cases worldwide. in addition, multidrug resistance is quite common in salmonella 1, 4, [5],12:i:-, the two major clones ...	2014	25752131
now you see me, now you don't: the interaction of salmonella with innate immune receptors.	salmonella enterica serovars are associated with an estimated 1 million deaths annually and are also useful model organisms for investigating the mechanisms of host-bacterium interactions. the insights gained from studies on non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) serovars have provided a fascinating overview of the mechanisms by which the innate immune system detects and responds to bacterial pathogens. however, specific virulence factors and changes in virulence gene regulation in s. enterica subsp. en ...	2015	25749454
salmonellae interactions with host processes.	salmonellae invasion and intracellular replication within host cells result in a range of diseases, including gastroenteritis, bacteraemia, enteric fever and focal infections. in recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that salmonellae use to alter host cell physiology; through the delivery of effector proteins with specific activities and through the modulation of defence and stress response pathways. in this review, we summarize our cu ...	2015	25749450
green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by bacillus methylotrophicus, and their antimicrobial activity.	the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) by microorganisms is an area attracting growing interest in nanobiotechnology, due to the applications of these nanoparticles in various products including cosmetics and biosensors, and in the biomedical, clinical, and bioimaging fields as well. various microorganisms have been found to be able to synthesize agnps when silver salts are supplied in the reaction system. the main objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of synthesis of a ...	2016	25749281
characterization of some potentially probiotic lactobacillus strains isolated from iranian native chickens.	the objective of the present study was to isolate, identify and characterize new lab strains with high probiotic potentials from iranian (isfahan) indigenous chickens. from 90 isolated labs, 11 isolates had high growth rate under different stress conditions, including acid (ph 2.5), bile (0.5% oxgall), salt (6-15%) and temperatures 15 and 45°c, and their aggregation time was less than 120 min. based on the molecular identification using 16s rdna sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the isolates ...	2014	25742971
detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens from individual filth flies.	there is unanimous consensus that insects are important vectors of foodborne pathogens. however, linking insects as vectors of the pathogen causing a particular foodborne illness outbreak has been challenging. this is because insects are not being aseptically collected as part of an environmental sampling program during foodborne outbreak investigations and because there is not a standardized method to detect foodborne bacteria from individual insects. to take a step towards solving this problem ...	2015	25742168
real-time duplex applications of loop-mediated amplification (lamp) by assimilating probes.	isothermal nucleic-acid amplification methods such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) are increasingly appealing alternatives to pcr for use in portable diagnostic system due to the low cost, weight, and power requirements of the instrumentation. as such, interest in developing new probes and other functionality based on the lamp reaction has been intense. here, we report on the development of duplexed lamp assays for pathogen detection using spectrally unique assimilating probes. ...	2015	25741765
mining host-pathogen protein interactions to characterize burkholderia mallei infectivity mechanisms.	burkholderia pathogenicity relies on protein virulence factors to control and promote bacterial internalization, survival, and replication within eukaryotic host cells. we recently used yeast two-hybrid (y2h) screening to identify a small set of novel burkholderia proteins that were shown to attenuate disease progression in an aerosol infection animal model using the virulent burkholderia mallei atcc 23344 strain. here, we performed an extended analysis of primarily nine b. mallei virulence fact ...	2015	25738731
a fatal case of iliopsoas abscess caused by salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis that heterogeneously formed mucoid colonies.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis, an organism highly adapted to swine, rarely causes invasive human infection. we describe a fatal case of salmonella ser. choleraesuis infection developing iliopsoas abscess. a part of organisms recovered from the blood formed mucoid colonies, which became reactive to anti-o antigen antisera after either heat treatment or subculture through semisolid agar.	2015	25737074
identification and characterization of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype albert isolates in the united states.	salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne illness in the united states. although most salmonella infections are self-limiting, antimicrobial treatment of invasive salmonellosis is critical. the primary antimicrobial treatment options include fluoroquinolones or extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and resistance to these antimicrobial drugs may complicate treatment. at present, s. enterica is composed of more than 2,600 unique serotypes, which vary greatly in geogr ...	2015	25733501
clinically and microbiologically derived azithromycin susceptibility breakpoints for salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a.	azithromycin is an effective treatment for uncomplicated infections with salmonella enterica serovar typhi and serovar paratyphi a (enteric fever), but there are no clinically validated mic and disk zone size interpretative guidelines. we studied individual patient data from three randomized controlled trials (rcts) of antimicrobial treatment in enteric fever in vietnam, with azithromycin used in one treatment arm, to determine the relationship between azithromycin treatment response and the azi ...	2015	25733500
function of nucleoid-associated proteins in chromosome structuring and transcriptional regulation.	nucleoid-associated proteins typically are abundant, low-molecular-mass polypeptides that bind dna and alter its shape and its ability to participate in transactions such as transcription. some can bind rna and influence the gene expression profile of the cell at a posttranscriptional level. they also have the potential to model and remodel the structure of the nucleoid, contributing to chromosome packaging within the cell. some nucleoid-associated proteins have been implicated in the facilitati ...	2014	25732335
interactions of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium with gut bacteria.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the gut microbiota on the growth and survival of s. typhimurium. this was tested in two-species co-cultures and in mixed cultures with a simplified gut model microbiota. subsequently, interactions between s. typhimurium and human faecal bacteria were quantified in both batch and continuous culture systems simulating the human colon. the exponential growth of s. typhimurium was halted when the population of escherichia coli reached the maximum p ...	2015	25727571
extensive genetic variability linked to is26 insertions in the fljb promoter region of atypical monophasic variants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	fifty-nine monophasic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates, collected in belgium during the period from 2008 to 2011, have been serotyped as 4,[5]:i:- and shown to harbor an fljb coding sequence. the genetic differences between these strains and phenotypically biphasic salmonella typhimurium were analyzed through pcr and dna sequencing. genetic alterations in the fljb promoter region affecting expression of the phase 2 flagellin were observed in 53 isolates. other genetic events in t ...	2015	25724958
previous physicochemical stress exposures influence subsequent resistance of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica, and listeria monocytogenes to ultraviolet-c in coconut liquid endosperm beverage.	this study investigated the influences of prior exposures to common physicochemical stresses encountered by microorganisms in food and food processing ecologies such as acidity, desiccation, and their combinations, on their subsequent susceptibility towards uv-c treatment in coconut liquid endosperm beverage. cocktails of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica, and listeria monocytogenes were separately subjected to gradually acidifying environment (final ph 4.46), exposed to abrupt desic ...	2015	25723813
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium siphophage shivani.	here, we describe the complete genome sequence of siphophage shivani, a t5-like constituent phage in the therapeutic phage cocktail intestiphage developed for bacterial gastroenteritis. shivani was isolated against a foodborne pathogen, salmonella enterica, which is one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis.	2015	25720685
complete sequences of six inca/c plasmids of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport.	multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport has been a long-standing public health concern in the united states. we present the complete sequences of six inca/c plasmids from animal-derived mdr s. newport ranging from 80.1 to 158.5 kb. they shared a genetic backbone with s. newport inca/c plasmids psn254 and pam04528.	2015	25720681
presence and correlation of some enteric indicator bacteria, diarrheagenic escherichia coli pathotypes, and salmonella serotypes in alfalfa sprouts from local retail markets in pachuca, mexico.	data on the presence of diarrheagenic escherichia coli pathotypes (deps) in alfalfa sprouts and correlations between the presence of coliform bacteria (cb), fecal coliforms (fc), e. coli, deps, and salmonella in alfalfa sprouts are not available. the presence of and correlations between cb, fc, e. coli, deps, and salmonella in alfalfa sprouts were determined. one hundred sprout samples were collected from retail markets in pachuca, hidalgo state, mexico. the presence of indicator bacteria and sa ...	2015	25719889
fate of salmonella enterica in a mixed ingredient salad containing lettuce, cheddar cheese, and cooked chicken meat.	food service and retail sectors offer consumers a variety of mixed ingredient salads that contain fresh-cut vegetables and other ingredients such as fruits, nuts, cereals, dairy products, cooked seafood, cooked meat, cured meats, or dairy products obtained from external suppliers. little is known about the behavior of enteric bacterial pathogens in mixed ingredient salads. a model system was developed to examine the fate of salmonella enterica (inoculum consisting of s. enterica serovars agona, ...	2015	25719871
resistance phenotypes and genotypes among multiple-antimicrobial-resistant salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar choleraesuis strains isolated between 2008 and 2012 from slaughter pigs in okinawa prefecture, japan.	a total of 349 salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis) strains, which were isolated between 2008 and 2012 from 349 pigs at two slaughterhouses in okinawa prefecture, japan, were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. all isolates were resistant to at least four antimicrobial agents. the antimicrobial agents for which isolates showed a high incidence of resistance were as follows: ampicillin (100%) a ...	2015	25715779
whole genome sequencing for the retrospective investigation of an outbreak of salmonella typhimurium dt 8.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt8 is uncommon within the european union. an increase in this phage type was reported in the summer of 2013 in the states of jersey.	2015	25713745
extensive amplification of gi-vii-6, a multidrug resistance genomic island of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, increases resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins.	gi-vii-6 is a chromosomally integrated multidrug resistance genomic island harbored by a specific clone of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s.typhimurium). it contains a gene encoding cmy-2 β-lactamase (bla cmy-2), and therefore contributes to extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance. to elucidate the significance of gi-vii-6 on adaptive evolution, spontaneous mutants of s. typhimurium strain l-3553 were selected on plates containing cefotaxime (ctx). the concentrations of ctx were hig ...	2015	25713569
analysis of the salmonella regulatory network suggests involvement of ssrb and h-ns in σ(e)-regulated spi-2 gene expression.	the extracytoplasmic functioning sigma factor σ(e) is known to play an essential role for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to survive and proliferate in macrophages and mice. however, its regulatory network is not well-characterized, especially during infection. here we used microarray to identify genes regulated by σ(e) in salmonella grown in three conditions: a nutrient-rich condition and two others that mimic early and late intracellular infection. we found that in each condition σ(e) ...	2015	25713562
protection against salmonella typhimurium, salmonella gallinarum, and salmonella enteritidis infection in layer chickens conferred by a live attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain.	in the present study, we investigated the protection conferred by a live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st) strain against salmonella typhimurium, salmonella gallinarum (sg), and salmonella enteritidis (se) infection in layer chickens. birds were orally primed with the attenuated st strain at 7 days of age and then boosted at 4 weeks post prime immunization (ppi). sequential monitoring of plasma igg and mucosal secretory iga (siga) levels revealed that inoculation with st in ...	2015	25713506
in-feed supplementation of trans-cinnamaldehyde reduces layer-chicken egg-borne transmission of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.	salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is a major foodborne pathogen in the united states, causing gastroenteritis in humans, primarily through consumption of contaminated eggs. chickens are the reservoir host of s. enteritidis. in layer hens, s. enteritidis colonizes the intestine and migrates to various organs, including the oviduct, leading to egg contamination. this study investigated the efficacy of in-feed supplementation with trans-cinnamaldehyde (tc), a generally recognized as safe (gra ...	2015	25710365
resistance phenotypes and genotypes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates from feed, pigs, and carcasses in brazil.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica plays a role as a foodborne pathogen worldwide. the consumption of contaminated pork has been associated with human salmonellosis and the increase in antimicrobial resistance among salmonella from pigs and pork products is a concern. a total of 225 salmonella isolates from feed mills, the lairage environment, and the intestinal contents of pigs and carcasses were investigated for their antimicrobial susceptibility. a mic for ciprofloxacin was screened by agar ...	2015	25710159
survival of salmonella enterica serovar infantis on and within stored table eggs.	contaminated table eggs are considered a primary source of foodborne salmonellosis globally. recently, a single clone of salmonella enterica serovar infantis emerged in israel and became the predominant serovar isolated in poultry. this clone is currently the most prevalent strain in poultry and is the leading cause of salmonellosis in humans. because little is known regarding the potential transmission of this strain from contaminated eggs to humans, the objective of this study was to evaluate ...	2015	25710143
effect of rapid product desiccation or hydration on thermal resistance of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt 30 in wheat flour.	salmonella is able to survive in low-moisture environments and is known to be more heat resistant as product water activity (aw) decreases. however, it is unknown how rapidly the resistance changes if product aw is altered rapidly, as can occur in certain processes. therefore, the objective was to determine the effect of rapid product desiccation or hydration on salmonella thermal resistance. two dynamic moisture treatments were compared with two static moisture treatments to determine the effec ...	2015	25710142
inferring bacteriophage infection strategies from genome sequence: analysis of bacteriophage 7-11 and related phages.	analyzing regulation of bacteriophage gene expression historically lead to establishing major paradigms of molecular biology, and may provide important medical applications in the future. temporal regulation of bacteriophage transcription is commonly analyzed through a labor-intensive combination of biochemical and bioinformatic approaches and macroarray measurements. we here investigate to what extent one can understand gene expression strategies of lytic phages, by directly analyzing their gen ...	2015	25708710
[demonstration of β-1,2 mannan structures expressed on the cell wall of candida albicans yeast form but not on the hyphal form by using monoclonal antibodies].	candida albicans is a polymorphic fungus that may be observed as both commensal and opportunistic pathogen in humans. as one of the major components of candida cell wall structure, mannan plays an important role in the fungus-host cell interaction and in virulence. the ability to switch from yeast to hypha form of microorganism is crutial in the development of c.albicans infections. hyphal form has different antigenic properties compared to yeast form and structural changes occur in the yeast ce ...	2015	25706732
(aminophosphane)gold(i) and silver(i) complexes as antibacterial agents.	this manuscript describes the synthesis of new au(i) and ag(i) complexes with aminophosphane ligands and a study of their antibacterial activity against gram-negative salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli and gram-positive listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus. the bactericidal assays revealed the effectiveness of these compounds on paradigm gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, showing a moderate antimicrobial activity, comparable with the antibiotics of r ...	2015	25706322
the outer membrane protease pgte of salmonella enterica interferes with the alternative complement pathway by cleaving factors b and h.	the virulence factor pgte is an outer membrane protease (omptin) of the zoonotic pathogen salmonella enterica that causes diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to severe enteric fever. it is surface exposed in bacteria that have a short-chain, i.e., rough lps, as observed e.g., in bacteria residing inside macrophages or just emerging from them. we investigated whether pgte cleaves the complement factors b (b) and h (h), key proteins controlling formation and inactivation of the complement protei ...	2015	25705210
'one health' investigation: outbreak of human salmonella braenderup infections traced to a mail-order hatchery - united states, 2012-2013.	human salmonellosis linked to contact with live poultry is an increasing public health concern. in 2012, eight unrelated outbreaks of human salmonellosis linked to live poultry contact resulted in 517 illnesses. in july 2012, pulsenet, a national molecular surveillance network, reported a multistate cluster of a rare strain of salmonella braenderup infections which we investigated. we defined a case as infection with the outbreak strain, determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, with illne ...	2015	25703600
molecular detection of the index case of a subclinical salmonella kentucky epidemic on a dairy farm.	salmonella enterica commonly colonizes the intestinal tract of cattle and is a leading cause of foodborne illness. a previously described investigation into the prevalence of s. enterica on a dairy farm revealed an 8-year-long asymptomatic s. enterica epidemic caused by serotypes cerro and kentucky in the lactating herd. to investigate the source of the s. kentucky strains, the genomes of two s. kentucky isolates were sequenced; one collected prior to the epidemic (2004) and one collected during ...	2015	25703396
reappearance of salmonella serovar choleraesuis var. kunzendorf in danish pig herds.	salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis is a porcine adapted serovar which may cause serious outbreaks in pigs. here we describe outbreaks of salmonellosis due to s. choleraesuis in four danish pig farms in 2012-2013 by clinic, serology, and microbiology and compare the isolates to those of a previous outbreak in 1999-2000. the infection was in some herds associated with high mortality and a moderate to high sero-prevalence was found. in 2012-2013 the disease contributed to increased mortality ...	2015	25703158
improved in vitro assay for determining the mucin adherence of bacteria sensitive to triton x-100 treatment.	mucin-associated microbiota are in relatively close contact with the intestinal epithelium and may thus have a more pronounced effect on host health. we have previously developed a simple mucin agar assay to simulate initial mucus colonization by intestinal microbial communities. adherence of microbiota was estimated using flow cytometry after detachment with triton x-100. in this study, the effect of this detergent on the cultivability of both virulent and commensal strains was investigated. mu ...	2015	25702162
characterization of quinolone resistance in salmonella enterica serovar indiana from chickens in china.	the aim of this study was to characterize the quinolone resistance of salmonella enterica serovar indiana isolated from chickens in china. a total of 293 salmonella strains were isolated from chicken farms and slaughterhouses in shandong province of china, and 130 (44.4%) were characterized as salmonella enterica indiana (chicken farms, n=52 strains; slaughter houses, n=78 strains). all isolate serotypes were tested with the kauffmann-white classification system and examined for susceptibility t ...	2015	25701209