Publications

effects of the chernobyl accident on animal husbandry and production, from a swedish perspective.	about 20% of the swedish land area was considerably contaminated by radionuclides released by the nuclear accident at chernobyl, ukraine, in april 1986. however, less than 10% of the arable land was contaminated. the heavy contamination was closely correlated with the amount of rain received during the first days of may 1986. immediate restrictions on grazing limited the early uptake of contaminants in animal products. changes in management of animals, especially sheep, goats, and reindeer in th ...	1989	2703422
the impact of low carbohydrate consumption on glucose tolerance, insulin concentration and insulin response to glucose challenge in dogrib indians.	the nddg and the who recommend that individuals undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test (ogtt) consume a minimum of 150 gm of carbohydrate on each of three days preceding the ogtt. carbohydrate restriction affects the diagnostic accuracy of the ogtt. this is a problem for the diagnosis of diabetes among northern peoples, but may also have relevance for other amerindians. dogrib indians of the canadian nwt still rely on the traditional dietary, based on caribou-hunting and fishing. the impact o ...	1989	2671575
arctic life adaptation--ii. the function of musk ox (ovibos muschatos) hemoglobin.	1. the hemoglobin system from musk ox (ovibos muschatos) has been characterized from the functional point of view with special regard to the effect of organic phosphates and temperature. 2. the results are similar to those previously obtained in the case of reindeer and confirm that hemoglobins from arctic animals may display very low enthalpy change for the reaction with oxygen. 3. this finding is considered an example of molecular adaptation of respiratory pigments to extreme environmental con ...	1989	2598629
arctic life adaptation--i. the function of reindeer hemoglobin.	1. the functional properties of hemoglobin from the reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) are characterized as a function of ph, temperature and organic phosphate concentration. 2. alongside overall similarities shared with most vertebrate hemoglobins, hemoglobin from the reindeer shows significant differences with respect to the effect of both organic phosphates and chloride anions. 3. the limited effect of temperature on oxygen binding (delta h = -4 kcal/mol o2) could be regarded as an inte ...	1989	2598627
the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. v. the status of subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in great britain.	twenty-five years ago williams and sweatman suggested that in great britain there are two subspecies of echinococcus granulosus--e. granulosus granulosus and e. granulosus equinus. echinococcus granulosus granulosus does not mature either in foxes or in horses: e. granulosus equinus will mature in either. the prepatent period of e. granulosus granulosus in the definitive host is about 42 days while that of e. granulosus equinus is about 70 days. each subspecies has a characteristic morphology. m ...	1989	2596902
variation in cadmium content of caribou tissues from northern québec.	samples of kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, heart, mesentery and rumen wall were collected during 1985-1986 in northern québec from 121 caribou belonging to the rivière george herd. significant seasonal variations were found for cadmium concentration in kidneys, liver and skeletal muscles, the level being higher in winter than in autumn. the concentration in liver and kidneys increased with age, while the effect of this factor was complex in skeletal muscles. sex-related differences were found in ...	1989	2569761
brucellosis in an inuit child, probably related to caribou meat consumption.	a 9-year-old inuit boy with brucellosis is presented. the most likely source of his infection was contaminated caribou meat. brucella suis is enzootic in canadian caribou herds and this case indicates that natives of the arctic are a risk group for acquiring brucellosis through the ingestion of raw caribou meat.	1989	2569231
evaluation of xylazine hydrochloride as the sole immobilizing agent in moose and caribou--and its subsequent reversal with idazoxan.	xylazine hydrochloride was used as the sole immobilizing agent in moose and caribou. the animals were free-ranging and immobilization was accomplished from a helicopter using powered darts. following a period of immobilization during which radiotelemetry collars were fitted, the animals were revived using idazoxan (rx 781094) or its methoxy analogue rx 821002. xylazine was administered at dose rates of approximately 3.0 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg to the moose and caribou, respectively. moose received 4 ...	1989	2563404
can zeolites decrease the uptake and accelerate the excretion of radio-caesium in ruminants?	the zeolite group of minerals has been suggested as a means of decreasing the uptake of radio-caesium by humans and domestic animals, and also to accelerate the excretion of radio-caesium which has already been absorbed. artificial mordenite, one of the zeolites being considered for this purpose, was dispersed in liquid paraffin and administered to goats and lambs fed radio-caesium-contaminated hay. faeces and urine were collected separately and analyzed by gamma spectrometry on each day of the ...	1989	2538920
[the assessment of the epidemiologic situation of echinococcosis in the nenets autonomous okrug based on data from a dynamic serologic examination of the population].	paper presents the riha and eia data of an annual 3-year survey of populations of two reindeer breeders' settlements in the nenets autonomous okrug of arkhangelsk province with the use of intact echinococcus antigen (riha) and fractions of echinococcus multilocularis antigens (eia). in 1984-1986, seropositivity has been established by 2 immunoassays for 98 (21.6 +/- 1.9%) out of 454 apparently healthy subjects. the annual echinococcus invasion rate in population varied within 2.8-3.7%, as estima ...	1989	2534151
[echinococcosis in the nenets autonomous okrug].	the paper presents results of an immunological screening of the population from the nenets autonomous okrug of the arkhangelsk region for echinococcosis. a high level (8.4 +/- 1.0%) of seropositivity of the population has been found to echinococcus antigens. occupational groups, such as reindeer-breeders, domestic servants in the tent of skins, hunters, fur-farmers, furriers) have been identified to be mostly at high risk for echinococcus infection. some animal species have been demonstrated to ...	1989	2533318
bone metabolism during antler growth in female reindeer.	two female reindeer (rangifer tarandus) were investigated for alterations in skeletal metabolism during the annual antler growth cycle. during july and january, rib samples were obtained by biopsy after double tetracycline labeling for gravimetric, chemical, and histomorphometric analyses. though antler length increased from 8 to 55 cm between april and september, body weight increased from only 56 to 77 kg. rib bone density (g/cm3) increased from 1.39 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- sem) in july to 1.53 +/- ...	1989	2509019
pneumocystis carinii delanoë & delanoë, 1912 found in lungs of freeliving animals in denmark at autopsy.	stained imprints made from autopsy lung biopsies from hares, foxes, badgers, stone martens, one hedgehog, roe deer from denmark and from caribou from greenland were examined microscopically for pneumocystis carinii. pneumocysts were found in the lungs of 3 out of 28 hares, 3 out of 18 foxes and 1 out of 6 roe deer. this is the first report of pneumocystis carinii in hares, foxes, and roe deer in denmark. it seems to be the first report of pneumocystis carinii in roe deer.	1986	2422628
plasma progesterone in reindeer in relation to ovariectomy and hysterectomy.	four semi-domesticated reindeer were ovariectomized and 3 both ovariectomized and hysterectomized, 30-70 days before expected parturition. anaesthesia with etorphine/propyonylphenthiazine was followed by an increase in the plasma concentration of progesterone of peripheral blood. the concentration of progesterone returned to pre-anaesthetic values before ovariectomy. ovariectomy did not result in any substantial change in the plasma progesterone concentration within an observation period of 35-1 ...	1990	2399871
comparative studies on megatrypanum trypanosomes from cervids.	trypanosomes were isolated by culture from 2 out of 50 blood samples collected from reindeer (rangifer tarandus l.) in northern sweden and from a blood sample from a moose (alces alces) from southern sweden. the parasites were indistinguishable morphologically from other trypanosomes reported from cervids, both as epimastigotes in axenic culture at 27 degrees c and as bloodstream-like trypomastigotes cultured on mammalian fibroblasts at 37 degrees c. surface carbohydrate and isoenzyme comparison ...	1990	2382100
fungi: a major source of radiocesium contamination of grazing ruminants in norway.	transfer of radiocesium from vegetation to milk was studied in dairy goats grazing heavily contaminated mountain pasture in southern norway in the years following the chernobyl accident. radiocesium activity in milk and green vegetation remained stable throughout 1986 and 1987. in 1988, a sudden three- to fivefold increase in milk radioactivity occurred during the second half of the summer. whole-body content of radioactivity in sheep and reindeer also increased rapidly. this coincided with an a ...	1990	2370143
ossification of the antler in the lapland reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus).	a histological and histochemical study of biopsy specimens from the lapland reindeer antler indicated that the intercellular matrix of the cartilage that forms the partitions of longitudinal channels becomes calcified at virtually the initial stage of formation. the lacunae at the peripheries of the cartilaginous partitions are invaded by osteoblasts in a process comparable to endochondral ossification. the very centres of the partitions evidently become directly converted into bone without the ...	1990	2368591
respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among finnish reindeer herders.	prevalence of respiratory symptoms in relation to occupation and smoking habits were evaluated in 211 randomly selected male reindeer herders in northern finland. clinical examination with skin prick tests (spt) and spirometry was conducted in 23 local health centers. no significant differences could be determined in respiratory symptoms, smoking habits or ventilatory function between full-time reindeer herders and their controls. positive spt reactions to common allergens in reindeer herders we ...	1990	2350379
[blood-sucking biting midges (ceratopogonidae) in north central siberia].	6000 adult punkies were collected from man and animals over a period of 15 years in the taimyr and evenki autonomous okrugs of krasnoyarsk territory. four species culicoides chiopterus, c. pulicaris, c. fascipennis, c. alatavicus are reported from tundra and forest-tundra of taimyr (68 degrees 00'-73 degrees 13' n). punkies of the above species are small in number and do not occur all over the region. in northern and middle taiga of evenkia (60 degrees 20'-65 degrees 45' n) punkies are very abun ...	1990	2349002
[polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens of spotted reindeer in primorski krai and prospects for its use in selection].	first attempt to study polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens of spotted reindeer cervus (cervus) nippon temminck, 1838 blood was made. with the aid of a set of monospecific antisera against blood groups of cattle and pigs, natural antisera of spotted reindeer, iso- and heteroimmune antisera against factors of erythrocytes of spotted reindeer, antigenic picture of blood in cattle of five primorsk region farms was revealed. indeces of genetic similarity between populations studied have been calcula ...	1990	2344955
oxygen transport in the blood of arctic mammals: adaptation to local heterothermia.	the oxygen binding of whole blood from humans and two arctic mammals, reindeer and muskox, has been studied as a function of carbon dioxide and temperature. all bloods display a marked bohr effect with bohr coefficients in the range -0.44- -0.73. the bohr effect is more pronounced at 20 degrees c. the temperature sensitivity of reindeer and muskox blood expressed by the apparent heat of oxygenation, delta h, is almost three times lower than that of human hba under the same experimental condition ...	1990	2335593
haematology of clinically normal and sick captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus).	a retrospective analysis of haematological values from clinically normal captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus) showed that the red cell count, haemoglobin level, packed cell volume and lymphocyte count were higher and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and eosinophil count were lower in juveniles than in adults. newborn animals were anaemic compared with juveniles and adults and had high reticulocyte counts. the values from healthy reindeer were used to identify abnormal haematological variations ...	1990	2321339
perceptions of risk, dilemmas of policy: nuclear fallout in swedish lapland.	this paper concerns risk perceptions of swedish saami reindeer herders in conjunction with the chernobyl nuclear disaster. focus is also placed upon their experiences of damage and their efforts to deal with these problems. data relating to these social aspects of the chernobyl event come from interviews with members of saami herding families. the initial governmental policy of establishing a simple contamination limit for the marketability of all foodstuffs was beset with shortcomings. i propos ...	1990	2315742
[health protection after the chernobyl accident. the relation of costs and reduction of radioactive dosage level].	this article describes the nutritional measures introduced to protect health after the chernobyl accident, and the associated costs. the total value of the reindeer meat, mutton, lamb and goat meat saved as a result of such measures in 1987 amounted to approx. nok 250 million. the measures cost approx. nok 60 million. the resulting reduction in the radiation dose level to which the population was exposed was 450 mansv. in 1988, mutton/lamb and goat meat valued at approx. nok 310 million was save ...	1990	2309188
[dictyocaulus species, lungworms in cattle and deer in the netherlands].	using recent descriptions of dictyocaulus species, all samples of lungworms in cattle were identified as d. viviparus, and all samples from roe deer, red deer and reindeer being identified as d. eckerti by the present authors. although cross infections between cattle and cervids are reported in the literature, these are not readily established. because of the different species and the small likelihood of cross infections cattle and cervids are not regarded as serious sources of lungworm infectio ...	1990	2305391
[the hygienic training of female chum (sovkhoz) workers in northern reindeer breeding].		1990	2286275
thermodynamics of oxygen binding to arctic hemoglobins. the case of reindeer.	the most surprising characteristic of reindeer hemoglobin (hb) concerns its response to changes in temperature. thus, the shape of the oxygen-binding curve is strongly temperature dependent due to the difference in the enthalpy of oxygenation between the t and r state of the molecule. in fact, delta h of oxygen binding to the t state is strongly exothermic whereas that of the r state is very close to zero or possibly positive after correction for the heat of oxygen solubilization. moreover, the ...	1990	2285789
cancer risks in swedish lapps who breed reindeer.	cancer risks during the period 1961-1984 were studied in a cohort of 2,034 swedish reindeer-breeding lapps, a unique group whose culture and life-style differ considerably from those in the rest of the swedish population. a total of 100 cases of cancer were observed versus 163 expected. statistically significantly decreased risks were found for cancers of the colon, respiratory organs, female breast, male genital organs, and kidneys, and for malignant lymphomas. the stomach was the only site wit ...	1990	2260539
the mechanical properties of the dentine and cement of the tusk of the narwhal monodon monoceros compared with those of other mineralized tissues.	values for young's modulus of elasticity, ultimate and yield stresses, ultimate and yield strains, work under the stress-strain curve and work of fracture were obtained from tensile and bending tests on specimens of narwhal tusk dentine and cement, femoral bone from young and mature cattle, and reindeer antler. compared with the cattle bone the narwhal tissues had low young's moduli, low yield stresses, rather low ultimate stresses and high ultimate strains. in all these properties they were sim ...	1990	2256815
[assessment of individual eye protection devices based on their effect on the frequency-contrast characteristics of the visual analyzer].	assessment of means for individual eye protection by the method of visocontrastometry, allows, already at the stage of projecting, to determine the correctness of selecting vision glasses by conditions of visual work. investigations of 3 kinds of goggles: for reindeer breeders of far north (2 variants), for mechanics and for protection from pesticides have shown that by their influence on frequency-contrast characteristic all they comply with physiologic hygienic demands. the value of the used m ...	1990	2255482
interaction of hemoglobin with chloride and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. a comparative approach.	the equilibrium oxygen-binding properties of hemoglobins from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus), musk ox (ovibos muschatos) and a bat (rousettus aegyptiacus) have been investigated with special reference to the effect of heterotrophic ligands such as chloride and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate [gri(2,3)p2]. the results obtained with hemoglobins from reindeer and musk ox indicate that their low oxygen affinity and their insensitivity to gri(2,3)p2 are not only an intrinsic property of the molecule, ...	1990	2253624
[gametic disequilibrium in populations of reindeer chukchi and asian eskimos].	ten local populations of reindeer chukchi and four local populations of asiatic eskimos were surveyed for variation of nine polymorphic loci (mn, ss, cc, ee, duffy, acp, pgm1, hp, g3m). pairwise linkage disequilibria were estimated from multilocus genotype frequencies using the hill's method. large amounts of linkage disequilibrium were found for the two pairs of linked genes mnss and ccee. the same pattern of non-random association between unlinked loci pgm1 and acp was found in all subpopulati ...	1990	2227393
genetic study of the evens, an ancient human population of eastern siberia.	three territorial subgroups of reindeer breeders, fishermen, and fur hunters living under conditions of partial isolation in remote parts of the yakut assr, have been investigated with respect to polymorphic genetic systems. analysis of covariance matrices containing allele frequencies in an array of 12 loci for a large sample of evens, nganasans, and reindeer chukchi indicates that the genetic relationships support known phylogenetic, linguistic, and historical events.	1990	2210713
[helminthic zoonoses in the far north of the ussr].		1990	2198449
preliminary evaluation of four immunological tests for the early diagnosis of hypoderma tarandi causing hypodermosis in reindeer.	294 serum samples from five norwegian reindeer herds were examined for antibodies against hypoderma tarandi l. the first and second larval instars of h. tarandi were tested as antigens in immunodiffusion tests, passive haemagglutination and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the latter technique, using first instar antigens, produced the best results. a significant difference (p less than 0.1%) was observed between the antibody value of naive reindeer bred in france and those from inf ...	1990	2132994
lack of correlation between ammonia-like taint and polyamine levels in reindeer meat.		1990	2089778
development of uncoupling protein in adipose tissues of reindeer.		1990	2088912
[genetic and ecological study of aboriginal inhabitants of the siberian northeast. iv. genotype and genetic structure of three modern populations of yakutia].	three separate and reproductively isolated populations living at present in boreal forest and tundra area in eastern siberia were studied. blood groups (ab0, mnss, rhesus, duffy, p. diego), immunoglobulin allotypes--g1m (z, a, x, f), g3m (b, b0, b1, b3, s, t), hp, tf, pgm1, acp, 6-pgd were tested in blood samples obtained from total 570 individuals. analysis of covariance and variance matrices containing gene frequencies of the nganasans, reindeer chukchi, the yugaghir and the evens has revealed ...	1990	2079208
brown fat-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein in adipose tissues of newborn reindeer.	reindeer inhabit a severe arctic or subarctic environment, with the young born in early spring under adverse weather conditions. the extreme northern climate imposes a major thermal challenge to the newborn, and in the present study we have examined fetal, neonatal, and young (from 2 wk before birth to 16 mo postpartum) semidomesticated reindeer from northern finland for the presence of thermogenic brown adipose tissue. adipose tissues were removed, mitochondria were prepared, and the proteins w ...	1991	2058749
medical services to the nomadic reindeer herders. bilibino district.		1991	2053681
ophthalmomyiasis caused by the reindeer warble fly larva.	two boys with ophthalmomyiasis caused by the first instar larva of the reindeer warble fly hypoderma tarandi are reported. both were 9 years old and came from the coast of northern norway. one had ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior and one eye had been removed because of progressive pain and blindness. histological examination showed the remains of a fly larva. the second boy had ophthalmomyiasis externa with a tumour in the upper eyelid, and histological examination showed a warble with a well ...	1991	2030144
mortality among swedish reindeer breeding lapps in 1961-85.	we analyzed the mortality pattern among swedish reindeer breeding lapps, a unique group with a carefully preserved culture and a lifestyle that differs considerably from that of the rest of the population. the cohort consisted of 2,034 lapps who were recorded in the 1960 population and housing census as members of a household where someone were occupied in reindeer breeding. the cohort was followed-up in the swedish cause-of-death register from january 1, 1961 until death or december 31, 1985. t ...	1991	2021395
an imported case of ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior in the netherlands caused by a larva of the reindeer warble fly.		1991	2010651
high radiocesium levels in granite outcrop vegetation and reductions through time.	levels of fallout radiocesium in vegetation were examined on three granite outcrops and a forested area in the georgia piedmont during 1976-1980. mean values averaged 4.3 times higher in three species collected on an outcrop than in the same species collected on clay soils in a nearby pine-hardwood forest. levels in reindeer moss (cladonia spp.) were significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in species that formed deep, entangled tufts with abundant, slender branches. cesium levels decreased by as ...	1991	2001949
the primary structure of hemoglobin from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and its functional implications.	the primary structures of alpha- and beta-chains of hemoglobin from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) were determined. comparison of the reindeer hemoglobin sequence with those of human and bovine hemoglobins showed 50 and 29 substitutions per alpha beta dimer, respectively. the influence of replacements on the modulation of hemoglobin oxygen affinity by heterothopic ligands and temperature, as well as their importance on the structure-function relationships in hemoglobin are discussed.	1991	1998722
immobilization of norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and svalbard reindeer (r. t. platyrhynchus) with medetomidine and medetomidine-ketamine and reversal of immobilization with atipamezole.	the sedative action of medetomidine (-ketamine) was studied in 12 captive norwegian semidomesticated reindeer (nr), including 4 newborn calves, and in 7 free-living svalbard reindeer (sr). medetomidine, with or without ketamine, caused effective, reliable immobilization in nr. doses of 50-200 micrograms/kg medetomidine alone or 30-125 micrograms/kg medetomidine combined with greater than or equal to 300 micrograms/kg ketamine induced complete immobilization, good muscle relaxation and persistent ...	1990	1983084
dermacentor albipictus (acari, ixodidae) on captive reindeer and free-ranging woodland caribou.	infestations of winter ticks (dermacentor albipictus) on two captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) are reported and may be associated with increased grooming and alopecia. over 400,000 ticks were recovered from one reindeer. few ticks (less than 25 ticks/animal) were found on three free-ranging woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou).	1990	1974936
an epizootic of besnoitiosis in captive caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus).	besnoitia sp. was diagnosed in two caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) which died of pneumonia at the assiniboine park zoo (winnipeg, manitoba, canada) in 1983. during the following 3 yr besnoitiosis spread to an isolated herd of caribou, to mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and to reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). reduction of exposure to biting insects appears to have reduced the transmission of besnoitiosis within the reindeer herd. the morbidity rate was approximately 82% in cari ...	1990	1971029
an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in northern québec.	an ongoing screening program for toxoplasmosis identified a cluster of four women from northern québec who, over a 4-month period, seroconverted during their pregnancy. an epidemiologic investigation was carried out in an attempt to identify the source of this infection. all potential risk factors were assessed by a questionnaire administered to 22 inuit women who had delivered babies in the previous year. seroconversion was significantly associated with skinning of animals for fur (p = .015) an ...	1990	1969458
high serum selenium concentrations in reindeer breeding lappish men.	this study investigated the relationship of serum selenium to its dietary sources in a group of lappish men and a control population. lappish men had higher serum selenium concentrations than non-lappish men (1.79 vs 1.58 mumol/1; p = 0.003). serum selenium correlated positively with consumption of reindeer meat, age and cholesterol. in linear regression models, however, being lappish was the most significant predictor of high serum selenium. lappish men ate more reindeer meat (p = 0.001) and le ...	1991	1883416
photoperiod associated changes in insulin-like growth factor-i in reindeer.	insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) concentrations were measured in the plasma of reindeer calves exposed to a manipulated photoperiod, indoors, of either 16 h light followed by 8 h dark each day (16l:8d) (n = 3) or 8l:16d (n = 3) from about the autumnal to the vernal equinox, to determine whether the seasonal growth spurt normally seen in spring is associated with a photoperiod-induced rise in igf-i. a high quality concentrate diet was available ad libitum, and individual food intake was recor ...	1991	1855465
hearing asymmetry among occupationally noise-exposed men and women under 60 years of age.	interaural asymmetry of hearing thresholds at 4 khz was analysed in four populations exposed to occupational noise. the left ear was found to be on average significantly worse than the right ear, among both the male and female subjects. in the male population the left ear was twice as often the worse ear as the right one. in the female population the corresponding ratio was 1.5. the average inferiority of the left ear increased as a function of the hearing threshold level. among subjects with ab ...	1991	1842293
prevalence of low back pain and other musculoskeletal symptoms and their association with work in finnish reindeer herders.	the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was determined in a population-based sample of 2720 male reindeer herders in finland by postal questionnaires sent out in 1986 and 1988. sixty per cent reported back pain, 32% sciatica, 51% neck-shoulder pain, and 49% pain, aching or tenderness in at least one joint during the past 12 months. the neck-shoulder and joint symptoms increased with the annual amount of reindeer herding work done in persons below 50 years of age. the association of back pain ...	1991	1837613
chromosome aberrations in norwegian reindeer calves exposed to fallout from the chernobyl accident.	chromosome aberrations were analysed in 1222 peripheral blood lymphocytes from 24 reindeer, rangifer tarandus l., calves from central norway, where considerable fallout from chernobyl accident had occurred, and in 1532 lymphocytes from 26 calves from three different districts in northern norway which were not affected by fallout from the accident. three dicentrics, two rings, and three translocations were detected in calves from the exposed area, while no dicentrics, nor rings and only one trans ...	1991	1816165
frostbite in reindeer herders.	the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of frostbite among reindeer herders and to clarify the co-factors that may relate to these injuries. 2081 (60%) male reindeer herders in finland were asked information on frostbite. logistic regression analysis was used for studying the effect of potential co-factors. 453 men (22% of the respondents) reported frostbites during the last twelve months, the areas most affected being the face, fingers and toes. the amount of time spent in snowmob ...	1991	1811588
cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis in sheep in northern norway.	pathologic examination of four sheep from northern norway exhibiting neurologic signs of paresis, paralysis and vestibular system disease revealed nematodes in the central nervous system (cns). the worms were identified as elaphostrongylus rangiferi mitskevich, 1960, the elaphostrongylid nematode of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). microscopic lesions found in the cns were focal traumatic encephalomyelomalacia caused by migrating worms, eosinophilic meningitis and choroiditis, lymphohistio ...	1991	1796689
cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis in dairy goats in northern norway.	ten carcasses and three vertebral columns from north norwegian dairy goats, which had been killed due to clinical signs of severe neurologic disease, were received for necropsy. pathological examination revealed nematodes and nematode ova in the central nervous system (cns) of nine goats. worms found by gross examination were identified as elaphostrongylus rangiferi mitskevich, 1960. focal traumatic encephalomyelomalacia, apparently caused by migrating worms, perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic l ...	1991	1796688
specific ige to reindeer epithelium in finnish reindeer herders.	reindeer herding is a major source of living for more than 4200 inhabitants in northern finland. to determine the prevalence of allergic symptoms among reindeer herders clinical examinations and skin prick tests (spt) with nine inhalant allergens were performed in 211 randomly selected men from 21 to 69 (mean 45) years. specific ige antibodies to reindeer epithelium (re) and total serum ige were evaluated in 99 herders, five persons who handled reindeer leather indoors, 21 atopic patients with c ...	1991	1789398
swedish dioxin survey: evaluation of the h-4-ii e bioassay for screening environmental samples for dioxin-like enzyme induction.	the h-4-ii e enzyme induction bioassay was used for testing both pure reference substances and extracts of wildlife samples. polychlorinated naphthalenes were found to be as active as enzyme inducers as certain coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). also a mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (bromkal 70-5de) was shown to induce enzyme activity. in extracts of herring, containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and dibenzofurans (pcdfs), bioassay and chemically derived tcdd-eq ...	1991	1766920
survey for meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) and ear mites in white-tailed deer from northern idaho.	during the fall hunting season of 1990, 95 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) heads were collected from hunters in boundary and bonner counties in northern idaho (usa), an area currently occupied by woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou). the heads were examined for adult and larval meningeal worms (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) by physical examination of the brain surfaces, and the baermann technique, respectively, and for ear mites by examination of ear scrapings. meningeal worms o ...	1991	1758042
is the "mammalian" brown fat-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein present in adipose tissues of birds?	1. mitochondria were isolated from the furcular, subcutaneous, abdominal, nape and lateral adipose tissue depots of five species of bird (pheasant, japanese quail, pigeon, house sparrow and great tit) acclimatized to the northern winter. 2. mitochondrial proteins were separated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes, and probed for the presence of the 32,000-33,000 mr uncoupling protein characteristic of "mammalian" brown adipose tissue, using an anti-(g ...	1991	1756620
the use of isoelectric focusing to identify rhinoceros keratins.	keratins represent the principal structural proteins of hair. they are also found in horn, nail, claw, hoof, and feather. hair and nail samples from human and canine sources and hair samples from mule deer, white tail deer, cat, moose, elk, antelope, caribou, raccoon, and goat were studied. parrot and goose feathers were also analyzed. keratins are polymorphic, and species differences are known to exist. proteinaceous extracts of deer and antelope antlers and bovine and rhinoceros horn were prep ...	1990	1691773
sarcocystis in caribou (rangifer tarandus terraenorae) in newfoundland.	prevalence of species of sarcocystis in muscle of 36 caribou, rangifer tarandus terraenorae, shot in newfoundland, canada, was 53%. a greater percentage of infected animals were obtained from the central part of the island. the highest concentration of microscopic sarcocysts, 1/mm2 of tissue, was observed in a 5-year old animal. although widely distributed throughout the body, cysts were more prevalent in the tongue and diaphragm. the potential of sarcocystis in caribou as a food-borne disease o ...	1991	1688046
[the circulation of viruses of the california encephalitis and bunyamwera groups (bunyaviridae, bunyavirus) on the northeastern russian plain].	in the komi assr, 102.2 thousand mosquitoes, 207 small mammals, 1487 blood serum specimens from people, 793 cow blood sera, 140 blood serum specimens from reindeer were collected in june-august, 1988. twenty seven virus strains isolated from mosquitoes were classified into bunyaviridae family according to the data of electron microscopic studies. identification of the isolates by cft and ifa showed 18 of the strains to belong to california encephalitis complex and 9 to bunyamwera complex. serolo ...	1991	1677507
public health response to an identified environmental toxin: managing risks to the james bay cree related to cadmium in caribou and moose.	at the request of cree political and health authorities and using indirect measures of exposure, we estimated the risk to the james bay cree of renal impairment related to the long-term consumption of the liver and kidney of moose and caribou contaminated by environmental cadmium. the low risk of disease was weighed against the possible detriment from activities to convince the crees to avoid a traditional albeit occasional component of their subsistence diet. our approach to the assessment and ...	1991	1672617
[morbidity among reindeer breeders in the northern region of kamchatka].	analysis of morbidity with temporary disability (mtd) was performed among 833 reindeer-breeders in the koryak region in kamchatka, basing on the sick-leave certificate data for 1987-1989. provided is an assessment of the climate factors peculiar of kamchatka and influencing mtd among reindeer-breeders.	1991	1666058
a comparison of serological relationships among five ruminant alphaherpesviruses by elisa.	using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays the cross reactivity of bovine herpesvirus-1.1, bovine herpesvirus-1.2, caprine herpesvirus-2, cervine (red deer) herpesvirus-1 and rangiferine (reindeer) herpesvirus-1 has been examined using rabbit hyperimmune antisera and convalescent cattle and red deer field sera. significant cross-reactivity among all the five viruses was demonstrated. a detailed analysis showed that: (1) the two bovine herpesviruses are most closely related, (2) the cervine, caprin ...	1992	1605741
radiocesium in muscle tissue of reindeer and pike from northern sweden before and after the chernobyl accident. a retrospective study on tissue samples from the swedish environmental specimen bank.	after the chernobyl accident in april 1986, considerable deposition of radionuclides occurred regionally in eastern, central and northwestern sweden. locally, the fallout of radiocesium exceeded the remainder from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests by several magnitudes. since the end of the 1960s samples of organs from various plant and animal species, annually collected at different localities, have been preserved in the swedish environmental specimen bank (esb). in this work samples from the e ...	1992	1604304
radioactive contamination of food sampled in the areas of the ussr affected by the chernobyl disaster.	in october 1990 a netherlands humanitarian fact finding mission on aid to people affected by the chernobyl disaster visited contaminated regions in russia, byelorussia and the ukraine. the mission consisted of medical, socio-psychological and agricultural experts. the results of radioactivity measurements on food products sampled in the contaminated areas are reported here and the radiation burden for the soviet citizens due to these products is discussed. the radiocaesium contamination measured ...	1992	1580398
investigations of radiocaesium in the natural terrestrial environment in norway following the chernobyl accident.	radioactive fallout from the chernobyl accident affected parts of central norway to a considerable extent, in particular the 134cs+137cs deposition had a significant impact on the natural environment. when this became apparent, a comprehensive radioecological research programme was initiated in order to study the behaviour of radiocaesium in boreal and alpine ecosystems, with emphasis on food-chains leading to exposure of species used for human consumption, i.e., reindeer and freshwater fish. in ...	1992	1580389
pulsatile growth hormone secretion during the breeding season in male reindeer and its association with hypophagia and weight loss.	male deer reduce food intake and lose weight during the breeding season (rut) in autumn. growth hormone (gh) is lipolytic in ruminants; therefore, pulsatile gh secretion was measured in three young reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) bulls during the natural period of weight loss during rut. blood samples were withdrawn through a jugular cannula every 20 min for 16 hr on 5 occasions from late summer to early winter in unanaesthetised animals. the deer were group fed a pelleted concentrate rati ...	1992	1563616
a comparative study of the temperature dependence of the oxygen-binding properties of mammalian hemoglobins.	the effect of temperature on the oxygen-binding properties of hemoglobin (hb) from ruminants, such as ox, reindeer, musk ox, mouflon and egyptian water buffalo is compared to that of human adult hb (hba). a striking difference emerges where in the presence of chloride ions and in the absence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate [gri(2,3)p2] a strongly reduced exothermic oxygenation process is observed for all ruminant hb investigated with respect to hba. next, in the presence of physiological concentration ...	1992	1551393
the occurrence of rabies in the svalbard islands of norway.	after the first recorded outbreak of rabies in the svalbard islands (norway) in 1980, brain tissue from 817 trapped arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) was tested for rabies by a direct fluorescent antibody test. during the same period (1980 to 1990), 29 arctic foxes, 23 polar bears (ursus maritimus), 19 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and five ringed seals (phoca hispida) were also tested using the same technique. these animals had either been found dead, killed because of abnormal behavior or were appa ...	1992	1548803
seasonal and daily patterns in melatonin secretion in female reindeer and their calves.	daily patterns of pineal function were studied in different seasons in 10 adult semidomesticated female reindeer and 5 prepubertal calves living in a natural arctic environment at latitude 69 degrees 10'n. serum samples for melatonin ria were collected every 4 h for 24 h in october (10 h of light, 14 h of darkness and 8 h of light, 16 h of darkness), december (24 h of darkness), march (13 h of light, 11 h of darkness), and june (24 h of light). a significant daily variation in serum melatonin le ...	1992	1537312
structural study and preliminary crystallographic data for the hemoglobin from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus)	the ferric form of reindeer hemoglobin (rangifer tarandus tarandus) has been crystallized in an orthorhombic crystalline form from polyethylene glycol solutions, at ph 8.2. the crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit cell edges a = 84.2 a, b = 59.9 a, c = 119.5 a; one hemoglobin tetramer is contained in the asymmetric unit. the crystals diffract x-rays to a limit spacing of 3.0 a. inspection of amino acid sequences in the n-terminal region of beta-chains, and ana ...	1992	1530603
chernobyl fallout: internal doses to the norwegian population and the effect of dietary advice.	dietary studies and whole-body measurements were used to estimate the intake of radiocesium and the radiation dose received by different groups of people in norway after the chernobyl accident. freshwater fish, milk, and reindeer meat were the major sources for radiocesium intake. dietary advice, together with agricultural decontamination measures, resulted in a considerable reduction in the exposure level of the population. a majority (40-80%) of the specially selected groups (farmers-hunters a ...	1992	1526778
blood mercury and serum selenium concentrations in reindeer herders in the arctic area of northern finland.	163 healthy reindeer herders living in the arctic area of northern finland were investigated for blood mercury and serum selenium concentrations. more than ten percent of the subjects had blood mercury above the upper normal limit. high organic and total organic mercury levels were most common in the northeastern part of the country. high organic and total mercury and selenium values were more common in the lapps than the finns. blood mercury levels increased with increasing fish consumption. th ...	1992	1510586
detection of airborne reindeer epithelial antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition.	hypersensitivity reactions to reindeer epithelial (re) allergens have been recently demonstrated among reindeer herders. to determine the concentration of airborne re antigens a method based on inhibition of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed. dust samples were collected in workshops where reindeer leather was processed and the workers had inhaled dry epithelial dust during their working shifts. specific ige to re allergen could be detected in one of 5 workers. re antige ...	1992	1510231
water intake and its thermal energy cost in reindeer fed lichen or various protein rations during winter.	captive reindeer were fed four different rations which supplied equal energy but varying amount of crude protein: lichens (3%), mixed hay plus lichens (10%) and two feed concentrates with medium (12%) or high (18%) protein content. kinetics of total body water were measured with tritiated water from february to march 1985, and thermal energy cost of daily water intake was estimated. biological half-time of water was shorter, and daily water intake significantly higher on the hay plus lichens die ...	1992	1502914
oral and parenteral administration of ivermectin to reindeer.	the anti-parasitic effect of the orally administered paste formulation of ivermectin (ivomec) in reindeer was evaluated by means of a trial designed to compare the efficacies of orally and s.c. administered ivermectin at the same dosage (0.2 mg kg-1 body weight) in naturally infected adult reindeer (n = 92). both formulations were 100% effective against larvae of the warble fly, oedemagena tarandi, while oral treatment was less efficacious than s.c. injection against parasitic nematodes. both fo ...	1992	1502787
lethal cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis in a reindeer calf.	lethal elaphostrongylosis in a reindeer calf is described. the calf showed signs of abnormal behaviour, mental confusion and reduced vision due to lesions in the brain parenchyma caused by migrating mature elaphostrongylus rangiferi. traumatically caused malacia and secondary axon degeneration were observed in all brain areas. nematodes were found in the skeletal muscles, epidural space of the spinal cord, and in the subdural spaces and leptomeninges of the cord and brain. developing nematode ov ...	1992	1492523
abiotic factors influencing embryonic development, egg hatching, and larval orientation in the reindeer warble fly, hypoderma tarandi.	wild-caught, tethered females of the reindeer warble fly, hypoderma tarandi (l.) (= oedemagena tarandi (l.)), (diptera, oestridae) were stimulated to oviposit on hairs of a reindeer hide. newly laid eggs incubated at constant temperatures and relative humidities hatched within 3 days to 2 weeks, depending on the experimental conditions. over a range of 7-40 degrees c, hatching only occurred between 20 and 37 degrees c. eggs held at 100% relative humidity had lower hatchability and longer time to ...	1992	1463901
inuvialuit food use and food preferences in aklavik, northwest territories, canada.	annual frequency of use of 32 species of mammals, fish, birds and plants was examined among 36 (43% of all) inuvialuit households in aklavik, nwt. degree of preference for each of 34 traditional and 12 store-bought foods was examined among 36 adults and 35 (83% of all) inuvialuit school children ages 10-16 years, using a likert-type scale. traditional foods were used on average 676 +/- 464 (mean +/- s.d.) times per year, the most frequent being caribou (145, mean), beluga whale (74), hares (35), ...	1992	1463555
razors and refrigerators and reindeer--oh my!		1992	1460669
alcohol consumption among male reindeer herders of lappish and finnish origin.	ethnic differences in alcohol intake among male reindeer herders were studied, since historical evidence suggests that lapps drink more than finns and since the considerable freedom of the herding occupation may imply a high risk for alcohol problems. in 1988, 2001 men answered a mail questionnaire including questions on alcohol intake over the past 12 months. the mean alcohol intake was 22.3 g/day among the lapps and 13.2g/day among the finns (p less than 0.001). the percentage of heavy drinker ...	1992	1439923
light microscopy of dried saliva in the evaluation of xerostomia of the sicca syndrome. a preliminary report.	dried, freshly produced saliva from 21 patients with xerostomia related to the sicca syndrome [15 with primary sjögren's syndrome (pss), 3 with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and secondary sjögren's syndrome (sss), and 3 with sjögren's syndrome (ss) and systemic lupus erythematosus (sle)] and 21 age and sex matched controls, was examined by light microscopy. a typical fern-like pattern was demonstrated by the crystallized mucus of the healthy individuals. in contrast, much thicker, shorter, irregular ...	1992	1433006
molecular basis of low-temperature sensitivity in pig hemoglobins.	it has been generally assumed that mammals have blood with a greater temperature sensitivity than ectothermic organisms. recent results have shown that in some species of mammals, hb displays a value of overall oxygenation enthalpy (delta h) much less exothermic than that observed for most mammalian hemoglobins, including human adult hb. in this respect, a very interesting case is represented by porcine blood which shows a modest effect of temperature, the temperature coefficient of its oxygen-d ...	1992	1425681
blood and urinary cadmium levels in inuit living in kuujjuaq, canada.	blood and urine cadmium concentrations have been determined in a group of 85 inuit residents of kuujjuaq, quebec, canada, drawn from actively hunting households. mean blood cadmium values are high at 39.4 nmol/l, varying between 6.6 in non-smokers and 60.3 in smokers. no association of blood cadmium with self-reported offal consumption could be found. median urine cadmium concentrations are elevated at 2.3 mumol/mol creatinine and rise substantially with age: 0.9 in the 30-39 age group; 3.2 amon ...	1992	1362287
arctic terrestrial ecosystem contamination.	limited data have been collected on the presence of contaminants in the arctic terrestrial ecosystem, with the exception of radioactive fallout from atmospheric weapons testing. although southern and temperate biological systems have largely cleansed themselves of radioactive fallout deposited during the 1950s and 1960s, arctic environments have not. lichens accumulate radioactivity more than many other plants because of their large surface area and long life span; the presence and persistence o ...	1992	1355310
blood chemistry of reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus) during the winter season.	1. blood characteristics of reindeer calves fed on lichens were studied during the winter. 2. the serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations decreased during the winter, obviously partly due to protein deficiency in the diet. 3. high urea levels in autumn and midwinter were possibly reflections of increased stress and/or protein catabolism. 4. marked lipolysis occurred in late winter, and thus increases were observed in fatty acids, glycerol, triglycerides and acetoacetate concentr ...	1992	1351815
localization, cellular morphology and respiratory capacity of "brown" adipose tissue in newborn reindeer.	1. the localization and cellular morphology of adipose tissue was studied by light, fluorescence and electron microscopy in reindeer between 2 weeks pre partum and 4.5 months post partum during calving, and the subsequent growth period. the respiratory capacity of the adipose tissue was examined in terms of morphometric mitochondrial volume and cytochrome-c oxidase or succinate dehydrogenase activity. 2. adipose tissue was located at specific anatomical sites in the newborn reindeer (from 0 to 2 ...	1992	1348462
distribution and vasomotor effects of neuropeptides in angular oculi and facial veins of reindeer.	1. the vasomotor responses to neuropeptides of the angular oculi and facial veins of reindeer were examined in vitro and correlated with the neuropeptide distribution in the perivascular nerves, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. 2. nerves displaying calcitonin gene related peptide (cgrp)- or neuropeptide y (npy)-like immunoreactivity (-li) were observed in the media of both veins, while very few fibers were immunoreactive to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) or substance p (sp) in e ...	1992	1348461
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to cervine herpesvirus-1.	fourteen hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mab) to cervine herpesvirus-1 (cerhv-1) produced following the fusion of nso myeloma cells with splenocytes of balb/c mice previously immunized with gradient purified cerhv-1 were selected using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) employing cerhv-1 antigen and tested by the elisa against four other ruminant alphaherpesviruses from cattle (bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 and 1.2) goat (caprine herpesvirus-2) and reindeer ...	1992	1333671
spectroscopic properties of the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous man, horse, and ruminant hemoglobins: a comparative study.	the spectroscopic (epr and absorbance) properties of the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous man, horse, buffalo, deer, mouflon, musk ox, ox, and reindeer hemoglobin (hbno) have been investigated in the absence of any allosteric effector at ph 6.5 (in 0.1 m 2-[n-morpholino]ethanesulphonic acid/naoh chloride-free buffer system), as well as at 100 k and/or 20 degrees c. man and horse hbno show spectroscopic properties that are generally taken as typical of the high affinity state of ferrous tetrame ...	1992	1316949
comparison of herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, goats, and cattle by restriction endonuclease analysis.	a genomic comparison of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), caprine herpesvirus (chv-2) and reindeer herpesvirus (rhv), was performed using 5 restriction endonucleases. cross neutralization of these three herpesviruses showed that bhv-1 and chv-2 had a relatively low degree of cross reaction with heterologous viruses. rhv showed a higher degree of such cross reactivity. the restriction endonuclease analyses showed that the migration patterns of the dna segments were different for the three groups of h ...	1992	1314052
the interplay of temperature and protons in the modulation of oxygen binding by squid blood.	an extensive set of data relating to the binding of oxygen by haemocyanin from the squid todarodes sagittatus has been collected under various experimental conditions. the results obtained show that, within the range of physiological ph, the concentration of protons affects mainly the high-affinity state of the molecule without significantly affecting the low-affinity state. as far as the effect of temperature is concerned, the data show a characteristic feature which is very similar to that pre ...	1992	1311173
[the effect of a preparation isolated from reindeer spleen on the survivability of mice at low temperatures].		1992	1307050
assessment of health risks from fallout radiocesium in a hunting and food-gathering society.	hunting and food-gathering societies are particularly vulnerable to the effects of fallout, since these people are often at the head of natural food chains which can bioaccumulate toxic substances. this paper describes a study on the effects of fallout radiocesium in caribou consumers of northern canada. portable whole body counting equipment was transported into five arctic communities in 1989-90 and used to measure radiocesium body burdens in over 1100 people. the results were compared with a ...	1992	1305980
cadmium, metallothionein and renal tubular toxicity.	cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity develops at cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex of 10-300 micrograms/g wet weight. the actual concentration at which it develops depends on a number of factors, e.g., exposure route, chemical species of cadmium administered, rate of administration and simultaneous exposure to other metals. the role of these factors can be explained by a mechanism of cadmium nephrotoxicity in which both extracellular and intracellular metallothionein binding play an essential ...	1992	1303954
[development of the larvae inside the body of the itch mites sarcoptes scabiei (l.) (sarcoptidae) and the ontogenetic level of eclosion in mites of the order acariformes].	several larvae-containing females of sarcoptes have been found in skin biopsy of heavily infected rangifer tarandas l. a. viviparity hypothesis is disproved. the larvae in the body of egg-containing dead females of the human sarcoptes were obtained by incubation in the suspended water drop. embryogenesis types as well as eclosion stage in acariformes are discussed. the term "postmortal pregnancy" is proposed.	1992	1302517