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ige responses in human filariasis. ii. qualitative characterization of filaria-specific ige.crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (crie) was used to characterize human ige antibody responses to filarial parasites by using antigens derived from brugia malayi (bm) adult worms. a reference pool of patient sera was initially used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of crie. because igg-blocking antibodies interfered with ige binding in certain sera, all sera were preabsorbed with protein a-sepharose. as little as 50 ng of specific ige antibody (determined by quantitative radioallergo ...19836193193
chyluria of possible filarial aetiology in a south indian child. 19826191640
detection of ige antibodies in onchocerciasis. possibility of using allergens from dipetalonema viteae extracts that cross-react with allergenic determinants in crude extracts of onchocerca volvulus.the present study reports the presence of onchocerca volvulus specific ige in the sera obtained from onchocerciasis patients. about 70% of onchocerciasis patients showed a raised level of o. volvulus specific ige compared to patients infected either with other human filarids (loa loa, wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi) or with other helminths (schistosoma mansoni, ascaris lumbricoides, fasciola hepatica). the o. volvulus specific ige level was significantly higher in patients exhibiting 'gale ...19826187503
cytologic detection of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in urine collected during a routine workup for hematuria.a 23-year-old guyanese man experienced intermittent, total, painless, gross hematuria for a month for which he sought medical attention at the kings county hospital center in brooklyn. hematuria was accompanied by weakness but not by frequency of urination or burning on urination. catheterized urine at the time of cystoscopy and each of two subsequent voided specimens examined cytologically contained sheathed microfilariae. distinguishing features of the microfilariae were well demonstrated with ...19826186111
impact of control measures on prevalence and incidence of bancroftian filariasis in east godavari district (andhra pradesh). 19826179868
control measures against bancroftian filariasis in coastal villages in tanzania. 19816171214
the major radioiodinated cuticular antigens of onchocerca gibsoni microfilariae are neither species nor onchocerca specific.the possible role of microfilarial surface (cuticular) antigens in immuno-diagnosis of human filarial infections has been assessed using microfilariae (mf) of the cattle parasite onchocerca gibsoni. a triton x-100 extract of 125i-labeled o. gibsoni mf was reacted with a panel of sera from humans infected with onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancrofti and schistosoma japonicum as well as sera from uninfected controls. results of these immunoprecipitations indicated that sera from humans infected ...19816171154
familial predisposition to filarial infection--not linked to hla-a or-b locus specificities.two hundred and twenty-five polynesians were selected from a larger study population for the evaluation of potential genetic influences on the susceptibility to bancroftian filariasis. analysis showed that there was significantly familial clustering of patients with filariasis and that this clustering was most compatible with genetic transmission of disease susceptibility. the data best fit a model in which the hypothetical gene for filariasis was recessive with a frequency of 0.82 +/- 0.15 in t ...19816171153
filarial diseases in ceylon: a geographic and historical analysis.medical records concerning filarial diseases in ceylon date from the account of davy[1], though there are hints as to the more obvious manifestations in the old chronicles of the country, too. a first survey was conducted in 1912/1913 concentrating on urban areas, followed by a second survey in the 1930s with emphasis on the rural parts. the results displayed a remarkable distribution pattern: wuchereria bancrofti, the so-called "urban type", concentrated in galle and matara towns, whereas brugi ...19836152421
mosquitoes of bali island, indonesia: common species in the village environment.routine sampling of mosquito populations in rural villages was carried out during 13 months at 4 locations in southern bali island, indonesia. sampling was by light trapping and early night resting collections around animal stables. specimens collected were preserved for assay of arthropod-borne viruses; 104,608 specimens representing 20 species were prepared in 2681 pools for viral assay. anopheles barbirostris and an. subpictus have been shown to be important vectors of brugia malayi and b. ti ...19836140760
selective primary health care: strategies for the control of disease in the developing world. vii. filariasis.at least 250 million people throughout the world are infected with filariae, and the number of such persons is increasing. three species infect humans: wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and brugia timori. the peak of microfilarial density in the blood usually occurs nocturnally. transmission of filariasis is remarkably inefficient. in an endemic area, approximately 100,000 mosquito bites yearly are required for production of each new case of microfilaremia. only a small proportion of those in ...19836138844
an epidemiological study of filariasis in sorsogon province, republic of the philippines, with notes on experimental mosquito infection.an epidemiological survey was conducted on bancroftian filariasis in sorsogon province, the philippines, with special regard to low density microfilaremia (ldf). filtration technique using nuclepore membrane examining 1 ml blood revealed 31% positive rate for microfilaria out of 262 volunteers. out of 82 positives 21 (25.6%) had ldf (less than 10 in 1 ml blood). no conspicuous grouping of ldf was noted in younger age groups or sexes. in three out of 12 clinical filariasis, microfilaria was detec ...19836136616
[relationships between the percentages of microfilariae and the microfilarial density in man and that of filarial larva in the mosquito vector in a wuchereria bancrofti endemic area]. 19826136338
sir patrick manson's studies on the transmission and biology of filariasis.in the obscurity of amoy, south china, patrick manson first recognized that a bloodsucking arthropod can harbor--and presumably transmit--organisms of human disease: in particular, that the house mosquito is an intermediary of the filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti. manson published his find in 1878 and within two years discovered that the parasite's "embryos" (microfilariae) exhibit "nocturnal periodicity," i.e., they absent themselves from the blood during the day and reappear at night coi ...19836131527
filariasis in dadra and nagar haveli. 19826130113
ingestion and development of wuchereria bancrofti in culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti after feeding on humans with varying densities of microfilariae in tanzania. 19826126022
effect of diethylcarbamazine on wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial enzymes. 19816118325
studies on the transmission and prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in four coastal villages of tanzania. 19816118103
biochemical studies of some mosquitoes in relation to development of wuchereria bancrofti. 19816116667
studies on bancroftian filariasis in liberia, west africa. v. the influence of treatment with diethylcarbamazine and vector control on the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti.the transmission intensity of bancroftian filariasis was investigated during a study on filariasis control carried out in eight villages of the savanna area in the hinterland of liberia. although the microfilarial reservoir had been reduced considerably in the human population of two villages by mass treatment with the filaricide drug diethylcarbamazine the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti was continued without any distinct reduction. the transmission however decreased distinctly or was even ...19806112806
tanzania filariasis project: studies on microfilaraemia and selected clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis.in a total of 1977 males aged 5 years and over examined in 21 cluster samples on the coast of tanzania, the overall rate for microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti was 32%. hydrocoele and elephantiasis rates were 39% and 3%, respectively. the rates and severity of these 2 clinical manifestations increased in the older age groups. both the microfilarial density and prevalence increased rapidly in the early age groups, followed by a levelling off and then a slight fall in old age. there was no asso ...19806104427
preliminary observations on the development of larval filariae in toxorhynchites species.brugia malayi and b. pahangi microfilariae from gerbil intraperitoneal infections were inoculated into the thorax of male and female toxorhynchites amboinesis and developed into third-stage larvae as early as 11 days. in a comparative study with aedes togoi fed on microfilaremic gerbils, third-stage larvae were found at 10 days. some third-stage larvae of b. malayi inoculated into gerbils developed to advanced stages. third-stage larvae of wuchereria bancrofti were recovered in low numbers from ...19806101531
nuclear number of microfilariae as a test for intraspecific groupings and evolution in wuchereria bancrofti. 19676035729
observations on spermatogenesis in onchocerca volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti. 19666009831
the effect of prolonged hypothermia on the physiological activity and development of the microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in culex fatigans. 19666003987
susceptibility of aedes aegypti, lagos strain, to infection with wuchereria bancrofti. 19665981453
follow-up of p-32 labelled infective larvae of wuchereria bancrofti in the skin of a kitten. 19665962365
the physiological age of culex fatigans and its relationship to the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti. 19665961244
the periodicity of microfilariae. xi. the effect of body temperature and other stimuli upon the cycles of wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, b. ceylonensis and dirofilaria repens. 19665955121
age, sex, and house distribution of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia in ceylon. 19665941175
[electrophoretic and immunologic study of blood of filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. ii. immunologic study]. 19655899726
[electrophoretic and immunologic study of blood of filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. i. electrophoretic and biologic study]. 19655899725
on the structure of wuchereria bancrofti adults from india, with a note on male specimens from british guiana and fiji. 19655886482
the role of culex fatigans in the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in new guinea. 19655884324
[wuchereria bancrofti and loa loa: a case of loaiasis]. 19655879560
[experimental cycle of wuchereria bancrofti in culex pipiens ssp fatigans wiedmann in majunga]. 19655840831
an analysis of speciation and evolution in wuchereria bancrofti by the study of nuclear constancy (eutely) in microfilariae. 19695820986
chemotherapeutic reactions of chandlerella hawkingi, the filarial parasite of the indian jungle crow, corvus macrorhynchos (agler).1. a high percentage of indian jungle crows (corvus macrorhynchos wagler), found in and around lucknow, harbour a natural filarial infection chandlerella hawkingi. the microfilariae of this species are sheathed and show nocturnal periodicity.2. fourteen compounds active against other kinds of filariae, especially against litomosoides carinii, were tested against ch. hawkingi in jungle crows to find whether this infection would be suitable for routine filarial chemotherapy. this is apparently the ...19695774047
wuchereria bancrofti. 19695763426
[filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti with pulmonary and hematologic eosinophilia. ultrastructural immunologic and histopathologic studies]. 19685738908
wuchereria bancrofti. 19685725472
[infection of culex pipiens autogenicus roubaud from france with an american strain of wuchereria bancrofti]. 19675632557
preliminary observations on oviposition by culex pipiens fatigans and the hatching of eggs following blood meal containing microfilariae (wuchereria bancrofti). 19675629560
observations on the development in vitro of the microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti after prolonged hypothermia. 19675609364
[on the possibility of the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti filariasis the diptera culicoides in salvador, bahia]. 19675604151
crowding effect on the survival of infective stage filarial larvae wuchereria bancrofti inside the insect vector culex pipiens fatigans. 19705525720
susceptibility of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus to infection with periodic wuchereria bancrofti. 19705517774
"primary" pulmonary hypertension, eosinophilia, and filariasis in ceylon.;primary' pulmonary hypertension, which is rare in western countries, was found to be relatively common in ceylon. the clinical and haemodynamic features were studied. there were two distinct types of the disease, malignant and benign. patients with the malignant form of the disease had a rapidly progressive illness of short duration and an invariably fatal outcome. those with the benign form gave a long history and, in spite of severe pulmonary hypertension, were only slightly disabled. they se ...19705433314
[wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in la reunion]. 19695409149
[intracranial hypertension syndrome during wuchereria bancrofti filariasis (cobbold, 1877). electroencephalographic reaction during treatment]. 19695409136
crowding effect on the growth of filarial larvae (wuchereria bancrofti) inside the insect vector (culex pipiens fatigans). 19695401883
onchocerciasis in the south-eastern territories of liberia. with studies on the role of onchocerca volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti in the pathogenesis of hydrocele and elephantiasis. 19665333986
[evaluation of 2 immunological tests (skin test and complement fixation test) for the detection of filariasis in populations of upper volta where wuchereria bancrofti, onchocercă volvulus and dipetalonema perstans occur together]. 19695307597
[new data on the vectors of wuchereria bancrofti in madagascar: the influence of temperature on the rate of development of the parasite and on the vectorial infection rate]. 19695307236
[transmission of wuchereria bancrofti cobbold in west africa. preliminary study of a focus in the savanna of north guinea]. 19685302451
analysis of the wuchereria bancrofti population in the people of american samoa.recent interest in mathematical descriptions of the epidemiology of helminth parasites has prompted several attempts to obtain quantitative estimates of reproduction and survival at all stages in their life-histories. the availability of microfilarial counts, repeated on many people over 4(1/2) years, suggested that these estimates could be made for wuchereria bancrofti. important values that were calculated are the duration of patency for single infections (2(1/2) years), the maximum density of ...19685302292
use of repellents and attractants in filariasis control.the ways in which repellents and attractants could be used to interrupt the transmission of bancroftian filariasis, especially by culex pipiens fatigans, are assessed. dimethyl phthalate (dmp) is an effective repellent against c. p. fatigans. it is also very toxic to all larval stages of wuchereria bancrofti. the median lethal time to microfilariae of a solution of about 0.2% in normal saline is about 10 minutes. other stages are similarly sensitive. contact with dmp in very thin films is almost ...19675300073
observations on the habits and control of culex pipiens fatigans in guyana.investigations in guyana in 1961-63 showed that wuchereria bancrofti was the only filarial parasite causing elephantiasis and that culex pipiens fatigans was the primary vector. mansonia titillans and anopheles aquasalis were found to be secondary vectors.c. p. fatigans bred primarily in pit latrines and secondarily in the clean, confined water of drums and barrels near latrines. no breeding occurred in the relatively clean open water of trenches, ditches and drains.of 21016 mosquitos collected ...19675300072
a study of the age-composition of natural populations of culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann in relation to the transmission of filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) in ceylon.filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti is becoming an increasingly important problem in many countries of southern and south-eastern asia. from 1962 to 1964, a study was made of the vector of this disease, culex pipiens fatigans, in two districts of colombo, ceylon, one with vector control by larviciding and one without. catches were made of the house-resting, biting and ovipositing populations, and the stages of ovarian development, parity and infection were determined by examination of the ext ...19675300045
infection and reinfection of culex pipiens fatigans with wuchereria bancrofti and the loss of mature larvae in blood-feeding.although previous workers had found no evidence of resistance to superinfection in vectors of filariasis, it was considered desirable to reinvestigate the subject because of the epidemiological implications, since a mosquito that can incubate to maturity successive broods of filarial larvae will obviously be a more efficient vector than one that cannot. the results obtained indicate that a culex pipiens fatigans mosquito that picks up an infection early in its life can, by taking subsequent infe ...19675298677
cane-sugar feeding in culex pipiens fatigans.the relatively poor results that have been obtained in controlling or eradicating culex pipiens fatigans, the urban vector of wuchereria bancrofti, have made it necessary to obtain as much information as possible about its biology. in this paper the unexpected finding of the influence of cane sugar in delaying oviposition in the gravid female is reported. this is an important finding for those who are investigating the biology of this mosquito in the laboratory and who make use of the age-old pr ...19675298676
early life cycle and larval morphogenesis of wuchereria bancrofti in the jird, meriones unguiculatus. 19715133881
loss of mature larvae of wuchereria bancrofti in relation to certain culicine mosquitoes. 19715094708
a note on the susceptibility of the tropical bed bug cimex hemipterus to wuchereria bancrofti in ceylon. 19725054494
in vitro adhesion of eosinophils to infective larvae of wuchereria bancrofti. 19704991883
[culex pipiens fatigans wiedemann, wuchereria bancrofti cobbold and the economic development of tropical africa]. 19674866449
letter: treatment of wuchereria bancrofti with levamisole. 19734785467
[investigations of the quantitative aspects of the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in coastal areas of liberia]. 19734778583
dislodging action of diethylcarbamazine in relation to its overall microfilaricidal activity in wuchereria bancrofti infection (periodic strain). 19734758001
experimental infection of anopheles gambiae and culex pipiens fatigans with wuchereria bancrofti in coastal east africa. 19734707754
[in vitro trial of diethylcarbamazine. ii. effect of infestive larvae of wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica]. 19724677877
[in vitro trials of diethylcarbamazine. i. effect on microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica]. 19724677876
[susceptibility of culex pipiens molestus, forskal mosquitoes of the moscow population to wuchereria bancrofti, cobbold]. 19724653706
[infections with wuchereria bancrofti in marshall territory, a coastal region of liberia]. 19724650090
[serum proteins in lymphatic filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica. electrophoretic study and immunochemical assay of a, m, g, and e immunoglobulins]. 19724631949
enzymes in wuchereia bancrofti. 19744619816
entomological aspects of filariasis control in sri lanka.historical events and suitable environmental conditions in the southwestern coastal areas of sri lanka have led to the establishment of a zone of endemic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by culex pipiens fatigans. the previous brugia malayi foci, scattered over widely dispersed areas of the island, were apparently completely eliminated as a result of control of the mansonia vectors by the destruction of the larval host plants in their swamp habitats. control measures by ...19744619057
bancroftian filariasis in the sudan.the authors present and discuss the results of a survey carried out in the farbronga and habeila areas and in the nuba mountains of the sudan to ascertain the incidence of filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti.19744618513
hyperendemic bancroftian filariasis in the kingdom of tonga: the application of the membrane filter concentration technique to an age-stratified blood survey.a survey carried out in tonga, an area of hyperendemic subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti filariasis, compared the diagnostic efficiency of the membrane-filtration and stained blood film techniques. membrane filter concentration of 1 ml blood revealed a microfilaria rate that was approximately the same for all age groups, from 5 to 9 years old to greater than 50 years old, about 70%. the microfilaria rate by examination of stained 60 mm-3 thick blood films was lower for all age groups. membrane ...19744615596
diethylcarbamazine medicated salt in the chemotherapeutic control of filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti in an open community. 19744613644
wuchereria bancrofti larval antigen in the diagnosis of human filariasis by skin test. 19744611915
a quantitative approach to the study of bancroftian filariasis. 19744611252
filariasis on kinmen (quemoy) islands, republic of china. ii. clinical investigations. 19744610780
a quantitative approach to parasitological techniques in bancroftian filariasis and its effect on epidemiological understanding. 19744607574
[immundiagnostic studies on persons from a wuchereria bancrofti endemic area]. 19734591599
indirect fluorescent antibody technique with micro-fragments of wuchereria bancrofti. 19734591501
onchocerca volvulus and wuchereria bancrofti: fluorescent antibody staining of frozen homologous sections for diagnosis. 19734578950
hybrid compatibilities and susceptibility of culex pipiens fatigans wied. to wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) in east africa.tests with colonies of culex pipiens fatigans from six localities in kenya and tanzania revealed high levels (60-90%) of susceptibility to infection with wuchereria bancrofti. twenty-six of 30 possible crosses between these colonies were performed and revealed no cases of incompatibility. all but 2 crosses produced near-normal sex ratios of f(1) adults, with a slight excess of females in 16 of 20 detailed assessments. the implications of these results for control work and filariasis transmission ...19724538541
increased serum ige level in individuals infected with schistosoma japonicum, wuchereria bancrofti or hook worm, and the changes by treatment in schistosomiasis. 19724537792
diethylcarbamazine provocation of the microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. 19744420924
[histological study of the abortive evolution of wuchereria bancrofti cobbold in mansonia uniformis theobald]. 19714401396
mosquito-borne infections in fiji. i. filariasis in northern fiji: epidemiological evidence regarding factors influencing the prevalence of microfilaraemia of wuchereria bancrofti infections.a survey of microfilaraemia among the population of vanua levu, taveuni and koro islands in northern fiji was conducted in 1968 and 1969 as a prelude to a campaign of mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine.the prevalences of microfilaraemia were found in the more moist conditions of taveuni and koro and on the windward southern side of vanua levu to be higher than on the drier northern side of vanua levu. on both sides of vanua levu prevalences were lower inland than near the coast.under apparen ...19714397424
periodic mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine for the control of filariasis in american samoa.filariasis surveys made during 1962-63 in 5 villages in american samoa among persons over 5 years of age gave an elephantiasis rate of 3.4%, a microfilarial rate of 26% and a median microfilarial rate (mfd(50)) of 29. these rates were somewhat higher than those found in surveys made in the same villages among villagers of the same ages some 20 years previously. a mass treatment programme with diethylcarbamazine was then decided on.preliminary treatment with a single total regimen of 72 mg of the ...19704396819
efficiency of the cytoplasmic incompatible (d3) strain of culex pipiens fatigans to infection with the rural strain of wuchereria bancrofti. 19744282638
[use of dipetalonema dessetae bain, 1973, new rodent filaria (proechimys sp.) as antigen in the diagnosis of human filariasis by the immunofluorescent method]. 19744281683
evaluation of the dirofilaria immitis filarial skin test antigen in the diagnosis of filariasis.conflicting opinions on the value of a skin test in the diagnosis of human filariasis emphasized the need for a careful examination of this procedure. the evaluation was made by asking workers in different countries to use an antigen prepared from dirofilaria immitis in groups of people who could be examined for parasitic infection.in one non-endemic area, repeated tests over a 1-year period did not lead to sensitization, but the reactions of individuals varied from test to test. in endemic area ...19714274286
selection of culex pipiens fatigans for vector ability to the rural strain of wuchereria bancrofti--a preliminary report. 19704246801
on the inefficiency of transmission of wuchereria bancrofti from mosquito to human host.the high biting rate of culex pipiens fatigans in rangoon, combined with a low prevalence of microfilaraemia due to wuchereria bancrofti, suggested a poor efficiency of transmission. data obtained by the who filariasis research unit in rangoon were analysed, and the efficiency of the parasite from stage iii larva in the mosquito to the production of microfilariae was estimated as 6.04-6.71 x 10(-5), indicating that an average of around 15 500 bites by "infective" mosquitos is necessary to produc ...19684235739
a note on the search for potential vectors of rural wuchereria bancrofti and periodic brugia malayi in malaysia barat. 19684234379
experimental studies on potential vectors of wuchereria bancrofti rurral strain in thailand. 19684234374
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