Publications

effect of policosanol on arterial blood pressure in rats. study of the pharmacological interaction with nifedipine and propranolol.	policosanol is a natural mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohols isolated from sugar cane wax (saccharum officinarum, l) with cholesterol-lowering effects demonstrated in experimental models and in patients with type ii hyperlipoproteinemia. the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of policosanol on arterial blood pressure and its interaction with propranolol and nifedipine.	1998	9556918
sequence diversity in the nib coding region of eight sugarcane mosaic potyvirus isolates infecting sugarcane in australia.	we have sequenced the nib coding region of sugarcane mosaic potyvirus strain sc (scmv-sc) and eight field isolates of scmv from australia. this region comprised 1563 nucleotides and encoded a putative protein of 521 amino acids containing the consensus motif gdd. the protease cleavage sites between the nia/nib and the nib/coat protein were found to be q/c and q/a, respectively. the scmv sequences were most similar to sorghum mosaic potyvirus with identities of 70% and 78% at the nucleotide and a ...	1996	9526537
high affinity binding of albicidin phytotoxins by the alba protein from klebsiella oxytoca.	albicidins are a family of phytotoxins and antibiotics which play an important role in the pathogenesis of sugarcane leaf scald disease. the alba gene from klebsiella oxytoca encodes a protein which inactivates albicidin by heat-reversible binding. albicidin ligand binding to a recombinant alba protein, purified by means of a glutathione s-transferase gene fusion system, is an almost instant and saturable reaction. kinetic and stoichiometric analysis of the binding reaction indicated the presenc ...	1998	9493391
comparative mapping of andropogoneae: saccharum l. (sugarcane) and its relation to sorghum and maize.	comparative genetic maps of papuan saccharum officinarum l. (2n = 80) and s. robustum (2n = 80) were constructed by using single-dose dna markers (sdms). sdm-framework maps of s. officinarum and s. robustum were compared with genetic maps of sorghum and maize by way of anchor restriction fragment length polymorphism probes. the resulting comparisons showed striking colinearity between the sorghum and saccharum genomes. there were no differences in marker order between s. officinarum and sorghum. ...	1997	9405600
effect of policosanol on in vitro and in vivo rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation.	policosanol, a defined mixture of high molecular weight aliphatic alcohol isolated and purified from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum, l) wax is a new cholesterol-lowering agent effective in experimental models, healthy volunteers, and patients with type ii hypercholesterolemia. also, policosanol prevents the onset of spontaneously- and experimentally-induced atherosclerotic lesions and cerebral ischemia in mongolian gerbils. free radicals are linked to many diseases including atherosclerosis a ...	1997	9291630
the gene for albicidin detoxification from pantoea dispersa encodes an esterase and attenuates pathogenicity of xanthomonas albilineans to sugarcane.	albicidin phytotoxins are pathogenicity factors in a devastating disease of sugarcane known as leaf scald, caused by xanthomonas albilineans. a gene (albd) from pantoea dispersa has been cloned and sequenced and been shown to code for a peptide of 235 amino acids that detoxifies albicidin. the gene shows no significant homology at the dna or protein level to any known sequence, but the gene product contains a gxsxg motif that is conserved in serine hydrolases. the albd protein, purified to homog ...	1997	9275238
cholesterol-lowering effect of policosanol on rabbits with hypercholesterolaemia induced by a wheat starch-casein diet.	the effect of policosanol, a mixture of high-molecular-weight aliphatic alcohols isolated from sugarcane wax, on casein-induced hypercholesterolaemia in rabbits was studied. when policosanol was administered by the oral route once daily for 30 d (50 mg/kg) the increases in plasma total cholesterol and ldl-cholesterol (ldc-c) were significantly reduced when compared with the control group. the incorporation of 3h2o into sterols in the liver was significantly depressed, suggesting inhibition of he ...	1997	9227189
sequence comparison of the 3'-terminal parts of the rna of four german isolates of sugarcane mosaic potyvirus (scmv).	the 3'-termini of the genome of four german isolates of sugarcane mosaic potyvirus (scmv) were cloned and sequenced. the sequence data covered the 3' non-coding region (3'ncr), coat protein and part of the nuclear inclusion b (nib) genes of the isolates. comparisons of the sequences revealed that the investigated isolates are very closely related. an alignment of the predicted coat protein amino acid sequences of the german isolates with sequence data for other members of the scmv subgroup, in p ...	1997	9170496
structure of the repeating oligosaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium acetobacter diazotrophicus strain pal 5.	acetobacter diazotrophicus is an acid-tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacterium found in roots, rhizosphere, stems, and leaves of sugar cane (saccharum officinarum) cultivated in brazil. the o-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of the root isolate strain pal 5 has been determined by a combination of methylation analysis and two-dimensional high field nmr spectroscopy. the pentasaccharide repeat has the structure: [formula: see text] minor resonances in the nmr spectra are consistent with the pr ...	1997	9098959
contexts and patterns of men's commercial sexual partnerships in northeastern thailand: implications for aids prevention.	results of an exploratory research project elaborating the contexts, patterns and specific scenarios of the commercial sexual activity of northeastern thai men are reported. data were collected using face-to-face surveys, focus groups, key informant interviews and observations in 32 northeastern villages (n = 744 men), 18 migrant labour camps housing sugarcane workers (n = 219 men), and five cattlemarkets in northeast thailand. fifty percent of married men and 43% of single men had visited femal ...	1997	9015873
random-amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis shows intraspecies differences among xanthomonas albilineans strains.	five strains of xanthomonas albilineans, causal agent of leaf scald disease in sugarcane from various geographical regions, were compared using random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) to determine whether they could be differentiated at the dna level. cscl-purified genomic dna from these strains were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using arbitrary 10-mer primers according to standard rapd conditions and the amplification product profiles analysed by conventional agarose g ...	1996	8987711
[comparison of ciliate diversity in biodisc reactors which purify industrial wastewater].	the comparative study of the ciliate populations present in rotating biological reactors (biodiscs reactors) of 20 l working volume, treating three different wastewaters is the aim of this project. wastewaters chosen were those of a maize mill, of a sugarcane/ethyl alcohol plant, and of a recycled paper mill. its dissolved organic contents, measured as soluble chemical oxygen demand (cod) and five-day biochemical oxygen demand (bod5), were 2040 mg cod/l and 585 mg bod5/l for maize mill effluents ...	1995	8900568
detection of sugarcane bacilliform virus in sugarcane germplasm.	sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv), a badnavirus was found in sugarcane genotypes of saccharum officinarum l., s. barberi jesw., s. sinense roxb., s. robustum brand and jesw., and saccharum hybrids. in most of the suspected genotypes the virus was found associated with clear foliar symptoms. however, certain symptom-free clones carried the virus too. the virus was detected by immuno-electron microscopy (iem) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in suspected clones. the virions measured ...	1996	8886091
epidemiological observations on malaria in villages of buhari phc, surat, gujarat.	investigations were carried out in the villages of buhari phc, surat district, gujarat to determine factors responsible for high prevalence of p. falciparum. the area is well-known for sugarcane cultivation, industrialization and frequent movement of labourers. the slide positivity rate (44.24%) and p. falciparum infections (95.37%) were significantly high. the children of 5-9 yrs of age group suffered maximum from malaria. the infection in children was found associated with splenomegaly also. h ...	1995	8867060
rflp mapping in cultivated sugarcane (saccharum spp.): genome organization in a highly polyploid and aneuploid interspecific hybrid.	sugarcane cultivars are polyploid, aneuploid, interspecific hybrids between the domesticated species saccharum officinarum and the wild relative s. spontaneum. cultivar chromosome numbers range from 100 to 130 with approximately 10% contributed by s. spontaneum. we have undertaken a mapping study on the progeny of a selfed cultivar, r570, to analyze this complex genome structure. a set of 128 restriction fragment length polymorphism probes and one isozyme was used. four hundred and eight markers ...	1996	8849904
the pheromone cell signaling components of the ustilago a mating-type loci determine intercompatibility between species.	the mat region of ustilago hordei, a bipolar barley pathogen, harbors distinct mating functions (a and b loci). here, we show that the b locus is essential for mating and pathogenicity, and can induce pathogenicity when introduced into a strain carrying a b locus of opposite specificity. transformation experiments using components of the a1 locus and analysis of resulting dual mating phenotypes revealed that this locus harbors a pheromone receptor gene (uhpra1) and a pheromone gene (uhmfa1). the ...	1996	8844149
development of an immunoradiometric assay for quantitative determination of cryla(b) protein in transgenic sugarcane plants.	an immunoradiometric assay (irma) system was performed to quantify the recombinant cryla(b) protein produced by transgenic sugarcane lines. the method allowed detection of 0.1-1 ng cryla(b) per 25 micrograms of soluble protein in leaf extracts from plants transformed with an expression vector containing a truncated version of the cryla(b) gene from bacillus thuringiensis. the technique was based upon the use of radioiodinated immunopurified antibodies specific to natural cryla proteins in a one- ...	1996	8841441
emended description of herbaspirillum; inclusion of [pseudomonas] rubrisubalbicans, a milk plant pathogen, as herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans comb. nov.; and classification of a group of clinical isolates (ef group 1) as herbaspirillum species 3.	[pseudomonas] rubrisubalbicans, a mild plant pathogen. herbaspirillum seropedicae, and ef group 1 strains (clustered by an immunological method) were investigated by a polyphasic approach with dna-rrna and dna-dna hybridizations and auxanography on 147 substrates. our results show that they all belong to the genus herbaspirillum. in addition to h. seropedicae, two other species are described: herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans and a new unnamed species, herbaspirillum species 3, containing mainly s ...	1996	8782693
detection of added beet sugar in concentrated and single strength fruit juices by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (snif-nmr method): collaborative study.	a collaborative study of the site-specific natural isotope fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance (snif-nmr) method for detecting added beet sugar in fruit juices is reported. this method is complementary to the stable carbon isotope ratio analysis (scira) (aoac official methods 981.09 and 982.21), which can detect sugars derived from plants exhibiting c4 metabolism (corn and sugarcane). it is based on the fact that the deuterium content at specific positions of the sugar molecules is higher i ...	2013	8757451
at least two separate gene clusters are involved in albicidin production by xanthomonas albilineans.	transposon mutagenesis was used to obtain mutations affecting production of the toxin albicidin in xanthomonas albilineans, which causes leaf scald disease of sugarcane and is also pathogenic to corn. transposon tn5-gusa inserted randomly into genomic dna of x. albilineans xa23r1 at a frequency of 10(-4) to 10(-5) per recipient after conjugal transfer from escherichia coli. fifty prototrophic mutants defective in albicidin production were isolated from 7,100 tn5-gusa insertional derivatives test ...	1996	8755889
transformation of presumptive precursors to frontalin and exo-brevicomin by bark beetles and west indian sugarcane weevil (coleoptera).	(z)-6-nonen-2-one (1) has recently been shown to be the biosynthetic precursor for the aggregation pheromone exo-brevicomin (2) in mountain pine beetle (mpb) males, dendroctonus ponderosae (hopkins). we tested the hypotheses that (1) 6-methyl-6-hepten-2-one (3) is the biosynthetic precursor for the aggregation pheromone frontalin (4) in the spruce beetle (sb), dendroctonus rufipennis (kirby), and (2) that frontalin and exo-brevicomin are produced from 3 and 1, respectively, only by beetles that ...	1996	8733625
chemical identification, electrophysiological and behavioral activities of the pheromone of metamasius hemipterus (coleoptera: curculionidae).	five hydroxylated aliphatic molecules were identified as the pheromone produced by male west indian sugarcane borer (wisb): 4-methyl-5-nonanol (1), 2-methyl-4-heptanol (2), 2-methyl-4-octanol (3), 5-nonanol (4) and 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-nonanone (5). electroantennographic recordings revealed antennal responses to compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4. significant eags were also recorded in response to pheromone compounds of weevils belonging to the same subfamily and structurally related to the wisb pheromone. ...	1996	8733610
growth kinetics of saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch and fed-batch cultivation using sugarcane molasses and glucose syrup from cassava starch.	growth kinetics of saccharomyces cerevisiae in glucose syrup from cassava starch and sugarcane molasses were studied using batch and fed-batch cultivation. the optimum temperature and ph required for growth were 30 degrees c and ph 5.5, respectively. in batch culture the productivity and overall cell yield were 0.31 g l-1 h-1 and 0.23 g cells g-1 sugar, respectively, on glucose syrup and 0.22 g l-1 h-1 and 0.18 g cells g-1 sugar, respectively, on molasses. in fed-batch cultivation, a productivit ...	1996	8730575
cholesterol-lowering effects of policosanol in rabbits.	policosanol is a natural mixture of higher primary aliphatic alcohols isolated and purified from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum, l.) wax, whose main component is octacosanol. policosanol (5-200 mg/kg) orally administered for 4 weeks to normocholesterolemic new zealand rabbits significantly reduced total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c) serum levels in a dose dependent manner. serum triglyceride levels of treated and control animals were significantly different, but ...	1994	8728832
molecular characterization of the levansucrase gene from the endophytic sugarcane bacterium acetobacter diazotrophicus srt4.	the acetobacter diazotrophicus srt4 gene encoding levansucrase (ec 2.4.1.10) (isda) was isolated from a genomic library. the nucleotide sequence of a 2.3 kb dna fragment sufficient for complementation of a levansucrase-deficient mutant (obtained by ems treatment) was determined. the isda gene (1751 bp) coded for a polypeptide of molecular mass 64.9 kda with an isoelectric point of 5.2. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the extracellular levansucrase indicated the presence of a precursor prot ...	1996	8704949
trna intergenic spacers reveal polymorphisms diagnostic for xanthomonas albilineans.	a pcr-based detection system was developed for xanthomonas albilineans, a pathogen of sugarcane, and other related xanthomonads, using the conserved sequence of two adjacent trna genes and the variable length and sequence of the spacer region between them. an appropriate region was identified as follows: trna genes with the same anticodon from a wide variety of bacteria were aligned and the most frequent base at each position was chosen to derive primers that would anneal to the gene in either o ...	1995	8574414
detection of rdna sites in sugarcane by fish.	hybridization sites of an rdna probe coding for the 5.8s, 18s and 26s genes were detected on the chromosomes of sugarcane and a related genus, erianthus, using fluorescence in situ hybridization. one unpaired and five paired hybridization sites were detected in a saccharum spp. hybrid. a first introgression hybrid (i1) between saccharum officinarum and saccharum spontaneum had seven pairs of hybridization sites. a clone of erianthus arundinaceus showed six hybridization sites in somatic tissue.	1995	8528591
mycoplasmalike organisms (mlos) and distinguish them from other mlos.	dna of 10 lines of rice yellow dwarf (ryd) mycoplasmalike organisms (mlos) from japan, the phillippines, and thailand hybridized with four probes containing chromosomal and six probes containing extrachromosomal dna of a tochigi (japan) line of ryd mlo. one chromosomal probe (ryd9) and all six extrachromosomal probes hybridized with various other mlos (sugarcane white leaf, onion yellows, cineraria witches'-broom, japanese hornwort witches'-broom, water dropwort wiches'-broom, gentian witches'-b ...	1993	8489230
monitoring fusion protein cleavage by capillary electrophoresis.	capillary electrophoresis was successfully utilized to monitor the proteolytic cleavage of two fusion proteins; maltose binding protein-sugarcane mosaic potyvirus coat protein and maltose binding protein-paramyosin. the course of proteolysis by factor xa was monitored with high sensitivity and virtually in real time. capillary electrophoresis conditions were optimized to clearly resolve the fusion proteins, factor xa, lysis products and buffer components. rapid elucidation of time to complete di ...	1993	8424876
an analysis of the complete sequence of a sugarcane bacilliform virus genome infectious to banana and rice.	the genome of sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv), a badnavirus, consists of a circular dsdna. the complete sequence of a cloned infective scbv genome is reported here. the genome is 7568 bp in size and possesses a number of features suggesting that scbv is a pararetrovirus. a trna(met)-binding site that may serve as a primer for minus-strand synthesis is present. the plus-strand of the scbv genome contains three open reading frames (orfs) which are capable of encoding proteins with calculated m( ...	1993	8423447
sequence diversity in the surface-exposed amino-terminal region of the coat proteins of seven strains of sugarcane mosaic virus correlates with their host range.	the n-terminal region of the coat proteins of five strains (isis, brisbane, sabi, bundaberg, and bc) of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) isolated from four different plant species (sugarcane, sabi grass, wild sorghum, and blue couch grass) have been compared with the previously published data for scmv-sc and scmv-mdb, isolated from sugarcane and maize, respectively. the region, beginning at residue 11 and ending 16 residues beyond the second trypsin cleavage site of the coat protein, varied in size ...	1993	8379856
complete nucleotide sequence of sugarcane streak monogeminivirus.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of the monogeminivirus sugarcane streak virus (ssv) was determined from cloned replicative form dna. the genome is contained in one dna circle of 2,758 nucleotides, and has four open reading frames with the potential to encode proteins of mw > 10 kda: two in the viral (+) sense and two in the complementary (-) sense. each open reading frame has a counterpart among the open reading frames reported for other monogeminiviruses. a potential binding site ...	1993	8352656
special problems experienced with pesticide use in developing countries.	the developing countries comprise more than 75% of the total world population covering most of africa, asia, latin america, and south europe. their warm climate favors cultivation of many strategic crops including cotton, rubber, rice, corn, spices, tea, coffee, cocoa beans, sugarcane, tobacco, legumes, tropical and subtropical fruits, and vegetables. they are bound to the industrialized countries for exporting their cash crops and importing all production equipment and materials including pesti ...	1993	8337421
sugarcane workers: morbidity and mortality.	sugarcane is, after pineapple, the largest agricultural industry in hawaii. there have been reports that this industry poses certain health hazards. to investigate this possible hazard in hawaii, the relationship of employment on a sugarcane plantation to total mortality, the development of definite coronary heart disease (chd), stroke, cancer, lung cancer and certain risk factors were examined in men of japanese ancestry participating in the honolulu heart program. after 18 years of follow-up, ...	1993	8300403
plant diseases in india and their control.	the concept of development is reviewed in terms of sustainability. food production in india driven by pressure from an increasing human population uses 90,000 t per year of technical-grade pesticide: 12% of this is fungicide and a good part is insecticide for the control of vectors of plant viruses. a change in the cropping pattern and irrigation have provided a summer 'green bridge' along tamil nadu/andhra pradesh border areas for the tungro virus that affects rice and its vector. epidemics occ ...	1993	8149823
the ecological background of food production.	in the industrialized countries dramatic decreases in the number of people employed in agriculture have been made possible by a rise in soil and labour productivity. there is scope for these to improve further, particularly in developing countries. potential yields are determined by the characteristics of the crop, local temperature and sunlight. because the availability of nutrients and that of water are limiting for at least part of the growing season in most agricultural lands, attainable yie ...	1993	8149822
the physical fitness and work performance of agricultural workers infected with schistosoma mansoni in zimbabwe.	stool specimens were collected from 1995 sugarcane cutters on the hippo valley and triangle sugar estates, zimbabwe, in order to determine the prevalence and intensity of schistosoma mansoni infection. pathological changes normally ascribed to s. mansoni infection were assessed in the infected cutters, by ultrasonography before treatment. the height, weight, age, haemoglobin levels, blood pressure and body fat of the infected and uninfected control study subjects, standardized by age, were deter ...	1993	8122916
effect of policosanol on experimental thrombosis models.	policosanol is a natural product, obtained from sugar cane wax (saccharum officinarum l.) with which cholesterol-lowering effects have been demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and hypercholesterolemic patients. the effects of policosanol on experimental venous and arterial thrombosis in rats were investigated. policosanol (25 mg/kg) significantly decreased the thrombus weight, in the venous thrombosis models, the protective effect persisting until 4 h after its oral administr ...	1994	8066100
effect of policosanol on isoprenaline-induced myocardial necrosis in rats.	policosanol is a mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohols isolated from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum l.) and octacosanol represents its main component. this study was conducted to examine the effects of policosanol on myocardial necrosis induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline in rats. a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of infarct size, polymorphonuclear cells and mast cells was observed in animals treated with policosanol at 5 or 25 mg kg-1, while animals receiving only acety ...	1994	8051611
toxicity of policosanol in beagle dogs: one-year study.	policosanol is a new chemical entity composed of 8 higher aliphatic alcohols obtained from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum), l. wax, whose cholesterol-lowering effects have been demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and patients with type ii hypercholesterolemia. this study investigated the oral toxicity of policosanol administered for 52 weeks to beagle dogs. twenty-four beagle dogs (12 males and 12 females) were distributed randomly in 3 experimental groups (4 animals/group ...	1994	8048085
evaluation of the cariogenicity of sugar containing drinks by estimating changes in ph of human dental plaque and saliva.	cariogenicity of five commonly consumed carbonated beverage and sugar containing drinks (frooti, sugarcane juice, limca, thumps up and big sipp) was evaluated by estimating changes in ph of human dental plaque and saliva in 2 groups of subjects (20 each) differing in caries experience (group a dmft zero; group b dmft 3-5). in group a subjects, ph of plaque did not fall to levels near critical ph (5.5) with any of the test drinks or control. however, in group b children the salivary ph did fall b ...	1993	8040700
chemiluminescent detection of fiji disease virus with biotinylated dna probes.	biotinylated fiji disease fijivirus specific cdna probes detected the presence of the virus in total nucleic acid extracts from infected sugarcane plants. hybridised biotinylated probes were detected with streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate and the light generating substrate amppd. samples were either blotted manually, or by alkaline capillary transfer using 100 mm naoh. transfer of nucleic acids to charge modified nylon with sodium hydroxide was superior to denaturation with glyoxal or ...	1994	8031237
production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in sucrose-utilizing recombinant escherichia coli and klebsiella strains.	the cloned poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (phb) synthesis pathway from alcaligenes eutrophus has been introduced into sucrose-utilizing strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, and klebsiella oxytoca. the plasmid-borne genes were well expressed in these environments and were able to mediate the production of significant amounts of phb when the bacteria were grown with sucrose as the sole carbon source. the molecular weight of the phb polymer made in k. aerogenes and e. coli was approximately 1 ...	1994	8017916
characterization of a low molecular mass autophosphorylating protein in cultured sugarcane cells and its identification as a nucleoside diphosphate kinase.	a low molecular mass (18 kd) phosphoprotein (pp18) was characterized and purified from cultured sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) cell line h50-7209. autophosphorylation assays were used to detect pp18 after separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). only pp18 was detected by a brief in situ phosphorylation method, whereas additional putative protein kinases were detected by an extended method. pp18 was present in both microsomal membrane and soluble f ...	1994	8016268
a gene from alcaligenes denitrificans that confers albicidin resistance by reversible antibiotic binding.	albicidin antibiotics specifically block prokaryote dna replication. the albicidin resistance gene (albb) cloned from a soil isolate of alcaligenes denitrificans encodes a 23 kda protein capable of detoxifying albicidin by reversible binding. this mechanism operates intracellularly to protect dna replication in albicidin-sensitive escherichia coli expressing the cloned resistance gene, which can be induced fivefold in the presence of 1.5 micrograms albicidin ml-1 in the surrounding medium. the c ...	1995	7711894
differentiation of capsular polysaccharides from acetobacter diazotrophicus strains isolated from sugarcane.	capsular polysaccharides (cpss) from six representative strains of acetobacter diazotrophicus were isolated and fractionated by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. purified cpss obtained in the non-adsorbed fraction of a deae-sephadex a-25 column were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for sugar composition. uronic acid and amino sugars were not detected in all purified cpss. basically the cpss of a. diazotrophicus are composed of rhamnose, mannose, galactose and glucose. th ...	1995	7651237
moldy sugarcane poisoning--a case report with a brief review.	a five-year-old girl developed an acute encephalopathy after eating a piece of moldy sugarcane. delayed symptomatic dystonia was the main effect; cranial ct scans revealed bilateral lenticular lucencies. this case is typical of moldy sugarcane poisoning cases previously reported only in china. 3-nitropropionic acid produced by arthrinium sp is the most likely etiologic agent.	1995	7629905
effect of ph, aeration and sucrose feeding on the invertase activity of intact s. cerevisiae cells grown in sugarcane blackstrap molasses.	s. cerevisiae was grown in a blackstrap molasses containing medium in batch and fed-batch cultures. the following parameters were varied: ph (from 4.0 to 6.5), dissolved oxygen (do) (from 0 to 5.0 mg o2 l-1) and sucrose feeding rate. when glucose concentration (s) was higher than 0.5 g l-1 a reduction in the specific invertase activity of intact cells (v) and an oscillatory behavior of v values during fermentation were observed. both the invertase reduction and the oscillatory behavior of v valu ...	1995	7576463
production of fumonisins by fusarium species of taiwan.	twenty-nine fusarium species isolated from various sources in different districts of taiwan were tested for their ability to produce fumonisins in corn cultures. only fusarium moniliforme produced fumonisin b1 (fb1) and fumonisin b2 (fb2). the finding that the other 28 fusarium species produced neither fb1 nor fb2 is preliminary because only one strain per species was studied. the detection of fb1 and fb2 in cultures of f. moniliforme was demonstrated by tlc and hplc, and fb1 was further confirm ...	1995	7566058
consistent striatal damage in rats induced by 3-nitropropionic acid and cultures of arthrinium fungus.	arthrinium fungi were cultivated from the samples of mildewed sugarcane which caused acute encephalopathy and delayed dystonia in children. the arthrinium cultures (ac) contained 5 mg/ml 3-nitropropionic acid (3-npa) after being inactivated and concentrated. a neuropathological study was carried out in rats intoxicated with 3-npa and ac, respectively. consistent bilateral striatal necrosis was found in rats with both poisonings, and the severity was well correlated with persistent recumbency whi ...	1995	7565487
use of sugarcane molasses for culture of clostridium chauvoei.		1995	7548606
phylogenetic classification of phytopathogenic mollicutes by sequence analysis of 16s ribosomal dna.	the phylogenetic relationships of 17 phytopathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms (mlos) representing seven major taxonomic groups established on the basis of mlo 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) restriction patterns were examined by performing a sequence analysis of the 16s rdna gene. the sequence data showed that the mlos which we examined are members of a relatively homogeneous group that evolved monophyletically from a common ancestor. in agreement with results obtained previously with other mlos, our r ...	1994	7520735
expression, purification, and use as an antigen of recombinant sugarcane mosaic virus coat protein.	a high titre (1:10,000) antiserum was raised in a rabbit against the coat protein of sugarcane mosaic potyvirus (scmv), by injecting a preparation of recombinant coat protein purified from a fusion protein expressed in e. coli. the fusion protein consisted of the male maltose binding protein (mbp) and the viral coat protein separated by the protease factor xa cleavage site. the fusion protein was encoded by the plasmid pmal-ccpm, which was constructed by cloning a modified coat protein gene to t ...	1995	7503681
observations on pre-prophase bands of microtubules in uniseriate hairs, stomatal complexes of sugar cane, and cyperus root meristems.	three aspects of the location and properties of pre-prophase bands of microtubules inplant tissues were examined. (i) anatomical locations: pre-prophase bands were found preceding mitosis in the basal meristematic cell of uniseriate hairs in salvinia auriculata and in intercalary dividing cells in the uniseriate hairs of tradescantia stamens. previously they had only been found in 2- or 3-dimensional aggregates of cells. other new locations were tradescantia stamen filaments, and periclinal and ...	1980	7398662
electro-blot radioimmunoassay of virus-infected plant sap - a powerful new technique for detecting plant viruses.	a new technique for detecting viruses in plant sap is described. it consists of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the infected plant sap, electrophoretic transfer of protein bands to activated paper by the electro-blot technique, the subsequent probing of the viral coat protein band by specific antiserum (prepared against intact virus), and detection of immune complex with 125 i-labelled protein a. the technique successfully detected tobacco mosaic virus at a sap dilu ...	1982	7061671
further studies on the use of protein a in immune electron microscopy for detecting virus particles.	the immune electron microscopic technique which involves pre-coating electron microscope grids with protein a before coating them with the specific antiserum, has been found suitable for detecting isometric insect and plant viruses. with the three virus-antibody combinations tested, the optimum antiserum dilution for protein a plus antiserum treatment was found to be 1:100 or less, whereas in the case of grids treated with antiserum alone it ranged from 1:1000 to 1:2000 although the titre of the ...	1980	7014777
an increased risk for lung cancer mortality associated with sugarcane farming.	in a study to determine putative occupation-related factors responsible for the excessive mortality due to lung cancer in southern louisiana, the next-of-kin were interviewed of 284 of 400 persons (71%) randomly sampled from a total of 815 persons who died of lung cancer during 1971 through 1977 and had lived in any of 10 parishes (counties) of southern louisiana. of the decedents, 108 (38%) had been employed for at least 6 months as sugarcane farm workers at some time during their lives. logist ...	1982	6951086
purification and properties of thermostable beta-xylosidase from immature stalks of saccharum officinarum l. (sugar cane).	thermostable beta-xylosidase was purified from immature sugar cane stalks to an electrophoretically homogeneous form by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and p-cellulose columns, heat treatment (70 degrees c, 20 min) and gel filtration on a sephadex g-100 column. the purification was about 165-fold in specific activity with a high recovery of 43%. the apparent molecular weight of the enzyme, as determined by gel filtration, was 62,000. in sds-polyacryl ...	1982	6819293
detection and identification of fiji disease virus in infected sugarcane by immunodiffusion, immuno-osmophoretic and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	radial double-immunodiffusion, immuno-osmophoretic and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) methods have been compared for the detection of fiji disease virus (fdv) in infected sugarcane tissue extracts using an antiserum containing antibodies specific to fdv proteins and ds-rna. elisa was the most sensitive of these tests and detected only fdv-specific proteins byt not ds-rna. immuno-osmophoretic tests were less sensitive than elisa but detected both the protein and ds-rna antigens as dist ...	1981	6795221
identification of metabolites of hexazinone by mass spectrometry.	the metabolites of hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1h,3h)-dione ] obtained in the rat and in plants were identified by mass spectrometry. rat urine metabolites were identified from direct probe spectra obtained on metabolites separated by thin-layer chromatography. sugarcane metabolites were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. the major metabolic routes were found to be hydroxylation of the cyclohexyl group ...	1983	6661503
migration and disease problems: a study of pattern of migration in an endemic area of malaria in thailand.	the preliminary results of a study of rural-rural migration in an endemic area of malaria is reported. the study on socio-economic status of migrant workers was made during the post planting season of sugarcane plantation in tambon nong rhee kanchanaburi province. among 9,311 population in four villages of this tambon, 15.4% were migrants and 45.5% were from the northeast provinces of thailand. almost half of the migrant population came to the area for the first time and stayed for six months mo ...	1983	6612428
detection of double-stranded rna by serologically specific electron microscopy.	details of a procedure for detecting double-stranded rna (dsrna) in virus and viroid infected tissue extracts using serologically specific electron microscopy are given. a method for staining dsrna, based on in situ formation of uranyl phosphate, that consistently permits the examination of dsrna by electron microscopy without shadowing with heavy metals, is described. the method provides for routine assays for dsrna in crude extracts without the variable results associated with shadowing proced ...	1984	6530480
acute and environmental toxicity studies with hexazinone.	the acute toxicity of hexazinone, a herbicide intended for general noncropland areas and selected crop uses (alfalfa and sugarcane), has been evaluated to establish proper handling guidelines and to measure its potential impact on the environment. the material is slightly to moderately toxic when given as a single oral dose; its ld50 in male rats is 1690 mg/kg, in male guinea pigs 860 mg/kg, and in male dogs greater than 3400 mg/kg although in the dog emesis prevented accurate quantitation. when ...	1984	6479506
[isolation, culture and test of the toxicity of toxigenic fungi from mildewed sugarcane].		1984	6442604
purification and properties of alpha-galactosidase from immature stalks of saccharum officinarum (sugar cane).	the immature sugar cane stalks studied contained less than 7% sucrose, and showed the activities of enzymes such as invertase, alpha-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-xylosidase, and beta-galactosidase. the alpha-galactosidase was highly purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on a sephadex g-100 column, ionexchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, and cm-cellulose columns, and heat treatment (60 degrees c, 15 min) in the p ...	1981	6279579
purification and electron microscopy of sugarcane mosaic virus.		1966	5905297
a survey of plants for leaf peroxisomes.	leaves of 10 plant species, 7 with photorespiration (spinach, sunflower, tobacco, pea, wheat, bean, and swiss chard) and 3 without photorespiration (corn, sugarcane, and pigweed), were surveyed for peroxisomes. the distribution pattern for glycolate oxidase, glyoxylate reductase, catalase, and part of the malate dehydrogenase indicated that these enzymes exist together in this organelle. the peroxisomes were isolated at the interface between layers of 1.8 to 2.3 m sucrose by isopycnic nonlinear ...	1969	5775848
differentiation of aerobacter-klebsiella isolated from sugarcane.	three hundred and eighty-four isolates were obtained in the completed test portion of the most probable number determinations of coliforms in sugarcane sources. of these isolates, 88% were of the (- - + +) indole, methyl red, voges-proskauer, citrate (imvic) type and were identified as aerobacter aerogenes according to the protocol of the american public health association (1). employing 359 of these cultures, a comparative biochemical, serological, and pathogenicity study was carried out with k ...	1968	5726159
phenolic content of sugarcane in relation to red rot disease.		1970	5483747
catalase and peroxidase activity in sugarcane infected with sugarcane mosaic virus.		1970	5413808
d-arabitol production by endomycopsis burtonii in sugarcane juice media.		1972	5070708
cellulose fermentation: effect of substrate pretreatment on microbial growth.	the effects of chemical, physical, and enzymatic treatments of rice straw and sugarcane bagasse on the microbial digestibility of cellulose have been investigated. treatment with 4% naoh for 15 min at 100 c increased the digestibility of cellulose from 29.4 to 73%. treatment with 5.2% nh(3) could increase digestibility to 57.0% treatments with sulfuric acid and crude cellulase preparation solubilized cellulose but did not increase the digestibility. grinding or high-pressure cooking of the subst ...	1974	4809907
the helminthosporoside-binding protein of sugarcane. its properties and relationship to susceptibility to the eye spot disease.		1973	4686928
biological ensiling of sugarcane tops. vi. influence of naturally occurring microbial growth-promoting substances in sugarcane tops, malt, and alfalfa.		1974	4609859
[hydrocyanic acid poisoning in cattle caused by grazing on sugar cane (saccharum officinarum) and supplemental feeding of fruits of the algarrobo tree (prosopis juliflora)].		1969	4310389
inhibition of sucrose phosphatase by sucrose.	1. partially purified sucrose phosphatase from immature stem tissue of sugarcane is inhibited by sucrose. the enzyme was also inhibited by maltose, melezitose and 6-kestose but not by eight other sugars, including glucose and fructose. 2. the relative effectiveness of sucrose, maltose and melezitose as inhibitors is different for sucrose phosphatase from different plants. 3. the inhibition of the sugar-cane enzyme by sucrose was shown to be partially competitive. the k(i) for sucrose is about 10 ...	2014	4291490
[influence of ph on the sugarcane mosaic virus].		1971	4261514
biological ensiling of sugarcane tops. vii. isolation and characteristics of lactic acid bacteria.		1974	4215715
evidence for the presence of the toxin-binding protein on the plasma membrane of sugarcane cells.	helminthosporoside is a host-specific toxin produced by helminthosporium sacchari, both in culture and in infected sugarcane tissue. the susceptibility of any given clone of sugarcane to disease is invariably associated with the presence of a toxin-binding protein. this report presents evidence for the presence of the toxin-binding protein on the plasma membrane of the plant cell. this evidence includes, among others: (1) the protection of susceptible plant tissues by prior treatment with antise ...	1974	4208550
effect of glycans of saccharum officinarum on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of rats.	a polysaccharide fraction of saccharum officinarum was tested for its effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in normal rats and those fed a high sugar diet. feeding with the high sugar diet induced an elevation of serum glucose and significant accumulation of lipid peroxides in the serum and liver. the accumulation of lipid peroxides was inhibited by combined feeding with the polysaccharide fraction. pathological examination showed that endothelial cell swelling in ascending aorta was foun ...	1985	4094470
differences in repeated dna sequences between callus and shoot tissue of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l).		1986	3770795
detection of fiji disease virus in infected sugarcane by nucleic acid hybridization.	clones of fiji disease virus were obtained by cdna synthesis from isolated viral genomic double-stranded rna. nick-translated probes made from a mixture of clones specifically detected fiji disease virus in infected sugarcane galls, leaves and growing tips. this method for detection of fiji disease virus is extremely sensitive, and can be used as a rapid screening procedure for the virus with very small tissue samples.	1986	3755138
the use of biotin-conjugated antisera in immunoassays for plant viruses.	biotin-conjugated antisera to two strains of sugarcane mosaic virus and erysimum latent virus were used to detect the viruses in extracts of infected plants. two methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and electroblot immunoassays, were used. the antisera were found to be sufficiently sensitive for detection of the viruses. virus strain specificities observed for the antisera agreed with those found using immunoelectron microscopy and electroblot immunoassay. the sensitivity of biotin conjug ...	1986	3722310
coat protein of potyviruses. 5. symptomatology, serology, and coat protein sequences of three strains of passionfruit woodiness virus.	three strains of passionfruit woodiness virus, tip blight (pwv-tb), severe (pwv-s) and mild (pwv-m), were compared on the basis of their biological, serological and coat protein structural properties. each of the strains could be distinguished on the basis of their reactions on selected test plant species but no differences were observed in the serological properties of the three pwv strains. molecular weight estimates on sds-page suggest the pwv coat protein contains 275 amino acid residues and ...	1988	3202695
effects of neutral detergent fiber and roughage source on dry matter intake and milk yield and composition of dairy cows.	data were from 20 experiments that utilized early to midlactation holstein cows fed complete mixed diets or fed at constant forage:concentrate ratios. within-cow diet comparisons (1688 cow-periods) were analyzed by least squares analysis of variance; mathematical model included experiment, cow in experiment, period, body weight, and source of roughage. objectives were to determine relationships between neutral detergent fiber content of diet and milk yield and dry matter intake. roughages and nu ...	1987	3033038
association of biogenic silica with disease.	certain plants contain structures consisting of biogenic silica. this form of silica has been implicated as a causative agent in the high esophageal cancer areas of southern africa, northeast iran, and northern china. a spicule shape of biogenic silica is known to act as a tumor promoter in the mouse skin model system. the observation that fine biogenic silica fibers are found in leaves of sugarcane may pose a hazard for cane workers; also, the discovery that bracken contains silica fibers could ...	1986	3016670
[investigation on an outbreak of allergic pulmonary alveolitis].	20 allergic alveolitis cases occurred abruptly within 10 days among teachers at a primary school in shanghai. the cases make up 42.6% (20/47) of total staffs of the school. no patient discovered in pupils (137) though they had enough chance to contact with their teachers suffering the disease. roentgenography and clinical findings were criteria of diagnosis. the findings of epidemiologic survey showed that the outbreak was caused by a single exposure of same agent, probably associated with sugar ...	2009	2776192
nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of potato virus yn rna.	the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1611 nucleotides of the genome of the tobacco veinal necrosis strain of potato virus y (pvyn) was determined. the sequence revealed an open reading frame of 1285 nucleotides, of which the start was not identified, and an untranslated region of 316 nucleotides upstream of a poly(a) tract. comparison of the open reading frame with the amino-terminal sequence of the viral coat protein enabled mapping of the start of the coat protein at amino acid -267, and indicated ...	1989	2732687
preliminary characterization of an antibiotic produced by xanthomonas albilineans which inhibits dna synthesis in escherichia coli.	chlorosis-inducing isolates of xanthomonas albilineans, the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen, produced a mixture of antibacterial compounds in culture. the antibiotic mixture, which eluted as a single strongly retarded peak from sephadex lh-20 in methanol, was bactericidal to escherichia coli. inhibition of e. coli was not reversed by added nutrients, and affected cells were not lysed but many accumulated polyphosphate granules. the major antibacterial component, isolated in crystalline form after ...	1985	2410547
detection and typing of maize streak virus and other distantly related geminiviruses of grasses by polymerase chain reaction amplification of a conserved viral sequence.	the application of the polymerase chain reaction dna amplification technique to the detection and typing of isolates of maize streak virus (msv) and other related geminiviruses of grasses is described. the oligonucleotide primers used for amplification were 17-mers which contained a number of degeneracies. an approximately 250 base pair fragment was amplified from all geminivirus-infected grass and cereal samples tested. the amplification reaction was specific, working down to a concentration of ...	1990	2254750
thermophilic streptomyces found in sugarcane environments in jujuy, argentina.	the thermophilic streptomyces strains isolated from: a) airborne dust of bagasse storing area, b) dry sugarcane residues and c) stored sugar manufacture wastes are described. the strains grown at maximal rates at 50 degrees c have a gray shade after 48 h. all the mature spores retain the malachite green stain. they were identified with williams' clusters: s. chromofuscus, s. cyaneus, s. microflavus, s. antibioticus, s. halstedii and s. violaceusniger. the last three clusters coincide with the sp ...	1990	2102012
characterization of the sugarcane streak agent as a distinct geminivirus.	the relationship between maize streak virus and the geminivirus causing streak in sugarcane was investigated. the dna of sugarcane streak virus does not cross-hybridize detectably with that of maize streak virus and vice versa. restriction mapping of native replicative form viral dna (genome size 2.7 kb) and of cloned viral dna, combined with limited sequencing and estimated dna sequence divergence, showed that sugarcane streak virus is as unrelated to maize streak virus and digitaria streak vir ...	1991	2016148
unexpected sequence diversity in the amino-terminal ends of the coat proteins of strains of sugarcane mosaic virus.	the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1343 nucleotides of the sc strain of the sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv-sc) genome was compared with the 1376 nucleotides at the 3' terminus of maize dwarf mosaic virus b (mdmv-b). the scmv-sc sequence includes an open reading frame which codes for the viral coat protein of 313 amino acids (nucleotides 157 to 1116), followed by a 3' non-coding region of 235 nucleotides and a poly(a) tail. the mdmv-b sequence codes for the capsid protein (nucleotides 157 to 1139) of ...	1991	1993866
stability and extractability of double-stranded rna of pangola stunt and sugarcane fiji disease viruses in dried plant tissues.	when leaves infected with pangola stunt virus (pasv) were dried at 23, 37, 50, 70 or 105 degrees c, the dsrna was stable and could be extracted after aerobic storage at room temperature for 1 month, although at 105 degrees c the amount obtained was reduced. the dsrna was also recovered after leaves were freeze dried and stored in vacuo at room temperature for 6 months, or were dried and stored aerobically at room temperature for 10.5 months. dsrna of sugarcane fiji disease virus (fdv) was also s ...	1991	1939508
serotyping and strain identification of maize streak virus isolates.	four strains of maize streak virus, namely the panicum maximum, digitaria setigera and sugarcane strains, have been identified from 19 isolates by elisa using polyclonal antisera cross-absorbed with particles of the maize strain. the results suggest there is an epitope of the maize strain which is not dependent on the capsid being intact and which is common to all the members of the group; other strain-specific epitopes are probably conformation-dependent. a specific epitope (probably internal) ...	1990	1697327
effects of a microbial inoculant and(or) sugarcane molasses on the fermentation, aerobic stability, and digestibility of bermudagrass ensiled at two moisture contents.	tifton 81 bermudagrass was harvested and ensiled either directly (d; 32.4% dm) or wilted (w; 44.1% dm). four treatments applied to each harvesting method were 1) control (c), or no additive; 2) dried cane molasses (m) at 5% of dm; 3) microbial inoculant (i; pioneer 1174); and 4) a combination of treatments 2 and 3 (mi). wilting reduced the rate of decline of silage ph (p = .001) and produced silages with greater lactic acid concentrations (p = .069), lower acetic acid (p = .001) and ammonia cont ...	1991	1661282
effects of isoacids, urea, and sulfur on ruminal fermentation in sheep fed high fiber diets.	the effects of isoacids, urea n, and s on ruminal fermentation of sugarcane bagasse- or corn stover-based diets were studied in sheep. acetate production was taken as a measure of the fermentation rate. for the sugarcane bagasse diet, neither urea nor s supplementation changed ruminal acetate production. when n and s were combined, acetate production was 44% higher (3.16 vs. 2.18 mol/d). similar effects were noted for the corn stover diet. increasing the level of isoacids from .1 to .2 g/kg bw p ...	1991	1655846
transient expression of the coat protein of sugarcane mosaic virus in sugarcane protoplasts and expression in escherichia coli.	the coat protein (cp) of strain sc of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv-sc) was expressed transiently in sugarcane protoplasts after electroporation with one of two plasmids encoding the cp gene. the cp gene was fused with either the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter or the synthetic monocotyledon promoter "emu". the coat protein gene was also inducibly expressed in escherichia coli when fused to the trc promoter. the protein expressed in both systems had the same electrophoretic mobility and ant ...	1992	1642548
nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of potato virus a rna.	the sequence of the 3'-terminal region of the genome of the potato virus a (pva) was obtained from two independent cdna clones. this sequence is 1383 nucleotides long and contains an open reading frame of 1178 nucleotides, ending with the translation termination codon taa and followed by untranslated region of 205 nucleotides. since the n-terminal amino acid of the coat protein of pva was blocked, the position of the putative coat protein cleavage site has been deduced by searching for consensus ...	1992	1604933
genome typing of southern african subgroup 1 geminiviruses.	the relatedness of subgroup 1 geminiviruses from a variety of naturally infected southern african graminaceous hosts was compared by dna cross-hybridization, restriction endonuclease mapping and partial sequencing. cross-hybridization divided the viruses into three groups: those closely related to maize streak virus (msvs), and separate groups comprising a panicum sp. virus (pansv) and two sugarcane viruses (ssvs). restriction mapping and comparisons, and phylogeny reconstructions from map data, ...	1992	1588313