Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| a computational and experimental study of the regulatory mechanisms of the complement system. | the complement system is key to innate immunity and its activation is necessary for the clearance of bacteria and apoptotic cells. however, insufficient or excessive complement activation will lead to immune-related diseases. it is so far unknown how the complement activity is up- or down- regulated and what the associated pathophysiological mechanisms are. to quantitatively understand the modulatory mechanisms of the complement system, we built a computational model involving the enhancement an ... | 2011 | 21283780 |
| use of ompu porins for attachment and invasion of crassostrea gigas immune cells by the oyster pathogen vibrio splendidus. | ompu porins are increasingly recognized as key determinants of pathogenic host vibrio interactions. although mechanisms remain incompletely understood, various species, including the human pathogen vibrio cholera, require ompu for host colonization and virulence. we have shown previously that ompu is essential for virulence in the oyster pathogen vibrio splendidus lgp32. here, we showed that v. splendidus lgp32 invades the oyster immune cells, the hemocytes, through subversion of host-cell actin ... | 2011 | 21282662 |
| pharmacokinetics of solithromycin (cem-101) after single or multiple oral doses and effects of food on single-dose bioavailability in healthy adult subjects. | the pharmacokinetics of orally administered solithromycin (cem-101), a novel fluoroketolide, were evaluated in healthy subjects in three phase 1 studies. in two randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies, escalating single oral doses of solithromycin (50 to 1,600 mg) or seven oral daily doses (200 to 600 mg) of solithromycin were administered. a third study evaluated the effects of food on the bioavailability of single oral doses (400 mg) of solithromycin. following single doses, the ... | 2011 | 21282444 |
| the second rna chaperone, hfq2, is also required for survival under stress and full virulence of burkholderia cenocepacia j2315. | burkholderia cenocepacia j2315 is a highly virulent and epidemic clinical isolate of the b. cepacia complex (bcc), a group of bacteria that have emerged as important pathogens to cystic fibrosis patients. this bacterium, together with all bcc strains and a few other prokaryotes, is unusual for encoding in its genome two distinct and functional hfq-like proteins. in this work, we show results indicating that the 188-amino-acid hfq2 protein is required for the full virulence and stress resistance ... | 2011 | 21278292 |
| immune evasion of moraxella catarrhalis involves ubiquitous surface protein a-dependent c3d binding. | the complement system plays an important role in eliminating invading pathogens. activation of complement results in c3b deposition (opsonization), phagocytosis, anaphylatoxin (c3a, c5a) release, and consequently cell lysis. moraxella catarrhalis is a human respiratory pathogen commonly found in children with otitis media and in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the species has evolved multiple complement evasion strategies, which among others involves the ubiquitous surface pro ... | 2011 | 21270401 |
| comparative analysis and supragenome modeling of twelve moraxella catarrhalis clinical isolates. | m. catarrhalis is a gram-negative, gamma-proteobacterium and an opportunistic human pathogen associated with otitis media (om) and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). with direct and indirect costs for treating these conditions annually exceeding $33 billion in the united states alone, and nearly ubiquitous resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among m. catarrhalis clinical isolates, a greater understanding of this pathogen's genome and its variability among isolates i ... | 2011 | 21269504 |
| comparative analyses of the moraxella catarrhalis type-iv pilus structural subunit pila. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative aerobic diplococcus that is a mucosal pathogen of the upper and lower respiratory tracts in humans. in order to colonize the human host and establish an infection, m. catarrhalis must be able to effectively attach to the respiratory mucosal epithelia. although little is known about m. catarrhalis pathogenesis, our laboratory has previously shown that expression of type iv pili (tfp) contributes to mucosal colonization. tfp are filamentous surface appendag ... | 2011 | 21256201 |
| management with colistin. | 2010 | 21253354 | |
| in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial keratitis isolates in oxford, uk: a 10-year review. | to analyse the spectrum of bacterial keratitis isolates and their in vitro antibiotic susceptibilities over a 10-year period in oxford, uk; and to compare the in vitro efficacy of ciprofloxacin with that of the combination of gentamicin and cefuroxime over the same period. | 2011 | 21252952 |
| nontypeable streptococcus pneumoniae as an otopathogen. | among 34 streptococcus pneumoniae (spn) sequential isolates from middle ear fluid, we found a case of a nontypeable s. pneumoniae (nt-spn) in a child with acute otitis media (aom). the strain was pneumolysin pcr positive and capsule gene pcr negative. virulence of the nt-spn was confirmed in a chinchilla model of aom. | 2011 | 21251566 |
| inhaled innate immune ligands to prevent pneumonia. | epithelial surfaces throughout the body continuously sample and respond to environmental stimuli. the accessibility of lung epithelium to inhaled therapies makes it possible to stimulate local antimicrobial defences with aerosolized innate immune ligands. this strategy has been shown to be effective in preclinical models, as delivery of innate immune ligands to the lungs of laboratory animals results in protection from subsequent challenge with microbial pathogens. survival of the animal host in ... | 2011 | 21250981 |
| the rtxa toxin gene of kingella kingae: a pertinent target for molecular diagnosis of osteoarticular infections. | kingella kingae is an emerging osteoarticular pathogen in young children. its isolation by traditional culture methods remains difficult, underscoring the need to implement other diagnostic methods for its detection and identification, such as nucleic acid amplification tests. although the genome of this bacterium has not yet been sequenced, a toxin named rtx has been identified. the goal of this study was to develop sensitive, specific, and rapid molecular methods based on the rtxa toxin gene s ... | 2011 | 21248099 |
| time-kill activity of the streptogramin nxl 103 against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. | against 33 gram-positive and -negative bacteria, nxl 103 mics were 0.03 to 1 μg/ml. nxl 103 was bactericidal by 12 h at 2 × mic against all 5 pneumococci and at 2 × mic after 24 h against all 5 group a and b β-hemolytic streptococci. nxl 103 was bactericidal against all 8 haemophilus influenzae strains at 2 × mic and all 5 moraxella catarrhalis strains at 4 × mic after 24 h but was mainly bacteriostatic against 5 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains. after the exposure of one stra ... | 2011 | 21245439 |
| up-regulation of muc18 in airway epithelial cells by il-13: implications in bacterial adherence. | airway bacterial infections are a major problem in lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), and cystic fibrosis. increased th2 cytokines, such as il-13, are observed in lung diseases and may contribute to bacterial infections. how th2 cytokines affect bacterial infection remains unknown. muc18, an adhesion molecule shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma, has been recently identified in airway epithelial cells of patients with copd. we ... | 2011 | 21239604 |
| challenges of antibacterial discovery. | the discovery of novel small-molecule antibacterial drugs has been stalled for many years. the purpose of this review is to underscore and illustrate those scientific problems unique to the discovery and optimization of novel antibacterial agents that have adversely affected the output of the effort. the major challenges fall into two areas: (i) proper target selection, particularly the necessity of pursuing molecular targets that are not prone to rapid resistance development, and (ii) improveme ... | 2011 | 21233508 |
| radiological findings in acute haemophilus influenzae pulmonary infection. | background: the aim of this study was to assess pulmonary thin-section ct findings in patients with acute haemophilus influenzae pulmonary infection. methods: thin-section ct scans obtained between january 2004 and march 2009 from 434 patients with acute h. influenzae pulmonary infection were retrospectively evaluated. patients with concurrent infection diseases, including streptococcus pneumoniae (n  =  76), staphylococcus aureus (n  =  58) or multiple pathogens were ... | 2011 | 21224303 |
| divergent mechanisms for passive pneumococcal resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in the presence of haemophilus influenzae. | otitis media, for which antibiotic treatment failure is increasingly common, is a leading pediatric public health problem. | 2011 | 21220774 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of modithromycin, a novel 6,11-bridged bicyclolide, against respiratory pathogens, including macrolide-resistant gram-positive cocci. | the in vitro activities of modithromycin against gram-positive and -negative respiratory pathogens, including macrolide-resistant cocci with different resistance mechanisms, were compared with those of other macrolide and ketolide agents. mics were determined by the broth microdilution method. all 595 test strains used in this study were isolated from japanese medical facilities. the erm (ribosome methylase) and/or mef (efflux pump) gene, which correlated with resistance to erythromycin as well ... | 2011 | 21220534 |
| immunoglobulin responses at the mucosal interface. | mucosal surfaces are colonized by large communities of commensal bacteria and represent the primary site of entry for pathogenic agents. to prevent microbial intrusion, mucosal b cells release large amounts of immunoglobulin (ig) molecules through multiple follicular and extrafollicular pathways. iga is the most abundant antibody isotype in mucosal secretions and owes its success in frontline immunity to its ability to undergo transcytosis across epithelial cells. in addition to translocating ig ... | 2011 | 21219173 |
| phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase activity is critical for initiating the oxidative burst and bacterial destruction during ceacam3-mediated phagocytosis. | carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 (ceacam3) is an immunoglobulin-related receptor expressed on human granulocytes. ceacam3 functions as a single chain phagocytotic receptor recognizing gram-negative bacteria such as neisseria gonorrhoeae, which possess ceacam-binding adhesins on their surface. the cytoplasmic domain of ceacam3 contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (itam)-like sequence that is phosphorylated upon receptor engagement. here we show that ... | 2011 | 21216968 |
| synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 2-thiopyrimidine-4-one analogs as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. | considering that some thiopyrimidines were previously reported as potential therapeutics, the present study achieved novel analogs of bioactive 2-substituted thiopyrimidines-4-(3h)-ones via base catalyzed alkylation reaction of 2-thiouracil using alkyl and aralkyl bromides. the title compounds were 2-(1-butylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5a), 2-(2-butylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5b), 2-(cyclohexylmethylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5c), 2-(benzylthio)pyrimidine-4(3h)-one (5d) and 2-(1-adamantylthio)py ... | 2010 | 21216051 |
| vaccine candidate p6 of nontypable haemophilus influenzae is not a transmembrane protein based on protein structural analysis. | p6 has been a vaccine candidate for nontypable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) based on its location on the outer membrane and immunogenicity. because p6 is attached to the inner peptidoglycan layer of nthi, and is putatively surface exposed, it must be a transmembrane protein. we examined the p6 structure using computational modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. we found that p6 cannot be a transmembrane protein, and therefore may not be surface exposed ... | 2011 | 21215345 |
| are there any differences in clinical and laboratory findings on admission between h1n1 positive and negative patients with flu-like symptoms? | the world health organization alert for the h1n1 influenza pandemic led to the implementation of certain measures regarding admission of patients with flu-like symptoms. all these instructions were adopted by the greek national health system. the aim of this study was to retrospectively examine the characteristics of all subjects admitted to the unit of infectious diseases with symptoms indicating h1n1 infection, and to identify any differences between h1n1 positive or negative patients. patient ... | 2011 | 21214902 |
| the ph-regulated antigen 1 of candida albicans binds the human complement inhibitor c4b-binding protein and mediates fungal complement evasion. | candida albicans binds and utilizes human complement inhibitors, such as c4b-binding protein (c4bp), factor h, and fhl-1 for immune evasion. here, we identify candida ph-regulated antigen 1 (pra1) as the first fungal c4bp-binding protein. recombinant pra1 binds c4bp, as shown by elisa and isothermal titration calorimetry, and the pra1-c4bp interaction is ionic in nature. the pra1 binding domains within c4bp were localized to the complement control protein domain 4 (ccp4), ccp7, and ccp8. c4bp bo ... | 2011 | 21212281 |
| novel method for non-invasive induction of a middle-ear biofilm in the rat. | otitis media and other middle ear diseases are extremely common among all children worldwide. chronic otitis media is strongly associated with the presence of a bacterial middle ear biofilm, which if left untreated, may result in hearing loss or delays in the development of speech and language. many animal models and methods used to study the progression of various middle ear diseases exist. however, there are no reported approaches to biofilm induction in which this infectious process can be in ... | 2011 | 21211589 |
| tissue factor pathway inhibitor and bacterial infection. | see also van den boogaard fe, brands x, schultz mj, levi m, roelofs jjth, van 't veer c, van der poll t. recombinant human tissue factor pathway inhibitor exerts anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects in murine pneumococcal pneumonia. this issue, pp 122-32. | 2011 | 21210950 |
| the blind nasotracheal aspiration method is not a useful tool for pathogen detection of pneumonia in children. | acute lower respiratory infection (alri) is a major cause of hospitalization for children in china, while the etiological diagnosis of alri remains a challenge. this study was performed to evaluate the utility of the blind nasotracheal aspiration (nta) in the pathogen detection in alri through an evaluation of the test's specificity. | 2010 | 21209964 |
| non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae as primary causes of acute otitis media in colombian children: a prospective study. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most frequently encountered bacterial infections in children aged < 5 years; streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae) and non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) are historically identified as primary aom causes. nevertheless, recent data on bacterial pathogens causing aom in latin america are limited. this prospective study aimed to identify and characterize bacterial etiology and serotypes of aom cases including antimicrobial susceptibility in < 5 year ... | 2011 | 21208431 |
| cigarette smoke modulates pge(2) and host defence against moraxella catarrhalis infection in human airway epithelial cells. | airway bacterial infections pose a significant challenge to the management of copd, a disease mainly caused by cigarette smoking. however, the mechanisms of impaired airway mucosal innate immunity against bacteria in copd remain unclear. we examined the effect of cigarette smoke on prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) and downstream epithelial host defence mechanisms including the antimicrobial substance human β-defensin-2 (hbd-2). | 2011 | 21199162 |
| mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in infections of copd patients. | a key characteristic of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is the persistent presence of bacteria in the lower airways. the most commonly isolated bacteria in the lower respiratory tract of copd patients are nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae, with growing evidence of the significance of pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in severe copd disease. this review focuses on the antibiotic resistant mechanisms associate ... | 2011 | 21194403 |
| nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus in healthy preschool children in ujjain, india. | there is increasing evidence that community acquired s. aureus infections are spreading among healthy children. nasal colonization with s. aureus plays pivotal role in the increasing prevalence of resistant community acquired s. aureus infections worldwide. a regular surveillance system is important in ensuring quality of patient care. the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of and the factors associated with nasal carriage of s. aureus and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern among heal ... | 2010 | 21190550 |
| novel bacterial nad+-dependent dna ligase inhibitors with broad-spectrum activity and antibacterial efficacy in vivo. | dna ligases are indispensable enzymes playing a critical role in dna replication, recombination, and repair in all living organisms. bacterial nad+-dependent dna ligase (liga) was evaluated for its potential as a broad-spectrum antibacterial target. a novel class of substituted adenosine analogs was discovered by target-based high-throughput screening (hts), and these compounds were optimized to render them more effective and selective inhibitors of liga. the adenosine analogs inhibited the liga ... | 2010 | 21189350 |
| bacterial conjunctivitis. | what is the best treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis? | 2010 | 21188158 |
| disordered microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract of cigarette smokers. | cigarette smokers have an increased risk of infectious diseases involving the respiratory tract. some effects of smoking on specific respiratory tract bacteria have been described, but the consequences for global airway microbial community composition have not been determined. here, we used culture-independent high-density sequencing to analyze the microbiota from the right and left nasopharynx and oropharynx of 29 smoking and 33 nonsmoking healthy asymptomatic adults to assess microbial composi ... | 2010 | 21188149 |
| reinforcement of epithelial cell adhesion to basement membrane by a bacterial pathogen as a new infectious stratagem. | the intestinal epithelium undergoes a rapid turnover in addition to rapid exfoliation in response to bacterial infection, thus acting as an intrinsic defense against microbial intruders. it has long been questioned how mucosal pathogens can circumvent the intestinal defense systems. our recent discovery of a bacterial ploy used by shigella provided us with fresh insight. shigella delivers ospe via the type iii secretion system during multiplication within epithelial cells. this effector protein ... | 2010 | 21178415 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of tigecycline for treatment of infectious disease. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tigecycline, a newly developed glycylcycline antibiotic, with those of empirical antibiotic regimens which have been reported to possess good efficacy for complicated skin and skin structure infections (csssis), complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais), community-acquired pneumonia (cap), and other infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) or vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre). a meta-analysi ... | 2010 | 21173186 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of tigecycline for treatment of infectious disease. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tigecycline, a newly developed glycylcycline antibiotic, with those of empirical antibiotic regimens which have been reported to possess good efficacy for complicated skin and skin structure infections (csssis), complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciais), community-acquired pneumonia (cap), and other infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) or vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre). a meta-analysi ... | 2010 | 21173186 |
| distribution of genes encoding virulence factors ompb2, ompcd, ompe, β-lactamase and serotype in pathogenic and colonizing strains of moraxella catarrhalis. | a total of 115 moraxella catarrhalis isolates from patients with lower respiratory tract and otorhinolaryngeal infections, as well as healthy carriers, were collected to study the prevalence of outer membrane virulence and resistance encoding genes and lipooligosaccharide (los) serotypes. | 2010 | 21167392 |
| partitioning core and satellite taxa from within cystic fibrosis lung bacterial communities. | cystic fibrosis (cf) patients suffer from chronic bacterial lung infections that lead to death in the majority of cases. the need to maintain lung function in these patients means that characterising these infections is vital. increasingly, culture-independent analyses are expanding the number of bacterial species associated with cf respiratory samples; however, the potential significance of these species is not known. here, we applied ecological statistical tools to such culture-independent dat ... | 2010 | 21151003 |
| partitioning core and satellite taxa from within cystic fibrosis lung bacterial communities. | cystic fibrosis (cf) patients suffer from chronic bacterial lung infections that lead to death in the majority of cases. the need to maintain lung function in these patients means that characterising these infections is vital. increasingly, culture-independent analyses are expanding the number of bacterial species associated with cf respiratory samples; however, the potential significance of these species is not known. here, we applied ecological statistical tools to such culture-independent dat ... | 2010 | 21151003 |
| influenza-associated mortality among children - united states: 2007-2008. | since october 2004, pediatric influenza-associated deaths have been a nationally notifiable condition. to further investigate the bacterial organisms that may have contributed to death, we systematically collected information about bacterial cultures collected at non-sterile sites and about the timing of staphylococcus aureus specimen collection relative to hospital admission. | 2010 | 21138537 |
| influenza-associated mortality among children - united states: 2007-2008. | since october 2004, pediatric influenza-associated deaths have been a nationally notifiable condition. to further investigate the bacterial organisms that may have contributed to death, we systematically collected information about bacterial cultures collected at non-sterile sites and about the timing of staphylococcus aureus specimen collection relative to hospital admission. | 2010 | 21138537 |
| characterization and evaluation of the moraxella catarrhalis oligopeptide permease a as a mucosal vaccine antigen. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common cause of otitis media in children and of lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; therefore, these two groups would benefit from a vaccine to prevent m. catarrhalis infections. a genome mining approach for vaccine antigens identified oligopeptide permease protein a (oppa), an oligopeptide binding protein of an apparent oligopeptide transport system. analysis of the oppa gene by pcr and sequence analysis revealed th ... | 2010 | 21134967 |
| pulmonary thin-section ct findings in acute moraxella catarrhalis pulmonary infection. | objective: moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen in the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the aim of this study was to assess the clinical and pulmonary thin-section ct findings in patients with acute m. catarrhalis pulmonary infection. methods: thin-section ct scans obtained between january 2004 and march 2009 from 292 patients with acute m. catarrhalis pulmonary infection were retrospectively evaluated. clinical and pulmonary ct findings in the patients were asses ... | 2010 | 21123308 |
| antibiotic therapy for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is already the world's fourth most common cause of mortality and likely to become the third in a few year's time. because it is an inflammatory airway disease with altered host immune response, infectious complications are frequent. acute exacerbations of copd (aecopd) significantly worsen the patient's general health, accelerating disability. each exacerbation leads progressively to further deterioration of lung function. among the various causes of ... | 2010 | 21123150 |
| airway mucus function and dysfunction. | 2010 | 21121836 | |
| moraxella catarrhalis - pathogen or commensal? | moraxella catarrhalis is an exclusively human commensal and mucosal pathogen. its role as a disease-causing organism has long been questioned. today, it is recognized as one of the major causes of acute otitis media in children, and its relative frequency of isolation from both the nasopharynx and the middle ear cavity has increased since the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which is associated with a shift in the composition of the nasopharyngeal flora in infants ... | 2011 | 21120723 |
| [sinusitis is common in small children]. | children have air-filled paranasal sinuses from birth. acute sinusitis is common in early childhood and complicates 5-13% of common colds. bacteriology comprises 30% streptococcus pneumoniae, 20% haemophilus influenzae, 20% moraxella catarrhalis. while suppurative complications are rare, there has been an increasing focus on comorbidity affecting the lower airways (asthma). the diagnosis is based on clinical criteria developed through microbiological studies. antibiotic treatment is controversia ... | 2010 | 21118660 |
| nod1 and nod2 regulation of pulmonary innate immunity to legionella pneumophila. | the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (nod1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (nod2), cytoplasmic receptors which detect bacterial cell wall molecules, in pulmonary innate immune responses is poorly understood. we determined that both nod1 and nod2 detect heat-killed legionella and stimulate nf-κb and ifn-β promoter activity using an in vitro luciferase reporter system. we next infected nod1- and nod2-deficient animals with aerosolized legionella pneumophila. at ... | 2010 | 21108472 |
| burkdiff: a real-time pcr allelic discrimination assay for burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei. | a real-time pcr assay, burkdiff, was designed to target a unique conserved region in the b. pseudomallei and b. mallei genomes containing a snp that differentiates the two species. sensitivity and specificity were assessed by screening burkdiff across 469 isolates of b. pseudomallei, 49 isolates of b. mallei, and 390 isolates of clinically relevant non-target species. concordance of results with traditional speciation methods and no cross-reactivity to non-target species show burkdiff is a robus ... | 2010 | 21103048 |
| pharmacokinetics, safety, and biologic effects of azithromycin in extremely preterm infants at risk for ureaplasma colonization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | ureaplasma spp. respiratory tract colonization is a significant risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), a chronic lung disorder in preterm infants. as an initial step preparatory to future clinical trials to evaluate the clinical efficacy of azithromycin to prevent bpd, the authors characterized the pharmacokinetics, safety, and biological effects of a single intravenous dose of azithromycin (10 mg/kg) in preterm neonates (n = 12) 24 to 28 weeks gestation at risk for ureaplasma infecti ... | 2010 | 21098694 |
| pharmacokinetics, safety, and biologic effects of azithromycin in extremely preterm infants at risk for ureaplasma colonization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | ureaplasma spp. respiratory tract colonization is a significant risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), a chronic lung disorder in preterm infants. as an initial step preparatory to future clinical trials to evaluate the clinical efficacy of azithromycin to prevent bpd, the authors characterized the pharmacokinetics, safety, and biological effects of a single intravenous dose of azithromycin (10 mg/kg) in preterm neonates (n = 12) 24 to 28 weeks gestation at risk for ureaplasma infecti ... | 2010 | 21098694 |
| identification of gene products involved in the oxidative stress response of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is subjected to oxidative stress from both internal and environmental sources. a previous study (c. d. pericone, k. overweg, p. w. hermans, and j. n. weiser, infect. immun. 68:3990-3997, 2000) indicated that a wild-type strain of m. catarrhalis was very resistant to killing by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (h₂o₂). the gene encoding oxyr, a lysr family transcriptional regulator, was identified and inactivated in m. catarrhalis strain o35e, resulting in an increase in sensitivi ... | 2010 | 21098105 |
| nitric oxide-sensitive and -insensitive interaction of bacillus subtilis nsrr with a resde-controlled promoter. | nsrr is a nitric oxide (no)-sensitive transcription repressor that controls no metabolism in a wide range of bacteria. in bacillus subtilis, nsrr represses transcription of the nitrite reductase (nasdef) genes that are under positive control of the resd-rese two-component signal transduction system. derepression is achieved by reaction of no with nsrr. unlike some nsrr orthologues that were shown to contain a no-sensitive [2fe-2s] cluster, b. subtilis nsrr, when purified anaerobically either fro ... | 2010 | 21091510 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of doripenem against clinical isolates from french teaching hospitals: proposition of zone diameter breakpoints. | the aims of the study were to determine the in vitro activity of doripenem, a new carbapenem, against a large number of bacterial pathogens and to propose zone diameter breakpoints for clinical categorization in france according to the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) breakpoints. the mics of doripenem were determined by the broth microdilution method against 1,547 clinical isolates from eight french hospitals. the disk di ... | 2010 | 21088861 |
| orbital cellulitis and abscess. | 2010 | 21079719 | |
| effect of apolactoferrin on experimental pneumococcal otitis media. | to find the effect of apolactoferrin administration on the middle and inner ears after experimentally induced pneumococcal otitis media. | 2010 | 21079169 |
| ceftaroline fosamil: a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | ceftaroline fosamil is a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against drug-resistant grampositive pathogens such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. at the same time, its gramnegative spectrum of coverage includes common respiratory pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, as well as wild-type enterobacteriaceae. in vivo efficacy for the treatment of experimental endocarditis, pneumonia, ... | 2010 | 21076711 |
| do ribosomopathies explain some cases of common variable immunodeficiency? | the considerable clinical heterogeneity of patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders (cvid) shares some similarity with bone-marrow failure disorders such as diamond-blackfan anaemia (dba) and shwachman-diamond syndrome (sds), now recognized as defects in ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathies. the recognition of a patient with dba who subsequently developed cvid lends support to our previous finding of a heterozygous mutation in the sbds gene of sbds in another cvid patient, sugg ... | 2010 | 21062271 |
| molecular analysis improves pathogen identification and epidemiologic study of pediatric parapneumonic empyema. | parapneumonic empyema (ppe) is an increasingly common complication of bacterial pneumonia. epidemiologic study is complicated by the low frequency of positive cultures. we sought to describe the epidemiology of ppe in children using molecular analysis of pleural fluid. | 2011 | 21057372 |
| clinical features and outcome of patients with irak-4 and myd88 deficiency. | autosomal recessive interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (irak)-4 and myeloid differentiation factor (myd)88 deficiencies impair toll-like receptor (tlr)- and interleukin-1 receptor-mediated immunity. we documented the clinical features and outcome of 48 patients with irak-4 deficiency and 12 patients with myd88 deficiency, from 37 kindreds in 15 countries.the clinical features of irak-4 and myd88 deficiency were indistinguishable. there were no severe viral, parasitic, and fungal diseases, ... | 2010 | 21057262 |
| novel hybrids of 15-membered 8a- and 9a-azahomoerythromycin a ketolides and quinolones as potent antibacterials. | a series of novel 6-o-substituted and 6,12-di-o-substituted 8a-aza-8a-homoerythromycin a and 9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin a ketolides were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against a panel of representative erythromycin-susceptible and erythromycin-resistant test strains. another series of ketolides based on 14-membered erythromycin oxime scaffold was also synthesized and their antibacterial activity compared to those of 15-membered azahomoerythromycin analogues. in gen ... | 2010 | 21055953 |
| 2-aminoacetophenone as a potential breath biomarker for pseudomonas aeruginosa in the cystic fibrosis lung. | pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are associated with progressive life threatening decline of lung function in cystic fibrosis sufferers. growth of ps. aeruginosa releases a "grape-like" odour that has been identified as the microbial volatile organic compound 2-aminoacetophenone (2-aa). | 2010 | 21054900 |
| splunc1 regulation in airway epithelial cells: role of toll-like receptor 2 signaling. | respiratory infections including mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) contribute to various chronic lung diseases. we have shown that mouse short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (splunc1) protein was able to inhibit mp growth. further, airway epithelial cells increased splunc1 expression upon mp infection. however, the mechanisms underlying splunc1 regulation remain unknown. in the current study, we investigated if splunc1 production following mp infection is regulated through toll-like recepto ... | 2010 | 21054862 |
| innate signaling in otitis media: pathogenesis and recovery. | otitis media (om) is the most prevalent childhood disease in developed countries. involvement of innate immunity mediated by toll-like receptors (tlrs) in om has been implicated primarily in cell lines and by association studies of innate immune gene polymorphisms with om prevalence. however, the precise role of innate immunity in om is incompletely understood. we review recent research that has advanced our understanding of how innate immunity in the middle ear is mediated by the interaction of ... | 2011 | 21049294 |
| innate signaling in otitis media: pathogenesis and recovery. | otitis media (om) is the most prevalent childhood disease in developed countries. involvement of innate immunity mediated by toll-like receptors (tlrs) in om has been implicated primarily in cell lines and by association studies of innate immune gene polymorphisms with om prevalence. however, the precise role of innate immunity in om is incompletely understood. we review recent research that has advanced our understanding of how innate immunity in the middle ear is mediated by the interaction of ... | 2011 | 21049294 |
| multicomponent moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane vesicles induce an inflammatory response and are internalized by human epithelial cells. | moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging human respiratory pathogen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and in children with acute otitis media. the specific secretion machinery known as outer membrane vesicles (omvs) is a mechanism by which gram-negative pathogens interact with host cells during infection. we identified 57 proteins in m. catarrhalis omvs using a proteomics approach combining two-dimensional sds-page and maldi-tof mass spectrometry analysis. the omvs contai ... | 2010 | 21044239 |
| in vitro activity of ceftaroline against a broad spectrum of recent clinical anaerobic isolates. | the in vitro activity of ceftaroline was compared with those of ceftriaxone, clindamycin, imipenem, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, tigecycline, and vancomycin against 514 clinical anaerobic isolates using clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) standard methodology. ceftaroline demonstrated good to excellent activity against gram-positive anaerobic pathogens and limited activity against gram-negative pathogens, particularly bacteroides fragilis group isolates. | 2010 | 21041506 |
| in vitro activity of ceftaroline against a broad spectrum of recent clinical anaerobic isolates. | the in vitro activity of ceftaroline was compared with those of ceftriaxone, clindamycin, imipenem, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, tigecycline, and vancomycin against 514 clinical anaerobic isolates using clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) standard methodology. ceftaroline demonstrated good to excellent activity against gram-positive anaerobic pathogens and limited activity against gram-negative pathogens, particularly bacteroides fragilis group isolates. | 2010 | 21041506 |
| antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antileishmanial activities of mono- and bis-quaternary pyridinium compounds. | pyridinium-based oxime compounds have been utilized worldwide as antidotes following exposure to anticholinesterase agents. in the event of combined chemical and biological incident, it is of vital importance to know the ability of antidotes to provide additional protection against biological threats. this paper reports results of in vitro antimicrobial and antiprotozoal activities of a series of quaternary pyridinium oximes against a number of lower pathogenicity bsl-1 and 2 agents. in general, ... | 2010 | 21040494 |
| developments in the field of allergy in 2009 through the eyes of clinical and experimental allergy. | in 2009 the journal published in the region of 200 papers including reviews, editorials, opinion pieces and original papers that ran the full gamut of allergic disease. it is instructive to take stock of this output to determine patterns of interest and where the cutting edge lies. we have surveyed the field of allergic disease as seen through the pages of clinical and experimental allergy (cea) highlighting trends, emphasizing notable observations and placing discoveries in the context of other ... | 2010 | 21039970 |
| adhesive activity of the haemophilus cryptic genospecies cha autotransporter is modulated by variation in tandem peptide repeats. | the haemophilus cryptic genospecies is an important cause of maternal genital tract and neonatal systemic infections and initiates infection by colonizing the genital or respiratory epithelium. in recent work, we identified a unique haemophilus cryptic genospecies protein called cha, which mediates efficient adherence to genital and respiratory epithelia. the cha adhesin belongs to the trimeric autotransporter family and contains an n-terminal signal peptide, an internal passenger domain that ha ... | 2010 | 21037000 |
| adhesive activity of the haemophilus cryptic genospecies cha autotransporter is modulated by variation in tandem peptide repeats. | the haemophilus cryptic genospecies is an important cause of maternal genital tract and neonatal systemic infections and initiates infection by colonizing the genital or respiratory epithelium. in recent work, we identified a unique haemophilus cryptic genospecies protein called cha, which mediates efficient adherence to genital and respiratory epithelia. the cha adhesin belongs to the trimeric autotransporter family and contains an n-terminal signal peptide, an internal passenger domain that ha ... | 2010 | 21037000 |
| procalcitonin and c-reactive protein in hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia or exacerbation of asthma or copd. | antibiotic overuse in respiratory illness is common and is associated with drug resistance and hospital-acquired infection. biomarkers that can identify bacterial infections may reduce antibiotic prescription. we aimed to compare the usefulness of the biomarkers procalcitonin and c-reactive protein (crp) in patients with pneumonia or exacerbations of asthma or copd. | 2010 | 21030489 |
| procalcitonin and c-reactive protein in hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia or exacerbation of asthma or copd. | antibiotic overuse in respiratory illness is common and is associated with drug resistance and hospital-acquired infection. biomarkers that can identify bacterial infections may reduce antibiotic prescription. we aimed to compare the usefulness of the biomarkers procalcitonin and c-reactive protein (crp) in patients with pneumonia or exacerbations of asthma or copd. | 2010 | 21030489 |
| bacterial infections and pediatric asthma. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis seem to have no role in asthma in children. mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophila pneumoniae can induce wheezing and cause asthma exacerbations in children, and chronic chlamydophila infections may even participate in asthma pathogenesis. however, studies have failed to show any benefits from antibiotics for incipient or stable pediatric asthma, as well as for asthma exacerbations in children. exposure to antibiotics in ... | 2010 | 21029939 |
| selective decontamination of the digestive tract reduces pneumonia and mortality. | selective decontamination of the digestive tract (sdd) has been subject of numerous randomized controlled trials in critically ill patients. almost all clinical trials showed sdd to prevent pneumonia. nevertheless, sdd has remained a controversial strategy. one reason for why clinicians remained reluctant to implement sdd into daily practice could be that mortality was reduced in only 2 trials. another reason could be the heterogeneity of trials of sdd. indeed, many different prophylactic antimi ... | 2010 | 20981328 |
| topical ciprofloxacin is superior to topical saline and systemic antibiotics in the treatment of tympanostomy tube otorrhea in children: the results of a randomized clinical trial. | to compare the clinical failure rates among children with otorrhea through tympanostomy tubes treated with topical or systemic antibiotics versus topical saline. | 2010 | 20979100 |
| differences in nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in preschool children from different socio-economic origins. | clin microbiol infect abstract: a prospective cohort study of preschool healthy children (3-6 years old) from two distinct socio-economic settings in the brussels area, belgium, was conducted during the years 2006-2008. the objectives were to evaluate nasopharyngeal colonization by streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae at the time of pcv7 vaccine introduction and to assess the socio-economic level impact on flora composition and antibio ... | 2010 | 20977542 |
| [evaluation of the safety and efficacy of cefditoren pivoxil fine granules for pediatric use in pediatric patients with acute otitis media]. | a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of acute otitis media in children, in view of the causative organisms of the disease and their drug susceptibility, was issued in march 2006. in the guideline, cefditoren pivoxil (cdtr-pi, meiact ms fine granules 10% for pediatric use) is recommended as an oral cephem antibiotic for the treatment of the disease. to collect information on the appropriate use of the drug in the clinical setting after issuance of the guideline, we condu ... | 2010 | 20976878 |
| mapping of the neisseria meningitidis nada cell-binding site: relevance of predicted {alpha}-helices in the nh2-terminal and dimeric coiled-coil regions. | nada is a trimeric autotransporter protein of neisseria meningitidis belonging to the group of oligomeric coiled-coil adhesins. it is implicated in the colonization of the human upper respiratory tract by hypervirulent serogroup b n. meningitidis strains and is part of a multiantigen anti-serogroup b vaccine. structure prediction indicates that nada is made by a cooh-terminal membrane anchor (also necessary for autotranslocation to the bacterial surface), an intermediate elongated coiled-coil-ri ... | 2010 | 20971901 |
| mapping of the neisseria meningitidis nada cell-binding site: relevance of predicted {alpha}-helices in the nh2-terminal and dimeric coiled-coil regions. | nada is a trimeric autotransporter protein of neisseria meningitidis belonging to the group of oligomeric coiled-coil adhesins. it is implicated in the colonization of the human upper respiratory tract by hypervirulent serogroup b n. meningitidis strains and is part of a multiantigen anti-serogroup b vaccine. structure prediction indicates that nada is made by a cooh-terminal membrane anchor (also necessary for autotranslocation to the bacterial surface), an intermediate elongated coiled-coil-ri ... | 2010 | 20971901 |
| epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens in children and adults: cross-sectional surveys in a population with high rates of pneumococcal disease. | to determine the prevalence of carriage of respiratory bacterial pathogens, and the risk factors for and serotype distribution of pneumococcal carriage in an australian aboriginal population. | 2010 | 20969800 |
| molecular probes for diagnosis of clinically relevant bacterial infections in blood cultures. | broad-range real-time pcr and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene region is a widely known method for the detection and identification of bacteria in clinical samples. however, because of the need for sequencing, such identification of bacteria is time-consuming. the aim of our study was to develop a more rapid 16s real-time pcr-based identification assay using species- or genus-specific probes. the gram-negative bacteria were divided into pseudomonas species, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia col ... | 2010 | 20962139 |
| potential of ceragenin csa-13 and its mixture with pluronic f-127 as treatment of topical bacterial infections. | ceragenin csa-13 is a synthetic mimic of cationic antibacterial peptides, with facial amphiphilic morphology reproduced using a cholic acid scaffold. previous data have shown that this molecule displays broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, which decreases in the presence of blood plasma. however, at higher concentrations, csa-13 can cause lysis of erythrocytes. this study was designed to assess in vitro antibacterial and haemolytic activity of csa-13 in the presence of pluronic f-127. | 2010 | 20961363 |
| potential of ceragenin csa-13 and its mixture with pluronic f-127 as treatment of topical bacterial infections. | ceragenin csa-13 is a synthetic mimic of cationic antibacterial peptides, with facial amphiphilic morphology reproduced using a cholic acid scaffold. previous data have shown that this molecule displays broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, which decreases in the presence of blood plasma. however, at higher concentrations, csa-13 can cause lysis of erythrocytes. this study was designed to assess in vitro antibacterial and haemolytic activity of csa-13 in the presence of pluronic f-127. | 2010 | 20961363 |
| resistance and the management of complicated skin and skin structure infections: the role of ceftobiprole. | antimicrobial resistant bacteria are an increasing concern due to the resulting increase in morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs associated with the administration of inadequate or delayed antimicrobial therapy. the implications of inadequate antimicrobial therapy in complicated skin and skin structure infections (csssis) have gained more attention recently, most likely due to the recent emergence of community-acquired methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and the already hig ... | 2010 | 20957140 |
| microbes responsible for acute exacerbation of copd. | this study was designed to find out the microbes responsible for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). this study was carried out in the national institute of diseases of the chest & hospital (nidch), dhaka during the period of january 2003 to december 2003. the study was a prospective case control study. there were 88 male and 2 female patients. the majority of the study subjects fell within the range of 50-70 years. all were smokers. 30 stable copd patients were t ... | 2010 | 20956903 |
| molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis: functional analysis of gyra mutation at position 74. | a pcr-sequencing assay was evaluated for direct detection of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr) of gyrase a (gyra) gene in fluoroquinolone-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens. as determined by gyra qrdr analysis, complete concordance of genotypic and phenotypic fluoroquinolone resistance was demonstrated. our results indicate that the assay is a rapid and reliable method for the diagnosis of fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis, facilitati ... | 2010 | 20956608 |
| molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis: functional analysis of gyra mutation at position 74. | a pcr-sequencing assay was evaluated for direct detection of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr) of gyrase a (gyra) gene in fluoroquinolone-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens. as determined by gyra qrdr analysis, complete concordance of genotypic and phenotypic fluoroquinolone resistance was demonstrated. our results indicate that the assay is a rapid and reliable method for the diagnosis of fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis, facilitati ... | 2010 | 20956608 |
| interspecies bacterial communication as a target for therapy in otitis media. | 2010 | 20954869 | |
| etiology and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of community-acquired bacterial ocular infections in a tertiary eye care hospital in south india. | to identify the etiology, incidence and prevalence of ocular bacterial infections, and to assess the in vitro susceptibility of these ocular bacterial isolates to commonly used antibiotics. | 2010 | 20952834 |
| antimicrobial activity of doripenem and other carbapenems against gram-negative pathogens from korea. | a total of 950 gram-negative bacterial isolates from patients with bacteremia and urinary tract infections were collected from tertiary-care hospitals in korea. in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution test according to clinical and laboratory standards institute protocol. in general, carbapenems such as doripenem, imipenem, and meropenem were very active against enterobacteriaceae, moraxella catarrhalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter sp. ... | 2010 | 20950191 |
| the multifunctional host defense peptide splunc1 is critical for homeostasis of the mammalian upper airway. | otitis media (om) is a highly prevalent pediatric disease caused by normal flora of the nasopharynx that ascend the eustachian tube and enter the middle ear. as om is a disease of opportunity, it is critical to gain an increased understanding of immune system components that are operational in the upper airway and aid in prevention of this disease. splunc1 is an antimicrobial host defense peptide that is hypothesized to contribute to the health of the airway both through bactericidal and non-bac ... | 2010 | 20949060 |
| nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization during the first wheezing episode is associated with longer duration of hospitalization and higher risk of relapse in young children. | the purpose of this study was to examine the association between bacterial colonization/infection and respiratory outcomes in children younger than 3 years old who were hospitalized for their first wheezing episode. this was an observational study. the primary outcome was hospitalization time and the secondary outcomes included relapses within 2 months and time to recurrent wheezing (i.e. three physician confirmed wheezing episodes) within 12 months. bacterial antibody assays for streptococcus p ... | 2010 | 20938703 |
| prolonged use of ertapenem to treat infected diabetic foot ulcers. | we present the case of a diabetic man who was successfully treated with ertapenem for over 4 months for severe infection of his foot ulcers. after initial unsuccessful treatment with empirical intravenous antibiotics, ertapenem was started on microbiology advice and led to a marked improvement in the soft-tissue infection. ertapenem was continued for a total of 137 days under close clinical and biochemical monitoring and produced a complete resolution of the foot infection. this is the first doc ... | 2010 | 20936155 |
| nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients. | the care of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (icu) is a primary component of modern medicine. icus create potential for recovery in patients who otherwise may not have survived. however, they may suffer from problems associated with of nosocomial infections. nosocomial infections are those which manifest in patients 48 hours after admission to hospital. nosocomial infections are directly related to diagnostic, interventional or therapeutic procedures a patient undergoes in hosp ... | 2010 | 20931034 |
| infections of people with complement deficiencies and patients who have undergone splenectomy. | the complement system comprises several fluid-phase and membrane-associated proteins. under physiological conditions, activation of the fluid-phase components of complement is maintained under tight control and complement activation occurs primarily on surfaces recognized as "nonself" in an attempt to minimize damage to bystander host cells. membrane complement components act to limit complement activation on host cells or to facilitate uptake of antigens or microbes "tagged" with complement fra ... | 2010 | 20930072 |
| serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 variations in young children with acute otitis media. | acute otitis media (aom) is an inflammatory reaction in the middle ear, most often occurring in young children. streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the most common bacteria isolated. intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1) is involved in the innate immune response to infection by microorganisms, in effective antigen presentation, and in subsequent t-cell activation. here we prospectively studied levels of serum soluble icam-1 (sicam-1) b ... | 2010 | 20926702 |
| development and characterization of protective haemophilus parasuis subunit vaccines based on native proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin and comparison with other subunit and commercial vaccines. | haemophilus parasuis is the agent responsible for causing glässer's disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis in pigs. in this study, we have characterized native outer membrane proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin (npapt) from h. parasuis serovar 5, nagasaki strain. this pool of proteins was used as antigen to developed two vaccine formulations: one was adjuvanted with a mineral oil (montanide ims 2215 vg pr), while the other was potentia ... | 2010 | 20926701 |