Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis a among blood donors in qazvin, central iran. | introduction: the hepatitis a virus (hav) is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries. althrough children aged 5-14 years are the most infected age group, all age groups are equally affected in an hav epidemic. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and related risk factors of hav among blood donors in qazvin, central iran. methods: a cross-sectional study was performed in april 2008 on a total of 351 blood donors aged 17 to 60 years. information on demogr ... | 2011 | 21373737 |
| impact of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection on hiv viral load in hiv-infected patients and influence of hiv infection on acute hav infection. | to assess the effect of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection on hiv viral load (vl) and the influence of hiv on the clinical expression of hav infection. | 2011 | 21368013 |
| inactivation of hepatitis a virus and norovirus surrogate in suspension and on food-contact surfaces using pulsed uv light (pulsed light inactivation of food-borne viruses). | this study was conducted to evaluate the inactivation of murine norovirus (mnv-1) and hepatitis a virus (hav) by pulsed ultraviolet (uv) light. mnv-1 was used as a model for human norovirus. viral suspensions of about 10(6) pfu/ml were exposed to pulses of uv light for different times and at different distances in a xenon steripulse device (model rs-3000c). inactivation studies were also carried out on 1-cm(2) stainless steel and polyvinyl chloride disks with 10(5) pfu/ml. inactivation of mnv-1 ... | 2010 | 21356466 |
| [new guidelines for investigating and evaluating the virucidal activity of disinfectants]. | the diversity of viruses that cause human infectious diseases and problems in culturing some of them, such as hepatitis a, b, and c viruses and hiv, necessitate a search for test viruses that are closely resistant to disinfectants. the early methodical documents and the new one "guidelines for investigating and evaluating the virucidal activity of disinfectants" (my 3.5.2431-08) include poliovirus (vaccine strain) as one of the test viruses. adenovirus and thermoresistant parvovirus are addition ... | 2010 | 21344697 |
| fulminant hepatitis and glomerulonephritis-a rare presentation of hepatitis a virus infection. | aim: we report a case of fulminant hepatitis and glomerulonephritis by hepatitis a virus infection. methods: we observed the patient's clinical course and analyzed his data retrospectively. results: the three-year-old boy presented with features of acute renal failure and stage 2 hepatic encephalopathy. renal biopsy showed diffuse mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with immunoglobulin m and complement 3 deposition. after receiving supportive treatment for over 6 weeks, the hepatic and r ... | 2011 | 21342254 |
| a polymorphism in tim1 is associated with susceptibility to severe hepatitis a virus infection in humans. | during infection with the hepatitis a virus (hav), most patients develop mild or asymptomatic disease. however, a small number of patients develop serious, life-threatening hepatitis. we investigated this variability in disease severity by examining 30 argentinean patients with hav-induced acute liver failure in a case-control, cross-sectional, observational study. we found that hav-induced severe liver disease was associated with a 6-amino-acid insertion in tim1/havcr1 (157insmtttvp), the gene ... | 2011 | 21339644 |
| genetic control of hepatitis a severity and susceptibility to allergy. | hepatitis a virus (hav) usually results in asymptomatic infection or mild disease, but in a small subset of patients it can lead to severe disease and even liver failure. in this issue of the jci, kim et al. identify a polymorphism associated with this increased disease risk in the gene that encodes the hav receptor--tim1. importantly, this tim1 gene polymorphism protects from the development of atopic diseases in hav-seropositive individuals. | 2011 | 21339636 |
| hepatitis a - prevention in travellers. | hepatitis a is the second most common vaccine preventable infection in travellers. highly effective vaccines exist for its prevention for travellers from 12 months of age, including last minute travellers and those in special risk groups. | 2010 | 21301672 |
| a detailed comparative analysis on the overall codon usage patterns in hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a hepatotropic member of the family picornaviridae. hav has several unique biological characteristics that distinguish it from other members of this family. recent and previous studies revealed that codon usage plays a key role in hav replication and evolution. in this study, the patterns of synonymous codon usage in hav have been studied through multivariate statistical methods on 30 complete open reading frames (orfs) from the available 30 full-length hav sequences. ... | 2011 | 21296111 |
| hepatitis a, b and nanb: the viruses and their prevention. | three viruses commonly infect the liver: hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and the virus(es) responsible for non a non b hepatitis (nanb). hav infection occurs predominantly by the fecal-oral route and thus is more common in areas where living conditions are poor and personal hygiene suboptimal. immune serum globulin (isg) prevents this form of hepatitis. hbv infection can be spread by either parenteral (e.g. drug abuse) or non-parenteral (e.g. intimate contact) routes. high risk, ... | 1985 | 21279152 |
| meeting vaccination quality measures for hepatitis a and b virus in patients with chronic hepatitis c infection. | coinfection with hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. the center for medicare and medicaid services has identified hav and hbv vaccination as a priority area for quality measurement in hcv. it is unclear to what extent patients with hcv meet these recommendations. we used national data from the department of veterans affairs hcv clinical case registry to evaluate the prevalence an ... | 2010 | 21254161 |
| seroprevalence of anti-hav among patients with chronic viral liver disease. | to investigate the current seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies in patients with chronic viral liver disease in korea. we also tried to identify the factors affecting the prevalence of hav antibodies. | 2011 | 21245998 |
| picornavirus non-structural proteins as targets for new anti-virals with broad activity. | picornaviridae is one of the largest viral families and is composed of 14 genera, six of which include human pathogens. the best known picornaviruses are enteroviruses (including polio, pv, and rhinoviruses), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), and hepatitis a virus (hav). although infections often are mild, certain strains may cause pandemic outbreaks accompanied with meningitis and/or paralysis. vaccines are available for pv, hav and fmdv. when the oral vaccines are given to immunocompromised ... | 2011 | 21236302 |
| changing risk profile of hepatitis a in the netherlands: a comparison of seroprevalence in 1995-1996 and 2006-2007. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) was assessed in a nationwide sample (n=6229) in the netherlands in 2006-2007, and compared to the seroprevalence in a similar study in 1995-1996 (n=7376). the overall seroprevalence increased from 34% in 1995-1996 to 39% in 2006-2007, mainly due to vaccination of travellers and an increased immigrant population. risk factors remain travelling to, and originating from, endemic regions, and vaccination is targeted currently at these risk grou ... | 2011 | 21226987 |
| effects of an oxidative agent and lectins on the binding inhibition of recombinant hepatitis a virus proteins to oyster digestive tissues. | while the exact mechanism of hepatitis a virus (hav) accumulation remains unclear, it has been demonstrated that viruses related to shellfish-borne gastroenteritis can bind to carbohydrates of oyster tissues. we investigated carbohydrate-binding sites to determine if they were related to the binding of hav to carbohydrate moieties on oyster digestive tissues (dts) using recombinant hav proteins (rhavps). in addition, we evaluated lectins to determine if they influenced the inhibition of binding ... | 2011 | 21219781 |
| the use of bovine serum albumin to improve the rt-qpcr detection of foodborne viruses rinsed from vegetable surfaces. | to demonstrate that produce rinsates used for rt-qpcr detection of foodborne viruses may cause significant pcr inhibition and propose a means to reduce its impact on sensitivity. | 2011 | 21219370 |
| recombination in hepatitis a virus: evidence for reproductive isolation of genotypes. | this study analysed phylogenetic evidence of recombination in sequences of hepatitis a virus (hav) available in international databases. isolation of distinct recombinant hav strains has been reported previously; however, the prevalence of natural recombination and its role in hav genetics remains obscure. analysis of full genome sequences revealed evidence of common intratypic recombination among the most prevalent subtypes, ia and iiia. many of the available complete sequences of these genotyp ... | 2011 | 21216988 |
| analysis of 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a viral rna genotype i from south korea: comparison with disease severities. | the aim of the study was to analyze genotype i hepatitis a virus (hav) 5' nontranslated region (ntr) sequences from a recent outbreak in south korea and compare them with reported sequences from japan. we collected a total of 54 acute hepatitis a patients' sera from hav genotype i [27 severe disease (prothrombin time inr ≥ 1.50) and 27 mild hepatitis (prothrombin time inr <1.00)], performed nested rt-pcr of 5' ntr of hav directly sequenced from pcr products (∼ 300 bp), and compared them with eac ... | 2010 | 21203430 |
| the use of dried blood spots for assessing antibody response to hepatitis a virus after natural infection and vaccination. | during recent years, vaccination against hepatitis a has been implemented in several countries. it is expected that the increase in mass vaccination against hepatitis a will eventually result in a decreased prevalence of anti-hav antibodies in the general population. for this reason, a suitable clinical sample for diagnosis of hepatitis a must be sufficiently sensitive to enable detection of lower antibodies titers. in this study, the feasibility of using dried blood spots (dbs) was assessed for ... | 2011 | 21181914 |
| hepatitis a viral load in relation to severity of the infection. | a correlation between hepatitis a virus (hav) genomes and the clinical severity of hepatitis a has not been established. the viral load in sera of hepatitis a patients was examined to determine the possible association between hepatitis a severity and hav replication. one hundred sixty-four serum samples from 91 japanese patients with sporadic hepatitis a, comprising 11 patients with fulminant hepatitis, 10 with severe acute hepatitis, and 70 with self-limited acute hepatitis, were tested for ha ... | 2011 | 21181913 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection among schoolchildren in taiwan. | taiwan was a hyperendemic area for hepatitis a virus (hav) infection before 1980. the aim of this study was to examine the association between seropositivity of antibodies against hav (anti-hav) by a community-based survey. school children from 10 elementary and 3 junior high schools, as well as staff members who worked at the above schools in central taiwan were selected at random in this study. anti-hav was tested in sera of 1,954 healthy schoolchildren (aged 7-15 years old) and 254 teachers b ... | 2011 | 21181912 |
| intractable recurrent hepatitis a virus infection requiring repeated liver transplantation: a case report. | although hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is usually self-limited, it may induce fulminant hepatitis. we present an unusual case of a 40-year-old, otherwise healthy man with intractable recurrent hav infection requiring retransplantation after primary liver transplantation for hav-associated fulminant liver failure. after the first living-donor liver transplantation, allograft function recovered uneventfully; however, beginning at 35 days, his serum total bilirubin concentration increased, reac ... | 2010 | 21168755 |
| meeting vaccination quality measures for hepatitis a and b virus in patients with chronic hepatitis c infection. | coinfection with hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. the center for medicare and medicaid services has identified hav and hbv vaccination as a priority area for quality measurement in hcv. it is unclear to what extent patients with hcv meet these recommendations. we used national data from the department of veterans affairs hcv clinical case registry to evaluate the prevalence an ... | 2010 | 21157783 |
| what factors determine the severity of hepatitis a-related acute liver failure? | summary. the reason(s) that hepatitis a virus (hav) infection may progress infrequently to acute liver failure are poorly understood. we examined host and viral factors in 29 consecutive adult patients with hav-associated acute liver failure enrolled at 10 sites participating in the us alf study group. eighteen of twenty-four acute liver failure sera were pcr positive while six had no detectable virus. hav genotype was determined using phylogenetic analysis and the full-length genome sequences ... | 2010 | 21143345 |
| prevalence of nucleic acid sequences specific for human parvoviruses, hepatitis a and hepatitis e viruses in coagulation factor concentrates. | due to their high resistance to inactivation procedures, nonenveloped viruses such as parvovirus b19, human bocavirus (hbov), human parvovirus 4 (parv4), hepatitis a (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) pose a particular threat to blood products. virus transmission to patients treated with blood products presents an additional burden to disease. we determined the frequency and the amount of nucleic acid specific for nonenveloped viruses in recently manufactured preparations of commercial coagulatio ... | 2010 | 21133933 |
| simultaneous recovery of bacteria and viruses from contaminated water and spinach by a filtration method. | water and leafy vegetables eaten fresh are increasingly reported as being involved in food-borne illness cases. the pathogenic agents responsible for these infections are mainly bacteria and viruses and are present in very small quantities on the contaminated food matrices. laboratory techniques used to isolate or detect the contaminating agent differ enormously according to the type of microorganisms, generating time and economical losses. the purpose of this study was to optimize a single meth ... | 2010 | 21131086 |
| heat inactivation of hepatitis a virus and a norovirus surrogate in soft-shell clams (mya arenaria). | the effectiveness of different thermal treatments for inactivating two viruses in clams was evaluated. soft-shell clam digestive glands experimentally contaminated with hepatitis a virus (hav) or murine norovirus (mnv) were heated for 90, 180, or 300 seconds at 85°c or 90°c in glass vials or plastic bags with 200 g of soft-shell clam meat. inactivation was measured by plaque assay and real-time reverse-transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction assay. measured inactivation was similar using bo ... | 2010 | 21126194 |
| a unique hav strain circulated in patients with acute hav infection with different risk exposures in tuscany, italy. | acute hepatitis a virus (hav) is reported to be an emergent problem in several developed countries. | 2010 | 21094625 |
| hepatitis a, b, c and hiv infections among finnish female prisoners--young females a risk group. | previous prison studies have shown that the female gender is associated with higher hepatitis c prevalence. however, there are few prison studies of gender differences concerning the risk factors of hepatitis c infections. we studied the prevalence of hepatitis and hiv infections and the risk factors among finnish female prisoners. | 2010 | 21087630 |
| comparison of effects of hepatitis e or a viral superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis b. | to compare the demographics, liver function, and prognosis of chinese patients infected with chronic hepatitis b (chb) and superinfected with hepatitis e virus (hev) or hepatitis a virus (hav). | 2010 | 21063485 |
| the evolving epidemiology of hepatitis a in the united states: incidence and molecular epidemiology from population-based surveillance, 2005-2007. | the incidence of hepatitis a virus (hav) disease is the lowest ever in the united states. we describe recent incidence and characteristics of cases of hav disease from 6 us sites conducting hepatitis surveillance in the emerging infections program. | 2010 | 21059974 |
| evaluation of different rna-extraction kits for sensitive detection of hepatitis a virus in strawberry samples. | the efficiency of different commercial rna extraction kits for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) from seeded strawberry samples was assessed by standard rt-pcr and real time rt-pcr (rt-qpcr). the best results with standard rt-pcr were achieved with aurum™ total rna extraction kit (biorad), obtaining a detection limit of 5-6.25 pfu/mg of tissue. a slightly lower sensitivity was rendered by the rneasy® plant mini kit (qiagen) (10-12.5 pfu/mg tissue), while the total quick rna cells and tiss ... | 2010 | 21056773 |
| characterization of cd8+ t-cell response in acute and resolved hepatitis a virus infection. | in contrast to the infection with other hepatotropic viruses, hepatitis a virus (hav) always causes acute self-limited hepatitis, although the role for virus-specific cd8 t cells in viral containment is unclear. herein, we analyzed the t cell response in patients with acute hepatitis by utilizing a set of overlapping peptides and predicted hla-a2 binders from the polyprotein. | 2010 | 21056495 |
| first full-length genomic sequence of a hepatitis a virus isolated in argentina shows recombination between subgenotypes ia and ib. | a hepatitis a virus (hav) recovered in argentina from a stool sample of a sick child in the year 2006 (hav-arg/06) was entirely sequenced. phylogenetic analysis included the hav-arg/06 sequence in subgenotype ia, either considering the usual vp1-2a variable junction fragment or the full length nucleotide sequence. interestingly, a recombination event with subgenotype ib, involving a portion of the 2c-3a nonstructural proteins coding region (nucleotides 4961-5140) was detected using specific soft ... | 2010 | 21056065 |
| applied biotechnology for production of immunoglobulin y specific to hepatitis a virus. | a new protocol for producing polyclonal antibody against hepatitis a virus (hav) is described. twenty hens were immunized three times with a commercial hav vaccine and hav from a cell culture with three types of adjuvants: cpg oligodeoxynucleotides (cpg-odn), incomplete freund's adjuvant and an alum adjuvant. in each of the last two booster inoculations, blood from the birds was collected and tested for hav antibodies. egg yolk was separated from egg white and immunoglobulin y (igy) antibody was ... | 2010 | 20971134 |
| hepatitis a and travel amongst nova scotia postsecondary students: evidence for a targeted vs. universal immunization strategy. | canadian guidelines recommend hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination for high-risk persons, such as travelers to hav-endemic areas. the us cdc advocates universal immunization. | 2010 | 20955828 |
| role of cyp2e1 gene polymorphisms association with hepatitis risk in northeast india. | to investigate hepatitis virus, genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions in predisposing patients to liver diseases in northeast india. | 2010 | 20939108 |
| hepatitis a in internationally adopted children: screening for acute and previous infections. | the goal was to determine the prevalence of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and immunity among internationally adopted children. | 2010 | 20937651 |
| spontaneous remission of iga nephropathy associated with resolution of hepatitis a. | although most cases of immunoglobulin a (iga) nephropathy are idiopathic, several diseases are associated with iga nephropathy. of these, chronic liver disease resulting from hepatitis b or c virus infection has been reported as a secondary cause of iga nephropathy. recently, hepatitis a virus (hav)-associated kidney disease has received attention because acute kidney injury can occur as a complication of hav infection, generally caused by acute tubular necrosis or interstitial nephritis. howeve ... | 2010 | 20932622 |
| neuromuscular complications of hepatitis a virus infection and vaccines. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) infects millions of people worldwide every year. case histories report on various acute neuropathy syndromes in the context of acute hav infection, but any causal link has not been established. epidemiological data also cast doubt on the importance of hav as a trigger for guillain-barré syndrome. the virtual absence of a chronic hav-infected state likely explains the rare occurrence of extrahepatic immune-mediated diseases, including an absence of chronic autoimmune n ... | 2011 | 20920814 |
| hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis secondary to hepatitis a virus infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is generally a self-limited disease, but the infection in adults can be serious, to be often complicated by acute kidney injury (aki) and rarely by virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (vahs). our patient, a 48-yr-old man, was diagnosed with hav infection complicated by dialysis-dependent aki. his kidney biopsy showed acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with massive infiltration of activated macrophages and t cells, and he progressively demonstrated features ... | 2010 | 20890439 |
| spatiotemporal dynamics of viral hepatitis a in italy. | viral hepatitis a is still common in italy, especially in southern regions. in this study, a metapopulation model for hepatitis a virus (hav) transmission is proposed and analyzed. analytical results on the asymptotic and transient behaviors of the system are carried out. based on the available italian movement data, a national spatial contact matrix at the regional level, which could be used for new studies on the transmission dynamics of other infectious diseases, is derived for modeling fluxe ... | 2010 | 20883708 |
| hepatitis a virus genetic diversity in venezuela: exclusive circulation of subgenotype ia and evidence of quasispecies distribution in the isolates. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is highly prevalent in latin america, including venezuela. subgenotype ia seems to circulate in an almost exclusive fashion, except in brazil. the aim of this study was the molecular characterization of the hav infection in venezuela, in order to characterize the circulating strains and to analyze the presence of quasispecies in sporadic cases and an epidemic outbreak. a total of 125 (113 sera and 12 feces) samples positive for anti-hav igm from sporadic cases a ... | 2010 | 20872708 |
| helicobacter pylori infection in mother and infant pairs in anatolia. | the aim of this prospective study was to determine the seroprevalence rates of helicobacter pylori in mother and infant pairs and to discuss the possible fecal-oral transmission route of helicobacter pylori infection in the early years of life. | 2010 | 20872322 |
| antibody responses to hepatitis a virus vaccination in thai hiv-infected children with immune recovery after antiretroviral therapy. | the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) protective antibody in 98 thai hiv-infected children who achieved immune recovery after antiretroviral therapy was 12.2%. after a 2-dose hav vaccination, 98.8% (85 of 86 children) seroconverted. the geometric mean titer was 520.95 miu/ml. in a multivariate analysis, female gender, age < 12 years and higher cd4 lymphocyte count at enrollment were predicting factors for high (≥ 250 miu/ml) hav antibody response. | 2011 | 20856163 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolates from environmental and clinical samples in greece. | hepatitis a virus (hav) strains detected in environmental and clinical samples were analysed to characterize the genotypes of hav circulating in greece. fifty (50) sewage samples were collected from patras (south-western greece) and alexandroupolis (north-eastern greece) from 2007 until 2009, accordingly. the clinical samples derived from an hav outbreak involved populations from three neighbouring prefectures of north-eastern greece (xanthi, rodopi, and evros). hav particles were detected by ne ... | 2010 | 20846383 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a and hepatitis e viruses in aden, yemen. | the burden of hepatitis a (hav) and hepatitis e (hev) infection is unknown in aden, yemen. this survey describes the prevalence of antibodies against hav and hev among individuals attending primary health care facilities in aden, yemen. five hundred and thirty eight participants, stratified by age and district population size, were enrolled and screened for anti-hav and 356 for anti-hev antibodies. the age-standardized seroprevalence of antibodies was 86.6% (95% ci 83.7-89.5) for anti-hav and 10 ... | 2010 | 20828772 |
| predicted 30-year protection after vaccination with an aluminum-free virosomal hepatitis a vaccine. | few studies have examined the duration of protection following vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) with currently licensed hav vaccines. this study explored the long-term immunogenicity in individuals vaccinated with the virosomal hepatitis a virus, epaxal. adult volunteers (n = 130) previously enrolled into four different studies between 1992 and 1994 and who had completed a 0/12-month immunization regimen (primary and booster dose) were asked to participate in this follow-up study. yea ... | 2010 | 20827757 |
| seroepidemiology of a second epidemic of hepatitis e in a population that had recorded first epidemic 30 years before and has been under surveillance since then. | large-scale waterborne epidemics of hepatitis e occur in developing countries. it is not known why these epidemics occur repeatedly and selectively in adult population? | 2010 | 20827406 |
| [genetic diversity of a rare hepatitis a virus genotype]. | very few is known on genotype ii hepatitis a virus (hav) since it is rarely isolated. from 2002 to 2007, the french observatory of hav identified six sub-genotype iia strains of which one from a patient having travelled to west africa. to investigate the possible african origin of sub-genotype iia, we determined its prevalence among french travellers in 2008 and characterised its genetic variability. | 2011 | 20822864 |
| inhibitory effects on hav ires-mediated translation and replication by a combination of amantadine and interferon-alpha. | hepatitis a virus (hav) causes acute hepatitis and sometimes leads to fulminant hepatitis. amantadine is a tricyclic symmetric amine that inhibits the replication of many dna and rna viruses. amantadine was reported to suppress hav replication, and the efficacy of amantadine was exhibited in its inhibition of the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) activities of hav. interferon (ifn) also has an antiviral effect through the induction of ifn stimulated genes (isg) and the degradation of viral rn ... | 2010 | 20815893 |
| sentinel surveillance for patients with acute hepatitis in egypt, 2001-04. | viral hepatitis is a major problem in egypt. to define the epidemiology of the disease, sentinel surveillance was established in 5 hospitals in diverse areas of the country in 2001. data were completed for patients meeting the case definition for viral hepatitis. of a total of 5909 patients evaluated, 4189 (70.9%) showed positive antibody markers for hepatitis. out of those, 40.2% had evidence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, 30.0% hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 29.8% hepatitis c virus (hcv) i ... | 2010 | 20799563 |
| assessing the risk of a community outbreak of hepatitis a on blood safety in latvia, 2008. | post-transfusion hepatitis a virus (hav) infection worldwide is considered a sporadic event. an outbreak of hav infection occurred in latvia between the end of 2007 and throughout 2008 with more than 2,800 confirmed cases reported over a 13-month period (incidence of 123 per 100,000 population). the majority of reported hav infection cases were in people over 18 years of age and in people living in the capitalcity, riga. we estimated that the crude risk for hav contamination of whole blood suppl ... | 2010 | 20739001 |
| collaborative validation of a rapid method for efficient virus concentration in bottled water. | enteric viruses, including norovirus (nov) and hepatitis a virus (hav), have emerged as a major cause of waterborne outbreaks worldwide. due to their low infectious doses and low concentrations in water samples, an efficient and rapid virus concentration method is required for routine control. three newly developed methods, a, b and c, for virus concentration in bottled water were compared against the reference method d: (a) convective interaction media (cim) monolithic chromatography; filtratio ... | 2011 | 20724015 |
| hepatitis a virus seroprevalence by age and world region, 1990 and 2005. | to estimate current age-specific rates of immunity to hepatitis a virus (hav) in world regions by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data. the estimation of the global burden of hepatitis a and policies for public health control are dependent on an understanding of the changing epidemiology of this viral infection. | 2010 | 20723630 |
| comparison of hepatitis a seroprevalence in blood donors in south tunisia between 2000 and 2007. | the aim of the study was to assess hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence in blood donors from south tunisia in two periods 2000 and 2007. serum samples collected from 376 blood donors in each period aged 18 to 30 years from different regions of south tunisia were analysed for anti-hav igg. the global seroprevalence of hav infection was 85.9% in 2007 as compared with 94.9% in 2000. the seroprevalence in the 18-20 years age group was 91.9% in 2000 vs 80.6% in 2007, and increased to 99% in 2000 an ... | 2009 | 20707222 |
| a predictive microbiology approach for thermal inactivation of hepatitis a virus in acidified berries. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a food-borne enteric virus responsible for outbreaks of hepatitis associated with consumption of raw vegetables. soft fruits, such as red berries, exposed to faecal contamination are increasingly responsible for collective food-borne illnesses associated with hav, when eaten raw or used in unprocessed foods. heat is the most effective measure for the inactivation of hav. thermal treatments are used on fruits as a decontamination method, but they have to be adapted to p ... | 2010 | 20688239 |
| [hepatitis a vaccination three days before departure to eastern europe?]. | vaccination against hepatitis a is indicated for travellers who visit areas with a high exposure to this type of virus. beside tropical areas an active vaccination is indicated for the whole mediterranean area and eastern europe. this active vaccination is effective even short before departure due to the long incubation period of hepatitis a. | 2010 | 20687463 |
| impact of a statewide childhood vaccine program in controlling hepatitis a virus infections in alaska. | historically, alaska experienced cyclic hepatitis a virus (hav) epidemics, and the hav rate among alaska native people was significantly higher than among other racial/ethnic groups. we evaluated the impact of universal childhood vaccination, initiated in 1996, on hav epidemiology in alaska by analyzing hav cases reported to the state of alaska. hav incidence in all age groups declined 98.6% from 60.0/100,000 in 1972-1995 to 0.9/100,000 in 2002-2007. the largest decrease (99.9%) was in alaska na ... | 2010 | 20637769 |
| evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay for the detection of anti-hepatitis a virus igm. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a causative agent of acute hepatitis, which is transmitted by person-to-person contact and via the faecal-oral route. acute hav infection is usually confirmed by anti-hav igm detection. in order to detect anti-hav igm in the serum of patients infected with hav, we developed a rapid assay based on immunochromatography (ica) and evaluated the sensitivity of this assay by comparing it with a commercial microparticle enzyme immunoassay (meia) that is widely used for serolo ... | 2010 | 20637129 |
| nucleotide variability and translation efficiency of the 5' untranslated region of hepatitis a virus: update from clinical isolates associated with mild and severe hepatitis. | mutations in the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of hepatitis a virus (hav) have been associated with enhanced in vitro replication and viral attenuation in animal models. to address the possible role of ires variability in clinical presentation, ires sequences were obtained from hav isolates associated with benign (n = 8) or severe (n = 4) hepatitis. ires activity was assessed using a bicistronic dual-luciferase expression system in adenocarcinoma (hela) and hepatoma (huh7) cell lines. acti ... | 2010 | 20631141 |
| naturally acquired hepatitis a antibodies after haematopoetic stem cell transplantation. | haematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients lose immune memory of exposure to infectious agents and vaccines accumulated throughout their lifetime and therefore need to be revaccinated. we aimed to evaluate the influence of different factors on hepatitis a virus (hav) immunity in both child and adult hsct recipients living in an intermediate endemic region, turkey. eighty patients (age range 2·5-57 years) who had hav serology prior to hsct were evaluated. the prevalence of hav seroposi ... | 2011 | 20619071 |
| hepatitis a in men having sex with men (msms) in northern italy. | during 2009 there was an increased incidence of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection among homosexual males which, in our institute, outnumbered the number of cases in travellers, thus becoming the prime hav risk factor. some of our hav cases occurred in hiv-infected subjects. this observation underlines the action of hav as a sexually transmitted infection and urges preventive measures, such as routine hav vaccination in the hiv-infected population. | 2010 | 20610934 |
| a comparison of hepatitis a and hepatitis b measures among vaccinated and susceptible online men who have sex with men. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) continue to be major health concerns among men who have sex with men (msm). the internet both facilitates high-risk sexual encounters and provides opportunities for promoting healthy behaviours. this study compared self-reported hav and hbv vaccination levels, based on demographics, health characteristics, hepatitis knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviours among msm using an online survey posted from february through june 2005. each participant ... | 2010 | 20606219 |
| evaluation of a rapid method for recovery of norovirus and hepatitis a virus from oysters and blue mussels. | foodborne outbreaks caused by noroviruses (novs) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are often linked to consumption of contaminated shellfish. the objective of this study was to identify an appropriate virus recovery method for real-time reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr detection and subsequently to evaluate this method on shellfish bioaccumulated with virus in a collaborative study. five methods were compared for recovery of nov gii.7 and feline calicivirus from spiked digestive tissue of oysters and mu ... | 2010 | 20603152 |
| development of an rna extraction protocol for detection of waterborne viruses by reverse transcriptase quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr). | rna extraction from environmental samples yields frequently an rna preparation containing inhibitors of molecular reactions. commercial rna extraction kits commonly permit extraction of only 0.1-0.2 ml sample volume. an rna extraction buffer (rnax buffer) was formulated for the extraction of viral rna from 4.0 ml using a silica column based protocol. to evaluate the rnax buffer based protocol, we used hepatitis a virus (hav) and coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) to monitor the rna extraction efficiency f ... | 2010 | 20600332 |
| epidemiology and genetic characterization of hepatitis a virus genotype iia. | three hepatitis a virus (hav) genotypes, i, ii, and iii, divided into subtypes a and b, infect humans. genotype i is the most frequently reported, while genotype ii is hardly ever isolated, and its genetic diversity is unknown. from 2002 to 2007, a french epidemiological survey of hav identified 6 iia isolates, mostly from patients who did not travel abroad. the possible african origin of iia strains was investigated by screening the 2008 mandatory notification records of hav infection: 171 hav ... | 2010 | 20592136 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a affecting a nursery school and a primary school. | between march and june 2008, 12 cases of hepatitis a were notified in winchester. cases were from a primary school and a nursery school with no direct linkage. hepatitis a virus (hav) rna sequenced from nine cases confirmed the strain in both schools to be identical. the outbreak could have affected three other schools and a maternity unit and was controlled by immunization and screening of neonates in the maternity unit by dried blood spots. no neonates were infected and no further cases were r ... | 2011 | 20587119 |
| changing prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus in adolescents in a rural township in taiwan. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is transmitted through the oral-anal route. areas of low prevalence of anti-hav might have risks for a hepatitis a outbreak even under accidental infection as the source can spread easily. the prevalence of anti-hav among children in taipei is reported to be nearly 0%; however, the prevalence in rural areas remains undetermined. our study aims to realize the prevalence change in a rural area. | 2010 | 20584510 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus and bacterial contamination in raw oysters in thailand. | this study was conducted to determine the presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in raw oysters (crassostrea belcheri) using a virus concentration method and reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-nested pcr). a total of 220 oyster samples were collected from oyster farms and local markets in thailand. hav was found in three oyster samples. nested pcr products of hav detected in oysters were characterized further by dna sequencing of the vp1/2a region and subjected to phylogenet ... | 2010 | 20578489 |
| atypical manifestations of hepatitis a infection: a prospective, multicenter study in korea. | the clinical outcome of symptomatic hepatitis a and the incidence and clinical characteristics of atypical presentation of hepatitis a were studied using prospective, multicenter design. the atypical presentation included delayed anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) immunoglobulin m (igm) seroconversion defined as positive anti-hav igm on the repeated test within 7 days of hospital admission after the initially negative result, prolonged cholestasis, and acute kidney injury (aki). a total of 595 patient ... | 2010 | 20572083 |
| internal ribosomal entry-site activities of clinical isolate-derived hepatitis a virus and inhibitory effects of amantadine. | aim: little is known about specific naturally-occurring internal ribosomal entry site (ires) activities of hepatitis a virus (hav). we examined these activities using the bicistronic reporter assay and the effects of antiviral amantadine against their activities. methods: six hav ires clones from three patients with fulminant hepatitis and three with self-limited acute hepatitis were obtained. the activities of their ires were analyzed using bicistronic reporter assay in hepatocyte- and non-hepa ... | 2010 | 20561355 |
| vaccination rate and seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in chronic-hepatitis-b-infected individuals in the korean army. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) is recommended for patients with chronic hepatitis b (chb), since they are potentially at an increased risk of hav-related morbidity and mortality. however, little is known about the adherence to these recommendations in the community. this study evaluated the current vaccination status and immunity against hav among korean military soldiers with chb. | 2010 | 20559523 |
| a nationwide survey of past hepatitis a infections among canadian adults. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection rates in canada are low and declining. a nationwide pediatric serosurvey in 2003 confirmed that hav infection is uncommon in children. additional seroepidemiological data for adults would help to guide domestic use of hav vaccines. | 2010 | 20558251 |
| meningoencephalitis associated with hepatitis a infection: a case report and review of literature. | hepatitis a virus uncommonly causes neurological problems. among these manifestations meningoencephalitis is very rare. we describe the clinical and laboratory features of a young boy with hepatitis a associated meningoencephalitis and compare it with other cases which had the same diagnoses. | 2010 | 20555050 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus in children of different age groups in tehran, iran: implications for health policy. | hepatitis a is one of the most frequently reported vaccine-preventable diseases throughout the world and remains endemic in many areas. studies in various communities have shown that hepatitis a virus (hav) prevalence rises with age. the current data regarding hepatitis a epidemiology in iran is limited. the aim of this study was to determine the seroepidemiology of hepatitis a in children of different age groups in tehran, iran. | 2010 | 20541138 |
| determinants in 3dpol modulate the rate of growth of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical member of the picornaviridae, grows poorly in cell culture. to define determinants of hav growth, we introduced a blasticidin (bsd) resistance gene into the virus genome and selected variants that grew at high concentrations of bsd. the mutants grew fast and had increased rates of rna replication and translation but did not produce significantly higher virus yields. nucleotide sequence analysis and reverse genetic studies revealed that a t6069g change resulti ... | 2010 | 20534860 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus in patients with chronic liver disease from kerala: impact on vaccination policy. | hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination is recommended worldwide for patients with chronic liver disease to prevent decompensation due to superinfection with hav. there are recent reports of decline in hav seroprevalence in developing countries, where hepatitis a was considered hyperendemic. this phenomenon would have implication on policy of hepatitis a vaccination in chronic liver disease in our region. the aim of the study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of hav antibodies in patients with chro ... | 2009 | 20509469 |
| coinfection with hepatitis c virus, oxidative stress and antioxidant status in hiv-positive drug users in miami. | the pathogenesis of hiv/hepatitis c virus (hcv) coinfection is poorly understood. we examined markers of oxidative stress, plasma antioxidants and liver disease in hiv/hcv-coinfected and hiv-monoinfected adults. | 2011 | 20500231 |
| co-occurrence of allergic sensitization and type 1 diabetes. | the mechanisms leading to abnormal immune regulation in type 1 diabetes and allergic diseases may be partly overlapping. if so, these diseases should co-occur more often than expected. we investigated this phenomenon in two contrasting socio-economic environments, finland and russian karelia. | 2010 | 20465355 |
| hepatitis a. an uncommon associated pathology. | 2010 | 20456853 | |
| survival of murine norovirus and hepatitis a virus in different types of manure and biosolids. | noroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) are common causes of foodborne disease. they are usually shed in feces and have been found in sewage water, biosolids, and animal manures. with the wide application of manure and biosolids on agricultural lands, there is an increasing interest in investigating virus survival in manure and biosolids. in this study, murine norovirus-1 (mnv) and hav were inoculated into different types of animal manure and three types of differently treated biosolids at 20 de ... | 2010 | 20455755 |
| fulminant hepatitis failure in adults and children from a public hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. | fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is characterized by massive hepatocellular injury, whose physiopathology is still unclear. hepatitis b (hbv) is probably the most common viral cause of fhf, while hepatitis a (hav) virus seem occurs less frequently. however, the host and viral factors that determine the outcome of these infections are poorly understood. in the present study, viral load and genotyping determining regions of hav and hbv genomes were sequenced. eight fhf patients and one patient with ... | 2009 | 20428629 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis a in finland in 1990-2007. | the seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) for the period 1990-2007 and the molecular epidemiology for the period 1994-2007 in finland were studied. the incidence of hepatitis a has been very low since 1990, at 0.3-3.6/100,000 inhabitants, excluding two outbreaks in 1994-1995 and 2002-2003, both of which were connected to intravenous drug use. serum samples (3,217) collected in the period 1997-1998 were tested for hepatitis a antibodies to assess the percentage of seropositive finns. more t ... | 2010 | 20419806 |
| longer duration of viremia and unique amino acid substitutions in a hepatitis a virus strain [corrected] associated with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). | the molecular characteristics of hepatitis a virus (hav) have been studied widely though there is a paucity of data on the correlation with virological and serological findings. in the present study, the whole genome of an indian hav strain associated with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) was characterized vis-à-vis two other indian hav genotype iiia strains, associated with a self-limiting disease. the percentage nucleotide divergence displayed by the indian strains (cp-ind, pn-ind, and gbs-ind) v ... | 2010 | 20419803 |
| 99th dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: microbes, apoptosis and tim-1 in the development of asthma. | asthma is a complex disorder which has increased dramatically in prevalence over the past three decades. current therapies, based on the t helper type 2 (th2) paradigm, have not been able to control this disease. epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between infection with the hepatitis a virus (hav) and protection against the development of asthma, and genetic studies have shown that the hav receptor, tim-1 (t cell, immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain), is an important ato ... | 2010 | 20415862 |
| are pei-coated swcnts conjugated with hepatitis a virus? a chemical study with sem, z-potential, edxd and rt-pcr. | the conjugation between nanotubes, coated with different doses of polyethylene imine (pei) and hepatitis a virus (hav) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, z-potential, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (edxd) and reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). for the first time, to our knowledge, evidence is obtained that conjugation between the nanotubes and the hav occurs and that it ... | 2010 | 20404402 |
| [genotyping of hepatitis a virus prevalent strains in xinjiang hetian of china in 2006]. | to analysis the genotypes of wild type hepatitis a virus circulated in xinjiang hetian of china in 2006. | 2009 | 20387486 |
| [genetic analysis of hav strains isolated from patients with acute hepatitis in hebei shijiazhuang of china]. | to characterize the hepatitis a virus (hav) wild type strains circulating in hebei shijiazhuang of china during 2005-2007, to provide the bases for further investigation of the sources of hav infection. | 2009 | 20387485 |
| the infective causes of hepatitis and jaundice amongst hospitalised patients in vientiane, laos. | there is little information on the diverse infectious causes of jaundice and hepatitis in the asiatic tropics. serology (hepatitis a, b, c and e, leptospirosis, dengue, rickettsia), antigen tests (dengue), pcr assays (hepatitis a, c and e) and blood cultures (septicaemia) were performed on samples from 392 patients admitted with jaundice or raised transaminases (> or =x3) to mahosot hospital, vientiane, laos over 3 years. conservative definitions suggested diagnoses of dengue (8.4%), rickettsios ... | 2010 | 20378138 |
| [clinical features of patients with fulminant hepatitis a requiring emergency liver transplantation: comparison with acute liver failure due to other causes]. | according to recent prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, acute liver failure (alf) due to hav infection is observed frequently in parallel. the aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features of patients who have undergone emergency liver transplantation (lt) due to fulminant hav infection. | 2010 | 20375639 |
| [complete genomic sequence of rapidly replicating strain mb-7 of hepatitis a virus and its characterization in comparison with nucleotide sequences of other hepatitis a virus strains]. | complete nucleotide sequence of genomic rna of hepatitis a virus (hav) rapidly replicating strain mb-7 was determined. comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences demonstrated the highest level of identity of mb-7 with strain has-15 (above 99%) and high homology with other hav strains (hm 175/7, cr326, and gbm/hfs) used in production of anti-hepatitis a vaccines. mb-7 was classified as subgenotype ia. phylogenetic analysis showed that mb-7 is most closely related to the strain has- ... | 2010 | 20361667 |
| predictors of hepatitis knowledge improvement among methadone maintained clients enrolled in a hepatitis intervention program. | this randomized, controlled study (n = 256) was conducted to compare three interventions designed to promote hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination completion, among clients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (mmt) in los angeles and santa monica. the participants were randomized into three groups: motivational interviewing-single session (mi-single), motivational interviewing-group (mi-group), or nurse-led hepatitis health promotion (hhp). all three treatment gr ... | 2010 | 20358265 |
| [a case of pleural effusion associated with acute hepatitis a]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is common in developing countries, including korea. it can be accompanied by extrahepatic complications such as renal failure, arthritis, and vasculitis. pleural effusion is a very rare complication of hav infection, which has been reported usually in children, and has benign clinical courses. here we report a case of pleural effusion with ascites which occurred in an adult hepatitis a patient. a 26-year-old-woman presented generalized myalgia and fever and was ... | 2010 | 20357532 |
| [seroprevalence of igg anti-hav in hospital employees below 40 years old]. | hepatitis a is an acute infectious disease transmitted by fecal-oral route. as the incidence of hepatitis a has been increased in gwangju and chonnam province of korea recently, the number of hepatitis a patients in hospital employees has also increased. thus, we investigated the seroprevalence of igg anti-hav in hospital employees below 40 years old. | 2010 | 20357529 |
| [acute myelitis related to hepatitis a after travel to senegal]. | neurological complications are rare following hepatitis a. acute myelitis is even more uncommon. the purpose of this report is to describe a case of acute myelitis related to hepatitis a virus (hav) in a 43-year-old-woman returning from senegal. diagnosis of myelitis was confirmed by spinal mri and detection of anti-hav ig m antibodies in serum. the patient made a spontaneous clinical recovery in one month. spinal mri findings were normal at three months. hepatitis a should be considered in the ... | 2010 | 20337107 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus causing an outbreak among thai navy recruits. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a communicable disease, typically transmitted by faecal-oral contamination. hav outbreaks usually occur in endemic areas. we report an outbreak of hav from june to july, 2008 among thai navy recruits who had received training at the sattahip navy base, chonburi province, thailand. upon conclusion of the training, the recruits were deployed to serve at several navy bases across the country. secondary cases of hav infection were reported among military personne ... | 2009 | 20237451 |
| fine-tuning translation kinetics selection as the driving force of codon usage bias in the hepatitis a virus capsid. | hepatitis a virus (hav), the prototype of genus hepatovirus, has several unique biological characteristics that distinguish it from other members of the picornaviridae family. among these, the need for an intact eif4g factor for the initiation of translation results in an inability to shut down host protein synthesis by a mechanism similar to that of other picornaviruses. consequently, hav must inefficiently compete for the cellular translational machinery and this may explain its poor growth in ... | 2010 | 20221432 |
| concurrent reactivation of latent ebv with hepatitis a can affect clinical feature of childhood hepatitis. | some children with acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection have concurrent epstein-barr virus (ebv) reactivation serologically. we studied the frequency of ebv reactivation during hav infection and determined whether simultaneous occurrence of ebv reactivation and hav infection affected the clinical features of hav infection. | 2010 | 20219034 |
| laboratory characteristics of recent hepatitis a in korea: ongoing epidemiological shift. | to evaluate seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody and investigate demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of recent cases in korea. | 2010 | 20205283 |