Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| sudden death in a toddler with laryngotracheitis caused by human parainfluenza virus-1. | laryngotracheitis caused by human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) and not complicated by bacterial superinfection rarely causes sudden unexpected death in infants and toddlers, especially in the absence of stridor and a barking cough. we therefore describe a 15-month-old white male who died suddenly and unexpectedly with clinical and pathological features of laryngotracheitis caused by culture-proven hpiv-1 infection. given the presence of mucosal inflammation extending into the vocalis muscle of the ... | 2009 | 18671453 |
| comparison of the luminex xtag respiratory viral panel with in-house nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections. | detection of respiratory viruses using sensitive real-time nucleic acid amplification tests (nats) is invaluable for patient and outbreak management. however, the wide range of potential respiratory virus pathogens makes testing using individual real-time nats expensive and laborious. the objective of this study was to compare the detection of respiratory virus targets using the luminex xtag respiratory viral panel (rvp) assay with individual real-time nats used at the provincial laboratory of p ... | 2008 | 18632902 |
| natural killer cells regulate t-cell proliferation during human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a major respiratory pathogen in humans. failure to induce immunological memory associated with hpiv3 infection has been attributed to inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. we demonstrate that the inability of mixed lymphocytes to respond to virally infected antigen-presenting cells is due to an interleukin-2-dependent, nonapoptotic mechanism involving natural killer (nk) cells and their influence is exerted in a contact-dependent manner. these result ... | 2008 | 18614637 |
| a single amino acid residue change in the p protein of parainfluenza virus 5 elevates viral gene expression. | parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5) is a prototypical paramyxovirus. the v/p gene of piv5 encodes two mrna species through a process of pseudotemplated insertion of two g residues at a specific site during transcription, resulting in two viral proteins, v and p, whose n termini of 164 amino acid residues are identical. previously it was reported that mutating six amino acid residues within this identical region results in a recombinant piv5 (rpiv5-cpi-) that exhibits elevated viral protein expression a ... | 2008 | 18614634 |
| identification of two distinct bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 genotypes. | the partial gene sequencing of the matrix (m) protein from seven clinical isolates of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv-3), and the complete sequencing of a representative isolate (q5592) was completed in this study. nucleotide sequence analysis was initiated because of the failure of in-house bpiv-3 rt-pcr methods to yield expected products for four of the isolates. phylogenetic reconstructions based on the nucleotide sequences for the m-protein and the entire genome, using all of the ava ... | 2008 | 18559934 |
| sendai virus recombinant vaccine expressing hpiv-3 hn or f elicits protective immunity and combines with a second recombinant to prevent hpiv-1, hpiv-3 and rsv infections. | the human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the leading causes of serious respiratory illness in the human pediatric population. despite decades of research, there are currently no licensed vaccines for either the hpiv or rsv pathogens. here we describe the testing of hpiv-3 and rsv candidate vaccines using sendai virus (sev, murine piv-1) as a vector. sev was selected as the vaccine backbone, because it has been shown to elicit robust and durable immune act ... | 2008 | 18499307 |
| persistent activation of an innate immune response translates respiratory viral infection into chronic lung disease. | to understand the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease, we analyzed an experimental mouse model of chronic lung disease with pathology that resembles asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) in humans. in this model, chronic lung disease develops after an infection with a common type of respiratory virus is cleared to only trace levels of noninfectious virus. chronic inflammatory disease is generally thought to depend on an altered adaptive immune response. however, here w ... | 2008 | 18488036 |
| dual role of nox2 in respiratory syncytial virus- and sendai virus-induced activation of nf-kappab in airway epithelial cells. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a member of the paramyxoviridae family, is the most important viral agent of pediatric respiratory tract disease worldwide. human airway epithelial cells (aec) are the primary targets of rsv. aec are responsible for the secretion of a wide spectrum of cytokines and chemokines that are important mediators of the exacerbated airway inflammation triggered by the host in response to rsv infection. nf-kappab is a key transcription factor responsible for the re ... | 2008 | 18453612 |
| mda5 participates in the detection of paramyxovirus infection and is essential for the early activation of dendritic cells in response to sendai virus defective interfering particles. | defective interfering (di) particles are byproducts of virus replication that potently enhance dendritic cell (dc) maturation by virus infection. di particles have been reported for many different viruses and are strong inducers of type i ifns. the cellular mechanisms involved in the response to di particles are not known. in this study, we show that 1) di particles are recognized by more than one viral sensor independently of tlrs and type i ifn signaling; 2) the helicase mda5 participates in t ... | 2008 | 18354215 |
| exposure to novel parainfluenza virus and clinical relevance in 2 bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) populations. | parainfluenza virus (piv) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in humans. a novel virus closely related to human and bovine parainfluenza viruses types 3 (hpiv-3 and bpiv-3), named tursiops truncatus parainfluenza virus type 1 (ttpiv-1), was isolated from a dolphin with respiratory disease. we developed a dolphin-specific elisa to measure acute- and convalescent-phase piv antibodies in dolphins during 1999-2006 with hemograms similar to that of the positive control. piv seroconversion oc ... | 2008 | 18325253 |
| [complete genome sequence analysis of a newly isolated paramyxovirus tianjin strain]. | paramyxovirus tianjin strain is the high-pathogenic virus to primate and might also cause human lower respiratory tract infection. to determine the genome structure, variation features and phylogenetic position, the complete nucleotide sequence of paramyxovirus tianjin strain was analyzed. the homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences among paramyxovirus tianjin strain and the 28 strains in seven genera and the 7 unclassified viruses of ... | 2008 | 18320815 |
| dipeptidyl peptidase i-dependent neutrophil recruitment modulates the inflammatory response to sendai virus infection. | the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of asthma is unclear. although increased presence of neutrophils is associated with persistent asthma and asthma exacerbations, how neutrophils participate in the pathogenesis of asthma remains controversial. in this study, we show that the absence of dipeptidyl peptidase i (dppi), a lysosomal cysteine protease found in neutrophils, dampens the acute inflammatory response and the subsequent mucous cell metaplasia that accompanies the asthma phenoty ... | 2008 | 18292580 |
| airway epithelial versus immune cell stat1 function for innate defense against respiratory viral infection. | the epithelial surface is often proposed to actively participate in host defense, but evidence that this is the case remains circumstantial. similarly, respiratory paramyxoviral infections are a leading cause of serious respiratory disease, but the basis for host defense against severe illness is uncertain. here we use a common mouse paramyxovirus (sendai virus) to show that a prominent early event in respiratory paramyxoviral infection is activation of the ifn-signaling protein stat1 in airway ... | 2008 | 18292557 |
| synthesis of recombinant human parainfluenza virus 1 and 3 nucleocapsid proteins in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | human parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 (hpiv1 and hpiv3, respectively), members of the virus family paramyxoviridae, are common causes of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, the immunocompromised, the chronically ill, and the elderly. in order to synthesize recombinant hpiv1 and hpiv3 nucleocapsid proteins, the coding sequences were cloned into the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector pfgg3 under control of gal7 promoter. a high level of recombinant virus ... | 2008 | 18249456 |
| irf-3 activation by sendai virus infection is required for cellular apoptosis and avoidance of persistence. | here, we report that specific manipulations of the cellular response to virus infection can cause prevention of apoptosis and consequent establishment of persistent infection. infection of several human cell lines with sendai virus (sev) or human parainfluenza virus 3, two prototypic paramyxoviruses, caused slow apoptosis, which was markedly accelerated upon blocking the action of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (pi3 kinases) in the infected cells. the observed apoptosis required viral gene expre ... | 2008 | 18216110 |
| the complete genome sequence of the atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (aspv). | the complete rna genome of the atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (aspv), isolated from atlantic salmon suffering from proliferative gill inflammation (pgi), has been determined. the genome is 16,965 nucleotides in length and consists of six nonoverlapping genes in the order 3'- n - p/c/v - m - f - hn - l -5', coding for the nucleocapsid, phospho-, matrix, fusion, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and large polymerase proteins, respectively. the gene junctions contain highly conserved transcription start a ... | 2008 | 18155122 |
| functional modification of sendai virus by sirna. | sendai virus (hemagglutinating virus of japan; hvj) is a negative-strand rna virus with robust fusion activity, and has been utilized for gene transfer and drug delivery. hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein on the viral membrane is important for cell fusion, but causes agglutination of red blood cells. hn-depleted hvj has been desired for in vivo transfection in order to improve safety. here, we succeeded in producing hn-depleted hvj using hn-specific short interfering rna (sirna). viral pr ... | 2008 | 18093677 |
| newly-developed sendai virus vector for retinal gene transfer: reduction of innate immune response via deletion of all envelope-related genes. | recombinant sendai virus vectors (rsev) constitute a new class of cytoplasmic rna vectors that have shown efficient gene transfer in various organs, including retinal tissue; however, the related immune responses remain to be overcome in view of clinical applications. we recently developed a novel rsev from which all envelope-related genes were deleted (rsev/dfdmdhn) and, in the present study, assess host immune responses following retinal gene transfer. | 2008 | 18074401 |
| characterization of a parainfluenza virus isolated from a bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus). | a novel member of the parainfluenza virus family was identified in a bottlenose dolphin with respiratory disease. the case animal was a 19-year old male atlantic bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) that presented with signs of respiratory illness, including raspy, foul-odored breaths and cream-colored exudate from the blowhole. focally extensive pyogranulomatous bronchointerstitial pneumonia with moderate numbers of intralesional yeast organisms was identified on histopathological examinatio ... | 2008 | 18031960 |
| [clinical and epidemiological manifestations of parainfluenza infection in hospitalized children]. | human parainfluenza viruses (hpiv) are a common cause of respiratory illness of children but published data on clinical characteristics of hpiv infection in south america is scarce. | 2007 | 17989842 |
| parainfluenza type 3 outbreaks in izmir children, turkey. | the present study was aimed to investigate characteristics of lower respiratory tract infections caused by parainfluenza type 3 viruses. nasopharyngeal smears were taken from 178 patients with lower respiratory infections for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses between december 2004 and april 2005. parainfluenza type 3 was isolated from the viral specimens of 96 (53.9%) patients and it was noticeable that the parainfluenza type 3 outbreak ... | 2007 | 17988501 |
| efficacy of an intranasal modified live bovine respiratory syncytial virus and temperature-sensitive parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccine in 3-week-old calves experimentally challenged with pi3v. | two experimental parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi3v) challenge studies were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a single intranasal dose of an attenuated live vaccine containing modified live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and temperature-sensitive pi3v in 3-week-old calves. in the first study, vaccine efficacy was evaluated in colostrum deprived calves. nasal shedding of pi3v was highly significantly reduced in vaccinated calves challenged 10 days or 21 days after vaccination. in th ... | 2009 | 17931918 |
| [sendai viral infection and host innate immunity]. | 2007 | 17824239 | |
| a community-based, time-matched, case-control study of respiratory viruses and exacerbations of copd. | respiratory viruses are associated with severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) in hospitalized patients. however, exacerbations are increasingly managed in the community, where the role of viruses is unclear. in community exacerbations, the causal association between viruses and exacerbation maybe confounded by random fluctuations in the prevalence of circulating respiratory viruses. therefore, to determine whether viral respiratory tract infections are causal ... | 2007 | 17822891 |
| antigen-specific cd8+ t cell clonal expansions develop from memory t cell pools established by acute respiratory virus infections. | increasing age is associated with the development of cd8+ t cell clonal expansions (tce) that can dominate the peripheral t cell repertoire and interfere with immune responses to infection and vaccination. some tce are driven by chronic infections, consistent with dysregulated outgrowth of t cell clones in response to persistent antigenic stimulation. however, a second class of tce develops with age in the absence of chronic infections and is poorly understood in terms of origin or ag dependence ... | 2007 | 17785787 |
| contribution of mx dynamin, oligoadenylate synthetase, and protein kinase r to anti-paramyxovirus activity of type 1 interferons in vitro. | to determine the contribution of mx dynamin, oligoadenylate synthetase (oas), and double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase r (pkr) to the antiviral effects of type 1 interferons (ifns) against bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3v) infection of vero cells. | 2007 | 17764414 |
| optimisation of the response to respiratory virus vaccines in cattle. | 2007 | 17720964 | |
| ifn-alpha regulates toll-like receptor-mediated il-27 gene expression in human macrophages. | il-27 is a novel member of the il-12 cytokine family. il-27 has pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, and it controls the responses of adaptive immunity. it promotes the differentiation of naïve th cells and suppresses the effector functions of th17 cells. biologically active il-27 is a heterodimer composed of ebv-induced gene 3 (ebi3) and p28 proteins. we report that tlr-dependent expression of il-27 in human macrophages is mediated by ifn-alpha. stimulation of macrophages with agonists for tl ... | 2007 | 17684041 |
| controls for lung dendritic cell maturation and migration during respiratory viral infection. | dendritic cells are ideally suited to orchestrate the innate and adaptive immune responses to infection, but we know little about how these cells respond to infection with common respiratory viruses. paramyxoviral infections are the most frequent cause of serious respiratory illness in childhood and are associated with an increased risk of asthma. we therefore used a high-fidelity mouse model of paramyxoviral respiratory infection triggered by sendai virus to examine the response of conventional ... | 2007 | 17641009 |
| attenuation and efficacy of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) vaccine candidates containing stabilized mutations in the p/c and l genes. | two recombinant, live attenuated human parainfluenza virus type 1 (rhpiv1) mutant viruses have been developed, using a reverse genetics system, for evaluation as potential intranasal vaccine candidates. these rhpiv1 vaccine candidates have two non-temperature sensitive (non-ts) attenuating (att) mutations primarily in the p/c gene, namely cr84ghnt553a (two point mutations used together as a set) and cdelta170 (a short deletion mutation), and two ts att mutations in the l gene, namely ly942a (a p ... | 2007 | 17605811 |
| detection of viruses identified recently in children with acute wheezing. | the etiologic role of recently identified respiratory viruses for acute wheezing in children is not yet clear. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of recently identified viruses, including human metapneumovirus (hmpv), human bocavirus (hbov), human coronavirus nl63 (hcov-nl63), and human coronavirus hku1 (hcov-hku1) in children with acute wheezing. viral etiology was identified in 231 children hospitalized with acute wheezing, aged from 1 month to 5 years. viral antigens ... | 2007 | 17597481 |
| detection of antibodies and risk factors for infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus-3 in beef cattle of yucatan, mexico. | we collected blood samples from 756 > or =2-year-old cattle in 54 herds in yucatan, mexico, and used all of those to determine the antibody seroprevalences (in an indirect enzyme-linked inmunosorbance assay) to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and risk factors for animal-level seropositivity. we used 728 of the same samples (from 52 of the same herds) to do the same for parainfluenza virus-3 (piv3). cattle were selected by two-stage cluster sampling. herd-level and animal-level risk fac ... | 2007 | 17590461 |
| detection of parainfluenza virus 3 in turbinate epithelial cells of postviral olfactory dysfunction patients. | postviral olfactory dysfunction (pvod) develops after a common cold, but little is known about the viral pathogen inducing olfactory dysfunction. we hypothesized that human parainfluenza virus 3 (piv3) may cause pvod. we therefore assayed the nasal cavity mucosae of pvod patients for the presence or persistence of piv3. | 2007 | 17572640 |
| bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 accessory proteins that suppress beta interferon production. | the paramyxovirus p gene encodes accessory proteins antagonistic to interferon (ifn). viral proteins responsible for the ifn antagonism, however, are distinct among paramyxoviruses. here we determine bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) ifn antagonists that suppress ifn-beta production, and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. of bpiv3 p gene products, c and v proteins were found to suppress double-stranded rna-stimulated ifn-beta production. the v protein of bpiv3 and sendai vir ... | 2007 | 17548221 |
| respiratory virus infection in infants and children. | the recent availability of diagnostic polymerase chain reaction-based assays for the detection of viral pathogens has allowed us to identify the infectious agents present in a large percentage of culture-negative specimens. the information gained by these studies has led to a reassessment of the prevalence of individual viruses in lower respiratory tract infections in both normal and immunocompromised children. pathologic examination of less severe cases identified by more sensitive methodologie ... | 2007 | 17535096 |
| human parainfluenza viruses hpiv1 and hpiv3 bind oligosaccharides with alpha2-3-linked sialic acids that are distinct from those bound by h5 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin. | we investigated the binding of human parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 (hpiv1 and hpiv3, respectively) to the glycan array of the consortium for functional glycomics and binding and their release from erythrocytes under conditions where neuraminidase is inactive or active. hpiv1 and hpiv3 bind modifications of neu5acalpha2-3galbeta1-4glcnac, including the sialyl-lewis(x) motif and structures containing 6-sulfogalactose. hpiv1 and hpiv3 thus bind typical n-linked glycans, in contrast to avian inf ... | 2007 | 17522226 |
| analysis of innate immune responses in a model of iga nephropathy induced by sendai virus. | in a model of iga nephropathy (igan) induced by sendai virus (sev) without th1/th2 polarizing immunization, th2-prone balb/c mice develop more severe nephritis with acute renal insufficiency than th1-prone c3h mice. to determine whether th1 or th2 predominance influences the severity of experimental igan in mice, we employed polarizing immunizations in a sev-induced igan model in th1-prone c57bl/6 mice and th2-prone balb/c mice. c57bl/6 mice, immunized with sev +cfa or +ifa, showed: (1) clear cy ... | 2007 | 17495456 |
| cytokine-independent upregulation of mda5 in viral infection. | the rna helicases rig-i and mda5 detect virus infection of dendritic cells (dcs) leading to cytokine induction. maximal sensitivity for virus detection by these helicases is obtained after their upregulation, which is thought to occur primarily through type i interferon (ifn) signaling. here we demonstrate that in response to paramyxovirus infection, rig-i upregulation requires type i ifn whereas mda5 expression is increased by sendai virus infection independently of signaling mediated by type i ... | 2007 | 17475649 |
| sendai virus budding in the course of an infection does not require alix and vps4a host factors. | closing the sendai virus c protein open reading frames (rsev-deltac virus) results in the production of virus particles with highly reduced infectivity. besides, the sendai virus c proteins interact with alix/aip1 and alix suppression negatively affects sendai virus like particle (vlp) budding. similarly, the sendai virus m protein has been shown to interact with alix. on this basis, it has been suggested that sendai virus budding involves recruitment of the multivesicular body formation machine ... | 2007 | 17467023 |
| [human parainfluenza virus infections in infants and young children with acute respiratory infections in beijing]. | to understand the impact of human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) on acute respiratory infections in infants and young children in beijing. | 2007 | 17456334 |
| rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in a child with para-influenza type 1 infection. | we present a rare case of para-influenza type 1 virus-induced rhabdomyolysis, complicated by acute renal failure (arf). the child underwent continuous venovenous haemofiltration and has shown full clinical and biochemical recovery. arf due to rhabdomyolysis in para-influenza type 1 infection in a child has, to the best of our knowledge, not been previously reported. | 2007 | 17450385 |
| myd88-mediated instructive signals in dendritic cells regulate pulmonary immune responses during respiratory virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of respiratory disease in infants worldwide. the induction of innate immunity and the establishment of adaptive immune responses are influenced by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by tlrs. one of the primary pathways for tlr activation is by myd88 adapter protein signaling. the present studies indicate that myd88 deficiency profoundly impacts the pulmonary environment in rsv-infected mice characterized by the accumul ... | 2007 | 17442966 |
| antiviral and antimicrobial profiles of selected isoquinoline alkaloids from fumaria and corydalis species. | in the current study, 33 isoquinoline alkaloids belonging to protopine-, benzylisoquinoline-, benzophenanthridine-, spirobenzylisoquinoline-, phthalideisoquinoline-, aporphine-, protoberberine-, cularine-, and isoquinolone-types as well as 7 derivatives of them obtained from some fumaria and corydalis species growing in turkey have been evaluated for their in vitro antiviral and antimicrobial activities. both dna virus herpes simplex (hsv) and rna virus parainfluenza (pi-3) were employed for ant ... | 2007 | 17425100 |
| skeletal and neurological malformations in pigs congenitally infected with menangle virus. | to describe the pathological findings in stillborn piglets and fetuses delivered by sows naturally infected with menangle virus, a recently recognised paramyxovirus. | 2007 | 17397383 |
| molecular investigations of an outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus infections in a hematology unit. | a large simultaneous outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 (piv-3) infections occurred on an adult hematology unit. implementation of enhanced infection control was complicated by cocirculation of the two different viruses, with prolonged viral shedding from infected patients, and placed great pressure on health care staff; of 27 infected hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, 9 died, and the unit was closed for 2 months. retrospective molecular investigati ... | 2007 | 17392447 |
| matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in the respiratory tracts of human infants following paramyxovirus infection. | respiratory syncytial (rsv) and parainfluenza (piv) viruses are primary causes of acute bronchiolitis and wheezing illnesses in infants and young children. to further understand inflammation in the airways following infection, we tested for the presence of matrix metalloproteinases (mmp) and natural tissue inhibitors of mmp (timp) in primary and established human cell lines, and in the nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) of human infants infected with rsv or piv. using elisa and multiplex-based assa ... | 2007 | 17311330 |
| long-term therapy with aerosolized ribavirin for parainfluenza 3 virus respiratory tract infection in an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency. | we report the case of an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency who was presented with piv3 infection. aerosolized ribavirin was administered for 10 months until the child gained a functional immune system through an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and cleared piv3 infection. no adverse effect was observed in the child and in healthcare personnel, with a follow-up of three years. despite the burden of aerosolized administration, early and prolonged administration of aerosoliz ... | 2007 | 17300503 |
| a daring treatment and a successful outcome: the need for targeted therapies for pediatric respiratory viruses. | 2007 | 17300487 | |
| development of immunostimulatory virotherapy using non-transmissible sendai virus-activated dendritic cells. | dendritic cell (dc)-based immunotherapy has been clinically evaluated, however, still requires modification to improve its outcomes. we previously demonstrated that dcs activated by replication competent recombinant sendai virus (sev) showed dramatic efficacy over that seen in use of current dc vaccine for immunotherapy against malignancies; however, application of replication-deficient vector is more relevant in clinical setting. we here show that f-gene-deleted non-transmissible sendai virus ( ... | 2007 | 17292867 |
| identification of viruses in patients with postviral olfactory dysfunction. | causative viruses of postviral olfactory dysfunction (pvod) have not yet been identified. the aim of this study was to investigate causative viruses in patients with pvod. | 2007 | 17277621 |
| efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against respiratory diseases caused by bhv-1, pi3v, bvdv and brsv in experimentally infected calves. | the efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against viral bovine respiratory diseases (brd) was assessed in four experimental studies. calves between 2 and 9 months of age were allocated to one of two treatment groups (n=9-15) and then received either the vaccine or sterile saline in two doses approximately 3 weeks apart. three to 5 weeks after the second injection, animals were challenged experimentally with one of the viruses, bovine herpes-virus-1 (bhv-1), parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi(3)v), bovi ... | 2007 | 17276108 |
| artificially generated dendritic cells misdirect antiviral immune responses. | dendritic cells (dcs) are critical to the outcome of many viral infections. questions still remain as to the relevance of artificially generated dcs in models of in vivo immune responses. we compared different dc generation pathways, in terms of phenotypic expression, cytokine production, apoptosis, and t cell proliferation, following viral infection. direct viral infection of monocytes or monocytes cultured with supernatants from virally infected lung epithelial cells (a549 dcs) induce distinct ... | 2007 | 17267762 |
| serologic survey for pathogens potentially affecting pronghorn (antilocapra americana) fawn recruitment in arizona, usa. | during the 1990s, pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations declined in arizona, usa. to investigate potential causes of decline, we collected blood samples from hunter-harvested male pronghorn from 2001 to 2003 on four arizona sites. sera were tested for antibody to parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3), bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bluetongue virus (btv), and chlamydia psitta ... | 2006 | 17255453 |
| importance of the anti-interferon capacity of sendai virus c protein for pathogenicity in mice. | the sendai virus (sev) c protein blocks signal transduction of interferon (ifn), thereby counteracting the antiviral actions of ifn. using hela cell lines expressing truncated or mutated sev c proteins, we found that the c-terminal half has anti-ifn capacity, and that k(151)a, e(153)a, and r(154)a substitutions in the c protein eliminated this capacity. here, we further created the mutant virus sev cm*, in which k(151)a, e(153)k, and r(157)l substitutions in the c protein were introduced without ... | 2007 | 17215288 |
| effects of ectodomain sequences between hr1 and hr2 of f1 protein on the specific membrane fusion in paramyxoviruses. | to explore the effects of ectodomain sequences between hr1 and hr2 of f1 protein on the specific interaction with its homologous hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) in paramyxoviruses. | 2007 | 17191013 |
| medical burden of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 infection among us children. implications for design of vaccine trials. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) are two leading causes of lower respiratory illness (lri) in infants. many efforts have been directed to develop vaccines against these two viruses. licensure of new vaccines includes three phases of clinical trials to evaluate safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. to design an efficacy trial, age-specific incidence rates of suitable clinical endpoints need to be available. in this review, historical data are summarized to e ... | 2005 | 17038832 |
| exposure to human respiratory viruses among urban performing monkeys in indonesia. | performing monkeys, a common phenomena in asia, occupy a unique urban niche that comprises a number of factors influencing the likelihood of cross-species transmission of pathogens. here we present the first documented evidence of exposure to measles, rubella, and parainfluenza in a population of performing monkeys. evidence of exposure to these endemic human respiratory viruses in the performing monkeys confirms human-to-primate transmission and suggests the possibility of primate-to-human tran ... | 2006 | 17038700 |
| prevalence of respiratory viruses, including newly identified viruses, in hospitalised children in austria. | the aim of this epidemiological study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses, including new viruses, in hospitalised children in austria. two hundred fourteen nasopharyngeal samples from hospitalised children were tested for the presence of viruses using cell culture and pcr and/or viral antigen assays. the results revealed a parainfluenza virus 1 (piv1) outbreak that ended right before the onset of the influenza season, with nearly no overlapping, moderate respiratory syncytial ... | 2006 | 17036151 |
| paramyxovirus sendai virus v protein counteracts innate virus clearance through irf-3 activation, but not via interferon, in mice. | the present study was undertaken to clarify the role of sendai virus (sev) v protein, which has been shown to downregulate ifn-beta induction through inhibition of irf-3 activation, in viral pathogenesis. mice infected with rsev mutants, deficient in v expression or expressing v lacking the c-terminus, had several-fold higher ifn activity levels in the lungs than those in wild-type virus-infected mice, and the mutant viruses were rapidly excluded from the lung from the early phase of infection b ... | 2007 | 17027894 |
| role of airway epithelial injury in murine orthotopic tracheal allograft rejection. | murine tracheal transplantation is a model used to study bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, a major cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. unlike murine heterotopic tracheal transplants, orthotopic transplantation does not cause luminal obliteration despite major histocompatibility antigen mismatch. repopulation of the tracheal allografts with recipient-derived epithelium confers protection against luminal obliteration. the purpose of this study was to determine whether (1) ... | 2006 | 16996912 |
| seasonal trends of human parainfluenza viral infections: united states, 1990-2004. | human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) are important causes of upper and lower respiratory tract illness among children and adults. | 2006 | 16983614 |
| parotitis associated with a parainfluenza virus type 3 infection during aplasia after unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | 2006 | 16966297 | |
| systemic and mucosal immunity to respiratory syncytial virus induced by recombinant streptococcus gordonii surface-displaying a domain of viral glycoprotein g. | a conserved fragment comprising amino acid residues 130-230 of the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus subtype a was expressed in the commensal bacterium streptococcus gordonii. recombinant streptococci displaying the g domain at the cell surface were used to immunize mice via both parenteral and mucosal routes. subcutaneous immunization induced respiratory syncytial virus-specific serum immunoglobin g (igg) capable of partially controlling virus replication in the lungs. intrana ... | 2006 | 16965359 |
| [use of polymeric suspensions as a viral sorbent to detect cattle serum antibodies]. | the paper shows it possible to use stained polymeric microspheres, 1.7 microm in diameter, that contain viruses onto the surface, in the latex agglutination test to detect antibodies to the bovine serum viruses of infective rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial infection, and adenoviral infection. | 2006 | 16929599 |
| invited commentary. | 2006 | 16928533 | |
| respiratory viral infection in obliterative airway disease after orthotopic tracheal transplantation. | the long-term survival after human lung transplantation is limited by bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (bos). clinically, community-acquired respiratory viral infections have been correlated with an increased incidence of bos. the goal of this study was to investigate the role of respiratory viral infections in chronic lung allograft rejection using the murine orthotopic tracheal transplantation model. | 2006 | 16928532 |
| 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid analogues structurally modified at the c-4 position: synthesis and biological evaluation as inhibitors of human parainfluenza virus type 1. | to explore the influence of binding to human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv-1), a series of 4-o-substituted neu5ac2en derivatives 6a-e was synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit hpiv-1 sialidase. among compounds 6a-e, the 4-o-ethyl-neu5ac2en derivative 6b showed the most potent inhibitory activity (ic50 6.3 microm) against hpiv-1 sialidase. | 2006 | 16908163 |
| altered allergen-induced eosinophil trafficking and physiological dysfunction in airways with preexisting virus-induced injury. | although both asthmatics and allergic rhinitics develop an acute inflammatory response to lower airway allergen challenge, only asthmatics experience airway obstruction resulting from chronic environmental allergen exposure. hypothesizing that asthmatic airways have an altered response to chronic allergic inflammation, we compared the effects of repeated low-level exposures to inhaled alternaria extract in sensitized rats with preexisting chronic postbronchiolitis airway dysfunction versus sensi ... | 2007 | 16905639 |
| persistent inflammation and hyperresponsiveness following viral rhinosinusitis. | to develop a murine model of viral rhinosinusitis. | 2006 | 16826067 |
| parainfluenza type 3 infection post stem cell transplant: high prevalence but low mortality. | parainfluenza type 3 (piv 3) is a well-recognized cause of respiratory illness after stem cell transplantation (sct), with an estimated incidence of 2-7% and a high mortality rate associated with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti). a 12-month retrospective study was undertaken in which 23 positive cases of piv 3 occurred in sct recipients. the frequency of infection was 36.1% in matched unrelated donor sct recipients, 23.8% in sibling allogeneic sct recipients and 2.3% in autologous transp ... | 2006 | 16772104 |
| evaluation of a live trivalent vaccine for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, para-influenza type-3 virus and pasteurella multocida in calves. | a live trivalent vaccine for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr), para-influenza type-3 virus (pi3) and pasteurella multocida type b vaccine was prepared. the preparation contained 10(7) tcid50 of ibr, 10(7) tcid50 of pi3 & 10(9) cfu of p. multocida type b per 3 ml. ten calves (5-7 days old) were vaccinated intranasally while five unvaccinated calves of the same age were used as control. vaccinated calves were examined daily for disease manifestation. serum and nasal secretion specimen ... | 2004 | 16734122 |
| [clinical and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infections among adults hospitalized during 2004 influenza season]. | during yearly influenza (flu) season, flu viruses are well represented among hospitalized patients as in the community. also, other respiratory viruses could be represented among adult in-patients. aim: to describe the presence and clinical- epidemiological characteristics of non-flu respiratory virus infections (respiratory syncytial-rsv, parainfluenza and adenovirus-adv) among hospitalized adults during flu season and to compare with flu-a (ia) or -b (ib) cases. | 2006 | 16721443 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 1 but not sendai virus replicates in human respiratory cells despite ifn treatment. | sendai virus (sev) and human parainfluenza virus type i (hpiv1) are highly homologous but have distinct host ranges, murine versus human. to identify the factors that affect the host specificity of parainfluenza viruses, we determined the infectivity and anti-ifn activities of sev and hpiv1 in human and murine culture cells. sev infected normal human lung mrc-5 and murine lung mm14.lu or mlg2908 cells efficiently. infection with sev induced the release of ifn-beta into culture medium in mrc-5 ce ... | 2006 | 16677733 |
| comparison of complement fixation with two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of antibodies to respiratory viral antigens. | we compared complement fixation (cf) for the measurement of antibodies against influenza a, influenza b, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 (para-1, para-2, and para-3) with 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa kits, a and b). the igg elisa kits compared very well with each other except for the influenza a and b igg elisas. the igg elisas, in general, did not agree with cf in contrast, the igm elisas compared well with cf and each ot ... | 2006 | 16613352 |
| frequency of viruses associated with acute respiratory infections in children younger than five years of age at a locality of mexico city. | a locality in the district of tlalpan, mexico city, was selected in order to identify the viral agents in children younger than 5 years of age with acute respiratory infection (ari). a total of 300 children were randomly selected and were included in this study for a period of 13 months. during this period nasopharyngeal exudates were collected for the isolation of viral agents. monoclonal fluorescent antibodies were used for viral identification after cell culture. viral infection was detected ... | 2006 | 16612508 |
| sendai virus infection induces efficient adaptive immunity independently of type i interferons. | adaptive immunity in response to virus infection involves the generation of th1 cells, cytotoxic t cells, and antibodies. this type of immune response is crucial for the clearance of virus infection and for long-term protection against reinfection. type i interferons (ifns), the primary innate cytokines that control virus growth and spreading, can influence various aspects of adaptive immunity. the development of antiviral immunity depends on many viral and cellular factors, and the extent to wh ... | 2006 | 16611914 |
| human trachea primary epithelial cells express both sialyl(alpha2-3)gal receptor for human parainfluenza virus type 1 and avian influenza viruses, and sialyl(alpha2-6)gal receptor for human influenza viruses. | we reported previously that the dominant receptors of influenza a and b viruses, and human and murine respiroviruses, were sialylglycoproteins and gangliosides containing monosialo-lactosamine type i-and ii-residues, such as sialic acid-alpha2-3(6)-galbeta1-3(4)-glcnacbeta1-. in addition, the siaalpha2-3gal linkage was predominantly recognized by avian and horse influenza viruses, and human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv-1), whereas the siaalpha2-6gal linkage was mainly recognized by human inf ... | 2006 | 16575527 |
| role of sialic acid-containing molecules in paramyxovirus entry into the host cell: a minireview. | sialic acid-containing compounds play a key role in the initial steps of the paramyxovirus life cycle. as enveloped viruses, their entry into the host cell consists of two main events: binding to the host cell and membrane fusion. virus adsorption occurs at the surface of the host cell with the recognition of specific receptor molecules located at the cell membrane by specific viral attachment proteins. the viral attachment protein present in some paramyxoviruses (respirovirus, rubulavirus and a ... | 2006 | 16575518 |
| neuraminidase inhibitors as antiviral agents. | the enzyme neuraminidase (na) is an attractive target for antiviral strategy because of its essential role in the pathogenicity of many respiratory viruses. na removes sialic acid from the surface of infected cells and virus particles, thereby preventing viral self-aggregation and promoting efficient viral spread; na also plays a role in the initial penetration of the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract. random screening for inhibitors has identified only low-affinity and nonselective viral ... | 2005 | 16535861 |
| suppression of pattern-recognition receptor tlr4 sensing does not alter lung responses to pneumovirus infection. | toll-like receptors (tlr) are an important component in the innate immune response to a wide variety of pathogens. recently, a series of studies has addressed the hypothesis that tlr4 also participates in the host innate response against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. in most of the studies available, rsv, which is not a natural pathogen of mice, has been systematically used in mouse models of human bronch ... | 2006 | 16458035 |
| viral pneumonia in older adults. | viruses account for a substantial portion of respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia, in the elderly population. presently, influenza virus a h3n2 and respiratory syncytial virus are the most commonly identified viral pathogens in older adults with viral pneumonia. as diagnostic tests such as reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction become more widely used, the relative importance of additional viruses (such as parainfluenza, rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and human metapneumovirus) will ... | 2006 | 16421796 |
| transmissibility, infectivity and immunogenicity of a live human parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccine (hpiv3cp45) among susceptible infants and toddlers. | this study examined the transmissibility between young children of an intranasally administered live attenuated human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3)-cp45 vaccine candidate. | 2006 | 16406170 |
| structure of the parainfluenza virus 5 f protein in its metastable, prefusion conformation. | enveloped viruses have evolved complex glycoprotein machinery that drives the fusion of viral and cellular membranes, permitting entry of the viral genome into the cell. for the paramyxoviruses, the fusion (f) protein catalyses this membrane merger and entry step, and it has been postulated that the f protein undergoes complex refolding during this process. here we report the crystal structure of the parainfluenza virus 5 f protein in its prefusion conformation, stabilized by the addition of a c ... | 2006 | 16397490 |
| [use of diacarb in the treatment of children with epilepsy and febrile seizures]. | an analysis of the use of diacarb in treatment of 96 children with epilepsy and febrile seizures was carried out. positive effects of the medication have been observed in these patients in terms of decreasing episodes of epilepsy seizures, protecting against recurrence of febrile seizures as well as positive electroencephalogram dynamics against background of the treatment. it enables the medication to be used as a preventive means of seizures in children with epilepsy and febrile seizures. | 2005 | 16396300 |
| contribution of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses to acute respiratory infections in san luis potosí, mexico. | respiratory viruses are the main pathogens associated with acute respiratory illness (ari) in children. | 2005 | 16371864 |
| memory t cell populations in the lung airways are maintained by continual recruitment. | effector memory t cell populations in the periphery play a key role in cellular immune responses to secondary infections. however, it is unclear how these populations are maintained under steady-state conditions in nonlymphoid peripheral sites, such as the lung airways. in this study, we show that lfa-1 expression is selectively down-regulated following entry of memory t cells into the lung airways. using sendai virus as a mouse model of respiratory virus infection, we use lfa-1 expression level ... | 2006 | 16365448 |
| interferon-induced alterations in the pattern of parainfluenza virus 5 transcription and protein synthesis and the induction of virus inclusion bodies. | although parainfluenza virus 5 (simian virus 5 [sv5]) circumvents the interferon (ifn) response by blocking ifn signaling and by reducing the amount of ifn released by infected cells, its ability to circumvent the ifn response is not absolute. the effects of ifn on sv5 infection were examined in vero cells, which do not produce but can respond to ifn, using a strain of sv5 (cpi-) which does not block ifn signaling. thus, by infecting vero cells with cpi- and subsequently treating the cells with ... | 2005 | 16254346 |
| naturally occurring parainfluenza virus 3 infection in adults induces mild exacerbation of asthma associated with increased sputum concentrations of cysteinyl leukotrienes. | viral respiratory tract infections represent the most frequent cause of asthma exacerbation in both children and adults, but the precise mechanism of such exacerbation remains unknown. | 2005 | 16215328 |
| human parainfluenza virus 3 neuraminidase activity contributes to dendritic cell maturation. | mechanisms of dendritic cells (dcs) immunomodulation by parainfluenza viruses have not been characterized. we analyzed whether the human parainfluenza 3 (hpf3) virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein (hn) might influence dc maturation. hn possesses a receptor binding function and a neuraminidase or desialidating activity. to assess whether the neuraminidase activity of hn affects dc maturation, human myeloid dcs were exposed to either live or uv-inactivated hpf3 viruses containing wild ty ... | 2005 | 16212531 |
| ccl5-ccr5 interaction provides antiapoptotic signals for macrophage survival during viral infection. | host defense against viruses probably depends on targeted death of infected host cells and then clearance of cellular corpses by macrophages. for this process to be effective, the macrophage must presumably avoid its own virus-induced death. here we identify one such mechanism. we show that mice lacking the chemokine ccl5 are immune compromised to the point of delayed viral clearance, excessive airway inflammation and respiratory death after mouse parainfluenza or human influenza virus infection ... | 2005 | 16208318 |
| activation of innate defense against a paramyxovirus is mediated by rig-i and tlr7 and tlr8 in a cell-type-specific manner. | recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (prrs), which recognize specific molecular structures of the infectious agents and subsequently trigger expression of genes involved in host defense. toll-like receptors (tlrs) represent a well-characterized class of membrane-bound prrs, and the rna helicase retinoic acid inducible gene i (rig-i) has recently been described as a novel cytoplasmic prr recognizing double-stranded rna (dsrna). here we ... | 2005 | 16188996 |
| identification and characterization of mavs, a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein that activates nf-kappab and irf 3. | viral infection triggers host innate immune responses through activation of the transcription factors nf-kappab and irf 3, which coordinately regulate the expression of type-i interferons such as interferon-beta (ifn-beta). herein, we report the identification of a novel protein termed mavs (mitochondrial antiviral signaling), which mediates the activation of nf-kappab and irf 3 in response to viral infection. silencing of mavs expression through rna interference abolishes the activation of nf-k ... | 2005 | 16125763 |
| replication of respiratory viruses, particularly influenza virus, rhinovirus, and coronavirus in huh7 hepatocarcinoma cell line. | detection of viral antigens and isolation methods has long been used for the diagnosis of respiratory virus infections. the objective was to determine the ability of huh7 cells to support the replication of prototype and wild strains of respiratory viruses. the cell culture-adapted strains of influenza viruses a and b, parainfluenza viruses 1-4, respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, both strains of the human metapneumoviruses, numerous rhinoviruses, most of the adenoviruses, coronaviruses 229e ... | 2005 | 16121382 |
| t cell memory in the lung airways. | the respiratory tract poses a substantial challenge to the immune system due to its large surface area, an extensive vasculature that is in very close proximity to the external environment, and repeated exposure to potentially pathogenic organisms in the air. yet many lung pathogens are controlled by appropriate immune responses. the underlying mechanisms of the adaptive cellular immune response in protecting the respiratory tract are poorly understood. recently, it has emerged that memory cd4(+ ... | 2005 | 16113480 |
| [diagnostic tests: parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3, 4]. | 2005 | 16111271 | |
| development of a real-time rt-pcr assay for detection and quantitation of parainfluenza virus 3. | a taqman-based real-time rt-pcr assay was developed to detect and quantify human parainfluenza virus 3 (piv3). two sets of primer-probe pairs were designed based on the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the nucleocapsid (n) gene. the primer-probe pairs were derived from the 3' end of the n gene (set 1) and the 5' region of the gene (set 2), respectively. using real-time rt-pcr, the sensitivity of set 1 was determined to be about 9 copies of piv3 genome, while the sensitivity of set 2 was about 93 copi ... | 2005 | 16076498 |
| endothelin-mediated increases in lung vegf content promote vascular leak in young rats exposed to viral infection and hypoxia. | viral respiratory infections increase the susceptibility of young animals to hypoxia-induced pulmonary edema formation. previous work has shown that increased lung levels of endothelin (et) contribute to this effect, though the mechanisms by which et promotes vascular leak remain uncertain. both in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that et can upregulate the production of vegf, which is known to increase vascular permeability. we hypothesized that increases in lung et promote increases in lung ... | 2005 | 16040626 |
| sendai virus trailer rna simultaneously blocks two apoptosis-inducing mechanisms in a cell type-dependent manner. | induction of apoptosis during sendai virus (sev) infection has previously been documented to be triggered by initiator caspases (for strain f) or by a contribution of the cellular protein tiar (t-cell-activated intracellular antigen-related) (for strain z). here, evidence was provided that both tiar and caspases are simultaneously involved in apoptosis induction as a result of infection with sev strain f. sev f infection induced death in all tested cell lines, which could only be partially preve ... | 2005 | 16033978 |
| entry of parainfluenza virus into cells as a target for interrupting childhood respiratory disease. | human parainfluenza viruses cause several serious respiratory diseases in children for which there is no effective prevention or therapy. parainfluenza viruses initiate infection by binding to cell surface receptors and then, via coordinated action of the 2 viral surface glycoproteins, fuse directly with the cell membrane to release the viral replication machinery into the host cell's cytoplasm. during this process, the receptor-binding molecule must trigger the viral fusion protein to mediate f ... | 2005 | 16007245 |
| sendai virus-induced alterations in lung structure/function correlate with viral loads and reveal a wide resistance/susceptibility spectrum among mouse strains. | the paramyxoviridae family includes some of the most important and ubiquitous disease-causing viruses of infants and children, most of which cause significant infections of the respiratory tract. evidence is accumulating in humans that genetic factors are involved in the severity of clinical presentation. as a first step toward the identification of the genes involved, this study was undertaken to establish whether laboratory mouse strains differ in susceptibility to sendai virus, the murine cou ... | 2005 | 16006482 |