Publications

transovarial transmission of west nile virus in culex vishnui mosquito.	the phenomenon of transovarial transmission (tot) of west nile (wn) virus in culex vishnui was studied. the virus was detected in the progeny of both first and second gonotropic cycles (g1 and g2). about 5.56 per cent pools of f1 progeny from the parent females infected by the oral route were found positive for wn virus. this is the first report of tot of wn virus in this species of mosquito. the occurrence of this phenomenon is of considerable importance in view of complex natural cycle of the ...	2001	12040765
eco-epidemiological characteristics of an unstable peri-urban focus of falciparum malaria.	two fever surveys were carried out in shahbad dairy, delhi in the post-monsoon months of october and november, 1996. shahbad dairy is a peri-urban locality in the northern periphery of delhi. the prevalence of fever was found to be 11.6% in october and 2% in november. in the two surveys a total of 21 (28%) fever cases were found infected with malaria (17 with p. falciparum and 4 with p. vivax). the prevalence of malaria in the surveyed population was lower (25%) in october than in november (36.8 ...	2001	11898456
factors influencing the abundance of japanese encephalitis vectors in ricefields in india--i. abiotic.	mosquitoes of the culex vishnui subgroup (diptera: culicidae) are the most important vectors of japanese encephalitis (je) and ricefields are their most productive breeding sites in south india, where predominant species of this subgroup are culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, cx. pseudovishnui colless and cx. vishnui theobald sensu stricto. the relationship of 13 abiotic variables with the abundance of cx. vishnui subgroup immatures was investigated in transplanted rice fields for 3 years (1991-94) ...	2001	11776457
japanese encephalitis epidemic in anantapur district, andhra pradesh (october-november, 1999).	epidemic of japanese encephalitis has occurred in andhra pradesh during october-november, 1999 affecting 15 out of 23 districts. in total, 873 cases with 178 deaths have been recorded up to the day 29.11.99. the epidemiological investigation has been done in anantapur district in western andhra pradesh, where the outbreak has started in the third week of october. in the district 47 phc have been affected. on an average 4.5 per cent of 3175 villages have been affected. average number of cases per ...	2000	11668943
effects of organic and inorganic fertilisers on mosquito populations in rice fields of southern india.	the effects of nitrogenous (inorganic) fertilisers, organic manures and blue-green algae (bga) biofertiliser on mosquito populations (diptera: culicidae) were studied in rice fields of madurai, tamil nadu, south india, with particular attention to culex vishnui theobald, cx. pseudovishnui colless and cx. tritaeniorhynchus giles, the vectors of japanese encephalitis (je). the application of urea, a nitrogenous fertiliser, in rice fields significantly increased the grain yield and the population d ...	2000	11129699
heterogeneity in the host preference of japanese encephalitis vectors in chiang mai, northern thailand.	experiments, using the capture-mark-release-recapture technique inside large nets, were carried out in chiang mai, northern thailand, to examine heterogeneity in the host preference of japanese encephalitis (je) vectors. a significantly higher proportion of the vector species that were initially attracted to a cow fed when released into a net with a cow than when released into a net containing a pig. however, culex vishnui individuals that had been attracted to a pig had a higher feeding rate in ...	2000	10974986
identification of culex vishnui subgroup (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes from the ryukyu archipelago, japan: development of a species-diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay based on sequence variation in ribosomal dna spacers.	the culex vishnui subgroup includes three important vectors of japanese encephalitis virus, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, cx. pseudovishnui colless, and cx. vishnui theobald, all of which occur in the ryukyu archipelago, japan. although these three species have been shown to be vectors of je virus in many areas of southeast asia, it is not yet known what role each plays in the transmission of the virus in this region. reliable identification of adult, field-collected specimens is a critical com ...	2000	10916296
blood meal identification by using microdot elisa in vector mosquitoes.	the blood meals of five mosquito species which are vectors for malaria, j.e. and filaria were determined by using microdot elisa technique, which is a rapid and sensitive method. a total of 4354 freshly fed mosquitoes comprising of anopheles culicifacies, an stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus, cx. vishnui gp. and cx. tritaeniorhynchus were tested. results of the study reveal that highest proportion of an. culicifacies between 76-100% fed on bovine host followed by 0.3 to 24.2% on human. cx. vishn ...	1998	10810570
mosquito and aquatic predator communities in ground pools on lands deforested for rice field development in central sulawesi, indonesia.	aquatic habitats, mosquitoes, and larvivorous predators were studied on deforested lands in central sulawesi, indonesia. open ground pools, mainly in depressions made by the treads of bulldozers and other heavy equipment, were numerous but because of their small size, comprised ca. 1% or less of the total area of the deforested lands studied. the dominant mosquitoes in these pools were anopheles vagus, culex vishnui, culex tritaeniorhynchus, and culex gelidus. the 1st 2 species were dominant in ...	1999	10412104
dynamics of japanese encephalitis--a study in mathematical epidemiology.	an s-->i-->r-->s (susceptible-infective-recovered-susceptible) epidemiological model coupling the dynamics of the spread of japanese encephalitis (je) in two populations, human and reservoir animals (pigs, cattle, equines, birds, etc.) through a vector population (a particular species of mosquitos, culex vishnui, culex tritaeniorhynchus, etc.) is discussed. we assume that there is a constant recruitment rate of the susceptibles into both the populations, whereas the death rates are proportional ...	1999	10335598
species diversity and interspecific associations among mosquitoes in rice agro-ecosystem of kheda district, gujarat.	rice agro-ecosystem of kheda district in central gujarat was inhabited by 14 species of anophelines and 15 species of culicines. anopheles subpictus and culex vishnui gr dominated the respective groups. species diversity in rice fields as well as in associated habitats remained high during non-monsoon (rabi) period. there existed several positive and negative interspecific associations. malaria vector an. culicifacies showed positive association with an. subpictus, an. annularis, an. pallidus an ...	1998	10319558
comparisons of rice field mosquito (diptera: culicidae) abundance among areas with different agricultural practices in northern thailand.	adult mosquitoes were collected from 3 areas in northern thailand with different availabilities of rice fields for larval habitats by using blacklight, truck, and pig-baited traps. culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and culex gelidus theobald were dominant in all samples. significant study-area differences were found in light and truck trap collections for cx. tritaeniorhynchus and cx. gelidus, but not for culex vishnui theobald + culex pseudovishnui colless. in pig-baited sample area differences wer ...	1998	9775619
a note on tolerance to insecticides in culex vishnui, a japanese encephalitis vector.		1997	9465539
japanese encephalitis in south arcot district, tamil nadu, india: a three-year longitudinal study of vector abundance and infection frequency.	in the south arcot district, an area endemic for japanese encephalitis in tamil nadu, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, culex vishnui theobald, culex gelidus theobald and culex fuscocephala theobald constituted 93.6% of 422,621 adult females representing 27 culicine species collected between august 1991 and july 1994. vector abundance was lowest in the hot and dry season (april-june) and highest in the cool and wet season (october-december). overall, 285,531 adult female mosquitoes (5,710 pools) we ...	1997	9439119
role of some environmental factors in modulating seasonal abundance of potential japanese encephalitis vectors in assam, india.	temporal changes in the abundance of host-seeking, potential japanese encephalitis (je) vector mosquitos and the role of some ecological factors that are modulating the abundance of vector mosquitos were studied. vector surveillance was conducted for one year in 4 je prone villages of dibrugarh, assam. among potential je vectors, the most abundant mosquito was culex vishnui s.s. comprising about 22.32%. maximum density of the mosquito was found during the month of april and another peak was obse ...	1996	9280008
a survey of larval and adult mosquitoes on the flood plains of bangladesh, in relation to flood-control activities.	a mosquito survey was carried out between october 1991 and november 1992 on the flood plains of bangladesh, as part of a baseline study designed to help predict the effects on vector-borne diseases of embanking rivers under the bangladesh government's flood action plan. overall, 15 species of larval and 15 species of adult anophelines were collected, along with 13 larval and 21 adult culicines. anophelines made up only 6% of the mosquitoes caught at human bait. the most abundant anopheline bitin ...	1996	9039274
effectiveness of repellent formulations containing deet against mosquitoes in northeastern thailand.	formulations of the repellent diethyl methyl benzamide (deet) were evaluated against mosquitoes in field tests conducted in sisaket province, northeastern thailand. thirty-three percent deet in an applicator stick provided > or = 87.1% protection against primarily culex vishnui, cx. gelidus, and cx. tritaeniorhynchus for up to 5 h, and 50% deet in ethanol provided > or = 93.3% protection against anopheles sp. and culicines for up to 8 h. the u.s. army extended duration repellent formulation ([ed ...	1996	8827616
mosquito breeding in relation to aquatic vegetation and some physico-chemical parameters in rice fields of central gujarat.	mosquito breeding in relation to aquatic vegetation and certain physico-chemical parameters was studied in rice fields of kheda district in central gujarat. a total of 14 anopheline and 15 culicine species were encountered in close association with different types of aquatic vegetation in different proportions. among anophelines, anopheles annularis, an. nigerrimus, an. subpictus and an. tessellatus were of general distribution and were found associated with each aquatic vegetation. an. culicifa ...	1996	8690130
ecology of mosquitos (diptera: culicidae) at a site endemic with japanese encephalitis on luzon, republic of the philippines.	a 2-year study of the ecology of mosquitos was conducted in a rice-growing area in the philippines. forty-four species in 8 genera were collected using 6 techniques, with culex vishnui being most abundant. of all the anopheles collected, most species were exophagic, while most of the culex species collected were endophagic. anthropophilic or zoophilic feeding patterns were estimated using man-to-animal biting ratios. peak periods of mosquito abundance occurred several months after the onset of b ...	1993	8395738
studies on japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes in selangor, malaysia.	mosquito collections were carried out from may to june 1992 and from september to december 1992 in an area where a case of japanese encephalitis was confirmed. a total of 40,072 mosquitoes belonging to 35 species and 8 genera were collected. the dominant species in that locality were culex vishnui, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex pseudovishnui, culex gelidus, aedes butleri, and mansonia uniformis.	1993	8126485
host feeding patterns of culex vishnui sub group of mosquitoes in dibrugarh district of assam.	the host feeding patterns of three species of mosquitoes belonging to vishnui sub group, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex vishnui and culex pseudovishnui, the most prevalent species in dibrugarh district were determined by analysing their blood meals. all 3 species were found be essentially zoophilic. high percentage of pig feeding was observed in culex tritaeniorhynchus (40 per cent) and culex vishnui (35.3 per cent) in comparison to other prevalent species in this area. in contrast culex pseudov ...	1994	7868835
experimental studies on the susceptibility of domestic pigs to west nile virus followed by japanese encephalitis virus infection and vice versa.	a study on the susceptibility of domestic pigs to west nile virus (wnv) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection was carried out. one batch of pigs was inoculated with wnv followed by jev and another batch was inoculated vice versa. the first batch developed low level of viraemia and haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies to both viruses. there was a booster effect on the already existing wnv antibodies after challenging with jev. in the second batch the animals developed high level ...	1994	7817897
mosquito (diptera: culicidae) and predator abundance in irrigated and rain-fed rice fields in north sulawesi, indonesia.	immature mosquito species composition and abundance were studied in irrigated and rain-fed rice fields of north sulawesi, indonesia. irrigated rice fields were characterized by the prevalence of aquatic macrophytes and cyprinodont larvivorous fish, aplocheilus panchax (hamilton), but abundance per dip of most aquatic insect predators was lower than that in rain-fed rice fields. anopheles peditaeniatus (leicester), culex vishnui theobald, and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, were dominant in both i ...	1995	7616528
isolation of japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected in sabak bernam, selangor, malaysia in 1992.	detection and isolation of japanese encephalitis (je) virus were attempted from female mosquitoes collected in kampong pasir panjang, sabak bernam, selangor, from may to november 1992. a total of 7,400 mosquitoes consisting of 12 species in 148 pools were processed and inoculated into aedes albopictus clone c6/36 cell cultures. of these, 26 pools showed the presence of viral antigens in the infected c6/36 cells by specific immunoperoxidase staining using an anti-je virus polyclonal antibody. pre ...	1995	7616198
experimental transmission of japanese encephalitis virus by culex vishnui theobald.		1984	6086511
[taxonomic studies on culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and culex vishnui theobald. 9. re-examination of the upright forked scales covering the vertex of the adult insect].		1968	5692204
studies on the mosquitoes of north arcot district, madras state, india. 6. seasonal prevalence of the culex vishnui group of species.		1971	4400664
studies on the mosquitoes of north arcot district, madras state, india. 5. breeding places of the culex vishnui group of species.		1971	4400663
an analysis of mosquito collections with special reference to the incidence and prevalence of 'culex vishnui complex' in the japanese encephalitis infected localities of north arcot district, madras state, india, from december 1955 through december 1957.		1969	4321467
transovarial transmission of japanese encephalitis virus in culex vishnui mosquitoes.		1986	3817929
density of culex vishnui and appearance of je antibody in sentinel chicks and wild birds in relation to japanese encephalitis cases.	in the district of burdwan, a rural area of west bengal state, india, japanese encephalitis (je) virus is endemic. in one village a longitudinal survey was conducted in order to find out whether associations could be established between the density of the vector mosquito culex vishnui in two types of resting places, the incidence of infections in sentinel chicks exposed at monthly intervals, the prevalence of antibodies in wild birds and the occurrence of clinical infections in the human populat ...	1986	3008391
susceptibility status of vectors of japanese encephalitis to insecticides in south arcot and tirunelveli districts of tamil nadu.	villages in south arcot and tirunelveli districts with high incidence of japanese encephalitis were selected for the study of insecticidal resistance to vectors. culex vishnui and anopheles hyrcanus group were found to be resistant to ddt (4 per cent for 60 min. exposure) and dieldrin (0.4 per cent for 60 min. exposure) but susceptible to malathion (5 per cent for 60 min. exposure). so far, this is perhaps the first report of anopheles hyrcanus group resistant to ddt and dieldrin to be reported ...	1989	2559119
seroepidemiological study of japanese encephalitis in dimapur, nagaland.	a seroepidemiological study of japanese encephalitis (je) in dimapur, nagaland was carried out following an outbreak of the disease between july, 1985 and february, 1986. altogether 50 persons were affected with 30 (60 per cent) deaths. the attack and death rates per 1000 were more in nagas viz. 0.55 and 0.34 than non-nagas viz. 0.33 and 0.20 respectively. all ages and both sexes were affected. of the nine mosquito species encountered culex vishnui showed the highest density (44.5/mh). culture o ...	1989	2553798
susceptibility status of culex vishnui to ddt and dieldrin in deoria, uttar pradesh.		1989	2553797
colonization of rice fields by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and larvivorous predators in asynchronous rice cultivation areas in the philippines.	colonization of rice fields by mosquitoes and larvivorous predators was studied in asynchronous rice cultivation areas in the philippines. dipper samples were taken from rice fields at six phases of maturity (fallow, ploughed, nursery, newly transplanted, after tillering, mature). all phases were present concurrently at each of two study sites. abundance levels of the vishnui subgroup of culex and of the genus anopheles were high in ploughed fields, nurseries, and newly transplanted fields; this ...	1990	2388229
occurrence of culex vishnui group of mosquitoes in the rural areas of a desert district (bikaner).	two important mosquito vectors viz., c. pseudovishnui and c. tritaeneorhynchus have been studied with respect to their occurrence, breeding and peculiar resting habitats in the desert district of bikaner, rajasthan. resting habitats such as depressions made on the walls of rain water ponds by water current and breeding habitats like agricultural wells are reported. the abiotic ecological conditions peculiar to desert like saline water, ph and high temperature were correlated with species densiti ...	1991	1959957
resistance levels of nine mosquito species to 4% ddt in phnom penh, kampuchea.	according to the standard who method criteria, the mosquitoes anopheles campestris and culex vishnui were found to be susceptible to ddt in the territory of phnom penh. an. vagus and an. sinensis were approximately at the limit of susceptibility and the remaining five species (aedes vexans, cx. tritaeniorhynchus, cx. fuscocephala, cx. gelidus, cx. bitaeniorhynchus) were found to be more or less resistant. except for an. vagus, the males of all species were more susceptible than the females.	1991	1808034
aquatic macrophytes and the associated mosquitoes in and around madurai city (tamil nadu).	a survey of mosquitoes was carried out in 7 weeded astatic ponds in and around madurai from october 1990 to january 1991 to qualitatively determine the macrophyte-mosquito larvae association. members of culex vishnui subgroup were associated with most of the macrophytes. eichhornia crassipes, marsilea quadrifolia and spirodella polyrhiza showed a high potential for mosquito breeding and azolla sp., a very low potential for both anophelines and culicines.	1991	1688022