Publications

identification of the molting hormone of the sweet potato (bemisia tabaci) and greenhouse (trialeurodes vaporariorum) whitefly.	in order to identify the whitefly molting hormone, whole body extracts of mature 4th instar and newly formed pharate adult bemisia tabaci (biotype b) and trialeurodes vaporariorum were prepared and subjected to reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (rphplc). ecdysteroid content of fractions was determined by enzymeimmunoassay (eia). the only detectable ecdysteroids that were present in significant amounts in whitefly extracts were ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone. the concentration ...	2005	15686645
delphastus catalinae and coleomegilla maculata lengi (coleoptera: coccinellidae) as biological control agents of the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (homoptera: aleyrodidae).	predation efficacy and compatibility of the predatory lady beetles coleomegilla maculata lengi timberlake and delphastus catalinae (horn) against the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) were studied in laboratory on glabrous fuchsia (fuchsia hybrida voss cv lena corolla) and pubescent poinsettia plants (euphorbia pulcherrima willd ex klotzch cv dark red annette hegg). on glabrous plants (fuchsia), fourth-instar and adults of c maculata were the most efficient, both against ...	2004	15532680
entomopathogenic fungi from 'el eden' ecological reserve, quintana roo, mexico.	entomopathogenic fungi were isolated and identified from insects collected from the tropical forest and an agricultural area at el eden ecological reserve, quintana roo, mexico. these fungi were studied to determine their potential as biological control agents of greenhouse trialeurodes vaporariorum (homoptera: aleyrodidae), and to contribute to the knowledge of biodiversity of this area. no pest insects were observed in the tropical forest. in contrast, all insects collected in the agricultural ...	2004	15487323
insecticidal properties of a chenopodium-based botanical.	the emulsifiable concentrate uda-245 based on an essential oil extract from chenopodium ambrosioides variety near ambrosioides, a north american herbaceous plant, was compared with commercially available pesticides for their effectiveness to control green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer) (homoptera: aphididae), western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), and greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorium (westwood) (homoptera: aleyrodidae). side e ...	2004	15384351
analysis of the rna of potato yellow vein virus: evidence for a tripartite genome and conserved 3'-terminal structures among members of the genus crinivirus.	double-stranded rna preparations produced from potato plants graft-inoculated with a peruvian isolate of potato yellow vein virus (pyvv; genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae) contain five rna species denoted rna 1, rna 2, rna 3, x and y of approximately 8, 5.3, 3.8, 2.0 and 1.8 kbp, respectively. the complete nucleotide sequences of pyvv rnas 1, 2 and 3 and northern hybridization analysis showed that pyvv rna 1 contained the replication module and an additional open reading frame (p7), while ...	2004	15218192
biological control of greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum) with fungal insecticides.	the influence of the biological insecticide botanigard (beauveria bassiana) on different developmental stages of the greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum) has been tested and compared with the influence of preferal (paecilomyces fumosoroseus), also a biological product. six experiments were set up to test the two products on eggs, which were four and seven days old, on larvae of the first, second/third and fourth stage and to test the effect on egg-deposition. these experiments were al ...	2003	15149114
biology and use of the whitefly parasitoid encarsia formosa.	encarsia formosa is a parasitoid used worldwide for the biological control of whiteflies on vegetables and ornamental plants grown in greenhouses. because of outstanding success in controlling trialeurodes vaporariorum on tomatoes, the biology and behavior of this wasp have been intensively studied to identify attributes that contribute to successful biological control and how best to manipulate augmentative releases into greenhouses to suppress whitefly population growth. in this article, we re ...	1998	15012401
[evaluation of interactive efficacy of two mycoinsecticides and low application rate imidacloprid in controlling greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum (homoptera: aleyrodidae)].	the interactive effects of pure emulsifiable formulations (10(10) conidia.ml-1) of beauveria bassiana and paecilomyces fumosoroseus conidia and 1% and 3% of imidacloprid 10% wp were tested for controlling greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum, on lettuce grown in four polyethylene film-covered greenhouses (5 m x 100 m) in kunming, yunnan. six fungal treatments, two imidacloprid ones, and one water-spray control were included in the experiment, with each being replicated in three plots ( ...	2003	14997650
characterization of acetylcholinesterases, and their genes, from the hemipteran species myzus persicae (sulzer), aphis gossypii (glover), bemisia tabaci (gennadius) and trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood).	gene sequences encoding putative acetylcholinesterases have been reported for four hemipteran insect species. although acetylcholinesterase insensitivity occurs in insecticide-resistant populations of each of these species, no mutations were detected in the gene sequences from the resistant insects. this, coupled with a series of experiments using novel reversible inhibitors to compare the biochemical characteristics of acetylcholinesterase from a range of insect species, showed that the cloned ...	2003	14986922
toxicity of plant essential oils to trialeurodes vaporariorum (homoptera: aleyrodidae).	a total of 53 plant essential oils were tested for their insecticidal activities against eggs, nymphs, and adults of trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood, using an impregnated filter paper bioassays without allowing direct contact. responses varied according to oil type and dose, and developmental stage of the insect. bay, caraway seed, clove leaf, lemon eucalyptus, lime dis 5 f, pennyroyal, peppermint, rosewood, spearmint, and tea tree oils were highly effective against t. vaporariorum adults, ny ...	2003	14650521
volatiles from whitefly-infested plants elicit a host-locating response in the parasitoid, encarsia formosa.	the blend of volatile compounds emitted by bean plants (phaseolus vulgaris) infested with greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum) has been studied comparatively with undamaged plants and whiteflies themselves. collection of the volatiles and analysis by gas chromatography revealed more than 20 compounds produced by plants infested with whitefly. of these, 4 compounds, (z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, 3-octanone, and one unidentified compound were emitted at higher levels ...	2003	12921437
identification and sequence analysis of potato yellow vein virus capsid protein minor gene.	potato yellow vein virus (pyvv) is a whitefly-transmitted (trialeurodes vaporariorum) closterovirus (wtc) with an as yet unidentified genome composition. pyvv dsrna preparations consist of three high molecular weight dsrna species (dsrnas 1, 2 and 3) 8.0, 5.5 and 4.0 kbp in size respectively, as well as two low molecular weight dsrna species of 2.0 and 1.8 kbp (denoted x and y). the pyvv capsid protein minor (cpm) gene was identified on the dsrna 3 species, and was subsequently cloned and sequen ...	2002	12881642
timing and ecdysteroid regulation of the molt in last instar greenhouse whiteflies (trialeurodes vaporariorum).	a system of markers has been devised to track the development of 3rd and 4th instar/pharate adult greenhouse whiteflies. instars were identified based on measurements of body width and body length. depending upon the host plant, the product of the two measurements was exceptionally useful in distinguishing between instars. body depth was used to divide the 3rd instar into eight stages and body depth and color and appearance of the developing adult eye were used to divide the 4th instar/pharate a ...	2002	12770133
effectiveness of juventox 040 sl in the control of glasshouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum) on tomato cv. gracja.	in 1999 a glasshouse experiment was carried out on the effectiveness of juventox 040 sl at the concentration 0.05% in the control of glasshouse whitefly on tomato. the standard treatment was pyriproxyfen. in order to determine the efficiency of the insecticides the dynamics of whitefly development was determined for each treatment and in the control on 10 plants, on 3 leafs per plant. juventox 040sl performed well in limiting of glasshouse whitefly and keep pest population on low level for many ...	2002	12696430
novaluron (rimon), a novel igr--mechanism, selectivity and importance in ipm programs.	novaluron (rimon), a new igr, acts by both ingestion and contact. it is a powerful toxicant for controlling lepidopteran larvae resulting in lc-90 values of 0.42 and 0.30 mg a.i./liter for spodoptera littoralis and s. exigua, respectively. its residual activity under field conditions ranges between 10 and 30 days depending on environmental conditions. the compound is a powerful toxicant against developing stages of whiteflies, resulting in lc-90 values of 0.68 and 8.56 mg a.i./liter for bemisia ...	2002	12696429
seasonal population dynamics of the greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum (homoptera: aleyrodidae) on strawberries in southern california.	the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood), has recently become a major insect pest of strawberries in southern california. the population dynamics of this pest were monitored over 2 yr in six commercial strawberry fields near the coastal communities of oxnard and ventura under two crop-production regimes, summer- and fall-planted strawberries. adult whitefly numbers generally peaked during the february through may period for fall-planted strawberries and during the october th ...	2002	12539829
sequence analysis and genomic organization of aphid lethal paralysis virus: a new member of the family dicistroviridae.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of an aphid-infecting virus, aphid lethal paralysis virus (alpv), has been determined. the genome is 9812 nt in length and contains two long open reading frames (orfs), which are separated by an intergenic region of 163 nt. the first orf (5' orf) is preceded by an untranslated leader sequence of 506 nt, while an untranslated region of 571 nt follows the second orf (3' orf). the deduced amino acid sequences of the 5' orf and 3' orf products resp ...	2002	12466490
spinosad, a new tool for insect control in vegetables cultivated in greenhouses.	spinosad is a biological insecticide derived as a fermentation product from the soil actinomycete saccharopolyspora spinosa. the compound was tested for its possible use in northwestern europe in vegetables cultivated in greenhouses. spinosad is an insect control agent that has activity against a wide range of insect pests including caterpillars, leafminers and thrips. because of its selectivity on a large number of beneficials used in greenhouses, spinosad is an interesting tool for insect cont ...	2001	12425058
biorational agents--mechanism and importance in ipm and irm programs for controlling agricultural pests.	among the new approaches for controlling agricultural pests is the development of novel compounds affecting specific processes in insects such as chitin synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone mimics and ecdysone agonists. in addition, efforts have been made to develop compounds acting selectively on groups of insects by inhibiting or enhancing biochemical sites such as respiration (diafenthiuron), the nicotinyl acetylcholine receptors (imidacloprid and acetamiprid), the gaba receptors (avermecti ...	2001	12425057
pathogenicity of aschersonia spp. against whiteflies bemisia argentifolii and trialeurodes vaporariorum.	entomopathogenic fungi of the genus aschersonia are specific for whitefly and scale insects. they can be used as biological control agents against silverleaf whitefly, bemisia argentifolii and greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum. forty-four isolates of aschersonia spp. were tested for their ability to sporulate and germinate on semi-artificial media and to infect insect hosts. seven isolates sporulated poorly (less than 1x10(7) conidia/dry weight) and 10 were not able to infect either ...	2002	12417207
the nymphal-adult molt of the silverleaf whitefly (bemisia argentifolii): timing, regulation, and progress.	the developmental progress of silverleaf whitefly (bemisia argentifolii) 3rd instars and 4th instar/pharate adults was monitored using a tracking system that had been designed to identify synchronous individuals in another species of whitefly, the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum. when reared on greenbean under conditions of ld 16:8 and a temperature of 26 +/- 2 degrees c, the body depth of 3rd instar slwfs increased from approximately 0.04 mm (stage 2) to 0.175-0.2 mm (stage 7-8) ...	2002	12232874
co-development of encarsia formosa (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) and the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (homoptera: aleyrodidae): a histological examination.	using histological techniques, we have simultaneously examined the co-development of the aphelinid parasitoid encarsia formosa and its host the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum. previously we have determined that regardless of the whitefly instar parasitized, parasitoid larvae would not molt to their final instar until the whitefly reaches its maximum dimensions. in unparasitized t. vaporariorum, this point in development corresponds to the initiation of the adult molt. in part, th ...	2002	12210957
evaluation of peracid activated organophosphates in studies of insecticide resistance conferred by insensitive acetylcholinesterases.	peracid activated organophosphorus (op) insecticides were evaluated against electric eel and a range of insect acetylcholinesterases (ache). incubation of chlorpyrifos and sulprofos with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mcpba) produced active metabolites capable of distinguishing between ache enzymes conferring op susceptibility and resistance in populations of the tobacco whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, and the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner. these products were also active against e ...	2002	12020023
field trials measuring the effects of ultraviolet-absorbing greenhouse plastic films on insect populations.	field studies were conducted to compare insect population levels in greenhouse crops covered with plastics that block the transmission of uv light in two wavelength ranges. crops grown in greenhouses under a plastic that blocked uv light at wavelengths of 380 nm and below had lower numbers of aphids and thrips compared with a plastic that blocked uv light at wavelengths of 360 nm and below. this is consistent with the results found for thrips in previous studies using small, completely enclosed ...	2002	11942745
growth and development of encarsia formosa (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) in the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (homoptera: aleyrodidae): effect of host age.	the tiny parasitoid wasp, encarsia formosa, has been used successfully to control greenhouse whiteflies (ghwfs) in greenhouses in many countries throughout the world. therefore, there has been considerable interest in developing methods for artificially rearing this wasp. however, little information is available concerning the regulation of its development including the host-parasitoid interactions that are required for the parasitoid to complete its life cycle. here we confirm that parasitoid d ...	2002	11857673
new developments in insecticide resistance in the glasshouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum) and the two-spotted spider mite (tetranychus urticae) in the uk.	a recent survey of insecticide resistance in two of the most problematic pests in uk glasshouses revealed some new developments. at least some individuals in all uk samples of trialeurodes vaporariorum that were tested resisted the insect growth regulator (igr) buprofezin. the most strongly resistant strains were unaffected by the field application rate of this compound, and even samples from populations that had never been exposed to buprofezin contained individuals that survived the highest co ...	2002	11852636
encarsia species (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) of australia and the pacific islands attacking bemisia tabaci and trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae)--a pictorial key and descriptions of four new species.	after the recent introduction of the pest whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype b into australia, research was undertaken to study the parasitoids of the long established native b. tabaci and trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood). the genus encarsia contains species which are important biological control agents of whiteflies and hard scales. the taxonomy of the encarsia species attacking b. tabaci and t. vaporariorum in australia and the pacific islands is revised. dna sequencing of the 28s ...	2001	11583600
digestive, salivary, and reproductive organs of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) b type.	a microscopic analysis of the morphology and ultrastructure of the digestive, salivary, and reproductive systems of adult bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) b type was conducted using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. the internal anatomy of b. tabaci was found to be similar to that reported for trialeurodes vaporariorum. in a microscopic analysis of the salivary glands, we have shown that each primary salivary gland is composed of at least 13 cells varying ...	2001	11268056
developing scar markers to study predation on trialeurodes vaporariorum.	dna markers of trialeurodes vaporariorum were developed to detect remains of these whitefly in the gut of the predator dicyphus tamaninii. a 2400-bp dna fragment of t. vaporariorum, absent in other closely related prey species and in the predator banding pattern, was identified by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. after cloning and sequencing this fragment, two pairs of sequence-characterized amplified region (scar) primers were developed, amplifying single bands of 2100 bp and 3 ...	2000	10886409
vitellin of the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci: biochemical characterization and titer changes in the adult.	sds-page of the sweet potato whitefly (bemisia tabaci) egg extract showed one major band (approximately 190 kda) and two minor bands (approximately 75 kda and 67 kda). a distinct 190 kda band was also present in male extract. on sds gels the vitellin band of the greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporarium) was larger, about 220 kda. the native molecular mass of sweet potato whitefly vitellin was estimated to be 375 kda using 4-20% native porelimiting gel electrophoresis. its isoelectric point w ...	1997	9041698
100 hz remains upper limit of synchronous muscle contraction--an anomaly resolved.	wootton and newman introduced a problem when they showed, by high-speed cinematography, that a minute hemipteran insect, the whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum, achieves a wing-beat frequency of up to 181 hz. 100 hz had been regarded as the upper limit of contraction by myoneural synchrony, and whitefly flight muscle had been placed in the 'synchronous' category on structural grounds. the problem is resolved by evidence presented here, which reclassifies the power-producing flight muscles of whi ...	2003	6855898
effect of the greenhouse whitefly on yields of greenhouse tomatoes.		1972	5085805