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advantages of using fecal samples for stable isotope analysis in bats: evidence from a triple isotopic experiment.stable isotope analysis in ecological studies is usually conducted on biomaterials, e.g. muscle and blood, that require catching the animals. feces are rarely used for stable isotope analysis, despite the possibility of non-invasive sampling and short-term responsiveness to dietary changes. this promising method is neglected due to a lack of calibration experiments and unknown diet-feces isotopic difference (δ(diet-feces)).201323939961
the bat genome: gc-biased small chromosomes associated with reduction in genome size.bats are distinct from other mammals in their small genome size as well as their high metabolic rate, possibly related to flight ability. although the genome sequence has been published in two species, the data lack cytogenetic information. in this study, the size and gc content of each chromosome are measured from the flow karyotype of the mouse-eared bat, myotis myotis (mmy). the smaller chromosomes are gc-rich compared to the larger chromosomes, and the relative proportions of homologous segm ...201323881029
improved analysis of long-term monitoring data demonstrates marked regional declines of bat populations in the eastern united states.bats are diverse and ecologically important, but are also subject to a suite of severe threats. evidence for localized bat mortality from these threats is well-documented in some cases, but long-term changes in regional populations of bats remain poorly understood. bat hibernation surveys provide an opportunity to improve understanding, but analysis is complicated by bats' cryptic nature, non-conformity of count data to assumptions of traditional statistical methods, and observation heterogeneit ...201323805192
evidence for two karyotypic variants of the lesser horseshoe bat ( rhinolophus hipposideros , chiroptera, mammalia) in central europe.three different diploid chromosome numbers (2n = 54, 56 and 58) have been reported in the lesser horseshoe bat, rhinolophus hipposideros. asia minor and the middle east are inhabited by r. hipposideros specimens with 58 chromosomes. in europe, specimens with 56 chromosomes have been recorded from several localities in the czech republic, slovakia, italy and greece. up to now, specimens with 54 chromosomes have been reported only from spain and possibly from switzerland. with the record of 54 chr ...201323635426
prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus in serum of seven species of insectivorous bats from colorado and new mexico, united states.we determined the presence of rabies-virus-neutralizing antibodies (rvna) in serum of 721 insectivorous bats of seven species captured, sampled, and released in colorado and new mexico, united states in 2003-2005. a subsample of 160 bats was tested for rabies-virus rna in saliva. we sampled little brown bats (myotis lucifugus) at two maternity roosts in larimer county, colorado; big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) at three maternity roosts in morgan county, colorado; and big brown bats at five mat ...201323568912
hibernating little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) show variable immunological responses to white-nose syndrome.white-nose syndrome (wns) is an emerging infectious disease devastating hibernating north american bat populations that is caused by the psychrophilic fungus geomyces destructans. previous histopathological analysis demonstrated little evidence of inflammatory responses in infected bats, however few studies have compared other aspects of immune function between wns-affected and unaffected bats. we collected bats from confirmed wns-affected and unaffected sites during the winter of 2008-2009 and ...201323527062
staphylococcus nepalensis in the guano of bats (mammalia).thirty randomly selected mesophilic isolates from the six years old guano sample from mixed myotis myotis and m. blythii summer roosts colony were isolated and identified as staphylococcus nepalensis using maldi tof analysis. 16s rrna gene sequencing of selected five isolates and subsequent phylogenetic analysis confirmed that all sequences showed the highest similarity to s. nepalensis sequences. several virulence factors were produced by tested isolates, mainly capsule formation and resistance ...201323462520
bat bugs (cimex pipistrelli) and their impact on non-dwelling bats.bat bugs are often roost ectoparasites of bats. previous studies have shown that bats shifting roosts within the growing season prevent the massive reproduction of these parasites. we postulated that there could be other antiparasitic strategies of philopatric bats roosting in non-dwelling spacious roosts. unfortunately, there are no studies devoted to such a topic. for 3 years, two attics highly and less infested by bat bugs (cimex pipistrelli) with breeding females of myotis myotis were monito ...201222622688
[dietary differences and niche partitioning in three sympatric myotis species].the morphology and diet characteristics of three myotis species roosting in the same cave were studied in anlong county, guizhou from september to november 2005. the three mouse-eared bats were the chinese water myotis (myotis laniger) "body mass: (4.46±0.53) g, forearm: (34.63±1.45 mm)", fringed long-footed myotis (myotis fimbriatus) "body mass: (5.15±1.76) g, forearm: (35.20±1.07) mm" and szechwan myotis (myotis altarium) "body mass: (10.94±0.87) g, forearm: (45.21±1.15) mm". there were signif ...201222467393
argasid and spinturnicid mite load on swarming bats in the tatra mountains, poland.altogether 445 bats, representing nine species, caught during swarming in the lodowa cave in mount ciemniak, western tatra mountains, southern poland, were examined for ectoparasitic mites. in total, 259 spinturnicid (spinturnix mystacina, s. andegavinus, s. kolenatii, s. plecotinus and s. myoti) and 95 argasid (carios vespertilionis) mites were collected from seven bat species, myotis myotis, m. mystacinus, m. brandtii, m. daubentonii, eptesicus nilssonii, plecotus auritus, and vespertilio muri ...201122263314
histopathology confirms white-nose syndrome in bats in europe.white-nose syndrome, associated with the fungal skin infection geomycosis, caused regional population collapse in bats in north america. our results, based on histopathology, show the presence of white-nose syndrome in europe. dermatohistopathology on two bats (myotis myotis) found dead in march 2010 with geomycosis in the czech republic had characteristics resembling geomyces destructans infection in bats confirmed with white-nose syndrome in us hibernacula. in addition, a live m. myotis, biops ...201222247393
specific alterations in complement protein activity of little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) hibernating in white-nose syndrome affected sites.white-nose syndrome (wns) is the most devastating condition ever reported for hibernating bats, causing widespread mortality in the northeastern united states. the syndrome is characterized by cutaneous lesions caused by a recently identified psychrophilic and keratinophylic fungus (geomyces destructans), depleted fat reserves, atypical behavior, and damage to wings; however, the proximate cause of mortality is still uncertain. to assess relative levels of immunocompetence in bats hibernating in ...201122140440
inferring extinction of mammals from sighting records, threats, and biological traits.for species with five or more sightings, quantitative techniques exist to test whether a species is extinct on the basis of distribution of sightings. however, 70% of purportedly extinct mammals are known from fewer than five sightings, and such models do not include some important indicators of the likelihood of extinction such as threats, biological traits, search effort, and demography. previously, we developed a quantitative method that we based on species' traits in which we used cox propor ...201122136403
free-ranging little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus) heal from wing damage associated with white-nose syndrome.white-nose syndrome (wns) is having an unprecedented impact on hibernating bat populations in the eastern united states. while most studies have focused on widespread mortality observed at winter hibernacula, few have examined the consequences of wing damage that has been observed among those bats that survive hibernation. given that wns-related wing damage may lead to life-threatening changes in wing function, we tested the hypothesis that reduced abundance of free-ranging little brown myotis ( ...201121922344
genetic signature of reproductive manipulation in the phylogeography of the bat fly, trichobius major.the bat fly (trichobius major) is a blood-feeding ectoparasite of the cave myotis (myotis velifer). a recent mitochondrial dna (mtdna) study examining population structure of t. major in the south central united states detected a single haplotype from all individuals examined (n = 48 from 12 different caves), representing one of only a few known examples of such widespread mtdna uniformity. we examined nuclear genetic diversity using amplified fragment length polymorphism and detected high level ...201121890840
no apparent ecological trend to the flight-initiating jump performance of five bat species.the jump performance of five insectivorous bat species (miniopterus schreibersii, myotis blythii, myotis capaccinii, myotis myotis and rhinolophus blasii) was filmed using a high-speed camera. all study bats jumped using a similar technique, with the wing musculature providing the force. the bats jumped off the wrist joint of their wings, typically with their feet already off the ground. contrary to expectations, jump performance did not correlate with ecology and was instead strongly determined ...201121653812
active surveillance of bat rabies in france: a 5-year study (2004-2009).active surveillance of bats in france started in 2004 with an analysis of 18 of the 45 bat species reported in europe. rabies antibodies were detected in six indigenous species, mainly in eptesicus serotinus and myotis myotis, suggesting previous contact with the eblv-1 rabies virus. nineteen of the 177 tested bats were shown serologically positive in seven sites, particularly in central and south-western france. neither infectious viral particles nor viral genomes were detected in 173 and 308 t ...201121570221
high-resolution chromosome painting reveals the first genetic signature for the chiropteran suborder pteropodiformes (mammalia: chiroptera).up to now, the composition of synteny-conserved segments in chiropteran karyotypes was studied by cross-species chromosome painting with probes derived from whole human (hsa) or chiropteran chromosomes only. here, painting probes from the vespertilionid bat myotis myotis were hybridized, for the first time, onto human metaphase chromosomes. the segmental composition of bat karyotypes was further refined by cross-species painting with probes derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of tupaia belanger ...201121394511
amplification of emerging viruses in a bat colony.bats host noteworthy viral pathogens, including coronaviruses, astroviruses, and adenoviruses. knowledge on the ecology of reservoir-borne viruses is critical for preventive approaches against zoonotic epidemics. we studied a maternity colony of myotis myotis bats in the attic of a private house in a suburban neighborhood in rhineland-palatinate, germany, during 2008, 2009, and 2010. one coronavirus, 6 astroviruses, and 1 novel adenovirus were identified and monitored quantitatively. strong and ...201121392436
divergent trophic levels in two cryptic sibling bat species.changes in dietary preferences in animal species play a pivotal role in niche specialization. here, we investigate how divergence of foraging behaviour affects the trophic position of animals and thereby their role for ecosystem processes. as a model, we used two closely related bat species, myotis myotis and m. blythii oxygnathus, that are morphologically very similar and share the same roosts, but show clear behavioural divergence in habitat selection and foraging. based on previous dietary st ...201121340613
hunting at the highway: traffic noise reduces foraging efficiency in acoustic predators.noise pollution from human traffic networks and industrial activity impacts vast areas of our planet. while anthropogenic noise effects on animal communication are well documented, we have very limited understanding of noise impact on more complex ecosystem processes, such as predator-prey interactions, albeit urgently needed to devise mitigation measures. here, we show that traffic noise decreases the foraging efficiency of an acoustic predator, the greater mouse-eared bat (myotis myotis). thes ...201021084347
increasing incidence of geomyces destructans fungus in bats from the czech republic and slovakia.white-nose syndrome is a disease of hibernating insectivorous bats associated with the fungus geomyces destructans. it first appeared in north america in 2006, where over a million bats died since then. in europe, g. destructans was first identified in france in 2009. its distribution, infection dynamics, and effects on hibernating bats in europe are largely unknown.201021079781
disease in the dark: molecular characterization of polychromophilus murinus in temperate zone bats revealed a worldwide distribution of this malaria-like disease.for a better understanding of the complex coevolutionary processes between hosts and parasites, accurate identification of the actors involved in the interaction is of fundamental importance. blood parasites of the order haemosporidia, responsible for malaria, have become the focus of a broad range of studies in evolutionary biology. interestingly, molecular-based studies on avian malaria have revealed much higher species diversity than previously inferred with morphology. meanwhile, studies on ...201121073585
metagenomic analysis of the viromes of three north american bat species: viral diversity among different bat species that share a common habitat.effective prediction of future viral zoonoses requires an in-depth understanding of the heterologous viral population in key animal species that will likely serve as reservoir hosts or intermediates during the next viral epidemic. the importance of bats as natural hosts for several important viral zoonoses, including ebola, marburg, nipah, hendra, and rabies viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (sars-cov), has been established; however, the large viral population diversity ( ...201020926577
the cercal organ may provide singing tettigoniids a backup sensory system for the detection of eavesdropping bats.conspicuous signals, such as the calling songs of tettigoniids, are intended to attract mates but may also unintentionally attract predators. among them bats that listen to prey-generated sounds constitute a predation pressure for many acoustically communicating insects as well as frogs. as an adaptation to protect against bat predation many insect species evolved auditory sensitivity to bat-emitted echolocation signals. recently, the european mouse-eared bat species myotis myotis and m. blythii ...201020856887
heavy metals and metallothionein in vespertilionid bats foraging over aquatic habitats in the czech republic.there has been growing interest in the study and conservation of bats throughout the world. declines in their absolute numbers in recent decades are due, in part, to the fact that insectivorous bats may bioaccumulate toxic pollutants. the purpose of the present study was to quantify heavy metal concentrations in kidney, liver, and pectoral muscle samples in relation to metallothionein (mt) levels. in total, 106 bats belonging to 11 european species (i.e., myotis myotis, myotis daubentonii, myoti ...201020821471
thermal windows on brazilian free-tailed bats facilitate thermoregulation during prolonged flight.the brazilian free-tailed bat (tadarida brasiliensis) experiences challenging thermal conditions while roosting in hot caves, flying during warm daylight conditions, and foraging at cool high altitudes. using thermal infrared cameras, we identified hot spots along the flanks of free-ranging brazilian free-tailed bats, ventral to the extended wings. these hot spots are absent in syntopic cave myotis (myotis velifer), a species that forages over relatively short distances, and does not engage in l ...201020811514
surveillance for european bat lyssavirus in swiss bats.most countries in western europe are currently free of rabies in terrestrial mammals. nevertheless, rabies remains a residual risk to public health due to the natural circulation of bat-specific viruses, such as european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs). european bat lyssavirus types 1 and 2 (eblv-1 and eblv-2) are widely distributed throughout europe, but little is known of their true prevalence and epidemiology. we report that only three out of 837 brains taken from bats submitted to the swiss rabies ...201020803042
an emerging disease causes regional population collapse of a common north american bat species.white-nose syndrome (wns) is an emerging disease affecting hibernating bats in eastern north america that causes mass mortality and precipitous population declines in winter hibernacula. first discovered in 2006 in new york state, wns is spreading rapidly across eastern north america and currently affects seven species. mortality associated with wns is causing a regional population collapse and is predicted to lead to regional extinction of the little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus), previously ...201020689016
enamel microarchitecture of a tribosphenic molar.the tribosphenic molar is a dental apomorphy of mammals and the molar type from which all derived types originated. its enamel coat is expected to be ancestral: a thin, evenly distributed layer of radial prismatic enamel. in the bat myotis myotis, we reinvestigated the 3d architecture of the dental enamel using serial sectioning combined with scanning electron microscopy analyses, biometrics of enamel prisms and crystallites, and x-ray diffraction. we found distinct heterotopies in enamel thickn ...201020623522
cross-species chromosome painting in bats from madagascar: the contribution of myzopodidae to revealing ancestral syntenies in chiroptera.the chiropteran fauna of madagascar comprises eight of the 19 recognized families of bats, including the endemic myzopodidae. while recent systematic studies of malagasy bats have contributed to our understanding of the morphological and genetic diversity of the island's fauna, little is known about their cytosystematics. here we investigate karyotypic relationships among four species, representing four families of chiroptera endemic to the malagasy region using cross-species chromosome painting ...201020596765
cave-dwelling bats do not avoid tmt and 2-pt - components of predator odour that induce fear in other small mammals.recognition and avoidance of predators is fundamental for the survival of prey animals. here we conducted the first study assessing chemosensory predator recognition in cave-dwelling bats. we used a y-maze approach to test the reaction of greater mouse-eared bats (myotis myotis) to two synthetically derived components of predator odour (2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thiazoline, tmt, a component of fox faeces scent; and 2-propylthietane, 2-pt, a component of mustelid scent) and to the natural scent of the le ...201020581275
a nocturnal mammal, the greater mouse-eared bat, calibrates a magnetic compass by the sun.recent evidence suggests that bats can detect the geomagnetic field, but the way in which this is used by them for navigation to a home roost remains unresolved. the geomagnetic field may be used by animals both to indicate direction and to locate position. in birds, directional information appears to be derived from an interaction of the magnetic field with either the sun or the stars, with some evidence suggesting that sunset/sunrise provides the primary directional reference by which a magnet ...201020351296
the results obtained with the ringing method on life and annual loss figures for myotis myotis borkh. 194720241577
influence of climate and reproductive timing on demography of little brown myotis myotis lucifugus.1. estimating variation in demographic rates, such as survival and fecundity, is important for testing life-history theory and identifying conservation and management goals. 2. we used 16 years (1993-2008) of mark-recapture data to estimate age-specific survival and breeding probabilities of the little brown myotis myotis lucifugus leconte in southern new hampshire, usa. using kendall & nichols' (1995) full-likelihood approach of the robust design to account for temporary emigration, we tested w ...201019747346
the voice of bats: how greater mouse-eared bats recognize individuals based on their echolocation calls.echolocating bats use the echoes from their echolocation calls to perceive their surroundings. the ability to use these continuously emitted calls, whose main function is not communication, for recognition of individual conspecifics might facilitate many of the social behaviours observed in bats. several studies of individual-specific information in echolocation calls found some evidence for its existence but did not quantify or explain it. we used a direct paradigm to show that greater mouse-ea ...200919503606
variability of the approach phase of landing echolocating greater mouse-eared bats.the approach phase of landing vespertilionid bats ends with a group of calls, which either consists of buzz i alone or buzz i and buzz ii. to understand the possible role of buzz ii, we trained myotis myotis to land on a vertical grid, and compared the flight and echolocation behavior during approach in trials with and without buzz ii. during the approach, we did not find any differences in the echolocation behavior until the end of buzz i which indicated whether buzz ii was emitted or not. howe ...200918998148
foraging bats avoid noise.ambient noise influences the availability and use of acoustic information in animals in many ways. while much research has focused on the effects of noise on acoustic communication, here, we present the first study concerned with anthropogenic noise and foraging behaviour. we chose the greater mouse-eared bat (myotis myotis) as a model species because it represents the especially vulnerable group of gleaning bats that rely on listening for prey rustling sounds to find food (i.e. 'passive listeni ...200818805817
how do ectoparasitic nycteribiids locate their bat hosts?nycteribiids (diptera: nycteribiidae) are specific haematophagous ectoparasites of bats, which spend nearly all their adult lives on hosts. however, females have to leave bats to deposit their larva on the walls of the roosts, where they later emerge as adult flies. nycteribiids had thus to evolve efficient sensorial mechanisms to locate hosts from a distance. we studied the sensory cues involved in this process, experimentally testing the role of specific host odours, and general cues such as c ...200818664305
active monitoring of eblv infection in natural colonies of the mouse-eared bat (myotis myotis).bats are important reservoir hosts of rna viruses, including lyssaviruses, which can cross the species barrier to infect humans and other domestic and wild non-flying mammals. six of the seven lyssavirus genotypes described to date infect bats. in europe, two genotypes of lyssavirus, european bat lyssavirus types 1 and 2 (eblv-1 and eblv-2), circulate among several bat species and numerous bats are found infected every year. to provide epidemiologists and public health officials with data to eff ...200818634518
stable carbon isotopes in exhaled breath as tracers for dietary information in birds and mammals.the stable carbon isotope ratio of exhaled co(2) (delta(13)c(breath)) reflects the isotopic signature of the combusted substrate and is, therefore, suitable for the non-invasive collection of dietary information from free-ranging animals. however, delta(13)c(breath) is sensitive to changes in ingested food items and the mixed combustion of exogenous and endogenous substrates. therefore, experiments under controlled conditions are pivotal for the correct interpretation of delta(13)c(breath) of fr ...200818587117
italy as a major ice age refuge area for the bat myotis myotis (chiroptera: vespertilionidae) in europe.the distribution of biota from the temperate regions changed considerably during the climatic fluctuations of the quaternary. this is especially true for many bat species that depend on warm roosts to install their nursery colonies. surveys of genetic variation among european bats have shown that the southern peninsulas (iberia and the balkans) harbour endemic diversity, but to date, no such surveys have been conducted in the third potential glacial refuge area, the apennine peninsula. we report ...200818331245
energy availability influences microclimate selection of hibernating bats.many species hibernate to conserve energy during periods of low food and water availability. it has long been assumed that the optimal hibernation strategy involves long, deep bouts of torpor that minimize energy expenditure. however, hibernation has ecological (e.g. decreased predator avoidance) and physiological (e.g. sleep deprivation) costs that must be balanced with energy savings; therefore, individuals possessing sufficient energy reserves may reduce their use of deep torpor. we tested th ...200718055623
karyotypic differences in two sibling species of scotophilus from south africa (vespertilionidae, chiroptera, mammalia).karyotype descriptions are given for scotophilus dinganii (2n = 36, fna = 50) and a recently discovered sister-species, scotophilus sp. nov. (2n = 36, fna = 52). these two sibling species occur sympatrically and are distinguished by body size, echolocation frequency and cytochrome b sequence. cytogenetically, both species differ from other scotophilus species in the subtelocentric morphology of chromosome 2 and a terminal heterochromatic segment on the x chromosome. further, scotophilus sp. nov. ...200717901703
temporal dynamics of european bat lyssavirus type 1 and survival of myotis myotis bats in natural colonies.many emerging rna viruses of public health concern have recently been detected in bats. however, the dynamics of these viruses in natural bat colonies is presently unknown. consequently, prediction of the spread of these viruses and the establishment of appropriate control measures are hindered by a lack of information. to this aim, we collected epidemiological, virological and ecological data during a twelve-year longitudinal study in two colonies of insectivorous bats (myotis myotis) located i ...200717593965
host sex and ectoparasites choice: preference for, and higher survival on female hosts.1. sex differences in levels of parasite infection are a common rule in a wide range of mammals, with males usually more susceptible than females. sex-specific exposure to parasites, e.g. mediated through distinct modes of social aggregation between and within genders, as well as negative relationships between androgen levels and immune defences are thought to play a major role in this pattern. 2. reproductive female bats live in close association within clusters at maternity roosts, whereas non ...200717584376
potential effects of environmental contamination on yuma myotis demography and population growth.unplanned natural and anthropogenic disasters provide unique opportunities for investigating the influence of perturbations on population vital rates and species recovery times. we investigated the potential effects of a major pesticide spill by comparing annual survival rates using mark-recapture techniques on a riparian bat species, yuma myotis (myotis yumanensis). demography and population dynamics for most bat species remain poorly understood despite advances in mark-recapture estimation and ...200717555229
karyotypic evolution and phylogenetic relationships in the order chiroptera as revealed by g-banding comparison and chromosome painting.bats are a unique but enigmatic group of mammals and have a world-wide distribution. the phylogenetic relationships of extant bats are far from being resolved. here, we investigated the karyotypic relationships of representative species from four families of the order chiroptera by comparative chromosome painting and banding. a complete set of painting probes derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of myotis myotis (family vespertilionidae) were hybridized onto metaphases of cynopterus sphinx (2n = ...200717310301
echolocation and passive listening by foraging mouse-eared bats myotis myotis and m. blythii.the two sibling mouse-eared bats, myotis myotis and m. blythii, cope with similar orientation tasks, but separate their trophic niche by hunting in species-specific foraging microhabitats. previous work has shown that both species rely largely on passive listening to detect and glean prey from substrates, and studies on other bat species have suggested that echolocation is ;switched off' during passive listening. we tested the hypothesis that mouse-eared bats continuously emit echolocation calls ...200717170159
karyotype relationships of six bat species (chiroptera, vespertilionidae) from china revealed by chromosome painting and g-banding comparison.the vespertilionidae is the largest family in the order chiroptera and has a worldwide distribution in the temperate and tropical regions. in order to further clarify the karyotype relationships at the lower taxonomic level in vespertilionidae, genome-wide comparative maps have been constructed between myotis myotis (mmy, 2n = 44) and six vesper bats from china: myotis altarium (mal, 2n = 44), hypsugo pulveratus (hpu, 2n = 44), nyctalus velutinus (nve, 2n = 36), tylonycteris robustula (tro, 2n = ...200617065796
terminal nerve in the mouse-eared bat (myotis myotis): ontogenetic aspects.as in other mammals, ontogenesis of the terminal nerve (tn) in the mouse-eared bat (myotis myotis) starts shortly after the formation of the olfactory placode, a derivative of the ectoderm. during development of the olfactory pit, proliferating neuroblasts thicken the placodal epithelium and one cell population migrates toward the rostroventral tip of the telencephalon. here they accumulate in a primordial terminal ganglion, which successively divides into smaller units. initial fibers of the tn ...200617031808
recurrent replacement of mtdna and cryptic hybridization between two sibling bat species myotis myotis and myotis blythii.the two sibling bat species myotis myotis and myotis blythii occur in sympatry over wide areas of southern and central europe. morphological, ecological and previous genetic evidence supported the view that the two species constitute two well-differentiated groups, but recent phylogenetic analyses have shown that the two species share some mtdna haplotypes when they occur in sympatry. in order to see whether some genetic exchange has occurred between the two species, we sequenced a highly variab ...017018432
environmental conditions, rather than season, determine torpor use and temperature selection in large mouse-eared bats (myotis myotis).we tested whether food availability, thermal environment and time of year affect torpor use and temperature selection in the large mouse-eared bat (myotis myotis) in summer and winter. food-deprived bats were torpid longer than bats offered food ad libitum. bats placed in a gradient of low (0 degrees c-25 degrees c) ambient temperatures (t(a)) spent more time in torpor than bats in a gradient of high (7 degrees c-43 degrees c) t(a)'s. however, we did not observe seasonal variations in the use of ...200716891137
use of artificial roost structures by bats at the indianapolis international airport.from 1992-1996, 3204 artificial roosts of 9 types were placed in woodlots near indianapolis international airport in an effort to provide habitat for the federally-endangered indiana myotis (myotis sodalis) and to determine the feasibility of using these structures to manage bats in a rapidly developing suburban area. we surveyed these structures at least annually during 1992-1999 and found only northern myotis (myotis septentrionalis) regularly using the structures. four other species were occa ...200616622759
frequency modulation patterns in the echolocation signals of two vespertilionid bats.in this study we measure and classify frequency modulation patterns in echolocation signals of two species of bats. by using the derivative of an exponential model fitted to pulses emitted by pipistrellus pipistrellus and myotis myotis, we show that the modulation functions differ fundamentally between the two species and also vary within each species. this variation makes it unlikely that pulse design and the concomitant modulation pattern can be explained by a single common principle as previo ...200515568143
description of a cryptic species, spinturnix bechsteini n. sp. (acari, mesostigmata, spinturnicidae), parasite of myotis bechsteinii (kuhl, 1817) (chiroptera, vespertilionidae) by using ecoethology of host bats and statistical methods.using ecoethology of bats and statistical methods, we anticipate the evidence of specific species of spinturnicids associated with myotis myotis and myotis bechsteinii (chiroptera, vespertilionidae) mixed colonies are unknown. traditional description of this new crpytic species spinturnix bechsteini, parasite of m. bechsteinii, is done. statistical approach is based on analysis of variance and principal component analysis. the current knowledge on parasites of the genus myotis in the west palear ...200415535609
species of eimeria (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from bats (chiroptera: vespertilionidae) in central wyoming.feces from 60 bats representing 5 species and 4 genera collected in central wyoming in 2001 were examined for the presence of coccidia. two species of eimeria were identified in 4 bats representing 2 species of myotis. all infected animals harbored a single species; there was no multispecies infection. eimeria catronensis was recovered from 3 little brown bats (myotis lucifugus), and eimeria californicensis was identified from a single long-legged myotis (myotis volans). both represent new geogr ...200415165058
changes in baseline and stress-induced glucocorticoid levels during the active period in free-ranging male and female little brown myotis, myotis lucifugus (chiroptera: vespertilionidae).baseline and stress-responsive glucocorticoid (gc) levels were characterized during the active period in free-ranging male and reproductive female little brown myotis (myotis lucifugus). bats were trapped and blood was sampled within 3 min of capture at two maternity sites during the summer and at one swarming site prior to hibernation in new england. both gc hormones, cortisol and corticosterone, were detected, with cortisol accounting for an average of approximately 95% of total circulating gc ...200415028530
the reproductive organs of female bats (myotis myotis) following administration of large doses of gonadotrophins during the hibernation period. 195214932708
causal mechanisms underlying host specificity in bat ectoparasites.in parasites, host specificity may result either from restricted dispersal capacity or from fixed coevolutionary host-parasite adaptations. knowledge of those proximal mechanisms leading to particular host specificity is fundamental to understand host-parasite interactions and potential coevolution of parasites and hosts. the relative importance of these two mechanisms was quantified through infection and cross-infection experiments using mites and bats as a model. monospecific pools of parasiti ...200414714175
[on the ossification of meckel's cartilage the bat (chiroptera, myotis myotis (borkh.))]. 196414187986
[serologic-hematological and immunological investigation of the hibernating bat (myotis myotis s.)]. 196314101525
[the larynx of the bat myotis myotis, a primitive mammalian larynx with the special capacity for producing ultrasonics]. 196113893140
[the larynx of the bat (myotis myotis) and the human larynx]. 196113893135
[experimental infection of bats species myotis myotis borkhausen with the czechoslovak tick-borne encephalitis virus]. 196013853432
[genito-pituitary correlations in the female flittermouse, myotis myotis (borkhausen)]. 195613328148
genetic consequences of the ice ages on nurseries of the bat myotis myotis: a mitochondrial and nuclear survey.analyses of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region polymorphism and of variation at 10 nuclear microsatellite loci were used to investigate the mechanisms and genetic consequences of postglacial expansion of myotis myotis in europe. initial sampling consisted of 480 bats genotyped in 24 nursery colonies arranged along a transect of approximately 3000 km. the phylogeographical survey based on mtdna sequences revealed the existence of major genetic subdivisions across this area, with several sut ...200312755881
listening for bats: the hearing range of the bushcricket phaneroptera falcata for bat echolocation calls measured in the field.the hearing range of the tettigoniid phaneropterafalcata for the echolocation calls of freely flying mouseeared bats (myotis myotis) was determined in the field. the hearing of the insect was monitored using hook electrode recordings from an auditory interneuron, which is as sensitive as the hearing organ for frequencies above 16 khz. the flight path of the bat relative to the insect's position was tracked by recording the echolocation calls with two microphone arrays, and calculating the bat's ...200012233766
european bat lyssavirus infection in spanish bat populations.from 1992 to 2000, 976 sera, 27 blood pellets, and 91 brains were obtained from 14 bat species in 37 localities in spain. specific anti-european bat lyssavirus 1 (ebl1)-neutralizing antibodies have been detected in myotis myotis, miniopterus schreibersii, tadarida teniotis, and rhinolophus ferrumequinum in the region of aragon and the balearic islands. positive results were also obtained by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on brain, blood pellet, lung, heart, tongue, and es ...200211971777
the energetic grooming costs imposed by a parasitic mite (spinturnix myoti) upon its bat host (myotis myotis).parasites often exert severe negative effects upon their host's fitness. natural selection has therefore prompted the evolution of anti-parasite mechanisms such as grooming. grooming is efficient at reducing parasitic loads in both birds and mammals, but the energetic costs it entails have not been properly quantified. we measured both the energetic metabolism and behaviour of greater mouse-eared bats submitted to three different parasite loads (no, 20 and 40 mites) during whole daily cycles. mi ...200111571055
is the gibraltar strait a barrier to gene flow for the bat myotis myotis (chiroptera: vespertilionidae)?because of their role in limiting gene flow, geographical barriers like mountains or seas often coincide with intraspecific genetic discontinuities. although the strait of gibraltar represents such a potential barrier for both plants and animals, few studies have been conducted on its impact on gene flow. here we test this effect on a bat species (myotis myotis) which is apparently distributed on both sides of the strait. six colonies of 20 myotis myotis each were sampled in southern spain and n ...200011091312
characterization of highly variable microsatellite loci in the bat myotis myotis (chiroptera: vespertilionidae). 200010886666
molecular epidemiology of enzootic rabies in california.molecular characterization of rabies virus has been used to trace spillover transmission from reservoir species to non-reservoir animals and humans (molecular epidemiology), and to monitor emergence of specific strains of the virus into new species and geographic areas (molecular surveillance).199910614858
noctuid moths show neural and behavioural responses to sounds made by some bat-marking rings.coloured rings are often used for marking bats so that specific individuals can be recognized. we noticed that the rings of mouse-eared bats, myotis myotis and myotis blythii, in a combination of one plastic-split and one metallic ring on the same forearm, emitted sounds that were largely ultrasonic each time the rings met in flight. we recorded the ring sounds and the echolocation calls produced by the bats, and played them back to neural preparations of lesser yellow underwing moths, noctua co ...199910202090
paternity assessment and population subdivision in a natural population of the larger mouse-eared bat myotis myotis.a hypervariable simple sequence locus and mitochondrial d-loop sequences were used to analyse genetically a natural population of the larger mouse-eared bat myotis myotis in southern bavaria. tests for population subdivision and direct observations suggest that females return to their natal sites, while males disperse. the males present in female nursery colonies are not related to the females. paternity assessment for 46 offspring from a particular nursery colony showed that there are no males ...19979076978
histopathology of the stomach lesion caused by physaloptera brevivaginata (nematoda:physalopteridae) in bats in spain.physaloptera brevivaginata has been found parasitising the stomach of two species of bats of the family vespertilionidae, myotis myotis and myotis blythii, in spain. a comparative study of the prevalences and mean intensities of parasitism by this physalopterid revealed no statistically significant differences between the two hosts. likewise, no relationship was found between parasite intensity and host body weight. the histopathological study of the stomach lesion revealed destruction of the mu ...19958774770
ultrastructure of sensory corpuscles in joint capsules of the bat (myotis myotis). 19807409679
capillary supply of heart and skeletal muscle of small bats and non-flying mammals.capillary density (cd), fiber cross-section area, capillary-to-fiber ratio and intercapillary distance of papillary and a calf muscle were evaluated in four species of bats (body weight 23-150 g) and six non-flying mammalian species (2.5-170 g). in bats the pectoralis muscle was studied additionally. in both groups cd increased in papillary as well as in calf muscle with decreasing body weight. the papillary muscles showed the highest cd in the 2.5 g shrew suncus etruscus (7287 cap./mm2) and the ...19827163654
the musculi contrahentes and their development in the brown bat (myotis myotis). 19846724441
origin and development of the muscles of the intermetacarpal space of the forelimb of the brown bat (myotis myotis). 19846724440
ultrastructural development of raphe nuclei in the bat (myotis myotis).the development and ultrastructural features of the raphe nuclei of microchiroptera myotis myotis have been studied. fetuses of different ages, newborn, young and adult bats were examined. important fetal features were abundant mitoses and an incomplete cytokinesis between daughter cells. a medialward migration of reticular formation neurons was observed. the migration began in the third week of intrauterine life and continued through the sixth week of intrauterine life. in six-week-old fetuses ...19836643993
morphological study of the middle and inner ear of the bat: myotis myotis. 19836624599
mammary involution and fasting effect on the fine structure of the mammary gland of the pregnant myotis myotis. 19846528720
[changes the structural elements of the organs of bats during periods of activity and hibernation].in hibernated animals (myotis myotis) morphological changes are characterized by certain peculiarities in structure of the mitochondrial apparatus and some other cellular organells. in the animals, which are in the state of hibernation, the main plan of cardiomyocytes structure in the pulmonary vein wall, as well as in the myocardium itself does not change, as compared to those in the animals which are in the active state. the ultrastructure of the skeletal muscle fibers also does not undergo an ...19846508557
alveolar epithelial cells of the mammary gland of lactating myotis myotis: an ultrastructural study. 19846485499
light- and electron-microscopic demonstration of immunoreactive opsin in the pinealocytes of various vertebrates.an antibody to opsin isolated from rod outer segments of the frog retina was applied in light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical studies to the pineal organ of various vertebrates (cyprinus carpio, carassius auratus, rana esculenta, emys orbicularis, pseudemys scripta elegans, lacerta agilis and viridis. gallus domesticus, columba livia, melopsittacus undulatus, serinus canaria, taeniopyga punctata, didelphis virginiana, erinaceus roumanicus, myotis myotis, rabbit, rat, cat).19816458362
interstitial cells of myotis myotis ovary during gestation. an ultrastructural study.the purpose of this paper was to describe the ultrastructure of the interstitial cells of the bat ovary (myotis myotis) during gestation (may and june). the myotis myotis ovary has great amounts of interstitial tissue comprising of polyhedral elements with abundant cytoplasm filled with lipid droplets. large mitochondria with an unusual parallel arrangement of the tubular cristae were observed. they consisted in four or five piled tubular elements. numerous concentrically disposed agranular memb ...19846399829
intraepithelial leukocytes in the myotis myotis mammary gland.the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of intraepithelial leukocytes in the alveolar epithelium of the mammary gland were described in female bats during late pregnancy and lactation. intraepithelial lymphocytes were principally located in the basal portion of the alveolar epithelium, intermixed with alveolar epithelial cells. they exhibited a spherical shape, with some cytoplasmic prolongations or pseudopodia in association with adjacent epithelial cells. some eosinophils were ob ...19846399828
experimental infection of the bat myotis myotis borkhausen with the tahyna virus. 19676070328
the reticular formation in the bat (myotis myotis borkh.). 19676035585
the fine structure of the liver cells in the bat (myotis myotis) during hibernation, arousal and forced feeding. 19665973104
[electron microscopic studies on the retina of the domestic bat, myotis myotis]. 19715315249
shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in the bat (myotis myotis borkh.) during arousal from hibernation. 19704391941
quantitative differences in the terminal vascular bed of the myocardium in the brown bat (myotis myotis) and the laboratory mouse (mus musculus). 19704251380
fasting effect of the fine structure of the interstitial cells of the pregnant myotis myotis ovary. 19853841245
ultrastructure of the stellate cells in the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis of the pregnant brown bat myotis myotis under normal and experimental conditions. 19863804093
immunocytochemical study of prolactin cells during gestation and lactation in the myotis myotis. 19873433897
persistence of the nervus terminalis in adult bats: a morphological and phylogenetical approach.the presence of the terminalis system in adult bats is demonstrated by light microscopical investigation of several species of microchiroptera. in late embryonic and fetal stages of the mouse-eared bat (myotis myotis) the compact central terminalis ganglion gradually differentiates into a three-dimensional network of cord-like ganglia and fiber bundles. rostrally the terminalis system is in immediate contact with the medial-most fila olfactoria; caudally terminalis rootlets attach near the borde ...19883228690
different types of pinealocytes as revealed by immunoelectron microscopy of anti-s-antigen and antiopsin binding sites in the pineal organ of toad, frog, hedgehog and bat.s-antigen- and opsin-immunoreactive sites were studied in the pineal organ of toad (bufo bufo), frog (rana tigrina), hedgehog (erinaceus roumanicus) and bat (myotis myotis) by light microscopic avidin-biotin-peroxidase and electron microscopic immunoglobulin-gold (immunogold), protein a-gold and avidin-biotin-ferritin techniques. the corresponding retinas served as reference tissues. a large number of photoreceptors of toad and frog pineal organ exhibited either strong or weak s-antigen immunore ...19862937652
hematological data and hemoglobin components in bats (vespertilionidae).1. statistically significant variations were observed in the rbc counts and hb concentration in pregnant females of pipistrellus pipistrellus. 2. basic hematological values in 59 animals of five species of insectivorous bats were estimated. 3. electrophoretic separation of the hemoglobins of plecotus austriacus, myotis nattereri and myotis myotis showed two components, whereas in miniopterus schreibersi and pipistrellus pipistrellus appeared three and four components, respectively.19872892619
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