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fungal contamination in swine: a potential occupational health threat.poor air quality in a pig-confinement building may potentially place farmers at higher health risk than other workers for exposure to airborne pollutants that may reach infectious levels. the aim of this study was to assess worker exposure to fungi in indoor environments in portuguese swine buildings. air samples from 7 swine farms were collected at a flow rate of 140 l/min, at 1 m height, onto malt extract agar supplemented with chloramphenicol (mea). surfaces samples of the same indoor sites w ...201323514069
structural elucidation of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the marine fungus aspergillus versicolor.a homogenous extracellular polysaccharide, designated awp, was isolated from the fermented liquid of the marine fungus aspergillus versicolor from the coral cladiella sp. and purified by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography (sec). chemical and spectroscopic analyses, including one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1d and 2d nmr) spectroscopy showed that awp consisted of glucose and mannose in a molar ratio of 8.6:1.0, and its average molecular weight was estimated to b ...201323499086
antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of alcoholic extracts of rumex dentatus l.in-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of various concentrations ranging from 150 to 500 μg/ml of alcoholic (methanol and ethanol) extracts of rumex dentatus were analyzed on different clinical bacterial strains (shigella flexneri, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (aspergillus versicolor, aspergillus flavus, acremonium spp., penicillium dimorphosporum, candida albicans, candida kruesie, c ...201323415966
in vitro antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against ocular pathogenic filamentous fungi.fungal keratitis is emerging as a major cause of vision loss in a developing country such as china because of higher incidence and the unavailability of effective antifungals. it is urgent to explore broad-spectrum antifungals to effectively suppress ocular fungal pathogens, and to develop new antifungal eye drops to combat this vision-threatening infection. the aim of this study is to investigate the antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (nano-ag) in comparison with that of natamycin agai ...201323410063
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis caused by aspergillus versicolor in a patient on mechanical ventilation.aspergillus spp. often colonise the respiratory tract of critically ill patients in intensive care units and subsequently cause invasive disease. the risk of developing invasive disease is more in immunocompromised patients. here we report a case of fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis caused by aspergillus versicolor in a post-operative patient on mechanical ventilation, who did not respond to intravenous itraconazole. we then discuss the challenges involved in the accurate diagnosis of this ...201123386878
determination of inflammatory responses to aspergillus versicolor and endotoxin with human cryo-preserved blood as a suitable tool.the aim of this study was to characterize the mediator release in the whole blood assay induced by stimulation with an extract of the indoor mold a. versicolor. in addition, the effect of concomitant stimulation with e. coli endotoxin and a. versicolor, and the involvement of the relevant toll-like receptors were investigated. the stimulation of cryo-preserved whole blood with 400pg/ml e. coli endotoxin induced a significant il-1β release (976±133pg/ml), whereas, none of the tested a. versicolor ...201223273580
synthesis and bioconversions of notoamide t: a biosynthetic precursor to stephacidin a and notoamide b.in an effort to further elucidate the biogenesis of the stephacidin and notoamide families of natural products, notoamide t has been identified as the likely precursor to stephacidin a. the total synthesis of notoamide t is described along with it is c-6-epimer, 6-epi-notoamide t. the chemical conversion of stephacidin a to notoamide t by reductive ring opening is described as well as the oxidative conversion of notoamide t to stephacidin a. furthermore, [(13)c](2)-notoamide t was synthesized an ...201323249380
aspergillus section versicolores: nine new species and multilocus dna sequence based phylogeny.β-tubulin, calmodulin, internal transcribed spacer and partial lsu-rdna, rna polymerase 2, dna replication licensing factor mcm7, and pre-rrna processing protein tsr1 were amplified and sequenced from numerous isolates belonging to aspergillus sect. versicolor. the isolates were analyzed phylogenetically using the concordance model to establish species boundaries. aspergillus austroafricanus, a. creber, a. cvjetkovicii, a. fructus, a. jensenii, a. puulaauensis, a. subversicolor, a. tennesseensis ...201223155501
bioactive anthraquinones from endophytic fungus aspergillus versicolor isolated from red sea algae.the marine fungus aspergillus versicolor was isolated from the inner tissue of the red sea green alga halimeda opuntia. the fungus was identified by its morphology and 18s rdna. cultivation of this fungal strain led to a new metabolite named isorhodoptilometrin-1-methyl ether (1) along with the known compounds emodin (2), 1-methyl emodin (3), evariquinone (4), 7-hydroxyemodin 6,8-methyl ether (5), siderin (6), arugosin c (7), and variculanol (8). the structures were elucidated on the basis of nm ...201223139125
anthraquinone derivatives produced by marine-derived fungus aspergillus versicolor en-7.the new anthraquinone derivative, 6,8-di-o-methylaverantin (1), together with six known congeners (2-7), were characterized from a culture extract of the marine algous fungus, aspergillus versicolor en-7. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. a bioassay showed compounds 1, 2 and 5 to have weak inhibition against escherichia coli, while compound 5 also displayed weak inhibition against staphylococcus aureus.201222972319
brevianamides with antitubercular potential from a marine-derived isolate of aspergillus versicolor.an aspergillus versicolor isolated from sediment collected from the bohai sea, china, yielded the new dimeric diketopiperazine brevianamide s (1), together with three new monomeric cometabolites, brevianamides t (2), u (3), and v (4). structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis. brevianamide s exhibited selective antibacterial activity against bacille calmette-guérin (bcg), suggestive of a new mechanism of action that could inform the development of next-generation antitubercul ...201222963079
dectin-1 and il-17a suppress murine asthma induced by aspergillus versicolor but not cladosporium cladosporioides due to differences in β-glucan surface exposure.there is considerable evidence supporting a role for mold exposure in the pathogenesis and expression of childhood asthma. aspergillus versicolor and cladosporium cladosporioides are common molds that have been implicated in asthma. in a model of mold-induced asthma, mice were repeatedly exposed to either a. versicolor or c. cladosporioides spores. the two molds induced distinct phenotypes, and this effect was observed in both balb/c and c57bl/6 strains. c. cladosporioides induced robust airway ...201222962686
identification of volatile markers for indoor fungal growth and chemotaxonomic classification of aspergillus species.microbial volatile organic compounds (mvocs) were collected in water-damaged buildings to evaluate their use as possible indicators of indoor fungal growth. fungal species isolated from contaminated buildings were screened for mvoc production on malt extract agar by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis. some sesquiterpenes, specifically derived from fungal growth, were detected in the sampled environments and the corresp ...201222954337
bioremoval of textile dyes with different chemical structures by aspergillus versicolor in molasses medium.bioremoval of 17 dyes with different chemical structures by aspergillus versicolor was detected in this study. maxilon red grl (mr-grl), everdirect fast black vsf (efb-vsf) and brillant blue r (bb-r) were removed better by fungal mycelia. optimum ph values were found as 6 for all three dyes. in further experiments in the highest dye concentrations tested in this study, 58.3, 100 and 49% removal yields and 14.8, 12.6, 9.0 q(m) values were found for mr-grl, efb-vsf and bb-r, respectively. chemical ...201222949249
gamma irradiation of cultural artifacts for disinfection using monte carlo simulations.in this study, it has been investigated the disinfection of korean cultural artifacts by gamma irradiation, simulating the absorbed dose distribution on the object with the monte carlo methodology. fungal contamination was identified on two traditional korean agricultural tools, hongdukkae and holtae, which had been stored in a museum. nine primary species were identified from these items: bjerkandera adusta, dothideomycetes sp., penicillium sp., cladosporium tenuissimum, aspergillus versicolor, ...201222940410
a new sesquiterpene from an endophytic aspergillus versicolor strain.a new sesquiterpene, albican-1,14-diol (1), and seven known compounds, including sterigmatocystin (2), 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(4'-hydroxyphenoxy) pyrrolidin-2-one (3), (1h-indol-3-yl) oxoacetamide (4), indole-3-carboxylic acid (5), indole-3-acetic acid (6), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (7), and volemolide (8), were isolated from the cultures of aspergillus versicolor, an endophytic fungus isolated from the marine green alga codium fragile. the structure of 1 was elucidated by 1d, 2d nmr and ma ...201222908554
isotherm and kinetic models and cell surface analysis for determination of the mechanism of metal sorption by aspergillus versicolor.the isolate aspergillus versicolor was obtained from an estuary, which is exposed to metal contamination. it was found to have a good metal tolerance and sorption capacity. further studies revealed that the rate of metal removal from solution is very rapid in the first 5-10 min, and is favoured by a ph of 6.0. the biosorption data obtained was explained by the freundlich adsorption isotherm model and followed a pseudo-second order kinetics reaction. the fungus showed a higher accumulation of fat ...201222806158
fungal food choices of dermatophagoides farinae affect indoor fungi selection and dispersal.house dust mite (hdm) feces and molds are the main allergens involved in allergic asthma. differences exist between the housing fungal biome of allergic patients and standard or unhealthy housing. house dust mite (hdm) feed off spores and transport them on their bodies, but do they have fungal food preferences? we observed dermatophagoïdes farinae in vitro with 16 mold menus and repeated the experiment 10 times. this observation led us to define alternaria alternata, cladosporium sphaerospermum, ...201322774849
effect of two aerosolization methods on the release of fungal propagules from a contaminated agar surface.the effect of perpendicular and swirling aerozolization methods on the release of fungal fragments and spores from agar surface was studied. three fungal species (aspergillus versicolor, cladosporium cladosporioides, penicillium chrysogenum) were selected for the tests as they commonly occur indoors, create different hyphae structure when they grow on surfaces, and have different spore shapes, aerodynamic sizes, and formation mechanisms. as the tested surface, petri dishes filled with malt extra ...201222742802
identification of a brevianamide f reverse prenyltransferase brept from aspergillus versicolor with a broad substrate specificity towards tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides.a putative brevianamide f reverse prenyltransferase gene brept was amplified from aspergillus versicolor nrrl573 by using primers deduced from its orthologue notf in aspergillus sp. mf297-2 and overexpressed in escherichia coli. the soluble his-tagged protein brept was purified to near homogeneity and assayed with tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides in the presence of dimethylallyl diphosphate. brept showed much higher flexibility towards its aromatic substrates than notf and accepted all of ...201322660767
cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of versicolorins and 5-methoxysterigmatocystin in a549 cells.aspergillus versicolor and a. flavus are primary colonizers in damp dwellings, and they produce sterigmatocystin (st) and aflatoxin b1 (afb(1)), respectively. these hepatotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins and their precursors and derivates possess a furofuran ring, which has proven responsible for their toxicity. the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of versicolorin a (ver a) and versicolorin b (ver b), as the furofuran precursors of aflatoxins and st, and of ...201222648070
effects of onion (allium cepa l.) and garlic (allium sativum l.) essential oils on the aspergillus versicolor growth and sterigmatocystin production.in the present study the effects of individual and combined essential oils (eos) extracted from onion (allium cepa l.) bulb and garlic (allium sativum l.) clove on the growth of aspergillus versicolor and sterigmatocystin (stc) production were investigated. the eos obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gc/ms. twenty one compounds were identified in onion eo. the major components were: dimethyl-trisulfide (16.64%), methyl-propyl-trisulfide (14.21%), dietil-1,2,4-tritiolan (3r,5s-, 3s,5s- ...201222497489
[farmer's lung antigens in germany].recent studies suggest that besides the long-known farmer's lung antigen sources saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (micropolyspora faeni), thermoactinomyces vulgaris, and aspergillus fumigatus, additionally the mold absidia (lichtheimia) corymbifera as well as the bacteria erwinia herbicola (pantoea agglomerans) and streptomyces albus may cause farmer's lung in germany. in this study the sera of 64 farmers with a suspicion of farmer's lung were examined for the following further antigens: wallemia ...201222477566
pcr detection of aflatoxin producing fungi and its limitations.unlike bacterial toxins that are primarily peptides and are therefore encoded by a single gene, fungal toxins such as the aflatoxins are multi-ring structures and therefore require a sequence of structural genes for their biological synthesis. there is therefore no specific pcr for any one of the four biologically produced aflatoxins. unfortunately, the structural genes presently in use for pcr detection of aflatoxin producing fungi are also involved in the synthesis of other fungal toxins such ...201222445201
microbiological evaluation of ten french archives and link to occupational symptoms.fungi that damage documents in archives may harm workers' health, depending on which mold species are inhaled, the concentrations of fungal species inhaled, and individual factors. our aim was to identify and quantify fungi in archives and to investigate possible links with the symptoms experienced by workers. ten french archives were sampled using an air impactor and electrostatic dust collectors. allergies and general symptoms felt by 144 workers were reported using a self-report questionnaire ...201222429323
secondary metabolites from an algicolous aspergillus versicolor strain.two new compounds, asperversin a (1) and 9ξ-o-2(2,3-dimethylbut-3-enyl)brevianamide q (2), and nine known compounds, brevianamide k (3), brevianamide m (4), aversin (5), 6,8-di-o-methylnidurufin (6), 6,8-di-o-methylaverufin (7), 6-o-methylaverufin (8), 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (9), ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (10), and 6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol (11), were obtained from the culture of aspergillus versicolor, an endophytic fungus isolated from the marine brown alga ...201222363226
effects of sterigmatocystin on tnf-α, il-6 and il-12 expression in murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and peritoneal macrophages in vivo.sterigmatocystin (st) is a toxic metabolite mainly produced by the fungi aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus versicolor. st is considered a potent carcinogen, mutagen and teratogen. however, over the past few years, it has been demonstrated that it is less acutely toxic to rodents in vivo. in this study, we evaluated the putative effects of st on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), interleukin (il)-6 and il-12 at mrna levels in murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mpbmcs) a ...201222344519
remediation of mould damaged building materials--efficiency of a broad spectrum of treatments.we compared the efficiency of some commercially available products and methods used for remediation of mould-contaminated building materials. samples of gypsum board and pinewood were artificially contaminated with toxin-producing isolates of stachybotrys chartarum and aspergillus versicolor, respectively, then, ten different remediation treatments were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. microbial and chemical analyses of the infested materials were carried out both immediatel ...201222286589
comparison of dna extraction methodologies used for assessing fungal diversity via its sequencing.traditional methods of assessing fungal exposure have been confounded by a number of limiting variables. the recent utilization of molecular methods such as internal transcribed spacer (its) sequencing of ribosomal rna genes has provided improved insight into the diversity of fungal bioaerosols in indoor, outdoor and occupational environments. however, its analyses may also be confounded by a number of methodological limitations. in this study, we have optimized this technology for use in occupa ...201222230933
[activity of antioxidant system of aspergillus versicolor with radioadaptive properties under conditions of exposure to radiation].melanin pigments were revealed for the first time in aspergillus versicolor strains. ionizing irradiation practically did not influence melanin synthesis in a. versicolor strains with radioadaptive properties and stimulated its synthesis in the control strain, which did not show such properties. high level of superoxide dismutase activity (from 100 up to 720 u/mg of protein) was revealed in the investigated strains. the irradiation in exponential phase of growth did not practically influence or ...201122164697
notoamide e: biosynthetic incorporation into notoamides c and d in cultures of aspergillus versicolor nrrl 35600.notoamide e, a short-lived secondary metabolite, has been proposed as a biosynthetic intermediate to several advanced metabolites isolated from aspergillus versicolor. in order to verify the role of this indole alkaloid along the biosynthetic pathway, synthetic doubly (13)c-labeled notoamide e was fed to aspergillus versicolor. analysis of the metabolites showed significant incorporation of notoamide e into the natural products notoamides c and d.201122140279
Total viable molds and fungal DNA in classrooms and association with respiratory health and pulmonary function of European schoolchildren.To cite this article: Simoni M, Cai G-H, Norback D, Annesi-Maesano I, Lavaud F, Sigsgaard T, Wieslander G, Nystad W, Canciani M, Viegi G, Sestini P. Total viable molds and fungal DNA in classrooms and association with respiratory health and pulmonary function of European schoolchildren. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011: 22: 843-852. ABSTRACT: Indoor molds are associated with adverse respiratory effects in children. Although schools are important exposure sources of molds, objective measurements were ...201122122789
[fungal nail infections - an update : part 2 - from the causative agent to diagnosis - conventional and molecular procedures.]trichophyton (t.) rubrum is the most frequently isolated dermatophyte in onychomycosis, both in germany and worldwide. t. interdigitale (formerly t. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale) follows in second place. a further however rarely isolated dermatophyte in onychomycosis is epidermophyton floccosum. candida parapsilosis, candida guilliermondii, and candida albicans, followed by trichosporon spp. are the most important yeasts which are found in onychomycosis. the molds most often responsible inc ...201122037818
Aspergillus versicolor, a New Causative Agent of Canine Disseminated Aspergillosis.Disseminated aspergillosis in dogs has been associated with Aspergillus terreus or A. deflectus infection. We report a case of disseminated A. versicolor infection presenting as diskospondylitis, osteomyelitis, and pyelonephritis. The diagnosis was made based on clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings. The etiologic agent was identified by fungal culture and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. This is the first description of canine aspergillosis caused b ...201222031699
Composition and antimicrobial activity of Seseli globiferum essential oil.The essential oil from aerial parts of Seseli globiferum Vis. obtained by hydrodistillation with Clevenger-type apparatus was analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty-eight compounds were identified, representing 99.4% of the total oil. The main components of the oil were sabinene (38.0%), alpha-pinene (21.2%) and beta-phellandrene (13.5%). The microbial growth inhibitory properties of the isolated essential oil were determined using the broth microdilution method against seven bacterial species: Salmonella ty ...201121922927
Fungal DNA in hotel rooms in Europe and Asia--associations with latitude, precipitation, building data, room characteristics and hotel ranking.There is little information on the indoor environment in hotels. Analysis of fungal DNA by quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a new method which can detect general and specific sequences. Dust was collected through swab sampling of door frames in 69 hotel rooms in 20 countries in Europe and Asia (2007-2009). Five sequences were detected by qPCR: total fungal DNA, Aspergillus and Penicillium DNA (Asp/Pen DNA), Aspergillus versicolor (A. versicolor DNA), Stachybotrys chartarum (S. chartarum DNA) and Strep ...201121897974
quantification of the aspergillus versicolor allergen in house dust.aspergillus versicolor, a fungus commonly found on damp building materials, produces the allergen, asp v 13. here we report a sensitive asp v 13 capture elisa for a. versicolor spores and spore- and mycelial fragments in house dust samples. the method is based on a double polyclonal capture elsia. the detection limits for asp v 13 antigen and a. versicolor spores without dust were 2.44pg and 12ng (ca. 110 spores). detection limits for asp v 13 and a. versicolor spores in sieved house dust sample ...201121763696
biosynthetic studies of the notoamides: isotopic synthesis of stephacidin a and incorporation into notoamide b and sclerotiamide.the advanced natural product stephacidin a is proposed as a biosynthetic precursor to notoamide b in various aspergillus species. doubly (13)c-labeled racemic stephacidin a was synthesized and fed to cultures of the terrestrial-derived fungus, aspergillus versicolor nrrl 35600, and the marine-derived fungus, aspergillus sp. mf297-2. analysis of the metabolites revealed enantiospecific incorporation of intact (-)-stephacidin a into (+)-notoamide b in aspergillus versicolor and (+)-stephacidin a i ...201121714564
characterization of the 41kda allergen asp v 13, a subtilisin-like serine protease from aspergillus versicolor.aspergillus versicolor is common on moldy building materials. asp v 13, the principal allergen is produced by strains collected from across canada. in this paper, we report a 1833bp asp v 13 open reading frame predicted to encode a protein of 403 amino acids in length with three introns. a blast search of asp v 13, a phylogenic tree calculation and alignment with its homologous proteins from other species indicated that asp v 13 is a secretory, subtilisin-like serine protease widely distributed ...201121632114
cytotoxicity of aspergillus fungi isolated from hospital environment.the majority of mycotoxins produced by aspergillus fungi are immunosuppressive agents, and their cytotoxicity may impair defense mechanisms in humans. the objective of the study was evaluation of the cytotoxicity of fungi isolated from an environment where inpatients with impaired immunity were present. the materials comprised 57 fungal strains: aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger: aspergillus ochraceus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus versicolor and aspergillus ustus isolated from hospital ...201121630575
[influence of different types of ionizing radiation on fatty acid profiles of microscopic fungi, showing radioadaptive properties].the fatty acid profiles of strains of dark-pigmented (melanin-containing) species cladosporium cladosporioides and hormoconis resinae, and light-pigmented aspergillus versicolor and paecilomyces lilacinus, showing radioadaptive properties in comparison with control strains of the same species, which did not have such properties and the influence on them of two (121sn; 137cs) types of ionizing radiation have been studied. it was established that the most important fatty acids were hexadecanoic ac ...201121598656
associations between fungal species and water damaged building materials.fungal growth in damp or water damaged buildings worldwide is an increasing problem, which has adverse effects on both the occupants and the buildings. air sampling alone in moldy buildings does not reveal the full diversity of fungal species growing on building materials. one aim of this study was to estimate the qualitative and quantitative diversity of fungi growing on damp or water damaged building materials. another was to determine if associations exist between the most commonly found fung ...201121531835
studies on the biosynthesis of the notoamides: synthesis of an isotopomer of 6-hydroxydeoxybrevianamide e and biosynthetic incorporation into notoamide j.6-hydroxydeoxybrevianamide e is proposed as a biosynthetic precursor to several advanced metabolites isolated from both marine-derived aspergillus sp. and a terrestrial-derived aspergillus versicolor. to verify the role of this reverse-prenylated indole alkaloid as an intermediate along the biosynthetic pathway, [13c]2-[15n]-6-hydroxydeoxybrevianamide e was synthesized and fed to aspergillus versicolor. analysis of the metabolites showed complete incorporation of the intermediate into the natura ...201121504234
fungal dna, allergens, mycotoxins and associations with asthmatic symptoms among pupils in schools from johor bahru, malaysia.while there is a large variation of prevalence of asthma symptoms worldwide, what we do know is that it is on the rise in developing countries. however, there are few studies on allergens, moulds and mycotoxin exposure in schools in tropical countries. the aims were to measure selected fungal dna, furry pet allergens and mycotoxins in dust samples from schools in malaysia and to study associations with pupils' respiratory health effects. eight secondary schools and 32 classrooms in johor bahru, ...201121457336
inflammatory cytokine gene expression in thp-1 cells exposed to stachybotrys chartarum and aspergillus versicolor.very little is known about the mechanisms that occur in human cells upon exposure to fungi as well as their mycotoxins. a better understanding of toxin-regulated gene expression would be helpful to identify safe levels of exposure and could eventually be the basis for establishing guidelines for remediation scenarios following a water intrusion event. in this research, cytokine mrna expression patterns were investigated in the human monocytic thp-1 cell line exposed to fungal extracts of various ...201121384497
the mycobiota of three dry-cured meat products from slovenia.the surface mycobiota of three types of slovenian dry-cured meat products were isolated from a total of 75 items of product that were sampled periodically during the drying/ripening stage of processing. the predominant filamentous fungal genus isolated was penicillium. eurotium spp., aspergillus versicolor and cladosporium spp. were isolated from only two of the products. eight penicillium species were identified. penicillium nordicum was recovered frequently. penicillium nalgiovense was recover ...201021356440
new quinazolinone alkaloids within rare amino acid residue from coral-associated fungus, aspergillus versicolor lcj-5-4.cottoquinazoline d (3), a new alkaloid with a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid residue rarely discovered in nature, was isolated and identified together with two new quinazolinone alkaloids, cottoquinazolines b (1) and c (2), from coral-associated fungus aspergillus versicolor lcj-5-4. their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods, x-ray single crystal diffraction analysis, and chemical methods. a possible biogenetic pathway for them was p ...201121271733
collection efficiencies of an electrostatic sampler with superhydrophobic surface for fungal bioaerosols.we recently developed an electrostatic precipitator with superhydrophobic surface (epss), which collects particles into a 10- to 40-μl water droplet allowing achievement of very high concentration rates (defined as the ratio of particle concentration in the collection liquid vs. the airborne particle concentration per time unit) when sampling airborne bacteria. here, we analyzed the performance of this sampler when collecting three commonly found fungal spores--cladosporium cladosporioides, peni ...201121204982
adsorption profile of lead on aspergillus versicolor: a mechanistic probing.the adsorption of lead on aspergillus versicolor biomass (avb) has been investigated in aqueous solution with special reference to binding mechanism in order to explore the possibilities of the biomass to address environmental pollution. avb, being the most potent of all the fungal biomasses tested, has been successfully employed for reducing the lead content of the effluents of battery industries to permissible limit (1.0 mg l(-1)) before discharging into waterbodies. the results establish that ...201021159429
use of epidemiological cutoff values to examine 9-year trends in susceptibility of aspergillus species to the triazoles.in the absence of clinical breakpoints, epidemiological cutoff values (ecvs) have been established to distinguish wild-type (wt) isolates of aspergillus spp. from those that may harbor resistance mutations. recently, the clsi has developed ecvs for triazoles (itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole) and common aspergillus species. we applied the triazole ecvs to 1,789 aspergillus isolates collected from 63 centers worldwide from 2001 to 2009 to determine the frequency of non-wt strains of e ...201021123534
apoptosis-inducing effect of diketopiperazine disulfides produced by aspergillus sp. kmd 901 isolated from marine sediment on hct116 colon cancer cell lines.research is to identify the bioactive secondary metabolites produced by aspergillus sp. kmd 901 isolated from marine sediment and to assess their apoptosis-inducing effects.201021122037
sterigmatocystins from the deep-sea-derived fungus aspergillus versicolor.three new sterigmatocystin derivatives, oxisterigmatocystin a (1), oxisterigmatocystin b (2) and oxisterigmatocystin c (3), together with one known compound, 5-methoxysterigmatocystin (4), were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus aspergillus versicolor. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. the cytotoxicities of compounds 1-4 were evaluated against the a-549 and hl-60 cell lines. compound 4 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against the a-549 and hl-6 ...201021119680
characterization of phenolic content, in vitro biological activity, and pesticide loads of extracts from white grape skins from organic and conventional cultivars.grape skin extracts of riesling vitis vinifera l. grapes from conventionally or organically managed cultivars were compared on the basis of their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties and pesticide loads. promising results on their biological properties suggest that those extracts would be valuable as food preservatives. the antioxidant capacity of conventional extracts was significantly higher, according to the higher content in catechin, epicatechin ...201020870004
biological active metabolite cyclo (l-trp-l-phe) produced by south china sea sponge holoxea sp. associated fungus aspergillus versicolor strain ts08.sponge-associated fungi represent the single most prolific source of novel natural products from marine fungi. cyclo (l-trp-l-phe) exhibits biological functions such as plant growth regulation, moderate cytotoxicity and thus has the application potential in pharmaceutical and agricultural biotechnologies. in this study, a fungal strain ts08 was isolated from sponge holoxea sp. in the south china sea and identified as a. versicolor according to its 18s rrna gene and morphological, physiological, ...201120809226
[organic dust at workplaces: measurement of pyrogenic activity].organic dust is composed of numerous components. exposed people may have health problems. respiratory tract complaints may occur at workplaces like those in agriculture or in the waste industry. therefore methods that determine the composition and activity of dust components are important. they help in the performance of risk estimations and could accompany intervention studies. the aim of our study was to establish a whole blood assay using cryo-preserved blood for characterisation of the pyrog ...201020533171
other fungi causing onychomycosis.nondermatophyte onychomycosis account for 2% to 12% of all nail fungal infections and can be caused by a wide range of fungi, mainly scopulariopsis brevicaulis, aspergillus versicolor, a. flavus, a. niger, a. fumigatus, fusarium solani, f. oxysporum and scytalidium spp. among the predisposing factors are footwear, hyperhidrosis, local trauma, peripheral circulatory disease, and immunosuppression. these nondermatophyte fungi lack the keratinolytic capacity of dermatophytes, but they still can inf ...201020347658
distribution and identification of airborne fungi in railway stations in tokyo, japan.the current study was performed to (1) understand the distribution of airborne fungi culturable on dichloran-glycerol agar (dg18) media over a one-year monitoring period, (2) identify the types of airborne fungi collected, and (3) compare and contrast under- and above-ground spaces, in two railway stations in tokyo, japan.201020299760
wild-type minimum effective concentration distributions and epidemiologic cutoff values for caspofungin and aspergillus spp. as determined by clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution methods.antifungal susceptibility testing of aspergillus spp. against caspofungin has been standardized by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi). recent studies have documented breakthrough infections with aspergillus spp. for which the minimum effective concentration (mec) for caspofungin ranged from 0.25 to 8 microg/ml. we tested a collection of 1590 clinical isolates of aspergillus spp. (188 aspergillus flavus, 1187 aspergillus fumigatus, 114 aspergillus niger, 71 aspergillus terreus ...201020207095
bioactive metabolites from the sponge-derived fungus aspergillus versicolor.as part of an ongoing search for bioactive metabolites from the fungus aspergillus versicolor derived from a marine sponge petrosia sp., an aromatic polyketide derivative (1), two xanthones (2 and 3), and five anthraquinones (4-8) were isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation. the gross structures were determined based on the nmr and ms spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were defined by comparison of optical rotation data with those of reported. compounds 2, 4, 5, and 7 exhi ...201020195823
stereoselective hydrogenation on the exocyclic and conjugated double bond of sesquiterpene lactones by aspergillus versicolor d-1.aspergillus versicolor d-1 was employed to convert dehydrocostuslactone (1) and 3-hydroxy-1(10),3,11(13)-guaiatriene-12,6-olide-2-one (5) stereoselectively. the reactions occurring were specific hydrogenation on the exocyclic alpha,beta-double bond of sesquiterpene lactones with excellent conversion. products were identified by the analysis of their spectra such as uv, ir, ms, (1)h, (13)c nmr, and noesy, and the structure of one new compound was elucidated. the characteristic of the stereoselect ...200920183266
dna damage and dna damage responses in thp-1 monocytes after exposure to spores of either stachybotrys chartarum or aspergillus versicolor or to t-2 toxin.we have characterized cell death in thp-1 cells after exposure to heat-treated spores from satratoxin g-producing stachybotrys chartarum isolate ibt 9631, atranone-producing s. chartarum isolate ibt 9634, and sterigmatocystin-producing aspergillus versicolor isolate ibt 3781, as well as the trichothecenes t-2 and satratoxin g. spores induced cell death within 3-6 h, with stachybotrys appearing most potent. ibt 9631 induced both apoptosis and necrosis, while ibt 9634 and ibt 3781 induced mostly n ...201020150440
cerebral mycosis: 7-year retrospective series in a tertiary center.this study focuses on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnosis and outcome of all cases of central nervous system (cns) fungal infections in a tertiary center. medical records of 18 patients of culture-proven cns fungal infections were retrospectively reviewed from 2000 to 2007, including 12 isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and seven from tissue biopsy. patient demographic data included 10 males and eight females. the mean age was 55 years (range: 24-89 years ...201019845862
jem spotlight: fungi, mycotoxins and microbial volatile organic compounds in mouldy interiors from water-damaged buildings.concerns have been raised about exposure to mycotoxin producing fungi and the microbial volatile organic compounds (mvocs) they produce in indoor environments. therefore, the presence of fungi and mycotoxins was investigated in 99 samples (air, dust, wallpaper, mycelium or silicone) collected in the mouldy interiors of seven water-damaged buildings. in addition, volatile organic compounds (vocs) were sampled. the mycotoxins were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/m ...200919809708
use of zero-valent iron nanoparticles in inactivating microbes.nanoscale zero-valent iron (nzvi) particles were investigated in inactivating gram-positive bacillus subtilis var. niger and gram-negative pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, and the fungus aspergillus versicolor. nzvi particles were synthesized using nabh(4) and fe(no(3))(3).9h(2)o, and the microbial suspensions were subjected to the treatments of nzvi particle suspensions with concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10mg/ml for 5min. field emission scanning electron microscope (fe-sem) was used to characte ...200919783027
effective bioremoval of reactive dye and heavy metals by aspergillus versicolor.in this study, bioaccumulation of heavy metal and dye by aspergillus versicolor was investigated. optimum ph values of the maximum heavy metal bioaccumulation was found as 6 for 50mg/l cr(vi), ni(ii) and 5 for cu(ii) ions with the 99.89%, 30.05% and 29.06% removal yield, respectively. the bioremoval of the dye up to 800 mg/l at ph 5 and 6 was investigated and 27.15% and 28.95% removal rates were measured respectively. the presence of cr(vi) with dye, decreased the uptake yield for both pollutant ...201019773159
patterns of susceptibility of aspergillus isolates recovered from patients enrolled in the transplant-associated infection surveillance network.we analyzed antifungal susceptibilities of 274 clinical aspergillus isolates from transplant recipients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis collected as part of the transplant-associated infection surveillance network (transnet) and examined the relationship between mic and mortality at 6 or 12 weeks. antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) m38-a2 broth dilution method for amphotericin b (amb), itraconazole (itr), voric ...200919692558
comparison of techniques to examine the diversity of fungi in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.this study compares conventional and molecular techniques for the detection of fungi in 77 adult cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. three different methods were investigated, i.e., (1) conventional microbiological culture (including yeasts and filamentous fungi), (2) mycological culture with cf-derived fungal specific culture media, and (3) non-culture and direct dna extraction from patient sputa. fungi isolated from environmental air samples of the cf unit were compared to fungi in sputa from cf pa ...201019672783
brevianamide j, a new indole alkaloid dimer from fungus aspergillus versicolor.brevianamide j (1), a new indole alkaloid dimer, was isolated together with four new diketopiperazine alkaloids (brevianamide k-n, 2-5) from the solid-state fermented culture of aspergillus versicolor. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. x-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed the structures of 1 and 4.200919627104
effect of glycosylation on the biochemical properties of beta-xylosidases from aspergillus versicolor.aspergillus versicolor grown on xylan or xylose produces two beta-xylosidases with differences in biochemical properties and degree of glycosylation. we investigated the alterations in the biochemical properties of these beta-xylosidases after deglycosylation with endo-h or pngase f. after deglycosylation, both enzymes migrated faster in page or sds-page exhibiting the same r(f). temperature optimum of xylan-induced and xylose-induced beta-xylosidases was 45 degrees c and 40 degrees c, respectiv ...200919557344
indoor fungal contamination of moisture-damaged and allergic patient housing analysed using real-time pcr.the aim of our study was to compare, using real-time (rt) pcr, quantitative levels of five fungal species in three kinds of dwellings.200919486284
onychomycosis caused by aspergillus versicolor.we report a case of onychomycosis caused by aspergillus versicolor in a 66-year-old female patient. the infection was characterised clinically by yellowish pigmentation of the nail plate and mild nail bed hyperkeratosis of the first left toe. all other nails were normal. three direct microscopical examinations of nail samples revealed the presence of hyaline hyphae as well as conidiophores. pure colonies of a. versicolor were found in three cultures. the patient was successfully treated with ora ...201019422523
determination of microbial volatile organic compounds (mvocs) by passive sampling onto charcoal sorbents.passive sampling combined with gc-ms was applied for the detection of microbial volatile organic compounds (mvocs) emitted by mould cultures. the fungi species penicillium expansum, penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium brevicompactum, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus versicolor, aspergillus niger, and cladosporium cladosporoides were cultivated on dichloran glycerol agar. the emitted volatiles were collected by charcoal-based passive diffusion monitors during the first four weeks of growth. se ...200919289243
cottoquinazoline a and cotteslosins a and b, metabolites from an australian marine-derived strain of aspergillus versicolor.an australian marine-derived isolate of aspergillus versicolor (mst-mf495) yielded the known fungal metabolites sterigmatocystin, violaceol i, violaceol ii, diorcinol, (-)-cyclopenol, and viridicatol, along with a new alkaloid, cottoquinazoline a (1), and two new cyclopentapeptides, cotteslosins a (2) and b (3). structures for 1-3 and the known compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis. the absolute configurations of 1-3 were addressed by chemical degradation and application of the c(3 ...200919245260
treatment of fungal bioaerosols by a high-temperature, short-time process in a continuous-flow system.airborne fungi, termed fungal bioaerosols, have received attention due to the association with public health problems and the effects on living organisms in nature. there are growing concerns that fungal bioaerosols are relevant to the occurrence of allergies, opportunistic diseases in hospitals, and outbreaks of plant diseases. the search for ways of preventing and curing the harmful effects of fungal bioaerosols has created a high demand for the study and development of an efficient method of ...200919201954
adsorption behavior of mercury on functionalized aspergillus versicolor mycelia: atomic force microscopic study.the adsorption characteristics of mercury on aspergillus versicolor mycelia have been studied under varied environments. the mycelia are functionalized by carbon disulfide (cs(2)) treatment under alkaline conditions to examine the enhance uptake capacity and explore its potentiality in pollution control management. the functionalized a. versicolor mycelia have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray analysis (sem-edxa), attenuated total reflection infrared (atr ...200919115871
mouse model of aspergillus and alternaria induced rhinosinusitis.fungi are known to induce the production of chemical mediators from respiratory epithelial cells and have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens in sinusitis. however, the exact role of fungi in the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis has not been clearly established. this study was performed to improve our understanding of the role of fungi in the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis by developing an animal model of fungus induced rhinosinusitis.200919084360
effects on perceived air quality and symptoms of exposure to microbially produced metabolites and compounds emitted from damp building materials.this work investigated perceived air quality and health effects from exposure to low to high levels of volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted from damp building materials and a mixture of molds growing on the materials. a mixture of wallemia sebi, fusarium culmorum, penicillium chrysogenum, ulocladium botrytis, and aspergillus versicolor was inoculated on pine wood and particle board. in study 1, each of 27 participants took part in two exposure conditions, one with air from molds growing on ...200919077173
[aspergillus spp. in risk areas of transplant patients in a university hospital].as a consequence of the increase in the number of immunocompromised patients, cases of aspergillosis, due to the opportunist character of this fungus, have increased considerably. aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus niger have been found in air and water samples of the majority of investigated hospitals. the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of aspergilli in transplant patients areas at the hospital universitario of bogotá, colombia. samples of air w ...200819071892
size-fractionated (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan concentrations aerosolized from different moldy building materials.release of submicrometer-sized fungal fragments (<1.0 microm) was discovered in earlier studies, which investigated the aerosolization of spores from moldy surfaces. however, the contribution of fungal fragments to total mold exposure is poorly characterized. the purpose of this study was to investigate the size-fractionated concentrations of particulate (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan and numbers of particles aerosolized from the surface of artificially mold-contaminated materials using a novel sampling ...200919012949
preparation of a reference material containing sterigmatocystin.to assure the homogeneity of a reference material for the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ste), a study was first conducted to prepare a reference material of rice containing the colouring food red 106. the protocol developed was then used to prepare a reference material of rice containing ste. initially, a v-shaped mixer was used to mix food red 106 and ground brown rice, but the resulting mixture was non-homogeneous. however, when a shakemaster was used for the simultaneous grinding and mixing of ...200818798039
chamber evaluation of a personal, bioaerosol cyclone sampler.a personal cyclone sampler (cyclone) was operated in a 0.9-m3 chamber, side by side with a 25-mm filter sampler (filter) and either a slit impactor (air-o-cell) or a single-stage, multiple-hole, agar impactor (n6). aerosols of two fungal spores were collected for 5 min to 5 hr-aspergillus versicolor: 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 min; concentration: 10(2)-10(5) spore m(-3); scopulariopsis brevicaulis: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30-min; concentration: 10(3)-10(5) spore m(-3) (six replicates for each s ...200818720289
interaction of chromium with resistant strain aspergillus versicolor: investigation with atomic force microscopy and other physical studies.the interaction of chromium and a chromate resistant aspergillus versicolor strain has been studied by atomic force (afm) and transmission electron (tem) microscopies. the nanomechanical properties such as cell wall rigidity and elasticity were measured by force spectroscopy and found to be 0.61 +/- 0.08 n/m, and 20.5 +/- 2.1 mpa, respectively. on chromium binding, ultrastuctural changes of the cell wall along with the formation of layered structures on the cell wall were observed. tem and afm m ...200818598062
determination of volatile metabolites originating from mould growth on wall paper and synthetic media.microbial volatile organic compounds (mvocs) emitted from the mould species penicillium expansum, p. chrysogenum, aspergillus versicolor, a. fumigatus, a. niger and cladosporium cladosporoides were analyzed by means of solid phase microextraction (spme) and gcms. the mould species were cultivated on the synthetic agar dichloran chloramphenicol (dg 18) and on wet wall paper. the production of mvocs was monitored over several weeks to detect changes in the emission rates between the initial stage ...200818577403
development of a novel pcr assay for the identification of the black yeast, exophiala (wangiella) dermatitidis from adult patients with cystic fibrosis (cf).cystic fibrosis (cf) patients may suffer increased morbidity and mortality through colonisation, allergy and invasive infection from fungi. the black yeast, exophiala dermatitidis (synonym wangiella dermatitidis) has been found with increasing frequency in sputum specimens of cf patients, with reported isolation rates ranging from 1.1 to 15.7%. at present, no diagnostic pcr exists to aid with the clinical laboratory detection and identification of this organism. a novel species-specific pcr-base ...200818571996
effect of gaseous chlorine dioxide on indoor microbial contaminants.traditional and modern techniques for bioaerosol enumeration were used to evaluate the relative efficiency of gaseous chlorine dioxide (clo2) in reducing the indoor microbial contamination under field and laboratory conditions. the field study was performed in a highly microbially contaminated house, which had had an undetected roof leak for an extended period of time and exhibited large areas of visible microbial growth. air concentrations of culturable fungi and bacteria, total fungi determine ...200818512442
antimicrobial activity of paenibacillus polymyxa sce2 against some mycotoxin-producing fungi.the purpose of this study was to investigate the antagonistic activity of paenibacillus polymyxa strain sce2 against mycotoxigenic fungi and to characterize the antimicrobial compound.200818498348
mycobiota and aflatoxins in raw materials and pet food in brazil.commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. in dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. the aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (afs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of aspergillus flavus species was investigated. aspergillus ...200818477320
[unusual fungal species causing onychomycosis.].dermatomycoses caused by non-dermatophytic mycelial fungi are very rare with the exception of onychomycoses. controversies regarding the pathogenic role often arise when these species and yeasts are isolated from nail scrapings. candida albicans and candida parapsilosis are the species identified more frequently from nails, particularly from finger nails. because they could be resident flora of the skin, cultures should be interpreted according to clinical data, direct microscopic observation of ...199918473597
quantitative pcr analysis of fungi and bacteria in building materials and comparison to culture-based analysis.prolonged moisture on building materials can lead to microbial growth on them. microbes can emit spores, metabolites and structural parts into the indoor air and thus, cause adverse health effects of people living and working in these buildings. so far, culture methods have been used for assessment of microbial contamination of building materials. in this work, we used quantitative pcr (qpcr) for the detection of selected fungal and bacterial groups in 184 building materials of different types a ...200818449403
[indoor moulds: results of the environmental study in office rooms].the aim of the study was to quantitatively and qualitatively identify moulds occurring in the air of selected office rooms.200718421934
isolation, structure elucidation, and biomimetic total synthesis of versicolamide b, and the isolation of antipodal (-)-stephacidin a and (+)-notoamide b from aspergillus versicolor nrrl 35600. 200818389509
screening of aspergillus species for occurrence of lectins and their characterization.ten species of aspergillus were screened for occurrence of lectins. each of the species was investigated for the occurrence of extracellular, surface-bound and intracellular lectin activities. as many as four species namely, aspergillus niger, aspergillus versicolor, aspergillus rugulosus and aspergillus nidulans, were found to possess intracellular lectin activities, while none of the species showed extracellular or surface-bound lectin activities. each of the lectin was characterized with resp ...200818383222
identification of spore allergens from the indoor mould aspergillus versicolor.indoor mould growth and dampness are associated with respiratory health effects and allergies and several studies demonstrated that mainly aspergillus versicolor and penicillium expansum are responsible for indoor mould exposure. in contrast, commercialized test systems to diagnose allergic reactions to this mould species are not available. in this study, allergenic proteins from spores of the indoor relevant species a. versicolor and p. expansum should get detected and identified.200818315733
a study on the adsorption mechanism of mercury on aspergillus versicolor biomass.the adsorption behavior of mercury on aspergillus versicolor biomass (avb) has been investigated in aqueous solution to understand the physicochemical process involved and to explore the potentiality of avb in pollution control management. this biomass has been successfully used for reducing the mercury concentration level in the effluent of chloralkali and battery industries to a permissible limit. the results establish that 75.6 mg of mercury is adsorbed per gram of biomass. the adsorption pro ...200718200852
aerosolization of particulate (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan from moldy materials.mold-damaged building materials may contain biologically active agents, such as (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan, allergens, and mycotoxins, which have been associated with adverse health effects. the release of these components from contaminated surfaces into the air is not well understood. the purpose of this study was to characterize the release of particulate (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan from the surface of artificially mold-contaminated materials. aspergillus versicolor and stachybotrys chartarum were grown ...200818065630
mycotoxins in rice.mycotoxin contamination in rice is usually lower as in wheat or corn. however, there are some reports that rice has been contaminated with mycotoxins such as aflatoxin b1, b2, g1, g2 (afs), citrinin, deoxynivalenol (don), fumonisin b1, b2, b3 (fms), fusarenon-x (fus.-x), nivalenol (niv), ochratoxin a (ota), sterigmatocystin (ste), and zearalenone. rice in japan is preserved in warehouses where moisture content and temperature are regulated. therefore, mycotoxin contamination from post harvest fu ...200717913273
german environmental survey for children (geres iv)--first results.german environmental surveys (geress) are large scale population studies which have been carried out on adults in 1985/86, 1990/92 and 1998 and on children aged 6-14 years in 1990/92. geres iv is the first survey focussing exclusively on children [becker, k., schulz, c., babisch, w., dürkop, j., roskamp, e., seiwert, m., szewzyk, r., ullrich, d., seifert, b., 2005. german environmental survey for children (geres iv) 2003-2006. pullut. atmos. 188, 475-479]. geres iv included a representative samp ...200717870665
the pan-ac assay: a single-reaction real-time pcr test for quantitative detection of a broad range of aspergillus and candida species.in view of the growing incidence and the high mortality of invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis, adequate diagnostic techniques permitting timely onset of treatment are of paramount importance. more than 90 % of all invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised individuals can be attributed to candida and aspergillus species. to date, standardized techniques permitting rapid, sensitive and, no less importantly, economic screening for the clinically most relevant fungi are lacking. in the pre ...200717761478
a small change in the design of a slit bioaerosol impactor significantly improves its collection characteristics.while several methods are available for bioaerosol monitoring, impaction remains the most common one, particularly for collecting fungal spores. earlier studies have shown that the collection efficiency of many conventional single-stage bioaerosol impactors falls below 50% for spores with an aerodynamic diameter between 1.7 and 2.5 microm because their cut-off size is 2.5 microm or greater. the cut-off size reduction is primarily done by substantially increasing the sampling flow rate or decreas ...200717671667
mycoflora of two types of portuguese dry-smoked sausages and inhibitory effect of sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate on mold growth rate.the mycoflora of chouriqo types alentejano and ribatejano, two varieties of portuguese dry-smoked sausages, have been investigated after a producer-defined shelf life period (120 days at 20 +/- 5 degrees c) in modified atmosphere packaging (55% n2 and 45% co2). on the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics, the isolates were identified as penicillium, aspergillus, fusarium, rhizopus, monilia, absidia, and cephalosporium. the species identified were as follows: penicillium terre ...200717612078
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