Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted descending)
Filter
modified recombinant adenoviruses increase porcine circovirus 2 capsid protein expression and induce enhanced immune responses in mice.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary viral pathogen of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) and vaccination is an important method to prevent and control the disease. the expression of pcv2 capsid protein (cap) in adenovirus vector system has been investigated, but the poor immune responses limit its application. in this study, transcriptional enhancer element largest intron of the human cytomegalovirus (intron a) and woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory ...201727640437
impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus-2 infection on the potency of the classical swine fever vaccine (lom strain).the classical swine fever (csf) vaccine, which is derived from the lom strain of the csf virus (csfv), induces protective immunity against csfv infection. however, several factors influence vaccine efficacy. evidence suggests that infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and/or porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) reduces the efficacy of several vaccines. here, we examined the effect of prrsv or pcv2 alone or co-infection by prrsv/pcv2 on the potency of the lom vaccine in ...201627599928
rapid and specific detection of porcine parvovirus by isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assays.porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a major cause of swine reproductive failure and reported in many countries worldwide. recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) assays using a real-time fluorescent detection (ppv real-time rpa assay) and a lateral flow dipstick (ppv rpa lfd assay) were developed targeting ppv ns1 gene. the detection limit of ppv real-time rpa assay was 300 copies per reaction within 9 min at 38 °c, while the rpa lfd assay has a detection limit of 400 copies per reaction in less than ...201627593155
a survey of porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) associated pathogens among commercial pig farms of korea via oral fluid method.oral fluid analysis for monitoring herd is an interest in commercial pig farms in korea. the aim of this study was to investigate the positive rates and correlation of eight pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) by analyzing oral fluid samples from 214 pig groups from 56 commercial farms. the samples collected by rope-chewing method were analyzed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) or standard pcr depending on microorganisms. the pathogens ...201627586468
suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 plays an important role in porcine circovirus type 2 subclinical infection by downregulating proinflammatory responses.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes porcine circovirus-associated diseases and usually evokes a subclinical infection, without any obvious symptoms, in pigs. it remains unclear how pcv2 leads to a subclinical infection. in this study, we found that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from pcv2-challenged piglets with no significant clinical symptoms exhibited increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) 3, but no significant changes in the expression of the proinfla ...201627581515
a chimeric virus created by dna shuffling of the capsid genes of different subtypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in the backbone of the non-pathogenic pcv1 induces protective immunity against the predominant pcv2b and the emerging pcv2d in pigs.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). available commercial vaccines all target pcv2a subtype, although the circulating predominant subtype worldwide is pcv2b, and the emerging pcv2d subtype is also increasingly associated with pcvad. here we molecularly bred genetically-divergent strains representing pcv2a, pcv2b, pcv2c, pcv2d, and "divergent pcv2a" subtypes by dna-shuffling of the capsid genes to produce a chimeric viru ...201627564544
establishment and application of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay differentiating pcv2 antibodies from mixture of pcv1/pcv2 antibodies in pig sera.porcine cirovirus type 1 (pcv1) and type 2 (pcv2) are circulating in chinese pig herds and the infected pigs develop antibodies to both viruses. current commercial available elisa kits cannot differentiate pcv2-specific antibodies from the mixtures of pcv1 and pcv2 antibodies in pcv1/2-infected or pcv2-vaccinated pigs. therefore, the need for developing pcv2-specific elisa methods is urgent to evaluate pcv2 antibody level in exclusion of pcv1 antibody interference after pcv2 vaccination.201627561335
hsp90 inhibitor reduces porcine circovirus 2 replication in the porcine monocytic line 3d4/31.porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is an important pathogen of swine, which causes porcine circovirus disease and porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvd/pcvad). however, no effective countermeasures exist to combat this virus infection so far. recently, heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) was found to be an important host factor for the replication of multiple viruses and the inhibition of hsp90 showed significant antiviral effects. inhibition of hsp90 by treatment of porcine monocytic line 3d4/31 with ...201727557816
heat shock protein 90 is essential for replication of porcine circovirus type 2 in pk-15 cells.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is recognized as the causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). however, the mechanism of pcv2 replication has not been understood completely. heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) plays an important role in viral genome replication, viral genes expression, and viral particle packaging. in this study, we firstly found that inhibition of hsp90 by pretreatment of host cells with 17-aag, a specific inhibitor of hsp90, or blocking hsp90α/hsp90β with si ...201627553861
molecular detection and genome characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in rats captured on commercial swine farms.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is considered the major etiological pathogen of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvads) in pigs. recently, pcv2 was also found in non-porcine animals such as cattle, rats, and mice. however, there was no record of pcv2 in rats in china. the goal of this study was to investigate whether pcv2 was present in rats (rattus norvegicus, rn) on three swine farms, using molecular tools. pcr results showed that 30 of 95 (31.6 %) rat samples were positive for pcv2. ...201627530112
porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) increases the expression of endothelial adhesion/junction molecules.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus disease, a complex multisystem syndrome in domestic pigs. despite the significant economic losses caused by porcine circovirus disease, the mechanisms of pathogenesis underlying the clinical findings remain largely unclear. as various reports have highlighted the potential key role of vascular lesions in the pathogenesis of porcine circovirus disease, the aim of this work was to investigate effects of pcv2 infe ...201627522934
companion animals as a source of viruses for human beings and food production animals.companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viru ...201627522300
label-free immunoassay for porcine circovirus type 2 based on excessively tilted fiber grating modified with staphylococcal protein a.using excessively tilted fiber grating (ex-tfg) inscribed in standard single mode fiber, we developed a novel label-free immunoassay for specific detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), which is a minim animal virus. staphylococcal protein a (spa) was used to modify the silanized fiber surface thus forming a spa layer, which would greatly enhance the proportion of anti-pcv2 monoclonal antibody (mab) bioactivity, thus improving the effectiveness of specific adsorption and binding events be ...201627518582
duplex nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 from tissue samples.there are high levels of co-incidence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in porcine tissue. this study established a duplex nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method that targets the genomic rna of type 2 prrsv and the mrna of pcv2 in infected tissues. the method amplified discriminative bands of 347 bp and 265 bp specific for type 2 prrsv and pcv2, respectively. the limits of detection of the duplex ne ...201727515271
phylodynamic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2: methodological approach and datasets.since its first description, pcv2 has emerged as one of the most economically relevant diseases for the swine industry. despite the introduction of vaccines effective in controlling clinical syndromes, pcv2 spread was not prevented and some potential evidences of vaccine immuno escape have recently been reported ("complete genome sequence of a novel porcine circovirus type 2b variant present in cases of vaccine failures in the united states" (xiao and halbur, 2012) [1], "genetic and antigenic ch ...201627508215
rapid detection of porcine circovirus 2 by recombinase polymerase amplification.porcine circovirus-associated disease, caused primarily by porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2), has become endemic in many pig-producing countries and has resulted in significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. tests for pcv-2 infection include pcr, nested pcr, competitive pcr, and real-time pcr (rtpcr). recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) has emerged as an isothermal gene amplification technology for the molecular detection of infectious disease agents. rpa is performed at a co ...201627493138
lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus type-2 infection in estonia.the present study describes the reasons of post-weaning distress in estonian pig herds. here we examined the natural cases of lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) infection and co-infections. the presence of l. intracellularis in swine herds were tested by pcr and by histopathological methods, whereas pcv2 was detected by real-time-pcr and immunohistochemical stainings. seven of the 11 investigated herds with signs of post-weaning wasting were infected with l. intracellularis ...201627487502
porcine circovirus type 2 increases il-1β and il-10 production via the myd88-nf-κb signaling pathway in porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro.porcine alveolar macrophages represent the first line of defense in the porcine lung after infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) via the respiratory tract. however, pcv2 infection impairs the microbicidal capability of pams and alters cytokine production and/or secretion. currently, the reason for the imbalance of cytokines has not been fully elucidated and the regulatory mechanisms involved are not clear. here, we investigated the expression levels and regulation of il-1β and il-10 in ...201627456771
retrospective analysis of bacterial and viral co-infections in pneumocystis spp. positive lung samples of austrian pigs with pneumonia.aim of this study was the retrospective investigation of viral (porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), torque teno sus virus type 1 and 2 (ttsuv1, ttsuv2)) and bacterial (bordetella bronchiseptica (b. b.), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. h.), and pasteurella multocida (p. m.)) co-infections in 110 pneumocystis spp. positive lung samples of austrian pigs with pneumonia. fifty-one % were positive for pcv2, 7% for prrsv, 22% for ttsuv1, 48% for t ...201627428002
susceptibility of porcine preimplantation embryos to viruses associated with reproductive failure.in the modern biological area, the applications of pig as a laboratory model have extensive prospects, such as gene transfer, ivf, scnt, and xenotransplantation. however, the risk of pathogen transmission by porcine embryos is always a topic to be investigated, especially the viruses related to reproductive failure, for instance, pseudorabies virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine parvovirus, and porcine circovirus type 2. it should be mentioned that the zona pelluci ...201627423729
infectious agents identified in aborted swine fetuses in a high-density breeding area: a three-year study.reproductive failure in sows is one of the most important factors affecting pig breeding. many reproductive disorders are linked to both environmental factors and infectious agents. the goal of our study was to determine the presence of pathogens that are known to cause abortion, considering a set of conditioning factors, such as seasonality and pregnancy period. a large number of aborted fetuses (1,625 fetuses from 140 farms) from a high-density breeding area in northern italy was analyzed for ...201627400956
genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 from dead minks.circovirus infection is a growing problem in the field of veterinary and public health. it is associated with enteric diseases in both mammalian and avian hosts. in this study, we detected and isolated porcine circovirus strains in the tissue samples of minks that died from diarrhoea in shandong province, china. we sequenced the whole genome of two porcine strains of circovirus, designated as misd-1 and misd-2， which had a 97.34% similarity on nucleotide sequence and were closely related to porc ...201627324162
a commercial pcv2a-based vaccine significantly reduces pcv2b transmission in experimental conditions.transmission characteristics of pcv2 have been compared between vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs in experimental conditions. twenty-four specific pathogen free (spf) piglets, vaccinated against pcv2 at 3weeks of age (pcv2a recombinant cap protein-based vaccine), were inoculated at 15days post-vaccination with a pcv2b inoculum (6⋅10(5) tcid50), and put in contact with 24 vaccinated spf piglets during 42days post-inoculation. those piglets were shared in six replicates of a contact trial involvi ...201627318416
[immunogenicity of a recombinant pseudorabies virus coexpressing orf2 gene of pcv2 and porcine il-18 gene in mice].to develop a bivalent vaccine against pseudorabies virus (prv) and porcine circovirus (pcv2), il-18 was used as immunologic adjuvant.201627305786
involvement of mir-15a in g0/g1 phase cell cycle arrest induced by porcine circovirus type 2 replication.many viruses exploit the host cell division cycle to favour their own growth. here we demonstrated that porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), which is a major causative agent of an emerging and important swine disease complex, pcv2-associated diseases, caused g0/g1 cell cycle arrest through degradation of cyclin d1 and e followed by reduction of retinoblastoma phosphorylation in synchronized pcv2-infected cells dependent upon virus replication. this induction of g0/g1 cell cycle arrest promoted pcv2 ...201627302568
establishment of a nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr assay to distinguish field strains and attenuated strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) can cause serious disease and even death in neonatal piglets, resulting in serious damage to the swine industry worldwide. open reading frame 3 (orf3) is the only accessory gene in the pedv genome. previous studies have indicated that pedv vaccine strains have a partial deletion in orf3. in this study, a nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr) assay targeting the orf3 of pedv was developed to distinguish pedv field str ...201627287433
national reduction in porcine circovirus type 2 prevalence following introduction of vaccination.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), a small, single-stranded circular dna virus and the causative agent of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad), was first observed in the mid-1990s in pigs with a post-weaning wasting disease. in 2006 the number of pcvad cases greatly increased, marking it as an important viral pathogen for the united states (us) swine industry. pcv2 vaccines were introduced to the us in 2006 in response to widespread outbreaks of pcvad. these vaccines were effective in pr ...201627259831
porcine respiratory disease complex: interaction of vaccination and porcine circovirus type 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.porcine respiratory disease is a multifactorial and complex disease caused by a combination of infectious pathogens, environmental stressors, differences in production systems, and various management practices; hence the name porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) is used. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are considered to be the most important pathogens that cause prdc. although interactions among the ...201627256017
effect of sow vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on virological profiles in herds with or without pcv2 systemic disease.we investigated porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) virological profiles in herds affected (pcvad-ah, n = 5) or non-affected (pcvad-nah, n = 4) by pcv2-associated diseases (pcvad), before and after 1 y of pcv2 gilt and sow vaccination. fresh feces from the floor (5 pens/age/farm) and 5 blood samples (1/pen) were collected at 3, 9, 15, 21 wk. individual feces and blood samples were collected from 5 gilts and 15 sows. sampling was repeated 1 y after vaccination. quantitative pcr on feces, pcv2 antibo ...201627247462
the antiviral activity of arctigenin in traditional chinese medicine on porcine circovirus type 2.arctigenin (act) is a phenylpropanoid dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan extracted from the traditional herb arctium lappa l. (compositae) with anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects. here, we investigated the antiviral activity of act found in traditional chinese medicine on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in vitro and in vivo. results showed that dosing of 15.6-62.5μg/ml act could significantly inhibit the pcv2 proliferation in pk-15 cells (p<0.01). dosing of 62.5μg/ml act 0, 4 or 8h after challe ...201627234554
porcine circovirus type 2 activates cammkβ to initiate autophagy in pk-15 cells by increasing cytosolic calcium.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) induces autophagy via the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (ampk)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (tsc2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) pathway in pig kidney pk-15 cells. however, the underlying mechanisms of ampk activation in autophagy induction remain unknown. with specific inhibitors and rna interference (rnai), we show that pcv2 infection upregulated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ...201627213427
rna-seq analysis reveals genes underlying different disease responses to porcine circovirus type 2 in pigs.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), an economically important pathogen, causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and other syndrome diseases collectively known as porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). previous studies revealed breed-dependent differences in porcine susceptibility to pcv2; however, the genetic mechanism underlying different resistance to pcv2 infection remains largely unknown. in this study, we found that yorkshire × landrace (yl) pigs exhibited serious cli ...201627171165
impact of maternally derived immunity on piglets' immune response and protection against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) after vaccination against pcv2 at different age.this study was aimed at evaluating the clinical protection, the level of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) viremia and the immune response (antibodies and ifn-γ secreting cells (sc)) in piglets derived from pcv2 vaccinated sows and themselves vaccinated against pcv2 at different age, namely at 4, 6 and 8 weeks. the cohort study has been carried out over three subsequent production cycles (replicates). at the start/enrolment, 46 gilts were considered at first mating, bled and vaccinated. at the fi ...201627170186
effect of high and low levels of maternally derived antibodies on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection dynamics and production parameters in pcv2 vaccinated pigs under field conditions.the present study aimed to compare the efficacy of a porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) commercial vaccine in terms of average daily weight gain (adwg) as well as infection dynamics in pigs with different maternally derived antibody (mda) levels. a total of 337 animals from a pcv2 subclinically infected farm were distributed into two groups based on weight and pcv2 antibody levels (high [h] or low [l]) at 2 weeks of age. one week later, these animals were subdivided in four groups according to the ...201627155497
microbiome associations in pigs with the best and worst clinical outcomes following co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2).on a world-wide basis, co-infections involving porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) are common and contribute to a range of polymicrobial disease syndromes in swine. both viruses compromise host defenses, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections by primary and secondary pathogens that can affect growth performance as well as increased morbidity and mortality. an experimental population of 95 pigs was co-infected with prrsv an ...201627139023
potential safety issues and other factors that may affect the introduction and uptake of rotavirus vaccines.rotavirus vaccines have demonstrated significant impact in reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality from childhood diarrhoea in countries that have implemented routine vaccination to date. despite this success, in many countries, rotavirus vaccine coverage remains lower than that of other routine childhood vaccines. several issues may potentially affect vaccine uptake, namely safety concerns related to intussusception with consequent age restrictions on rotavirus vaccination, contamination ...201627129416
discovery and complete genome sequence of a novel circovirus-like virus in the endangered rowi kiwi, apteryx rowi.circoviruses are circular, non-enveloped, single-stranded dna viruses around 2000 nucleotides (nt) in length and include the pathogenic species, porcine circovirus 1 and beak and feather disease virus, capable of causing significant morbidity and mortality. this group of viruses may be robust to degradation by external environments, and avian circoviruses are known to move between closely related hosts. using a de novo metagenomic approach, followed by confirmatory pcr, we identify for the first ...201627115421
phylodynamic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 reveals global waves of emerging genotypes and the circulation of recombinant forms.since the first description of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), four genotypes (pcv2a, pcv2b, pcv2c and pcv2d) have been recognized and three of them have been shown to exhibit worldwide distribution. here, the population dynamics of pcv2 has been reconstructed over time and the factors that have shaped its evolution determined. the results obtained confirm that pcv2 originated approximately at the beginning of the 20th century. the most recent common ancestor of genotypes pcv2a, pcv2b, pcv2c a ...201627114187
highly sensitive enzyme-free immunosorbent assay for porcine circovirus type 2 antibody using au-pt/sio2 nanocomposites as labels.improving the performance of conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is of great importance to meet the demand of early clinical diagnosis of various diseases. herein, we report a feasible enzyme-free immunosorbent assay (efisa) system using antibody conjugated au-pt/sio2 nanocomposites (aps ncs) as labels. in this system, au-pt/sio2 nanospheres (aps nps) were first synthesized by wet chemical method and exhibited intrinsic peroxidase and catalase-like activity with excellent wate ...201627085949
complete nucleotide sequence of a subviral dna molecule of porcine circovirus type 2.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a member of the genus circovirus in the family circoviridae. most subgenomic molecules of pcv2 have been mapped. here, the first full-length sequence of a subviral molecule of pcv2 (ch-ivt12) containing a reverse complement sequence of the pcv2 genome was determined by sequencing dna extracted from pk15 cells infected with pcv2. the circular ch-ivt12 dna consists of 1136 nucleotides and contains one major open reading frame.201627084550
matrine displayed antiviral activity in porcine alveolar macrophages co-infected by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2.the co-infection of porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is quite common in clinical settings and no effective treatment to the co-infection is available. in this study, we established the porcine alveolar macrophages (pam) cells model co-infected with prrsv/pcv2 with modification in vitro, and investigated the antiviral activity of matrine on this cell model and further evaluated the effect of matrine on virus-induced tlr3,4/nf-κb/tnf-α pa ...201627080155
low prevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in farrowing sows and corresponding pre-suckling piglets in southern german pig farms.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the assumed causative agent of a number of different diseases summarized as porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd). the virus is shed via different se- and excretions of pcv2 infected pigs. transmission of the virus occurs horizontally and vertically either by oronasal or diaplacental infection. recent research emphasizes the importance of diaplacental pcv2 infection or the infection in early stages of the piglet's life attributable to excretion of pcv2 by the dam ...201627066711
prevalence and genetic variation of porcine circovirus type 2 in hebei, china from 2004 to 2014.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad), causes severe economic losses to the pig industry in china since 2002. to investigate the molecular epidemic characteristics and genetic evolution of pcv2, 12 pcv2 isolates obtained from different pig farms with various clinical symptoms of pcvad in hebei, china from 2004 to 2014 were sequenced and analyzed. the phylogenetic analysis showed that the 12 isolates were divided into two di ...201627063558
the expression level of gc1qr is down regulated at the early time of infection with porcine circovirus of type 2 (pcv-2) and gc1qr interacts differently with the cap proteins of porcine circoviruses.porcine circoviruses (pcv) are small, non-enveloped single-stranded dna-viruses. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) is the causal agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) whereas porcine circovirus of type 1 (pcv-1) is non- pathogenic. gc1qr is a membrane-located receptor of the complement protein subunit c1q and interacts with pcv capsid proteins. the mechanisms associated with the triggering of pmws are not well known and gc1qr may have a role in the life cycle and eventually ...201627063333
complete genome sequence of porcine circovirus strain yiy-3-2-h5 with a novel insertion, isolated from hunan province, china.the complete genome of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strain yiy-3-2-h5 contains a cytidine insertion at position 962 in open reading frame 1. this insertion causes a reading frameshift of the rep gene, and thereafter a premature stop codon is present at the 3' terminal end of this gene.201627034485
reproduction of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome in an animal disease model as a tool for vaccine testing under controlled conditions.snatch farrowed, colostrum deprived piglets were inoculated with different combinations of porcine circovirus 2, porcine parvovirus and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae candidate vaccines. 10 piglets were mock-vaccinated. following virus challenge with a combined porcine circovirus 2/porcine parvovirus inoculum, all animals were monitored and samples taken for serology, immunohistochemistry and qpcr. at 24 dpc all non-vaccinated animals remaining were exhibiting signs of post-weaning multi-systemic ...201627033924
the effects of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on porcine circovirus type 2 replication in vitro pk-15 cells.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhp) is a very well-known co-factor that potentially enhances pcv2 replication and thus the development of pmws. however, co-infection with mhp and pcv2 in vivo under different conditions can produce divergent clinical signs and lesions. in this study, pcv2 replication could be enhanced by subsequent co-inoculation with mhp (pcv2+mhp) in a time and dose dependen ...201627033909
the orf4 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 antagonizes apoptosis by stabilizing the concentration of ferritin heavy chain through physical interaction.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary aetiological agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease in swine. the mechanism of pcv2 pathogenesis remains largely unknown. a newly identified viral protein of pcv2, orf4, has been suggested to be involved in virus-induced apoptosis. however, there is still no information regarding the molecular mechanism by which orf4 regulates apoptosis. in this study, we reveal that a physical interaction between the pcv2 orf4 protein and ferritin heavy ch ...201627030984
capsid proteins from pcv2a genotype confer greater protection against a pcv2b strain than those from pcv2b genotype in pigs: evidence for pcv2b strains becoming more predominant than pcv2a strains from 2000 to 2010s.two major porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genotypes, pcv2a and pcv2b, are recognized. pcv2a was predominant in the global pig population until 2000 while pcv2b became predominant from 2003 onward. the aim of this study was to analyze the immune protection conferred by two pcv2a and two pcv2b capsid proteins (caps) in pigs challenged with a mutant pcv2b/yj (mpcv2b/yj) strain. pigs vaccinated with pcv2a/lg-cap and pcv2a/cl-cap elicited significantly higher levels of pcv2-specific antibodies and n ...201627020283
phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) isolates from china with high homology to pcv2c.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is an important emerging pathogen that has been causatively associated with multifactorial disease syndromes in pigs and other species. it has a worldwide distribution and causes significant economic losses in the swine industry. its genome is dynamically evolving through recombination and mutation, and the circulating genotypes of pcv2 strains in asia are pcv2a, pcv2b and pcv2d. in this study, 12 pcv isolates were evaluated and identified by amplification, seque ...201627016927
interactions of porcine circovirus 2 with its hosts.porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) can cause porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvd/pcvad), which are widely presented in swine-producing countries. since the discovery of this virus, considerable efforts have been devoted to understanding this pathogen and its interactions with its host. here, we review the current state of knowledge on interactions between host cell factors and pcv2 with respect to viral proliferation, virus-induced cell apoptosis and autophagy, ...201627016220
secreted expression of truncated capsid protein from porcine circovirus type 2 in pichia pastoris.to achieve secreted expression of the truncated capsid protein from porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pichia pastoris.201626994771
microbiological characterization of a newly established pig breed, aachen minipigs.to alleviate the shortage of human donor organs or tissues for the treatment of organ and tissue failure including diabetes, pigs are considered suitable donor animals. as organs from conventional pigs are usually too large, those from minipigs may be better suited. we recently characterized the göttingen minipigs, a breed well characterized concerning the presence of zoonotic microorganisms and found hepatitis e virus (hev) and porcine cytomegalovirus (pcmv) in some animals. here, we characteri ...201626991265
influence of porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination on the level of antimicrobial consumption on 65 austrian pig farms.the administration of antibiotics to farm animals is an important contemporary topic. veterinarians, pig producers, politicians, retailers and consumers all have a vested interest in reducing antimicrobial use on farm, while ensuring adequate health and welfare of food-producing animals. vaccination programmes may be used to reduce the overall level of clinical disease in a population, subsequently leading to a decline in antimicrobial use. in 2008, a vaccination programme against porcine circov ...201626984899
cd40 ligand and gmcsf coexpression enhance the immune responses and protective efficacy of pcv2 adenovirus vaccine.porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) capsid protein (cap) is the major structural protein that is responsible for neutralizing antibodies development and protective immunity, thus it is usually used to develop vaccines against porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). porcine cd40 ligand (cd40l) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gmcsf) have positive immunostimulatory effects on immunocytes and have been applied in vaccine efficacy improvement as attractive adjuvant cytokines, res ...201626982652
characterization of seven new polystyrene plates binding peptides from a phage-displayed random 12-peptide library.a random 12-peptide library was screened against erysipelothrix rhusiopthiae and porcine circovirus 2 recombinant cap protein and the selected peptides were used for detecting the corresponding pathogens quickly and effectively. to our surprise, seven peptides, p1 (whwnap wwngvy), p2 (fhwtwqfpytst), p3 (gamhlpwhmgtl), p4 (hwniwwqhhpsp), p5 (hffkwhtrtndq), p6 (hffrwhpsahlg) and p7 (hfaywwngvrgp) with the characteristics of polystyrene plate (ps) binding target-unrelated peptides (tups), were sele ...201626980286
generation of e. coli-derived virus-like particles of porcine circovirus type 2 and their use in an indirect igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes increased mortality and poor growth or weight loss in apparently healthy swine. therefore, methods to detect pcv2-specific antibodies in swine serum are important for prevention, diagnosis, and control of pcv2-associated diseases (pcvad). in this study, pcv2 virus-like particles (vlps) were used to develop a rapid, simple and economical indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect (with high sensitivity) pcv2-specific antibodies in swine serum. the ...201626973229
porcine circovirus type 2 protective epitope densely carried by chimeric papaya ringspot virus-like particles expressed in e. coli as a cost-effective vaccine manufacture alternative.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) still represents a major problem to the swine industry worldwide, causing high mortality rates in infected animals. virus-like particles (vlps) have gained attention for vaccine development, serving both as scaffolds for epitope expression and immune response enhancers. the commercial subunit vaccines against pcv2 consist of vlps formed by the self-assembly of pcv2 capsid protein (cp) expressed in the baculovirus vector system. in this work, a pcv2 protective epi ...201626970530
virus-like particles of porcine bocavirus generated by recombinant baculoviruses can be applied to sero-epidemic studies.porcine bocaviruses (pbovs), new members of the bocavirus genus, have been identified in swine worldwide. however, the antigenicity and epidemiology of pbovs are still unclear. here we used a recombinant baculovirus expression system to express the main capsid protein vp2 of japan strain jy31b in insect tn5 cells, and successfully produced the virus-like particles of pbov (pbov-lps). the diameter and densities of the pbov-lps were estimated to be 30nm and 1.300g/cm(3), respectively, which were s ...201626959654
diagnostic phylogenetics reveals a new porcine circovirus 2 cluster.porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) was prevalent in swine in the united states before pcv2-associated disease (pcvad) appeared in 2006. limited nucleotide sequencing of open reading frame 2 (orf2) encoding capsid, the only structural protein, revealed the presence of two genotypes, pcv2a and pcv2b. later, pcv2c and mutant pcv2b, or pcv2d, were also described. however, extensive pcv2 orf2 sequence databases in veterinary diagnostic laboratories have not been analyzed systematically to determine the gene ...201626948261
overexpression of pig selenoprotein s blocks ota-induced promotion of pcv2 replication by inhibiting oxidative stress and p38 phosphorylation in pk15 cells.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary cause of porcine circovirus disease, and ochratoxin a (ota)-induced oxidative stress promotes pcv2 replication. in humans, selenoprotein s (sels) has antioxidant ability, but it is unclear whether sels affects viral infection. here, we stably transfected pk15 cells with pig pcdna3.1-sels to overexpress sels. selenium (se) at 2 or 4 μm and sels overexpression blocked the ota-induced increases of pcv2 dna copy number and infected cell numbers. sels o ...026943035
generation and immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 chimeric virus-like particles displaying porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus gp5 epitope b.virus-like particles (vlps) can be used as transfer vehicles carrying foreign proteins or antigen epitopes to produce chimeric vlps for bivalent or multivalent vaccines. based on the crystal structure of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) capsid protein (cap), in addition to alignment of the cap sequences collected from various isolates of pcv2 and pcv1, we predicted that loop cd of the pcv2 cap should tolerate insertion of foreign epitopes, and furthermore that such an insertion could be presente ...201626930366
use of h-index and other bibliometric indicators to evaluate research productivity outcome on swine diseases.h-index is the most commonly applied tool to evaluate scientific productivity. in this study, the use of the h-index to evaluate scientific production in swine veterinary medicine was explored. a database of 137 pig infectious agents was constructed, including its taxonomic division, zoonotic potential, status as emerging pathogen and whether it was oie-listed. the h-index and the total number of citations were calculated for those pathogens, the location of the affiliation of the first author o ...201626930283
production of escherichia coli-based virus-like particle vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 challenge in piglets: structure characterization and protective efficacy validation.we report the strategies leading to the large-production of soluble non-tag full-length porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) cap protein in escherichia coli. under neutral ph condition, the purified recombinant cap protein derived from e. coli expression self-assembles into homogenous round virus-like particle at the similar size of that of the intact pcv2 virus, which is further characterized by cryo-em single particle structure determined at 4.5å. the engineered pcv2 rcap vlp was tested as a subun ...201626907669
porcine circovirus 2 deploys perk pathway and grp78 for its enhanced replication in pk-15 cells.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection induces autophagy and apoptosis. these cellular responses could be connected with endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress. it remains unknown if pcv2 induces er stress and if autophagy or apoptosis is primary to pcv2 infection or secondary responses following er stress. here, we demonstrate that pcv2 triggered unfolded protein response (upr) in pk-15 cells by activating the perk/eif2α pathway without concomitant activation of ire1 or atf6. since atf4 and chop ...201626907328
porcine circovirus type 2 activates pi3k/akt and p38 mapk pathways to promote interleukin-10 production in macrophages via cap interaction of gc1qr.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection caused pcv2-associated diseases (pcvad) is one of the major emerging immunosuppression diseases in pig industry. in this study, we investigated how pcv2 inoculation increases interleukin (il)-10 expression in porcine alveolar macrophages (pams). pcv2 inoculation significantly upregulated il-10 expression compared with pcv1. upon initial pcv2 inoculation, pi3k/akt cooperated with nf-κb pathways to promote il-10 transcription via p50, creb and ap1 transcr ...201626883107
recent vaccine technology in industrial animals.various new technologies have been applied for developing vaccines against various animal diseases. virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine technology was used for manufacturing the porcine circovirus type 2 and rna particle vaccines based on an alphavirus vector for porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped). although vlp is classified as a killed-virus vaccine, because its structure is similar to the original virus, it can induce long-term and cell-mediated immunity. the rna particle vaccine used a venezuela e ...201626866019
characterization of specific antigenic epitopes and the nuclear export signal of the porcine circovirus 2 orf3 protein.porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is the etiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. pcv2 orf3 protein is a nonstructural protein known to induce apoptosis, but little is known about the biological function of orf3 protein. therefore, we undertook this study to map orf3 protein epitopes recognized by a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and to characterize putative nuclear localization (nls) and nuclear export (nes) sequences in orf3. the linear epitopes targeted by two previou ...201626854343
porcine circovirus type 2 induces type i interferon production via myd88-ikkα-irfs signaling rather than nf-κb in porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro.type i interferon (ifn-i) plays important roles in host antiviral responses. the interferon regulatory factor (irf) and nf-κb transcription factors are thought to be important in the processes of viral secretion and triggering of interferon production. recently, studies have shown that porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) can induce ifn-i production in vivo and in vitro, but the mechanisms underlying the production of pams infected with pcv2 remains unknown. treatment of these cells with bay11-7082, ...201626850559
immunity elicited by an experimental vaccine based on recombinant flagellin-porcine circovirus type 2 cap fusion protein in piglets.in a recent study, we reported that a recombinant protein from fusion expression of flagellin to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) cap induced robust humoral and cell-mediated immunity that afforded full protection for pcv2 infection using balb/c mice. here, we further evaluated the immunogenicity and protection of the recombinant protein using specific pathogen free (spf) pigs. twenty-five 3-week-old piglets without passively acquired immunity were divided into 5 groups. all piglets except negat ...201626848967
immune response to pcv2 vaccination in prrsv viraemic piglets. 201626829964
baculovirus expression of the n-terminus of porcine heat shock protein gp96 improves the immunogenicity of recombinant pcv2 capsid protein.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. heat shock proteins (hsps) can be used as modulators to enhance both innate and adaptive immune responses. in the present study, recombinant baculoviruses expressing the pcv2cap protein and the n-terminal 22-370 amino acids of porcine gp96 (gp96n), hsp90, and hsp70 (rbac-cap/gp96n, rbac-cap/hsp90 and rbac-cap/hsp70, respectively) were constructed and the immune responses were examined in mice and ...201626826323
expression, purification and antibody preparation of pcv2 rep and orf3 proteins.rep and orf3 proteins are important functional proteins of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). here, rep and orf3 genes were cloned, expressed and used to raise polyclonal antibodies. the result showed the recombinant plasmids of rep and orf3 genes constructed in this study were expressed efficiently in the prokaryotic system, and the recombinant proteins had antigenicity and immunogenicity. furthermore, reactivity and specificity of the antiserums were characterized by western blot and indirect immuno ...201626812108
latent porcine circovirus type 2-infected domestic pigs: a potential infection model for the effective development of vaccines against latent or chronic virus induced diseases.until recently, knowledge of the pathogenicity of circoviridae and anelloviridae family members was limited. our previous discoveries provided clues toward resolving this issue based on studies of the latent nature of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genotype group members. we developed a conventional pig infection model that indicated that weaners already harbored latent pcv2 infection in the thymus, which enabled the viruses to specifically modulate the maturation of t-helper cells. this findi ...201626795369
efficient expression and purification of porcine circovirus type 2 virus-like particles in escherichia coli.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) capsid (cap) protein has been successfully used as a vaccine to control porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad). most pcv2 subunit vaccines are recombinant cap protein expressed in baculovirus/insect cell expression system, but using this eukaryotic system is laborious and expensive. in our previous study, full-length of pcv2cap protein expressed in escherichia coli formed virus-like particles (vlps). this expression system has the advantages of being relat ...201626795354
development and application of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant truncated cap protein for the diagnosis of porcine circovirus-like virus p1.porcine circovirus-like virus p1 is a newly discovered virus. to date, there has been no specific serological assay for use in the diagnosis of p1 infection.201626786046
detection of the assembly and disassembly of pcv2b virus-like particles using fluorescence spectroscopy analysis.monitoring the assembly and disassembly of virus-like particles (vlps) is important in developing effective vlp-based vaccines. we tried to establish a simple and rapid method to evaluate the status of vlp assembly using fluorescence spectroscopic analysis (fsa) while developing a vlp-based vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2b (pcv2b). we synthesized the gene coding for pcv2b capsid protein (cp). the cp was expressed in escherichia coli in a soluble form, dialyzed into three different buff ...201526783743
in silico analyses of antigenicity and surface structure variation of an emerging porcine circovirus genotype 2b mutant, prevalent in southern china from 2013 to 2015.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the pivotal pathogen causing porcine circovirus-associated diseases. in this study, 62 pcv2 isolates were identified from seven farms in southern china from 2013 to 2015 and phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on whole-genome sequences or the cap gene. in this investigation, pcv2b was the main genotype in circulation throughout these farms. furthermore, an emerging mutant (pcv2b-1c), isolated from pcv2-vaccinated farms, was the predominant strain preva ...201626758466
a new single-dose bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2 and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae elicits protective immunity and improves growth performance under field conditions.the efficacy of the new single-dose bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was evaluated under field conditions for registration as recommended by the republic of korea's animal, plant & fisheries quarantine & inspection agency. three farms were selected based on their history of co-infection with pcv2 and m. hyopneumoniae. on each farm, a total of 80 3-week-old pigs were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: (i) vaccinated (n=40) and (ii) ...201626711046
synergistic pathogenicity in sequential coinfection with mycoplasma hyorhinis and porcine circovirus type 2.to investigate the synergistic pathogenicity of mycoplasma hyorhinis (mhr) with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), thirty 35-day-old piglets were randomly distributed to six groups (n=5 each): mhr/pcv2 (group 1, inoculated with mhr and pcv2 1 week later), pcv2/mhr (group 2, inoculated with pcv2 and mhr 1 week later), mhr-pcv2 (group 3, inoculated with pcv2 and mhr concurrently), singular pcv2 group (group 4), singular mhr group (group 5), and a uninfected control group (group 6). mild transient l ...201626711038
molecular investigations on the prevalence and viral load of enteric viruses in pigs from five european countries.enteric viral infections in pigs may cause diarrhea resulting in ill-thrift and substantial economic losses. this study reports the enteric infections with porcine astrovirus type 4 (pastv4), porcine group a rotavirus (garv), porcine group c rotavirus (gcrv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine kobuvirus (pkov) in 419 pigs, comprising both healthy and diarrheic animals, from 49 farms in five european countries (austria, germany, hungary, spain and sweden). real-time rt-pcr assays were d ...201626711031
simultaneous typing of seven porcine pathogens by multiplex pcr with a gexp analyser.a novel high-throughput method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of seven porcine pathogens by multiplex pcr based on a genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyser. the pathogens included in this study were pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus (asfv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev). sev ...201626706731
function analysis of proteins encoded by orfs 1 to 8 of porcine circovirus-like virus p1 by microarray assay.porcine circovirus-like agent p1 is a newly discovered virus containing a single-strand circular genome. the genome of p1 is a dna molecule of 648 nucleotides which contains eight open reading frames (orfs) that probably encode potential proteins or polypeptides. thus it is very important to clarify these proteins' function. here we provide the methods and analysis of microarray data in detail to characterize the transcriptome profile of p1 with and without the orf. the relevant microarray data ...201526697373
genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 and implications for detection and control.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the etiological agent of post- weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws), an economically important disease of swine. severe wasting and lymphadenopathy are typical signs of pmws. effective vaccines against pcv2 and reliable diagnostic tests are available. since pcv2's discovery in the mid-90s and the introduction of commercial vaccines, several new recombinant strains and variants with genetic mutations have emerged. two noteworthy changes include; a maj ...201526679815
preliminary evidence of age-dependent clinical signs associated with porcine circovirus 2b in experimentally infected ch3/rockefeller mice.mice and rats are susceptible to porcine circovirus 2b (pcv2) infection under field and experimental conditions. however, whether pcv2 induces disease in rodents remains a matter of debate. the objectives of the present study were to determine whether pcv2-induced disease in mice is age-dependent and whether intranasally inoculated animals are able to infect animals they come into contact with. twenty-five ch3/rockefeller mice were divided into six groups and intranasally inoculated with 25μl of ...201526679798
whole-genome sequences of novel porcine circovirus type 2 viruses detected in swine from mexico and the united states.a unique porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein (orf2) sequence was detected in swine samples submitted to the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory. the complete genome sequences of four viruses, one from mexico and three from the united states, were determined to further characterize this novel pcv2 genotype.201526679573
[porcine circovirus type 2 and pcv2-systemic disease--a review].porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) can cause immunosuppression on herds. pcv2, as an essential pathogen of pcv2-systemic disease (pcv2-sd), has caused considerable economic losses in pig industry worldwide. here we review and address the evolution, viral protein and immunolesion of pcv2 and preventive techniques of pcv2-sd.201526672364
a recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against porcine deltacoronavirus.recently, porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) has been proven to be associated with enteric disease in piglets. diagnostic tools for serological surveys of pdcov remain in the developmental stage when compared with those for other porcine coronaviruses. in our study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (rpdcov-n-elisa) was developed to detect antibodies against pdcov using a histidine-tagged recombinant nucleocapsid (n) protein as an antigen. the rpdcov-n-elisa did not cross-react ...201626668175
multiplex pcr and microarray for detection of swine respiratory pathogens.porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) is one of the most important health concerns for pig producers and can involve multiple viral and bacterial pathogens. no simple, single-reaction diagnostic test currently exists for the simultaneous detection of major pathogens commonly associated with prdc. furthermore, the detection of most of the bacterial pathogens implicated in prdc currently requires time-consuming culture-based methods that can take several days to obtain results. in this study, ...201526662640
elevated plasma-soluble cd16 levels in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected pigs: correlation with adam17-mediated shedding.soluble cd16 (scd16) is closely correlated with chronic diseases in humans. here, plasma scd16 levels in pigs were increased by infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) but not with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine circovirus type 2 and pseudorabies virus. of interest, prrsv attached to blood neutrophils and reduced surface cd16 expression on neutrophils. in vitro data confirmed that prrsv caused cd16 shedding in neutrophils. further analyses revealed th ...201626653711
efficacy of a new bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2 and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (fostera™ pcv mh) under experimental conditions.the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new bivalent vaccine (fostera™ pcv mh, zoetis) of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in growing pigs under experimental conditions. a total of 80 pigs were randomly divided into 8 groups (10 pigs per group). the pigs were administered the bivalent vaccine intramuscularly as a 2.0 ml dose at 21 days of age based on the manufacturer's instructions. three weeks after vaccination, the pigs were inoculated with e ...201626626212
single-step affinity and cost-effective purification of recombinant proteins using the sepharose-binding lectin-tag from the mushroom laetiporus sulphureus as fusion partner.previous research showed that a lectin from the mushroom laetiporus sulphureus, designed lsl, bound to sepharose and could be eluted by lactose. in this study, by taking advantage of the strong affinity of lsl-tag for sepharose, we developed a single-step purification method for lsl-tagged fusion proteins. we utilized unmodified sepharose-4b as a specific adsorbent and 0.2 m lactose solution as an elution buffer. fusion proteins of lsl-tag and porcine circovirus capsid protein, designated lsl-ca ...201626616099
the adjuvant activity of epimedium polysaccharide-propolis flavone liposome on enhancing immune responses to inactivated porcine circovirus vaccine in mice.objectives. the adjuvant activity of epimedium polysaccharide-propolis flavone liposome (epl) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. methods. in vitro, the effects of epl at different concentrations on splenic lymphocytes proliferation and mrna expression of ifn-γ and il-6 were determined. in vivo, the adjuvant activities of epl, ep, and mineral oil were compared in balb/c mice through vaccination with inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine. results. in vitro, epl promoted lymphocy ...201526612996
tlr2/myd88/nf-κb signalling pathway regulates il-8 production in porcine alveolar macrophages infected with porcine circovirus 2.porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is the primary cause of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, in which it stimulates a strong il-8 response that is associated with chronic inflammation as well as lesions in the lymphoid organs. however, the mechanism underlying pcv2-induced il-8 production is still unclear. in the present study, we demonstrated that increased il-8 expression during pcv2 infection depends on toll-like receptor (tlr2), but not tlr4 or tlr9 signalling pathways in porcine alveola ...201626581603
erratum to: first molecular detection of porcine circovirus type 2 in bovids in china. 201626578152
evaluation of the use of non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1 as a vaccine delivery virus vector to express antigenic epitopes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.we previously demonstrated that the c-terminus of the capsid gene of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is an immune reactive epitope displayed on the surface of virions. insertion of foreign epitope tags in the c-terminus produced infectious virions that elicited humoral immune responses against both pcv2 capsid and the inserted epitope tags, whereas mutation in the n terminus impaired viral replication. since the non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) shares similar genomic organization ...201626555162
pd-l1 expression is increased in monocyte derived dendritic cells in response to porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infections.host immune system suppression is thought to be crucial in the development of porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvad). many immune suppressive mechanisms have been studied in cases of pcvad, however, the role of programmed death ligand-1 (pd-l1) during porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection and pcvad development has yet to be determined. pd-l1 has become an important research target because of its ability to interfere with effective t-cell activity and proliferation during the course ...201526553563
expression of pcv2 antigen in the ovarian tissues of gilts.the present study was performed to determine the expression of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) antigen in the ovarian tissue of naturally infected gilts. ovarian tissues were obtained from 11 culled gilts. the ovarian tissues sections were divided into two groups according to pcv2 dna detection using pcr. pcv2 antigen was assessed in the paraffin embedded ovarian tissue sections by immunohistochemistry. a total of 2,131 ovarian follicles (i.e., 1,437 primordial, 133 primary, 353 secondary and 2 ...201626522687
oral application of freeze-dried yeast particles expressing the pcv2b cap protein on their surface induce protection to subsequent pcv2b challenge in vivo.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is now endemic in every major pig producing country, causing pcv-associated disease (pcvad), linked with large scale economic losses. current vaccination strategies are based on the capsid protein of the virus and are reasonably successful in preventing pcvad but fail to induce sterile immunity. additionally, vaccinating whole herds is expensive and time consuming. in the present study a "proof of concept" vaccine trial was employed to test the effectiveness of p ...201526476879
improved production efficiency of virus-like particles by the baculovirus expression vector system.vaccines based on virus-like particles (vlps) have proven effective in humans and animals. in this regard, the baculovirus expression vector system (bevs) is one of the technologies of choice to generate such highly immunogenic vaccines. the extended use of these vaccines for human and animal populations is constrained because of high production costs, therefore a significant improvement in productivity is crucial to ensure their commercial viability. here we describe the use of the previously d ...201526458221
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 101 - 200 of 1591