Publications

in vitro and ex vivo activity of an azadirachta indica a.juss. seed kernel extract on early sporogonic development of plasmodium in comparison with azadirachtin a, its most abundant constituent.	neemazal(®) (na) is a quantified extract from seed kernels of neem, azadirachta indica a.juss. (meliaceae), with a wide spectrum of biological properties, classically ascribed to its limonoid content. na contains several azadirachtins (a to l), azadirachtin a (azaa) being its main constituent. azaa has been shown to inhibit microgamete formation of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei, and na was found to completely inhibit the transmission of plasmodium berghei to anopheles stephensi ...	2016	27912876
plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (n67) is a robust animal model to study malaria transmission by south american anopheline mosquitoes.	malaria is endemic in the american continent and the amazonian rainforest is the region with the highest risk of transmission. however, the lack of suitable experimental models to infect malaria vectors from the americas has limited the progress to understand the biology of transmission in this region. anopheles aquasalis, a major vector in coastal areas of south america, was found to be highly refractory to infection with two strains of plasmodium falciparum (nf54 and 7g8) and with plasmodium b ...	2016	27911924
effect of temperature and search area on the functional response of anisops sardea (hemiptera: notonectidae) against anopheles stephensi in laboratory bioassay.	present study was carried out to establish the influence of abiotic factors on foraging activities of a predatory hemipteran insect anisops sardea against anopheles stephensi larvae. the functional response of a. sardea was evaluated in variable density of prey items with variation in search area (100, 250, 500 and 1000ml water volume) and temperatures (20, 25 and 30°c). the results of laboratory bioassay revealed that prey consumption rate of predator species was positively related with increas ...	2017	27908745
population density, climate variables and poverty synergistically structure spatial risk in urban malaria in india.	the world is rapidly becoming urban with the global population living in cities projected to double by 2050. this increase in urbanization poses new challenges for the spread and control of communicable diseases such as malaria. in particular, urban environments create highly heterogeneous socio-economic and environmental conditions that can affect the transmission of vector-borne diseases dependent on human water storage and waste water management. interestingly india, as opposed to africa, har ...	2016	27906962
the rodent malaria liver stage survives in the rapamycin-induced autophagosome of infected hepa1-6 cells.	it has been reported that non-selective autophagy of infected hepatocytes could facilitate the development of malaria in the liver stage, but the fate of parasites following selective autophagy of infected hepatocytes is still not very clear. here, we confirmed that sporozoite infection can induce a selective autophagy-like process targeting eefs (exo-erythrocytic forms) in hepa1-6. rapamycin treatment greatly enhanced this process in eefs and non-selective autophagy of infected hepa1-6 cells an ...	2016	27901110
do mosquitoes transmit the avian malaria-like parasite haemoproteus? an experimental test of vector competence using mosquito saliva.	the life-cycle of many vector-borne pathogens includes an asexual replication phase in the vertebrate host and sexual reproduction in the insect vector. however, as only a small array of parasites can successfully develop infective phases inside an insect, few insect species are competent vectors for these pathogens. molecular approaches have identified the potential insect vectors of blood parasites under natural conditions. however, the effectiveness of this methodology for verifying mosquito ...	2016	27894354
diet-induced nutritional stress and pathogen interference in wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti.	the pathogen interference phenotype greatly restricts infection with dengue virus (denv) and other pathogens in wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti, and is a vital component of wolbachia-based mosquito control. critically, the phenotype's causal mechanism is complex and poorly understood, with recent evidence suggesting that the cause may be species specific. to better understand this important phenotype, we investigated the role of diet-induced nutritional stress on interference against denv and t ...	2016	27893736
demographic and clinical profiles of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax patients at a tertiary care centre in southwestern india.	malaria remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in india. though many comprehensive studies have been carried out in africa and southeast asia to characterize and examine determinants of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria pathogenesis, fewer have been conducted in india.	2016	27884146
methanolic extract of agerantum conyzoides exhibited toxicity and growth disruption activities against anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and anopheles arabiensis larvae.	vector control remains the mainstay to effective malaria management. the negative implications following persistent application of synthetic insecticides geared towards regulation of mosquito populations have necessitated prospection for ecofriendly effective chemistries. plant-derived compounds have the potential to control malaria-transmitting mosquito populations. previously, agerantum conyzoides extracts have demonstrated toxicity effects on disease-transmitting mosquitoes. however, their ef ...	2016	27876055
time series analysis of malaria in afghanistan: using arima models to predict future trends in incidence.	malaria remains endemic in afghanistan. national control and prevention strategies would be greatly enhanced through a better ability to forecast future trends in disease incidence. it is, therefore, of interest to develop a predictive tool for malaria patterns based on the current passive and affordable surveillance system in this resource-limited region.	2016	27876041
identification of genes for engineering the male germline of aedes aegypti and ceratitis capitata.	synthetic biology approaches are promising new strategies for control of pest insects that transmit disease and cause agricultural damage. these strategies require characterised modular components that can direct appropriate expression of effector sequences, with components conserved across species being particularly useful. the goal of this study was to identify genes from which new potential components could be derived for manipulation of the male germline in two major pest species, the mosqui ...	2016	27871244
variant exported blood-stage proteins encoded by plasmodium multigene families are expressed in liver stages where they are exported into the parasitophorous vacuole.	many variant proteins encoded by plasmodium-specific multigene families are exported into red blood cells (rbc). p. falciparum-specific variant proteins encoded by the var, stevor and rifin multigene families are exported onto the surface of infected red blood cells (irbc) and mediate interactions between irbc and host cells resulting in tissue sequestration and rosetting. however, the precise function of most other plasmodium multigene families encoding exported proteins is unknown. to understa ...	2016	27851824
whole-genome sequence analysis of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from the crop of a red-tailed bumble bee, bombus lapidarius.	the whole-genome sequence of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, an endosymbiotic acetic acid bacterium (aab) occurring in bumble bees, was determined to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying its metabolic capabilities. the draft genome sequence of b. intestini lmg 28161t was 2.02 mb. metabolic carbohydrate pathways were in agreement with the metabolite analyses of fermentation experiments and revealed its oxidative capacity towards sucrose, d-glucose, d-fructose and d-mannitol, but not eth ...	2016	27851750
plant virus-insect vector interactions: current and potential future research directions.	acquisition and transmission by an insect vector is central to the infection cycle of the majority of plant pathogenic viruses. plant viruses can interact with their insect host in a variety of ways including both non-persistent and circulative transmission; in some cases, the latter involves virus replication in cells of the insect host. replicating viruses can also elicit both innate and specific defense responses in the insect host. a consistent feature is that the interaction of the virus wi ...	2016	27834855
green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles conjugated clausena dentata plant leaf extract and their insecticidal potential against mosquito vectors.	mosquitoes are major vectors for the transmission of many diseases like chikungunya, malaria, dengue, zika, etc. worldwide. in the present study, selenium nanoparticles (senps) were synthesized from clausena dentata and were tested for their larvicidal efficacy against the fourth-instar larvae of anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using uv-vis spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared radiation (ftir) spectroscopy, edax ...	2016	27832715
plasmodium merozoite trap family protein is essential for vacuole membrane disruption and gamete egress from erythrocytes.	surface-associated trap (thrombospondin-related anonymous protein) family proteins are conserved across the phylum of apicomplexan parasites. trap proteins are thought to play an integral role in parasite motility and cell invasion by linking the extracellular environment with the parasite submembrane actomyosin motor. blood stage forms of the malaria parasite plasmodium express a trap family protein called merozoite-trap (mtrap) that has been implicated in erythrocyte invasion. using mtrap-defi ...	0	27832590
does fluoride influence oviposition of anopheles stephensi in stored water habitats in an urban setting?	the physico-chemical characteristics of lentic aquatic habitats greatly influence mosquito species in selecting suitable oviposition sites; immature development, pupation and adult emergence, therefore are considerations for their preferred ecological niche. correlating water quality parameters with mosquito breeding, as well as immature vector density, are useful for vector control operations in identifying and targeting potential breeding habitats.	2016	27829419
a monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay to measure the antibody response against the repeat region of the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum.	the malaria vaccine candidate rts,s/as01 (gsk vaccines) induces high igg concentration against the circumsporozoite protein (csp) of plasmodium falciparum. in human vaccine recipients circulating anti-csp antibody concentrations are associated with protection against infection but appear not to be the correlate of protection. however, in a humanized mouse model of malaria infection prophylactic administration of a human monoclonal antibody (mal1c), derived from a rts,s/as01-immunized volunteer, ...	2016	27825382
identification and characterization of micrornas expressed in the african malaria vector anopheles funestus life stages using high throughput sequencing.	over the past several years, thousands of micrornas (mirnas) have been identified in the genomes of various insects through cloning and sequencing or even by computational prediction. however, the number of mirnas identified in anopheline species is low and little is known about their role. the mosquito anopheles funestus is one of the dominant malaria vectors in africa, which infects and kills millions of people every year. therefore, small rna molecules isolated from the four life stages (eggs ...	2016	27825380
magnetic nanoparticles are highly toxic to chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum, dengue virus (den-2), and their mosquito vectors.	a main challenge in parasitology is the development of reliable tools to prevent or treat mosquito-borne diseases. we investigated the toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles (mnp) produced by magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense (strain msr-1) on chloroquine-resistant (cq-r) and sensitive (cq-s) plasmodium falciparum, dengue virus (den-2), and two of their main vectors, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti, respectively. mnp were studied by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission elect ...	2017	27815736
in silico study on anti-chikungunya virus activity of hesperetin.	the re-emerging, aedes spp. transmitted chikungunya virus (chikv) has recently caused large outbreaks in a wide geographical distribution of the world including countries in europe and america. though fatalities associated with this self-remitting disease were rarely reported, quality of patients' lives have been severely diminished by polyarthralgia recurrence. neither effective antiviral treatment nor vaccines are available for chikv. our previous in vitro screening showed that hesperetin, a b ...	2016	27812412
insecticide susceptibility of anopheles stephensi to ddt and current insecticides in an elimination area in iran.	iran has recently initiated a malaria elimination program with emphasis on vector control strategies which are heavily reliant on indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets. insecticide resistance seriously threatens the efficacy of vector control strategies. this study was conducted to determine the insecticide susceptibility of anopheles stephensi to ddt and current insecticides in jask county as an active malaria focus in southeastern iran.	2016	27809871
intra-instar larval cannibalism in anopheles gambiae (s.s.) and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae).	cannibalism has been observed in a wide range of animal taxa and its importance in persistence and stability of populations has been documented. in anopheline malaria vectors the inter-instar cannibalism between fourth- and first-instar larvae (l4-l1) has been shown in several species, while intra-instar cannibalism remains poorly investigated. in this study we tested the occurrence of intra-instar cannibalism within larvae of second-, third- and fourth-instar (l2, l3 and l4) of anopheles gambia ...	2016	27806728
neem oil and crop protection: from now to the future.	a major challenge of agriculture is to increase food production to meet the needs of the growing world population, without damaging the environment. in current agricultural practices, the control of pests is often accomplished by means of the excessive use of agrochemicals, which can result in environmental pollution and the development of resistant pests. in this context, biopesticides can offer a better alternative to synthetic pesticides, enabling safer control of pest populations. however, l ...	2016	27790224
angiotensin ii type-1 receptor (at1r) regulates expansion, differentiation, and functional capacity of antigen-specific cd8(+) t cells.	angiotensin ii (ang ii) and its receptor at1 (at1r), an important effector axis of renin-angiotensin system (ras), have been demonstrated to regulate t-cell responses. however, these studies characterized ang ii and at1r effects using pharmacological tools, which do not target only ang ii/at1r axis. the specific role of at1r expressed by antigen-specific cd8(+) t cells is unknown. then we immunized transgenic mice expressing a t-cell receptor specific for siinfekl epitope (ot-i mice) with sporoz ...	2016	27782175
evaluation of commercial agrochemicals as new tools for malaria vector control.	malaria is a vector-borne and life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female anopheles mosquitoes. the vector control insecticide market represents a small fraction of the crop protection market and is estimated to be valued at up to $500 million at the active ingredient level. insecticide resistance towards the current whopes-approved products urgently requires the development of new tools to protect communities against the trans ...	2016	27779931
identification and optimization of new leads for malaria vector control.	a significant proportion of the world's population remains at risk from malaria, and whilst great progress has been made in reducing the number of malaria cases globally through the use of vector control insecticides, these gains are under threat from the emergence of insecticide resistance. the spread of resistance in the vector populations, principally to pyrethroids, is driving the need for the development of new tools for malaria vector control. in order to identify new leads 30,000 compound ...	2016	27779927
viral metagenomics on blood-feeding arthropods as a tool for human disease surveillance.	surveillance and monitoring of viral pathogens circulating in humans and wildlife, together with the identification of emerging infectious diseases (eids), are critical for the prediction of future disease outbreaks and epidemics at an early stage. it is advisable to sample a broad range of vertebrates and invertebrates at different temporospatial levels on a regular basis to detect possible candidate viruses at their natural source. however, virus surveillance systems can be expensive, costly i ...	2016	27775568
an increase of larval rearing temperature does not affect the susceptibility of phlebotomus sergenti to leishmania tropica but effectively eliminates the gregarine psychodiella sergenti.	in mosquitoes, it has previously been shown that rearing conditions of immature stages have an effect on the vector competence of adults. here, we studied the impact of different larval rearing temperatures (27 °c versus 32 °c) on the sand fly phlebotomus sergenti parrot, 1917 and its susceptibility to two parasites: leishmania tropica wright, 1903, a dixenous trypanosomatid transmissible from sand flies to humans, and psychodiella sergenti lantova, volf & votypka, 2010, a monoxenous sand fly gr ...	2016	27756429
safety and immunogenicity of pfs25-epa/alhydrogel®, a transmission blocking vaccine against plasmodium falciparum: an open label study in malaria naïve adults.	transmission-blocking vaccines (tbvs) that target sexual stage parasite development could be an integral part of measures for malaria elimination. pfs25 is a leading tbv candidate, and previous studies conducted in animals demonstrated an improvement of its functional immunogenicity after conjugation to epa, a recombinant, detoxified exoprotein a from pseudomonas aeruginosa. in this report, we describe results of an open-label, dose-escalating phase 1 trial to assess the safety and immunogenicit ...	2016	27749907
persistent infection by wolbachia walbb has no effect on composition of the gut microbiota in adult female anopheles stephensi.	the bacteria in the midgut of anopheles stephensi adult females from laboratory colonies were studied by sequencing the v4 region of 16s rrna genes, with respect to three experimental factors: stable or cured wolbachia infection; sugar or blood diet; and age. proteobacteria and bacteroidetes dominated the community [>90% of operational taxonomic units (otus)]; most taxa were in the classes flavobacteriia, gammaproteobacteria, and alphaproteobacteria, and were assigned to elizabethkingia (46.9%), ...	2016	27708633
epidemiology and control of plasmodium vivax in afghanistan.	around half of the population of afghanistan resides in areas at risk of malaria transmission. two species of malaria (plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum) account for a high burden of disease-in 2011, there were more than 300,000 confirmed cases. around 80-95% of malaria is p. vivax transmission is seasonal and focal, below 2,000 m in altitude, and in irrigated areas which allow breeding of anopheline mosquito vectors. malaria risk is stratified to improve targeting of interventions. six ...	2016	27708189
epidemiology of plasmodium vivax malaria in india.	historically, malaria in india was predominantly caused by plasmodium vivax, accounting for 53% of the estimated cases. after the spread of drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum in the 1990s, the prevalence of the two species remained equivalent at the national level for a decade. by 2014, the proportion of p. vivax has decreased to 34% nationally, but with high regional variation. in 2014, p. vivax accounted for around 380,000 malaria cases in india; almost a sixth of all p. vivax cases reported ...	2016	27708188
epidemiology of plasmodium vivax in indonesia.	endemic malaria occurs across much of the vast indonesian archipelago. all five species of plasmodium known to naturally infect humans occur here, along with 20 species of anopheles mosquitoes confirmed as carriers of malaria. two species of plasmodia cause the overwhelming majority and virtually equal shares of malaria infections in indonesia: plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax the challenge posed by p. vivax is especially steep in indonesia because chloroquine-resistant strains predomi ...	2016	27708185
characterization of novel antimalarial compound act-451840: preclinical assessment of activity and dose-efficacy modeling.	artemisinin resistance observed in southeast asia threatens the continued use of artemisinin-based combination therapy in endemic countries. additionally, the diversity of chemical mode of action in the global portfolio of marketed antimalarials is extremely limited. addressing the urgent need for the development of new antimalarials, a chemical class of potent antimalarial compounds with a novel mode of action was recently identified. herein, the preclinical characterization of one of these com ...	2016	27701420
organization of olfactory centres in the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae.	mosquitoes are vectors for multiple infectious human diseases and use a variety of sensory cues (olfactory, temperature, humidity and visual) to locate a human host. a comprehensive understanding of the circuitry underlying sensory signalling in the mosquito brain is lacking. here we used the q-system of binary gene expression to develop transgenic lines of anopheles gambiae in which olfactory receptor neurons expressing the odorant receptor co-receptor (orco) gene are labelled with gfp. these n ...	2016	27694947
the plasmodium alveolin imc1a is stabilised by its terminal cysteine motifs and facilitates sporozoite morphogenesis and infectivity in a dose-dependent manner.	apicomplexan parasites possess a unique cortical cytoskeleton structure composed of intermediate filaments. its building blocks are provided by a conserved family of proteins named alveolins. the core alveolin structure is made up of tandem repeat sequences, thought to be responsible for the filamentous properties of these proteins. a subset of alveolins also possess conserved motifs composed of three closely spaced cysteine residues situated near the ends of the polypeptides. the roles of these ...	2016	27693349
colour cues: effects of ipomoea plant extract on culex quinquefasciatus say gravid females in choosing oviposition site.	the interaction between plants and insects is dynamic, and may favour either the plant or the insect. plant chemicals are deeply implicated in this relationship and influence insect behaviour. here, we investigated the oviposition behaviour response of culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes based on the colour cues produced by ipomoea cairica leaves extract. in this study, two sets of oviposition choice experiments were conducted: (1) single solution in a cage; and (2) multiple concentration solution ...	0	27688853
bioprotective role of yeasts.	the yeasts constitute a large group of microorganisms characterized by the ability to grow and survive in different and stressful conditions and then to colonize a wide range of environmental and human ecosystems. the competitive traits against other microorganisms have attracted increasing attention from scientists, who proposed their successful application as bioprotective agents in the agricultural, food and medical sectors. these antagonistic activities rely on the competition for nutrients, ...	2015	27682107
characterization and expression profiling of atp-binding cassette transporter genes in the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.).	atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters are one of the major transmembrane protein families found in all organisms and play important roles in transporting a variety of compounds across intra and extra cellular membranes. in some species, abc transporters may be involved in the detoxification of substances such as insecticides. the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), a destructive pest of cruciferous crops worldwide, is an important species to study as it is resistant to many types of in ...	2016	27678067
salivary gland proteome during adult development and after blood feeding of female anopheles dissidens mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae).	understanding changes in mosquito salivary proteins during the time that sporozoite maturation occurs and after blood feeding may give information regarding the roles of salivary proteins during the malarial transmission. anopheles dissidens (formerly anopheles barbirostris species a1) is a potential vector of plasmodium vivax in thailand. in this study, analyses of the proteomic profiles of female an. dissidens salivary glands during adult development and after blood feeding were carried out us ...	2016	27669021
plasmodium vivax msp-3α polymorphisms: analysis in the indian subcontinent.	plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human malaria parasite and accounts for approximately the same number of malaria cases as plasmodium falciparum in india. compared with p. falciparum, p. vivax is difficult to eradicate because of its tendency to cause relapses, which impacts treatment and control strategies. the genetic diversity of these parasites, particularly of the merozoite surface protein-3 alpha (msp-3α) gene, can be used to help develop a potential vaccine. the present stu ...	2016	27663527
guy1 confers complete female lethality and is a strong candidate for a male-determining factor in anopheles stephensi.	despite their importance in sexual differentiation and reproduction, y chromosome genes are rarely described because they reside in repeat-rich regions that are difficult to study. here, we show that guy1, a unique y chromosome gene of a major urban malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi, confers 100% female lethality when placed on the autosomes. we show that the small guy1 protein (56 amino acids in length) causes female lethality and that males carrying the transgene are reproductively more com ...	2016	27644420
genetic characterization of plasmodium putative pantothenate kinase genes reveals their essential role in malaria parasite transmission to the mosquito.	the metabolic machinery for the biosynthesis of coenzyme a (coa) from exogenous pantothenic acid (vitamin b5) has long been considered as an excellent target for the development of selective antimicrobials. earlier studies in the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum have shown that pantothenate analogs interfere with pantothenate phosphorylation and block asexual blood stage development. although two eukaryotic-type putative pantothenate kinase genes (pank1 and pank2) have been identifie ...	2016	27644319
identification of immunity-related genes in dialeurodes citri against entomopathogenic fungus lecanicillium attenuatum by rna-seq analysis.	dialeurodes citri is a major pest in citrus producing areas, and large-scale outbreaks have occurred increasingly often in recent years. lecanicillium attenuatum is an important entomopathogenic fungus that can parasitize and kill d. citri. we separated the fungus from corpses of d. citri larvae. however, the sound immune defense system of pests makes infection by an entomopathogenic fungus difficult. here we used rna sequencing technology (rna-seq) to build a transcriptome database for d. citri ...	2016	27644092
cedrol, a malaria mosquito oviposition attractant is produced by fungi isolated from rhizomes of the grass cyperus rotundus.	cedrol, a sesquiterpene alcohol, is the first identified oviposition attractant for african malaria vectors. finding the natural source of this compound might help to elucidate why anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis prefer to lay eggs in habitats containing it. previous studies suggest that cedrol may be a fungal metabolite and the essential oil of grass rhizomes have been described to contain a high amount of different sesquiterpenes.	2016	27639972
silencing of anopheles stephensi heme peroxidase hpx15 activates diverse immune pathways to regulate the growth of midgut bacteria.	anopheles mosquito midgut harbors a diverse group of endogenous bacteria that grow extensively after the blood feeding and help in food digestion and nutrition in many ways. although, the growth of endogenous bacteria is regulated by various factors, however, the robust antibacterial immune reactions are generally suppressed in this body compartment by a heme peroxidase hpx15 crosslinked mucins barrier. this barrier is formed on the luminal side of the midgut and blocks the direct interactions a ...	2016	27630620
artemisia absinthium-borne compounds as novel larvicides: effectiveness against six mosquito vectors and acute toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms.	the eco-friendly control of mosquito vectors is a crucial challenge of public health importance. here we evaluated the larvicidal potential of artemisia absinthium essential oil (eo) and its three major chemical constituents against six mosquito vectors: anopheles stephensi, anopheles subpictus, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex tritaeniorhynchus. the eo was obtained by leaf hydro-distillation. its chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass s ...	2016	27630101
an inter-laboratory comparison of standard membrane-feeding assays for evaluation of malaria transmission-blocking vaccines.	an effective malaria transmission-blocking vaccine may play an important role in malaria elimination efforts, and a robust biological assay is essential for its development. the standard membrane-feeding assay (smfa) for plasmodium falciparum infection of mosquitoes is considered a "gold standard" assay to measure transmission-blocking activity of test antibodies, and has been utilized widely in both non-clinical and clinical studies. while several studies have discussed the inherent variability ...	2016	27612458
single-step biological fabrication of colloidal silver nanoparticles using hugonia mystax: larvicidal potential against zika virus, dengue, and malaria vector mosquitoes.	mosquito control is facing key challenges, including outbreaks of new arbovirus threats. we proposed an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) employing a low-cost extract of hugonia mystax. agnps were specified by uv, xrd, ftir and edx spectroscopy, sem and tem. agnps were more toxic to anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus larvae (lc50: 14.45, 15.86, and 17.46 μg/ml) if compared to aquatic biocontrol organisms gambusia affinis, diplonychus indicus, and ...	2016	27611658
recent advances in malaria genomics and epigenomics.	malaria continues to impose a significant disease burden on low- and middle-income countries in the tropics. however, revolutionary progress over the last 3 years in nucleic acid sequencing, reverse genetics, and post-genome analyses has generated step changes in our understanding of malaria parasite (plasmodium spp.) biology and its interactions with its host and vector. driven by the availability of vast amounts of genome sequence data from plasmodium species strains, relevant human population ...	2016	27605022
acute toxicity and repellent activity of the origanum scabrum boiss. & heldr. (lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms.	the recent outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus highlighted the pivotal importance of mosquito vector control in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. however, mosquito control is facing hot challenges, mainly due to the rapid development of pesticide resistance in culicidae and the limited success of biocontrol programs on aedes mosquitoes. in this framework, screening botanicals for their mosquitocidal potential may offer effective and eco-friendly tools in the fight against mo ...	2016	27604128
inhibition of malaria infection in transgenic anopheline mosquitoes lacking salivary gland cells.	malaria is an important global public health challenge, and is transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes during blood feeding. mosquito vector control is one of the most effective methods to control malaria, and population replacement with genetically engineered mosquitoes to block its transmission is expected to become a new vector control strategy. the salivary glands are an effective target tissue for the expression of molecules that kill or inactivate malaria parasites. moreover, salivary gland c ...	2016	27598328
plasmodium cynomolgi infections in rhesus macaques display clinical and parasitological features pertinent to modelling vivax malaria pathology and relapse infections.	plasmodium vivax infections in humans or in new world monkeys pose research challenges that necessitate the use of alternative model systems. plasmodium cynomolgi is a closely related species that shares genetic and biological characteristics with p. vivax, including relapses. here, the haematological dynamics and clinical presentation of sporozoite-initiated p. cynomolgi infections in macaca mulatta (rhesus macaques) are evaluated over a 100-day period.	2016	27590312
effects of environment, dietary regime and ageing on the dengue vector microbiota: evidence of a core microbiota throughout aedes aegypti lifespan.	mosquito midgut microbiota is a key component of vector competence, as gut bacteria can disturb pathogen development. in this study, we addressed the microbiota composition of aedes aegypti during its lifespan, under field conditions. we also investigated the possible effects of environment, dietary regime and ageing on the gut community composition. we employed culture independent and dependent approaches to characterise vector microbiota. there was evidence of a lifelong stable core microbiota ...	2016	27580348
anopheline species and their plasmodium infection status in aligarh, india.	malaria is a global issue and india contributes substantially to global malaria incidence. information related to malaria vectors is very limited in aligarh. the environmental and climatological situations permit the continual breeding of vectors in permanent breeding sites. this study was designed with the aim to screen all the anophelines species and possible malaria vectors in three different localities of aligarh. anopheles mosquitoes were collected from three different localities (fort, jal ...	2015	27579016
2-cys peroxiredoxin is required in successful blood-feeding, reproduction, and antioxidant response in the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis.	ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods that feed on vertebrate blood that contains iron. ticks also concentrate host blood with iron; this concentration of the blood leads to high levels of iron in ticks. the host-derived iron reacts with oxygen in the tick body and this may generate high levels of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). high levels of h2o2 cause oxidative stress in organisms and therefore, antioxidant responses are necessary to regulate h2o2. here, we ...	2016	27542835
seminal fluid protein genes of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens.	seminal fluid proteins (sfps) are produced mainly in the accessory gland of male insects and transferred to females during mating, in which they induce numerous physiological and post-mating behavioral changes. the brown plant hopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens, is an economically important hemipterous pest of rice. the behavior and physiology of the female of this species is significantly altered by mating. sfps in hemipteran species are still unclear.	2016	27538518
phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated pfmap2 are localized in the nucleus, dependent on the stage of plasmodium falciparum asexual maturation.	plasmodium falciparum mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases, a family of enzymes central to signal transduction processes including inflammatory responses, are a promising target for antimalarial drug development. our study shows for the first time that the p. falciparum specific map kinase 2 (pfmap2) is colocalized in the nucleus of all of the asexual erythrocytic stages of p. falciparum and is particularly elevated in its phosphorylated form. it was also discovered that pfmap2 is expressed i ...	2016	27525262
assessment of pfs25 expressed from multiple soluble expression platforms for use as transmission-blocking vaccine candidates.	transmission-blocking vaccines (tbvs) have become a focus of strategies to control and eventually eliminate malaria as they target the entry of sexual stage into the anopheles stephensi mosquito thereby preventing transmission, an essential component of the parasite life cycle. such vaccines are envisioned as complements to vaccines that target human infection, such as rts,s as well as drug treatment, and vector control strategies. a number of conserved proteins, including pfs25, have been ident ...	2016	27515826
transcriptomic evidence for modulation of host inflammatory responses during febrile plasmodium falciparum malaria.	identifying molecular predictors and mechanisms of malaria disease is important for understanding how plasmodium falciparum malaria is controlled. transcriptomic studies in humans have so far been limited to retrospective analysis of blood samples from clinical cases. in this prospective, proof-of-principle study, we compared whole-blood rna-seq profiles at pre-and post-infection time points from malian adults who were either asymptomatic (n = 5) or febrile (n = 3) during their first seasonal pc ...	2016	27506615
human cd8+ t cells mediate protective immunity induced by a human malaria vaccine in human immune system mice.	a number of studies have shown that cd8+ t cells mediate protective anti-malaria immunity in a mouse model. however, whether human cd8+ t cells play a role in protection against malaria remains unknown. we recently established human immune system (his) mice harboring functional human cd8+ t cells (his-cd8 mice) by transduction with hla-a∗0201 and certain human cytokines using recombinant adeno-associated virus-based gene transfer technologies. these his-cd8 mice mount a potent, antigen-specific ...	2016	27502569
effects of transmission-blocking vaccines simultaneously targeting pre- and post-fertilization antigens in the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium yoelii.	transmission-blocking vaccine (tbv) is a promising strategy for interrupting the malaria transmission cycle. current tbv candidates include both pre- and post-fertilization antigens expressed during sexual development of the malaria parasites.	2016	27502144
two insulin-like peptides differentially regulate malaria parasite infection in the mosquito through effects on intermediary metabolism.	insulin-like peptides (ilps) play important roles in growth and metabolic homeostasis, but have also emerged as key regulators of stress responses and immunity in a variety of vertebrates and invertebrates. furthermore, a growing literature suggests that insulin signaling-dependent metabolic provisioning can influence host responses to infection and affect infection outcomes. in line with these studies, we previously showed that knockdown of either of two closely related, infection-induced ilps, ...	2016	27496548
diagnosis and treatment based on quantitative pcr after controlled human malaria infection.	controlled human malaria infection (chmi) has become well-established in the evaluation of drugs and vaccines. anti-malarial treatment is usually initiated when thick blood smears are positive by microscopy. this study explores the effects of using the more sensitive qpcr as the primary diagnostic test.	2016	27495296
prevalence of plasmodium falciparum transmission reducing immunity among primary school children in a malaria moderate transmission region in zimbabwe.	malaria continues to cause alarming morbidity and mortality in more than 100 countries worldwide. antigens in the various life cycle stages of malaria parasites are presented to the immune system during natural infection and it is widely recognized that after repeated malaria exposure, adults develop partially protective immunity. specific antigens of natural immunity represent among the most important targets for the development of malaria vaccines. immunity against the transmission stages of t ...	2016	27491342
one-pot biogenic fabrication of silver nanocrystals using quisqualis indica: effectiveness on malaria and zika virus mosquito vectors, and impact on non-target aquatic organisms.	currently, mosquito vector control is facing a number of key challenges, including the rapid development of resistance to synthetic pesticides and the recent spread of aggressive arbovirus outbreaks. the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) is currently considered an environmental friendly alternative to the employ of pyrethroids, carbamates and microbial agents (e.g. bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis), since agnps are easy to produce, effective and stable in the aquatic environmen ...	2016	27491031
a crispr-cas9 sex-ratio distortion system for genetic control.	genetic control aims to reduce the ability of insect pest populations to cause harm via the release of modified insects. one strategy is to bias the reproductive sex ratio towards males so that a population decreases in size or is eliminated altogether due to a lack of females. we have shown previously that sex ratio distortion can be generated synthetically in the main human malaria vector anopheles gambiae, by selectively destroying the x-chromosome during spermatogenesis, through the activity ...	2016	27484623
one-pot fabrication of silver nanocrystals using nicandra physalodes: a novel route for mosquito vector control with moderate toxicity on non-target water bugs.	mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) as vectors for important diseases and parasites causing millions of deaths every year. the use of synthetic pesticides against culicidae leads to resistance and environmental concerns. therefore, eco-friendly control tools are a priority. in this research, nicandra physalodes-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (ag nps) was conducted, in order to control larval populations of three important mosquito vectors, anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex qui ...	2016	27473981
advances and perspectives in the application of crispr/cas9 in insects.	insects compose more than half of all living organisms on earth, playing essential roles in global ecosystems and forming complex relationships with humans. insect research has significant biological and practical importance. however, the application of genetic manipulation technology has long been restricted to several model insects only, such as gene knockout in drosophila, which has severely restrained the development of insect biology research. recently, with the increase in the release of i ...	0	27469253
heterologous infection of pregnant mice induces low birth weight and modifies offspring susceptibility to malaria.	pregnancy malaria (pm) is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, and can arise due to relapse, recrudescence or a re-infection with heterologous parasites. we have used the plasmodium chabaudi model of pregnancy malaria in c57bl/6 mice to examine recrudescence and heterologous infection using cb and as parasite strains. after an initial course of patent parasitemia and first recrudescence, cb but not as parasites were observed to recrudesce again in most animals that became pregnant. pregnancy ...	2016	27467392
the use of mosquito repellents at three sites in india with declining malaria transmission: surveys in the community and clinic.	repellents such as coils, vaporizers, mats and creams can be used to reduce the risk of malaria and other infectious diseases. although evidence for their effectiveness is limited, they are advertised as providing an additional approach to mosquito control in combination with other strategies, e.g. insecticide-treated nets. we examined the use of repellents in india in an urban setting in chennai (mainly plasmodium vivax malaria), a peri-urban setting in nadiad (both p. vivax and p. falciparum m ...	2016	27465199
mosquito bite immunization with radiation-attenuated plasmodium falciparum sporozoites: safety, tolerability, protective efficacy and humoral immunogenicity.	in this phase 1 clinical trial, healthy adult, malaria-naïve subjects were immunized with radiation-attenuated plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (pfras) by mosquito bite and then underwent controlled human malaria infection (chmi). the pfras model for immunization against malaria had previously induced >90 % sterile protection against homologous chmi. this study was to further explore the safety, tolerability and protective efficacy of the pfras model and to provide biological specimens to chara ...	2016	27448805
dynamics of gamete production and mating in the parasitic protist trypanosoma brucei.	sexual reproduction in plasmodium falciparum and trypanosoma brucei occurs in the insect vector and is important in generating hybrid strains with different combinations of parental characteristics. production of hybrid parasite genotypes depends on the likelihood of co-infection of the vector with multiple strains. in mosquitoes, existing infection with plasmodium facilitates the establishment of a second infection, although the asynchronicity of gamete production subsequently prevents mating. ...	2016	27439767
an experimental hut evaluation of olyset plus, a long-lasting insecticidal net treated with a mixture of permethrin and piperonyl butoxide, against anopheles fluviatilis in odisha state, india.	fast development of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors prompted the development of new vector control tools including combination of insecticides with different modes of action as part of resistance management strategies. olyset plus® is a new long-lasting insecticidal net, in which, permethrin and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide (pbo), are incorporated into filaments. mixture nets such as this may have application against resistant mosquitoes, particularly those whose resistance is based ...	2016	27439398
identification of novel pre-erythrocytic malaria antigen candidates for combination vaccines with circumsporozoite protein.	malaria vaccine development has been hampered by the limited availability of antigens identified through conventional discovery approaches, and improvements are needed to enhance the efficacy of the leading vaccine candidate rts,s that targets the circumsporozoite protein (csp) of the infective sporozoite. here we report a transcriptome-based approach to identify novel pre-erythrocytic vaccine antigens that could potentially be used in combination with csp. we hypothesized that stage-specific up ...	2016	27434123
protection against malaria in mice is induced by blood stage-arresting histamine-releasing factor (hrf)-deficient parasites.	although most vaccines against blood stage malaria in development today use subunit preparations, live attenuated parasites confer significantly broader and more lasting protection. in recent years, plasmodium genetically attenuated parasites (gaps) have been generated in rodent models that cause self-resolving blood stage infections and induce strong protection. all such gaps generated so far bear mutations in housekeeping genes important for parasite development in red blood cells. in this stu ...	2016	27432939
a putative small solute transporter is responsible for the secretion of g377 and trap-containing secretory vesicles during plasmodium gamete egress and sporozoite motility.	regulated protein secretion is required for malaria parasite life cycle progression and transmission between the mammalian host and mosquito vector. during transmission from the host to the vector, exocytosis of highly specialised secretory vesicles, such as osmiophilic bodies, is key to the dissolution of the red blood cell and parasitophorous vacuole membranes enabling gamete egress. the positioning of adhesins from the trap family, from micronemes to the sporozoite surface, is essential for g ...	2016	27427910
differential effects of azithromycin, doxycycline, and cotrimoxazole in ingested blood on the vectorial capacity of malaria mosquitoes.	background. the gut microbiota of malaria vector mosquitoes grows after a blood meal and limits plasmodium infection. we previously showed that penicillin and streptomycin in the ingested blood affect bacterial growth and positively impact mosquito survival and permissiveness to plasmodium. in this study, we examine the effects of doxycycline, azithromycin, and co-trimoxazole. all 3 antibiotics are used in mass drug administration programs and have antimicrobial activities against bacteria and ...	2016	27419152
tyrosine hydroxylase is crucial for maintaining pupal tanning and immunity in anopheles sinensis.	tyrosine hydroxylase (th), the initial enzyme in the melanin pathway, catalyzes tyrosine conversion into dopa. although expression and regulation of th have been shown to affect cuticle pigmentation in insects, no direct functional studies to date have focused on the specific physiological processes involving the enzyme during mosquito development. in the current study, silencing of asth during the time period of continuous high expression in anopheles sinensis pupae led to significant impairmen ...	2016	27416870
larval food quantity affects the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit human malaria.	adult traits of holometabolous insects are shaped by conditions experienced during larval development, which might impact interactions between adult insect hosts and parasites. however, the ecology of larval insects that vector disease remains poorly understood. here, we used anopheles stephensi mosquitoes and the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, to investigate whether larval conditions affect the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit malaria. we reared larvae in two groups; one ...	0	27412284
laser system for identification, tracking, and control of flying insects.	flying insects are common vectors for transmission of pathogens and inflict significant harm to humans and agricultural production in many parts of the world. we present proof of principle for an optical system capable of highly specific vector control. this system utilizes a combination of optical sources, detectors, and sophisticated software to search, detect, and identify flying insects in real-time, with the capability of eradication using a lethal laser pulse. we present data on two insect ...	2016	27410106
molecular diversity between salivary proteins from new world and old world sand flies with emphasis on bichromomyia olmeca, the sand fly vector of leishmania mexicana in mesoamerica.	sand fly saliva has been shown to have proteins with potent biological activities, salivary proteins that can be used as biomarkers of vector exposure, and salivary proteins that are candidate vaccines against different forms of leishmaniasis. sand fly salivary gland transcriptomic approach has contributed significantly to the identification and characterization of many of these salivary proteins from important leishmania vectors; however, sand fly vectors in some regions of the world are still ...	2016	27409591
the actin filament-binding protein coronin regulates motility in plasmodium sporozoites.	parasites causing malaria need to migrate in order to penetrate tissue barriers and enter host cells. here we show that the actin filament-binding protein coronin regulates gliding motility in plasmodium berghei sporozoites, the highly motile forms of a rodent malaria-causing parasite transmitted by mosquitoes. parasites lacking coronin show motility defects that impair colonization of the mosquito salivary glands but not migration in the skin, yet result in decreased transmission efficiency. in ...	2016	27409081
vector databank in the indian armed forces.	medical intelligence of disease vectors deals with understanding vector distribution and control.	2011	27408077
global epidemiology of plasmodium vivax.	plasmodium vivax is the most widespread human malaria, putting 2.5 billion people at risk of infection. its unique biological and epidemiological characteristics pose challenges to control strategies that have been principally targeted against plasmodium falciparum unlike p. falciparum, p. vivax infections have typically low blood-stage parasitemia with gametocytes emerging before illness manifests, and dormant liver stages causing relapses. these traits affect both its geographic distribution a ...	2016	27402513
mosquitocidal effect of glycosmis pentaphylla leaf extracts against three mosquito species (diptera: culicidae).	the resistance status of malaria vectors to different classes of insecticides used for public health has raised concern for vector control programmes. alternative compounds to supplement the existing tools are important to be searched to overcome the existing resistance and persistence of pesticides in vectors and the environment respectively. the mosquitocidal effects of glycosmis pentaphylla using different solvents of acetone, methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts against three medi ...	2016	27391146
biodiversity and activity of the gut microbiota across the life history of the insect herbivore spodoptera littoralis.	microbes that live inside insects play critical roles in host nutrition, physiology, and behavior. although lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are one of the most diverse insect taxa, their microbial symbionts are little-studied, particularly during metamorphosis. here, using ribosomal tag pyrosequencing of dna and rna, we investigated biodiversity and activity of gut microbiotas across the holometabolous life cycle of spodoptera littoralis, a notorious agricultural pest worldwide. proteobacter ...	2016	27389097
plasmodium adometdc/odc bifunctional enzyme is essential for male sexual stage development and mosquito transmission.	polyamines are positively-charged organic molecules that are important for cellular growth and division. polyamines and their synthesizing enzymes are particularly abundant in rapidly proliferating eukaryotic cells such as parasitic protozoa and cancer cells. polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors, such as elfornithine, are now being considered for cancer prevention and have been used effectively against trypanosoma brucei inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis have caused growth arrest of plasmodium f ...	2016	27387533
colonization of the intestinal tract of the polyphagous pest spodoptera littoralis with the gfp-tagged indigenous gut bacterium enterococcus mundtii.	the alkaline gut of lepidopterans plays a crucial role in shaping communities of bacteria. enterococcus mundtii has emerged as one of the predominant gut microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of the major agricultural pest, spodoptera littoralis. therefore, it was selected as a model bacterium to study its adaptation to harsh alkaline gut conditions in its host insect throughout different stages of development (larvae, pupae, adults, and eggs). to date, the mechanism of bacterial survival ...	2016	27379058
susceptibility status of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) commonly used as biological materials for evaluations of malaria vector control tools in madagascar.	madagascar is a malaria-endemic country with an increase in cases in recent years. in vector control using insecticide, a susceptible strain is necessary to evaluate insecticide efficacy, either for spraying or on nets. the susceptibility of anopheles arabiensis from antananarivo, madagascar to two organophosphate, three pyrethroid, two carbamate, and one organochlorine insecticides was investigated. since 2010, an. arabiensis strain has been maintained away from insecticide source during 110 ge ...	2016	27364163
assessment of angelica sinensis (oliv.) diels as a repellent for personal protection against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions in northern thailand.	angelica sinensis (oliv.) hexane extract (ahe) has been reported as a proven and impressive repellent against laboratory-reared female aedes aegypti mosquitoes. with the aim of promoting products of plant origin as a viable alternative to conventional synthetic substances, this study was designed to transform ahe-based repellents for exploitable commercial production by enhancing their efficacy and assessing their physical and biological stability as well as repellency against mosquitoes under l ...	2016	27357395
ethnopharmacological significance of eclipta alba (l.) hassk. (asteraceae).	eclipta alba can be found growing wild in fallow lands of bangladesh where it is considered as a weed by farmers. traditional medicinal systems of the indian subcontinent countries as well as tribal practitioners consider the plant to have diverse medicinal values and use it commonly for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory tract disorders (including asthma), fever, hair loss and graying of hair, liver disorders (including jaundice), skin disorders, spleen enlargement, and cuts a ...	2014	27355071
overexpression of plasmodium berghei atg8 by liver forms leads to cumulative defects in organelle dynamics and to generation of noninfectious merozoites.	plasmodium parasites undergo continuous cellular renovation to adapt to various environments in the vertebrate host and insect vector. in hepatocytes, plasmodium berghei discards unneeded organelles for replication, such as micronemes involved in invasion. concomitantly, intrahepatic parasites expand organelles such as the apicoplast that produce essential metabolites. we previously showed that the atg8 conjugation system is upregulated in p. berghei liver forms and that p. berghei atg8 (pbatg8) ...	2016	27353755
evolution of the transmission-blocking vaccine candidates pvs28 and pvs25 in plasmodium vivax: geographic differentiation and evidence of positive selection.	transmission-blocking (tb) vaccines are considered an important tool for malaria control and elimination. among all the antigens characterized as tb vaccines against plasmodium vivax, the ookinete surface proteins pvs28 and pvs25 are leading candidates. these proteins likely originated by a gene duplication event that took place before the radiation of the known plasmodium species to primates. we report an evolutionary genetic analysis of a worldwide sample of pvs28 and pvs25 alleles. our result ...	2016	27347876
fabrication of nano-mosquitocides using chitosan from crab shells: impact on non-target organisms in the aquatic environment.	mosquitoes are arthropods of huge medical and veterinary relevance, since they vector pathogens and parasites of public health importance, including malaria, dengue and zika virus. currently, nanotechnology is considered a potential eco-friendly approach in mosquito control research. we proposed a novel method of biofabrication of silver nanoparticles (agnp) using chitosan (ch) from crab shells. ch-agnp nanocomposite was characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy, ftir, sem, edx and xrd. ch-agnp were ...	2016	27344400
sas6-like protein in plasmodium indicates that conoid-associated apical complex proteins persist in invasive stages within the mosquito vector.	the sas6-like (sas6l) protein, a truncated paralogue of the ubiquitous basal body/centriole protein sas6, has been characterised recently as a flagellum protein in trypanosomatids, but associated with the conoid in apicomplexan toxoplasma. the conoid has been suggested to derive from flagella parts, but is thought to have been lost from some apicomplexans including the malaria-causing genus plasmodium. presence of sas6l in plasmodium, therefore, suggested a possible role in flagella assembly in ...	2016	27339728
de novo transcriptome analysis of the common new zealand stick insect clitarchus hookeri (phasmatodea) reveals genes involved in olfaction, digestion and sexual reproduction.	phasmatodea, more commonly known as stick insects, have been poorly studied at the molecular level for several key traits, such as components of the sensory system and regulators of reproduction and development, impeding a deeper understanding of their functional biology. here, we employ de novo transcriptome analysis to identify genes with primary functions related to female odour reception, digestion, and male sexual traits in the new zealand common stick insect clitarchus hookeri (white). the ...	2016	27336743
systematic tracking of altered haematopoiesis during sporozoite-mediated malaria development reveals multiple response points.	haematopoiesis is the complex developmental process that maintains the turnover of all blood cell lineages. it critically depends on the correct functioning of rare, quiescent haematopoietic stem cells (hscs) and more numerous, hsc-derived, highly proliferative and differentiating haematopoietic progenitor cells (hpcs). infection is known to affect hscs, with severe and chronic inflammatory stimuli leading to stem cell pool depletion, while acute, non-lethal infections exert transient and even p ...	0	27335321
structural characterization and evaluation of mosquito-larvicidal property of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the seaweed, turbinaria ornata (turner) j. agardh 1848.	the silver nanoparticles synthesized from turbinaria ornata (to-agnps) showed spherical with crystalline nature (20-32 nm) was evaluated against fourth instar larvae of three mosquitoes. the maximum activity of to-agnps was recorded on aedes aegypti followed by anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus with the following lethal concentration values (μg/ml): lc50 of 0.738, 1.134, and 1.494; and lc90 of 3.342, 17.982, and 22.475, respectively. the obtained respective values (μg/ml) vis-a-vis ...	2016	27327539