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a novel lawsonia intracellularis autotransporter protein is a prominent antigen.investigation of antigenic determinants of the microaerophilic obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis using a mass spectrometry approach identified a novel bacterial protein present in an extract of cell culture medium aspirated from heavily infected in vitro cell cultures. western immunoblotting analysis of sds-page-resolved proteins using immune sera pooled from l. intracellularis-infected pigs revealed the presence of a strongly immunoreactive band of ôê+72 kda. liquid chro ...201121697340
antimicrobial susceptibility testing of two lawsonia intracellularis isolates associated with proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy and porcine intestinal adenomatosis in south korea.this study represents the first published data on antimicrobial susceptibility of asian isolates of lawsonia intracellularis. we assessed mics of 16 antimicrobials for two isolates of l. intracellularis recovered from diseased pigs in south korea, one from a finisher pig with acute proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy in 2002 and the other from a grower pig with porcine intestinal adenomatosis in 2010. tylosin and tilmicosin were found to be the most active against l. intracellularis both intra ...201121690283
lawsonia intracellularis-specific interferon +¦ gene expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vaccinated and naturally infected foals.the cell-mediated immune response to lawsonia intracellularis, the agent of equine proliferative enteropathy (epe), was investigated in vaccinated and naturally infected foals. interferon (ifn)-+¦ gene expression was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from vaccinated (n=6) and control foals (n=6) every 30days for 180days following first vaccine administration, and from clinically affected foals (n=16) within 7-10days of diagnosing epe. seroconversion (immunoperoxidase mon ...201121689957
serial use of serologic assays and fecal pcr assays to aid in identification of subclinical lawsonia intracellularis infection for targeted treatment of thoroughbred foals and weanlings.objective-to assess the serial use of serum immunoperoxidase monolayer assays (ipmas) and fecal pcr assays, combined with other diagnostic methods, to identify subclinical lawsonia intracellularis infections for targeted treatment of thoroughbred foals and weanlings at farms in which the pathogen was endemic or nonendemic. design-evaluation study. animals-100 foals and weanlings (53 and 47 at farms in which l intracellularis was endemic and nonendemic, respectively). procedures-serum was collect ...201121627513
the use of quantitative pcr for identification and quantification of brachyspira pilosicoli, lawsonia intracellularis and escherichia coli fimbrial types f4 and f18 in pig feces.four quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays were evaluated for quantitative detection of brachyspira pilosicoli, lawsonia intracellularis, and e. coli fimbrial types f4 and f18 in pig feces. standard curves were based on feces spiked with the respective reference strains. the detection limits from the spiking experiments were 10(2) bacteria/g feces for bpilo-qpcr and laws-qpcr, 10(3)cfu/g feces for f4-qpcr and f18-qpcr. the pcr efficiency for all four qpcr assays was between 0.91 and 1.01 with r(2) abov ...201121530108
the seroprevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in horses in the netherlands.equine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis is an emerging disease of weanling foals and affects their growth and development. the prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in the netherlands is not known. the aim of the study was to investigate the seroprevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in horses in the netherlands. blood samples were taken from healthy foals before and after weaning and from healthy yearlings and mature horses on farms throughout the netherlands. these ...201121528618
evaluation of a blocking elisa for the detection of antibodies against lawsonia intracellularis in pig sera.lawsonia intracellularis is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea and poor performance in young growing pigs. diagnosis of this obligate intracellular bacterium is based on the demonstration of the microbe or microbial dna in tissue specimens or faecal samples, or the demonstration of l. intracellularis-specific antibodies in sera. the aim of the present study was to evaluate a blocking elisa in the detection of serum antibodies to l. intracellularis, by comparison to the previously widely used im ...201121453555
colonisation and shedding of lawsonia intracellularis in experimentally inoculated rodents and in wild rodents on pig farms.lawsonia intracellularis is an intracellular bacterium causing proliferative enteropathy in various animal species, and is considered an economically important pathogen of pigs. rats and mice have been implicated as external vectors for a wide range of pig pathogens, including l. intracellularis. previous studies have demonstrated l. intracellularis infection and proliferative enteropathy in rodents, but did not show the duration of shedding or the number of l. intracellularis shed by infected r ...201121349664
experimental reproduction of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated enteritis in pigs infected with pcv2 alone or concurrently with lawsonia intracellularis or salmonella typhimurium.porcine circovirus (pcv)-associated disease (pcvad) has emerged to become one of the most economically important pig diseases globally. one of the less commonly recognized clinical manifestations of pcvad is pcv2 type 2 (pcv2)-associated enteritis in growing pigs; however, experimental confirmation of the ability of pcv2 alone or pcv2 coinfection with other agent(s) to induce enteritis is lacking. in this study, 120 specific-pathogen-free (spf) pigs were divided randomly into six groups: control ...201121334002
porcine proliferative enteropathy in estonian pig herds: histopathology and detection of lawsonia intracellularis by pcr.lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent of proliferative enteritis in pigs (ppe). this bacterium is difficult to culture from clinical samples and antemortem demonstration is therefore usually performed by pcr on faecal samples. the aim of this study was to elucidate the frequency of l. intracellularis infection in pig herds in estonia using pcr, histopathological methods and electronmicroscopical studies. the frequency of demonstration of l. intracellularis was highest in 9-12 weeks old ...201121306056
investigations on the prevalence and potential pathogenicity of intestinal trichomonads in pigs using in situ hybridization.in pigs, three different trichomonad species (tritrichomonas foetus, tetratrichomonas buttreyi and tritrichomonas rotunda) have been described as commensals in the large intestine. the aim of this study was to gain further knowledge on the prevalence and pathogenicity of trichomonads in pigs by using a morphology-based approach. chromogenic in situ hybridization (ish) is a technique which allows direct localization of the protozoa in the intestinal tissue and correlation of the infection with pa ...201021236578
observations of variable inter-observer agreement for clinical evaluation of faecal consistency in grow-finishing pigs.inter-observer agreement for assessment of faecal consistency in pigs was evaluated using a scoring system with 3 categories. in a pilot study, 3 observers performed an examination of faecal samples post-collection. the samples were obtained from pigs (12-13 weeks old) in 4 herds with a history of diarrhoea associated with lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira spp. and/or porcine circovirus type 2. observer 1 examined all the faecal samples from the 4 herds. observer 2 only examined the faecal s ...201021183234
primary infection protects pigs against re-infection with lawsonia intracellularis in experimental challenge studies.in two separate trials pigs were experimentally infected with lawsonia intracellularis at 5-6 weeks of age followed by antibiotic treatment and resolution of the primary infection and then re-inoculated at 12-13 weeks of age. a treatment-control group of pigs received the primary infection and antibiotic treatment only, and served as control for the antibiotic treatment of the primary infection. a challenge-control group of pigs received the second inoculation dose only at 12-13 weeks of age to ...201021168983
effector prediction in host-pathogen interaction based on a markov model of a ubiquitous epiya motif.effector secretion is a common strategy of pathogen in mediating host-pathogen interaction. eight epiya-motif containing effectors have recently been discovered in six pathogens. once these effectors enter host cells through type iii/iv secretion systems (t3ss/t4ss), tyrosine in the epiya motif is phosphorylated, which triggers effectors binding other proteins to manipulate host-cell functions. the objectives of this study are to evaluate the distribution pattern of epiya motif in broad biologic ...201021143776
co-incubation with il-18 potentiates antigen-specific ifn-γ response in a whole-blood stimulation assay for measurement of cell-mediated immune responses in pigs experimentally infected with lawsonia intracellularis.the whole-blood interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) assay is a quantitative in vitro assay for a direct read-out of ag-specific cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses to infectious diseases. the ifn-γ assay is robust in severe intracellular infections like brucella or mycobacteria, but more difficult to evaluate for less severe or immunocompromising infections. here we investigated the performance of the assay when recombinant co-stimulatory cytokines il-12 and/or il-18 were added along with ag or pbs to cul ...201020889217
comparison of feces versus rectal swabs for the molecular detection of lawsonia intracellularis in foals with equine proliferative enteropathy.the purpose of the current study was to compare the molecular detection rate of lawsonia intracellularis between feces and rectal swabs collected from 42 foals with suspected equine proliferative enteropathy (epe). fecal samples and rectal swabs were processed for dna purification by using an automated extraction system. the purified dna was then analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of the aspartate ammonia lyase (aspa) gene of l. intracellularis. absolute quant ...201020807932
development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for quantification of lawsonia intracellularis.the objective of the present study was to develop a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay using sybr green for quantification of lawsonia intracellularis in cell culture and pig fecal samples. specific primers were designed and tested using the aspartate ammonia-lyase (aspa) gene as a target. serial 10-fold dilutions of cell culture samples and several sets of spiked feces were used for qpcr optimization. the lower limit of the linear range of the assay in cell culture was 5.1 x 10 ...201020622232
diagnostic performance of different fecal lawsonia intracellularis-specific polymerase chain reaction assays as diagnostic tests for proliferative enteropathy in pigs: a review.traditionally, diagnosis of lawsonia intracellularis-associated proliferative enteropathy (pe) has depended on necropsy and histology. since the establishment of the etiologic role of l. intracellularis, a number of specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays have been developed for the detection of dna in feces. the present article is a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications on the application of l. intracellularis-specific fecal pcr as an antemortem diagnostic test for histologic ...201020622217
evaluation of lawsonia intracellularis infection in a group of pigs in a subclinically affected herd from weaning to slaughter.the purpose of this study was to follow the course of a subclinical lawsonia (l.) intracellularis infection in a group of 60 pigs on a commercial farm from weaning to slaughter. from 6 to 16 and at 26 weeks of age, rectal faecal samples and blood samples were collected weekly from every pig for examination by pcr and blocking elisa, respectively. at corresponding times starting at 8 weeks of age, pigs were randomly selected for necropsy (n=51). intestinal tissues were examined histopathologicall ...201020605375
evidence of cell-mediated immune response and specific local mucosal immunoglobulin (ig) a production against lawsonia intracellularis in experimentally infected swine.the purpose of this study was to detect cell-mediated and local humoral immune responses to lawsonia intracellularis in pigs inoculated with a pure culture of the pathogenic isolate or with an intestinal mucosa homogenate. twenty-four 5-week-old pigs were inoculated with a pure culture of l. intracellularis (n = 10), an intestinal mucosa homogenate from proliferative enteropathy diseased pigs (n = 10), or a control solution (n = 4). all animals were bled 0, 7, 14, and 20 d post-inoculation (pi). ...201020592838
effect of ascaris suum infection on performance of fattening pigs.scientific investigations of production losses in pigs due to roundworms are rarely conducted in commercial farms, despite the fact that this information is needed to decide whether anthelmintic treatment is cost-effective or not. therefore, the aim of our study was to compare performance in fattening pigs treated or not treated for ascaris suum infections. two danish pig farms producing fatteners and showing a. suum-induced liver white spot prevalences of 10-33% were selected for the study. in ...201020541323
prevalence of antibodies to lawsonia intracellularis in pig herds in australia.proliferative enteropathy (pe) of pigs is caused by lawsonia intracellularis. clinical severity appears to depend, at least partly, on the infective dose and strain of l. intracellularis. serological tests are able to detect subclinical disease. the bioscreen elisa for detecting l. intracellularis-specific antibodies is widely used to monitor the circulating antibody status of pigs in australia, but its sensitivity and specificity have not been reported. the aim of the present study was to measu ...201020529028
a multiplex real-time pcr for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli and lawsonia intracellularis in pig faeces.a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed to detect and quantify b. hyodysenteriae, b. pilosicoli, and l. intracellularis in pig faeces. specific probes and primers were directed against the nadh oxidase (nox) gene of brachyspira and the aspartate ammonia lyase (aspa) gene of l. intracellularis, respectively. the analytical sensitivity for the real-time pcr assay, expressed as limit of detection (lod) was below 10 dna copies for l. intracellularis, 14 dna copies for b. pilosicoli and 26 dna ...201020496826
lawsonia intracellularis and virulent rhodococcus equi infection in a thoroughbred colt.a 26-month-old thoroughbred colt with a 4-month history of continuous diarrhoea and weight loss was subject to necropsy examination. the small intestinal mucosa was thickened and this change particularly affected the terminal ileum. microscopical examination revealed multifocal epithelial hyperplasia, with multifocal granulomas and marked lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria. numerous gram-negative argyrophilic curved bacilli were observed within the cytoplasm of affected enterocytes. ...201020471028
intestinal absorption and histomorphometry of syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) experimentally infected with lawsonia intracellularis.the objective of this study was to evaluate the intestinal absorption and histomorphometry of hamsters experimentally infected with lawsonia intracellularis and correlate these parameters with severity of infection based on immunohistochemistry. sixty hamsters were equally divided into control and inoculated groups which were orally infected with intestinal mucosa homogenate from pigs naturally infected with l. intracellularis. the intestinal absorption of glucose, sodium, potassium and chloride ...201020418028
oral infection of weanling foals with an equine isolate of lawsonia intracellularis, agent of equine proliferative enteropathy.equine proliferative enteropathy (epe) is an emerging disease of weanling foals.201020337907
a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantification of lawsonia intracellularis.lawsonia intracellularis, a causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is difficult to culture, propagate, and quantify. the intestinal epithelial cell line (iec-18, derived from rat small intestine crypt cells) has been used to isolate and propagate this pathogen. however, the lack of rapid and simple quantification methods has led to mixed results when using the rat cell line, complicating lawsonia studies. to overcome these limitations, a ...201020224090
application of a pig ligated intestinal loop model for early lawsonia intracellularis infection.porcine proliferative enteropathy in pigs is caused by the obligate, intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis. in vitro studies have shown close bacterium-cell interaction followed by cellular uptake of the bacterium within 3 h post inoculation (pi). however, knowledge of the initial in vivo interaction between porcine intestinal epithelium and the bacterium is limited. the aims of the present study were to evaluate the usefulness of a ligated small intestinal loop model to study l. intr ...201020181246
early pathogenesis in porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis.the intestinal bacterium lawsonia intracellularis, the cause of proliferative enteropathy (pe) in pigs, is believed to infect mitotically active epithelial cells of the intestinal crypts and then multiply and spread in these cells as they divide. further spread of infection is thought to occur by shedding of bacteria from infected crypts followed by infection of new crypts. the early stages of the pathogenesis of pe, from 0 to 48 hours post-infection (hpi), have not been studied in vivo. in the ...201020167332
a taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of lawsonia intracellularis in fecal and tissue samples from pigs.in the present study, a taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay for detecting the 16s ribosomal rna gene of lawsonia intracellularis in porcine native ileal mucosal scrapings, fecal samples, and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (ffpe) ileal samples is described. samples from 62 pigs were examined. the results of the qpcr were compared with results obtained with conventional detection methods (pcr, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and silver staining) from a pre ...201020093686
flotation-a new method to circumvent pcr inhibitors in the diagnosis of lawsonia intracellularis.the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis causes enteritis and poor growth in weaned pigs. cultivation is difficult and diagnosis ante mortem is mainly based on techniques such as polymerase chain reaction. however, false negative results caused by the presence of pcr-inhibitory factors constitute a problem. this study aimed to develop and evaluate a new technique, flotation, to separate l. intracellularis from inhibitors in faeces prior to pcr. the technique was evaluated by ...200919936108
detection of lawsonia intracellularis in formalin-fixed porcine intestinal tissue samples: comparison of immunofluorescence and in-situ hybridization, and evaluation of the effects of controlled autolysis.two methods, an immunofluorescence assay (ifa; with a lawsonia intracellularis-specific monoclonal antibody) and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (fish; with a specific oligonucleotide probe targeting 16s ribosomal rna of the bacterium), were compared for their ability to detect l. intracellularis (the cause of porcine proliferative enteritis [pe]) in formalin-fixed samples of intestinal tissue. of 69 intestinal samples with gross lesions of pe, 63 were positive by both fish and ifa, but six we ...201019909968
effect of origanum vulgaris and allium sativum extracts for the control of proliferative enteropathy in weaning pigs.the aim of the present trial was to investigate the efficacy of virbamix pe (virbac sa, france) an appetite enhancer and feed flavouring material containing plant extracts of origanum vulgaris and allium sativum, added to the feed at one single dose in the control of proliferative enteropathy (pe) in weaning pigs, in comparison to reference treatment with tiamulin (tiamutine 6.5 premix/ceva animal health) group and a negative control group. the trial was conducted on a farm with a previous histo ...200919886265
monitoring of lawsonia intracellularis in breeding herd gilts.in modern pig production, proliferative enteropathy is a common cause of diarrhoea and poor growth in young animals. this study aimed to determine the possible spread of lawsonia intracellularis through the sale of replacement gilts and the possibility to protect the herds by adequate biosecurity measures. this was achieved by repeated sampling of 50 gilts in an infected multiplying herd, from the last day in the farrowing pen and until sale. further, 60 gilts sold from this herd were tested dur ...201019836171
faecal shedding and serological cross-sectional study of lawsonia intracellularis in horses in the state of minas gerais, brazil.reason for performing the study: proliferative enteropathy, caused by the intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis, has been described in horses in australia, the usa, canada and european countries but has not been reported in latin america. the prevalence of the disease in horses worldwide is unknown.200919803056
use of tylvalosin-medicated feed to control porcine proliferative enteropathy.the effect of an oral treatment with the tartrate salt of tylvalosin on the development of proliferative enteropathy in 60 experimentally challenged pigs was studied. thirty of the pigs were fed a diet medicated with 50 ppm tylvalosin and 30 were fed the unmedicated diet. the treated animals started to receive the medicated feed the day before they were inoculated, and continued to receive it for 14 days. the pigs' bodyweight, feed consumption and clinical signs were evaluated, and they were exa ...200919767637
chronic hepatitis, hepatic dysplasia, fibrosis, and biliary hyperplasia in hamsters naturally infected with a novel helicobacter classified in the h. bilis cluster.we recently described helicobacter-associated progressive, proliferative, and dysplastic typhlocolitis in aging (18- to 24-month-old) syrian hamsters. other pathogens associated with typhlocolitis in hamsters, clostridium difficile, lawsonia intracellularis, and giardia spp., were not indentified. the presence of helicobacter genus-specific dna was noted by pcr in cecal and paraffin-embedded liver samples from aged hamsters by the use of helicobacter-specific pcr primers. by 16s rrna analysis, t ...200919759229
efficacy of intramuscular tylosin for the treatment and control of porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis.this double-blind study investigated the efficacy of injectable tylosin (tylan 200 injection, elanco animal health, indianapolis, in) for the treatment and control of porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis using a mucosal challenge model. intramuscular (im) tylosin was compared with sterile tylosin injection carrier (negative control). im treatments (1 ml/22.5 kg [50 lb body weight; 4 mg/lb body weight]) were administered to two groups of pigs twice daily for 3 cons ...200119753698
lawsonia intracellularis: humoral immune response and fecal shedding in weanling foals following intra-rectal administration of frozen-thawed or lyophilized avirulent live vaccine.the humoral immune response and fecal shedding of lawsonia intracellularis was investigated in 20 weanling foals following intra-rectal administration of frozen-thawed or lyophilized avirulent live l. intracellularis vaccine. foals received either 30 ml frozen-thawed or lyophilized vaccine intra-rectally, given twice, 4 weeks apart. serum samples from each foal were collected every 4 weeks for 16 weeks following the first vaccination and tested for anti-l. intracellularis specific igg by immunop ...201019699124
expression by lawsonia intracellularis of type iii secretion system components during infection.contact-dependent secretion systems, such as the type iii secretion system (t3ss), have been shown to play significant roles in the pathogenicity of many gram-negative bacterial pathogens. lawsonia intracellularis is a novel, obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium, which has been identified as the etiological agent of proliferative enteropathies in numerous animal species. analysis of the genome sequence of the l. intracellularis strain phe/mn1-00 has revealed the presence of a t3ss secr ...200919589649
impaired intestinal absorption of glucose in 4 foals with lawsonia intracellularis infection. 200919566855
quantification of lawsonia intracellularis in porcine faeces by real-time pcr.to develop and to validate a method for the quantification of lawsonia intracellularis in porcine faeces by real-time pcr.200919548889
effects of administration of an avirulent live vaccine of lawsonia intracellularis on mares and foals. 200919542553
porcine proliferative enteropathy: an important disease with questions remaining to be solved.proliferative enteropathy caused by the intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis is an endemic disease with high herd prevalences reported worldwide. the infection has a considerable impact on pig production and herd economics and, with the development of new diagnostic techniques, l. intracellularis is being identified in an increasing number of pig herds and a wider range of species. this paper reviews current knowledge of the disease, with a focus on the epidemiology in pigs. the prev ...201019487140
microarray analysis of differential expression of cell cycle and cell differentiation genes in cells infected with lawsonia intracellularis.infection of intestinal crypt epithelial cells by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis is directly linked to marked proliferation of the infected enterocytes within 3-5days post-infection. the virulence factor for this unique host cell-proliferative response is not known, but is considered to involve altered crypt cell cycle or differentiation events. mccoy mouse fibroblast cells were infected with l. intracellularis, and then harvested for expressed mrna at daily time p ...201019362500
codon usages of genes on chromosome, and surprisingly, genes in plasmid are primarily affected by strand-specific mutational biases in lawsonia intracellularis.in this study, the factors driving genome-wide patterns of codon usages in lawsonia intracellularis genome are determined. for genes on the chromosome of the bacterium, it is found that the most important source of variation results from strand-specific mutational biases. a lesser trend of variation is attributable to genes that are presumed as horizontally transferred. these putative alien genes are unusually gc richer than the other genes, whereas horizontally transferred genes have been obser ...200919221094
in vitro assessment of the effectiveness of powder disinfectant (stalosan f) against lawsonia intracellularis using two different assays.the objective of this study was to determine the in vitro efficacy of stalosan f, a mixed chemical and heavy metal disinfectant, against two strains of lawsonia intracellularis using both a modified tissue culture and a direct count method. for testing as a powder, 1g, 0.5g, or 0.25g of stalosan f was applied to bacterial solutions spread into sterile dishes. for use as an aqueous suspension, stalosan f was prepared to final concentrations of 1%, 4%, 8%, 16%, and 32%. in both applications, l. in ...200919144473
reduced use of antimicrobials after vaccination of pigs against porcine proliferative enteropathy in a danish spf herd.the present study explored whether the use of group medication with antibiotics in a danish pig herd was reduced after vaccination of the pigs against proliferative enteropathy (pe) caused by lawsonia intracellularis. 7900 pigs originating from a single commercial sow herd were vaccinated against l. intracellularis, whereas 7756 pigs were kept as non-vaccinated controls. the pigs were included batch-wise in the study with every second batch being vaccinated. in the vaccinated batches, the consum ...200919128459
comparative evaluation of diagnostic methods for lawsonia intracellularis infection in pigs, with emphasis on cases lacking characteristic lesions.in this study the following methods for the diagnosis of lawsonia intracellularis infection in pigs were compared in relation to a reference method (examination of ileal mucosal scrapings by the polymerase chain reaction [pcr]): warthin-starry (ws) staining of tissue sections, immunohistochemistry (ihc), in-situ hybridization (ish), and pcr examination of faeces and of paraffin wax-embedded samples of ileum. of 204 pigs examined, 32 were considered on the basis of the pcr to be infected. gross a ...200919108850
diagnosis of lawsonia intracellularis infection in pigs after vaccination or antimicrobial treatment.diagnosis of infection with lawsonia (l.) intracellularis, the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy, is routinely based on the detection of l. intracellularis in faeces and/or tissue samples by pcr. furthermore, infection can be determined by the detection of antibodies in serum samples. the aim of this comparative study was to examine whether results from molecular biology and serological testing are influenced by applying live bacteria vaccine enterisol ileitis or antimicrobial ...200819024547
temporal detection of lawsonia intracellularis using serology and real-time pcr in thoroughbred horses residing on a farm endemic for equine proliferative enteropathy.the goals of this study were to evaluate titers of antibodies against lawsonia intracellularis in 68 resident broodmares from a farm known to be endemic for equine proliferative enteropathy (epe) and to evaluate maternal antibodies, occurrence of seroconversion and fecal shedding in their foals. serum samples collected from mares at delivery and from foals pre- and post-colostrum ingestion and monthly thereafter were tested for the presence of l. intracellularis antibodies by immunoperoxidase mo ...200919019573
detection of lawsonia intracellularis by real-time pcr in the feces of free-living animals from equine farms with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy.the objective of this study was to determine whether lawsonia intracellularis was present in the feces of free-living animals collected on two equine premises with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy (epe). fresh feces from black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus, n=100), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis, n=22), feral cats (felis catus, n=14), brewer's blackbirds (euphagus cyanocephalus, n=10), virginian opossums (didelphis virginiana, n=9), raccoons (procyon lotor, n ...200818957657
evaluation of the humoral immune response and fecal shedding in weanling foals following oral and intra-rectal administration of an avirulent live vaccine of lawsonia intracellularis.equine proliferative enteropathy (epe) caused by lawsonia intracellularis has recently been recognized as an emerging disease in foals. whilst the clinical entity, diagnostic evaluation and treatment of affected foals have been well established and described, preventive measures for epe have remained largely unaddressed. the objectives of this study were to investigate the humoral immune response and onset and duration of fecal shedding in foals after oral and intra-rectal administration of a mo ...200918835201
in vitro antimicrobial activity against 10 north american and european lawsonia intracellularis isolates.the objective of this study was to determine the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of antimicrobials against 10 isolates of lawsonia intracellularis, the etiological agent of proliferative enteropathy (pe). antimicrobials tested included carbadox, chlortetracycline, lincomycin, tiamulin, tylosin and valnemulin. the mic of each antimicrobial against l. intracellularis was determined using a tissue culture system and was identified as the lowest concentration that inhibited 99% of l. ...200918823723
detection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, lawsonia intracellularis and brachyspira pilosicoli in feral pigs.feral pigs are recognized as being a potential reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms that can infect domestic pigs and other species. the aim of this study was to investigate whether feral pigs in western australia were colonized by the pathogenic enteric bacteria lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and/or brachyspira pilosicoli. a total of 222 feral pigs from three study-populations were sampled. dna was extracted from faeces or colonic contents and subjected to a previously d ...200918818030
single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-1 beta related genes and their associations with infection in the horse.in previous work, we found significant associations of horse chromosome 15 (eca15) microsatellite markers hmso1 and htg06 with two horse infections, rhodococcus equi and lawsonia intracellularis, respectively. interleukin-1 beta subunit and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist encoding genes (il1b and il1rn) could be considered as candidate genes underlying the associations reported. therefore, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) within three interleukin-1 beta functionally related ...200818817325
cultivation and characterization of lawsonia intracellularis isolated from rabbit and pig.lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular pathogenic bacterium that causes proliferative enteropathy in domestic and experimental animals. in this study, we improved the in vitro cultivation method of l. intracellularis to increase the passage efficiency and showed that l. intracellularis isolated from a rabbit and a pig have different antigenic properties. bacteria should be recovered from infected cells before cell death due to infection to obtain higher bacterial passage efficienc ...200818685249
lawsonia intracellularis infection in horses: 2005-2007.lawsonia intracellularis is an emerging equine pathogen that is a cause of equine proliferative enteropathy (epe).200818681919
epidemiological survey on farms with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy due to lawsonia intracellularis. 200818677000
lawsonia intracellularis in rodents from pig farms with the occurrence of porcine proliferative enteropathy.lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium causing proliferative enteropathy in certain species of domestic, laboratory and captive animals. the aim of our study was to detect l. intracellularis in free-living rodents from pig farms in the czech republic.200818673433
lawsonia intracellularis contains a gene encoding a functional rickettsia-like atp/adp translocase for host exploitation.atp/adp translocases are a hallmark of obligate intracellular pathogens related to chlamydiae and rickettsiae. these proteins catalyze the highly specific exchange of bacterial adp against host atp and thus allow bacteria to exploit their hosts' energy pool, a process also referred to as energy parasitism. the genome sequence of the obligate intracellular pathogen lawsonia intracellularis (deltaproteobacteria), responsible for one of the most economically important diseases in the swine industry ...200818606736
infection of different strains of mice with lawsonia intracellularis derived from rabbit or porcine proliferative enteropathy.this report describes intestinal lesions in five strains of mice infected orally with lawsonia intracellularis-infected tissue homogenates from rabbits or pigs (rli and pli). balb/ca, c3h/hej, c57bl/6j and icr mice were susceptible to infection with rli, whereas only c3h/hej, c57bl/6j and icr strains were susceptible to pli. in susceptible mice, crypt epithelial hyperplasia occurred in association with an inflammatory reaction, as in proliferative enteropathy (pe) in other species. the intestina ...200818479698
proliferative enteropathy involving lawsonia intracellularis infection in rabbits (oryctlagus cuniculus).five rabbits suffering from diarrhea were diagnosed with proliferative enteropathy (pe). histopathology revealed a thickened mucosa consisting of hyperplastic intestinal epithelium and infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly consisted of macrophages. in the affected epithelial cytoplasm, numerous curved bacillus-like organisms were observed in the warthin-starry silver stain and electron microscopy observation. in polymerase chain reactions, lawsonia intracellularis-specific dna fragment were ...200818460834
development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy.the objective of this study was to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a sonicated pure culture of lawsonia intracellularis as the antigen (so-elisa). a total of 332 serum samples, consisting of 232 experimentally infected animals and 100 animals naturally infected with l. intracellularis, were used to assess the diagnostic sensitivity. three hundred and fifty-five sera from uninfected animals were used to determine the diagnostic specificity. the receiver operati ...200818319429
distribution and chemical coding of intramural neurons in the porcine ileum during proliferative enteropathy.enteric neurons are highly adaptive in their response to various pathological processes including inflammation, so the aim of this study was to describe the chemical coding of neurons in the ileal intramural ganglia in porcine proliferative enteropathy (ppe). accordingly, juvenile large white polish pigs with clinically diagnosed lawsonia intracellularis infection (ppe; n=3) and a group of uninfected controls (c; n=3) were studied. ileal tissue from each animal was processed for dual-labelling i ...200818061202
the microbiota of pigs influenced by diet texture and severity of lawsonia intracellularis infection.pigs with and without naturally occurring lawsonia intracellularis infection were fed diets with different texture. in a previous study from 79 pig herds using a similar feeding on pelleted or non-pelleted form showed that the non-pelleted diet was associated with a reduced prevalence of l. intracellularis. in this study a mechanistic approach was taken for explaining and testing this observation by studying the microbiota and the occurrence of l. intracellularis in the distal ileum of 54 pigs b ...200817996403
an outbreak of lawsonia intracellularis infection in a standardbred herd in ontario.an outbreak of protein-losing enteropathy associated with lawsonia intracelluaris infection was diagnosed in 6 standardbred foals from a farm in ontario. wildlife exposure may have been involved in the perpetuation of disease in this outbreak. the clinical presentation, treatment, outcomes, and pathological findings are described.200717966333
simultaneous detection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli and lawsonia intracellularis in porcine faeces and tissue samples by multiplex-pcr.diarrhoea in growing and finishing pigs is usually caused by infectious agents and laboratory diagnosis is a prerequisite for efficient therapy. cultivation of brachyspira hyodysenteriae or brachyspira pilosicoli and detection of lawsonia intracellularis by means of immunofluorescence tests (ift) are time-consuming and in some cases lack sensitivity. a multiplex-pcr was designed to detect simultaneously these three pathogens in faeces and tissue samples, allowing the differential diagnosis of dy ...200717931231
field evaluation of an oral attenuated lawsonia intracellularis vaccine for porcine proliferative enteropathy (ileitis). 200717617542
prevalence of selected enteropathogenic bacteria in hungarian finishing pigs.the aim of this study was to obtain prevalence estimates about the most important enteropathogenic bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli, salmonella enterica and clostridium perfringens a and c in hungarian farrow-to-finish pig herds. a total of 31 herds were selected, from where six pooled faecal samples, each containing three individual rectal faecal samples were collected from fattening pigs of 5-6 months of age. all 186 samples were examined b ...200717555287
in situ hybridization for lawsonia intracellularis--specific 16s rrna sequence in paraffin-embedded tissue using a digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probe.an in situ hybridization (ish) procedure with a digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probe for detection of lawsonia intracellularis in paraffin-embedded tissue is described. this technique recognized 71% of pcr-positive cases and was thus superior to warthin-starry silver stain, which only detected 41%. the presented ish is of comparable sensitivity to previously published immunohistochemical assays and is recommended for laboratories wishing to diagnose l. intracellularis infections in tissue s ...200717459858
lawsonia intracellularis proliferative enteropathy in a foal.a weanling foal was diagnosed with proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis based on history, clinical findings of depression, anorexia, weight loss, colic, diarrhea, and ventral edema, and a combination of serology and fecal pcr. an epidemiological investigation on the premises revealed that many of the other foals and adult horses were seropositive for l. intracellularis, despite being clinically normal, and identified a dog as a potential carrier and source of infection fo ...200717410971
seroprevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in different swine populations in 3 provinces in canada.porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis is an important enteric disease in swine throughout the world. information regarding the distribution of this pathogen in canadian swine herds would be beneficial for the creation of control protocols. pigs from ontario, quebec, and alberta were tested by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay for antibodies to l. intracellularis. pig seroprevalence was calculated as the proportion of pigs positive from total pigs tested in ...200717310623
survey of the large-animal diplomates of the american college of veterinary internal medicine regarding knowledge and clinical use of polymerase chain reaction: implications for veterinary education.a questionnaire was developed to document the knowledge base of large-animal diplomates of the american college of veterinary internal medicine (acvim) regarding polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology and to identify the common use of this technology in equine practice. ninety-three of the 278 mailed questionnaires were returned, for an overall response rate of 33.4%. ninety respondents (99%) reported being familiar with the general principles of nucleic acid probe technology; however, only ...200617220506
isolation of lawsonia intracellularis specific single-chain fv antibody fragments from phage display library.single-chain antibodies (scfv) exhibiting specific binding to lawsonia intracellularis were isolated from a phagemid library expressing scfvs molecules on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages. for scfv selection whole bacterial cells were used and individual clones were tested in elisa test. the total of seven unique clones with different fingerprint profiles was isolated. all clones were able to bind specifically in immunofluorescence assay. this is the first report of species specific rec ...200717198717
re-challenge of pigs following recovery from proliferative enteropathy.an experimental challenge model was developed to demonstrate lawsonia intracellularis colonization and reproduction of proliferative enteropathy (pe) in naïve weaner pigs. groups of pigs were orally dosed with between 10(10) and 10(5)l. intracellularis extracted from haemorrhagic pe affected mucosa. pigs were monitored for clinical signs and intestinal lesions of pe and evidence of bacterial colonization by serology and faecal polymerase chain reaction (pcr). one group of challenged pigs were ne ...200717188822
survey on the occurrence of brachyspira species and lawsonia intracellularis in children living on pig farms.the occurrence of brachyspira species and lawsonia intracellularis was investigated by pcr analyses of faeces from 60 children living on european pig farms. in addition, 60 other children were included as controls. two samples were positive for b. aalborgi but b. pilosicoli and l. intracellularis were not demonstrated.200717134531
distinction between porcine circovirus type 2 enteritis and porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis.the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was studied immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded samples of intestinal tissue from 80 pigs with a clinical history suggestive of lawsonia intracellularis-associated diarrhoea. histopathologically, enteritis of varying intensity was diagnosed in 64 of the pigs. of these 64 animals, 34 (18%) were infected with both pcv2 and l. intracellularis. of the remaining 30 cases of enteritis, 23 (77%) were attributed to pcv2 infectio ...200617070535
human inflammatory bowel disease does not associate with lawsonia intracellularis infection.there is increasing evidence that bacterial infection of the intestinal mucosa may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd). in pigs, an obligate intracellular bacterium, lawsonia intracellularis (li), was shown to cause proliferative enteropathy (pe) of which some forms display histological and clinical similarities to human ibd. since li-similar desulfovibrio spp. may infect human cells, we hypothesized that li might be associated with the development of human ibd.200616984651
diagnostic and epidemiological features of lawsonia intracellularis enteropathy in 2 foals.two clinical cases of equine proliferative enteropathy are described. both foals had a positive fecal polymerase chain reaction, but shedding of the bacterium stopped <4 days after therapy was initiated. one foal was serologically positive 3 days after onset of clinical signs and remained positive for more than 6 months.200616898113
effects of oral vaccination against lawsonia intracellularis on growing-finishing pig's performance in a pig production unit with endemic porcine proliferative enteropathy (ppe).the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oral vaccination against lawsonia intracellularis (li) on growing-finishing pig's performance. in a large hungarian growing-finishing pig production unit, pigs with positive li status were randomly divided into 2 groups and treated as follows: group one: growing pigs (n = 4112) were li vaccinated with an avirulent oral live vaccine (enterisol ileitis boehringer ingelheim vetmedica, inc., st. joseph, usa). group two: growing pigs (n = 418 ...200616856610
in vitro cultivation and partial characterization of lawsonia intracellularis from a japanese field case of porcine proliferative enteropathy.lawsonia intracellularis isolated from a japanese field case of porcine proliferative enteropathy (ppe) was cultivated and partially characterized. the bacterial cells isolated from the intestinal mucosa of a pig suffering from the acute form of ppe were used to inoculate rat small intestine cells (iec-18) and human epithelial cells (hep-2). infected foci, which were stained with l. intracellularis-specific rabbit antiserum, were observed in the cell culture at 5 days post inoculation. the dna s ...200616820719
effect of dietary inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles, soybean hulls, or a polyclonal antibody product on the ability of growing pigs to resist a lawsonia intracellularis challenge.an experiment was conducted to determine if dietary inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs), soybean hulls, or soybean hulls sprayed with an egg-based, polyclonal antibody product would reduce the incidence or severity of infection, or both, in growing pigs after a lawsonia intracellularis challenge. one hundred 17-d-old weaned pigs were blocked by sex, ancestry, and bw, and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatment groups: negative control, unchallenged, corn-soy diet; positive co ...200616775072
effect of including distillers dried grains with solubles in the diet, with or without antimicrobial regimen, on the ability of growing pigs to resist a lawsonia intracellularis challenge.a disease challenge experiment was conducted to determine if including 10% dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) in the diet, with or without antimicrobial supplementation, reduces the incidence or severity, or both, of intestinal lesions in growing pigs after an lawsonia intracellularis challenge. one hundred 17-d-old weaned pigs were blocked by sex, ancestry, and bw and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatment groups: negative control, unchallenged, corn-soy diet; positive control, challen ...200616775071
effect of dietary inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles on the ability of growing pigs to resist a lawsonia intracellularis challenge.an experiment was conducted to determine if including distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs) in the diet of growing pigs reduces the incidence or severity of infection after a lawsonia intracellularis challenge. eighty 17-d-old weaned pigs were blocked by sex, ancestry, and bw and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatment groups: negative control (nc), unchallenged, corn-soy diet; positive control (pc), challenged, corn-soy diet; 10% ddgs diet (10d), challenged; and 20% ddgs diet (20d), challe ...200616775070
isolation of lawsonia intracellularis in korea and reproduction of proliferative enteropathy in pigs and hamsters.lawsonia intracellularis (l. intracellularis) was isolated from a korean pig suffering acute proliferative enteropathy. in vitro culture conditions of l. intracellularis were established in mccoy cells. pigs and hamsters experimentally infected with the pure culture of l. intracellularis reproduced clinical signs and intestinal lesions of proliferative enteropathy. the presence of l. intracellularis in the intestinal lesions was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with l. intracellularis-specific ...200616757895
lawsonia intracellularis infection in the large intestines of pigs.in this study we examined the proliferative enteropathy, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis, in colon of naturally infected pigs, using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation and scanning confocal laser microscopy. when 396 pigs submitted for routine laboratory examination were investigated, large intestinal gross lesions were seen in 93, including 74 cases of l. intracellularis colitis (proliferative enteropathy). fifty-one pigs without recorded colonic ...200616689824
evaluation of porcine ileum models of enterocyte infection by lawsonia intracellularis.the early interaction of lawsonia intracellularis with host cells was examined with the use of porcine ileum models. two conventional swine were anesthetized, and ligated ileum loops were prepared during abdominal surgery. the loops were inoculated with 108 l. intracellularis or saline. after 60 min, samples of each loop were processed for routine histologic and electron microscopic study. histologic and ultrathin sections of all the loops appeared normal, with no apposition of bacteria and host ...200616639950
proliferative enteropathy: a global enteric disease of pigs caused by lawsonia intracellularis.proliferative enteropathy (pe; ileitis) is a common intestinal disease affecting susceptible pigs raised under various management systems around the world. major developments in the understanding of pe and its causative agent, lawsonia intracellularis, have occurred that have led to advances in the detection of this disease and methods to control and prevent it. diagnostic tools that have improved overall detection and early onset of pe in pigs include various serological and molecular-based ass ...200516583781
first experience on the effect of in-feed lincomycin for the control of proliferative enteropathy in growing pigs.this trial's aim was to evaluate the effect of in-feed lincomycin for the control of proliferative enteropathy (pe; also known as ileitis) in growing pigs, in which it is associated with significant morbidity levels. investigation regarding the efficacy of this substance in growing pigs has never been carried out before in a field trial. the trial farm had a previous history of pe outbreaks. on day 1 of the trial (age of 62 +/- 1.5 days), 240 pigs were divided into two groups of 120 pigs/group w ...200616533333
measurement of the viability of lawsonia intracellularis.the objective of this study was to develop and test both a flow cytometry method (fcm) and a direct count method (dcm) that both use fluorescent stains to determine the viability of lawsonia intracellularis (li), an obligate intracellular bacterium and the cause of proliferative enteropathy (pe) in pigs and other animal species. live li were passaged in cell culture and harvested from infected mccoy cells. dead li were prepared by exposing live li to 70% isopropyl alcohol for 30 min. seven sampl ...200516479724
development of a multiplex-pcr for rapid detection of the enteric pathogens lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, and brachyspira pilosicoli in porcine faeces.to develop an assay to simultaneously detect lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli in pig faeces.200616478518
detection of lawsonia intracellularis in wild boar and fallow deer bred in one game enclosure in the czech republic.the prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis between wild boar (sus scrofa) and fallow deer (dama dama) bred in one game reserve was investigated using the nested pcr method. in the study, 88 clinically healthy wild boars of different age categories and two fallow deer bagged in the game reserve were examined. lawsonia intracellularis was demonstrated in the mucous membrane of the intestine of eight (9.1%) wild boars and one fallow deer. of the nine wild boar whose tissues of corresponding lymph n ...200616460355
lawsonia intracellularis proliferative enteropathy in a filly.proliferative enteropathy (pe) caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis is a disease of high economic impact in swine worldwide. in most other species the disease occurs as a sporadic infection. this paper reports a pe caused by l. intracellularis in a 9-month-old pura raza española filly with a history of profuse diarrhoea. pathological lesions consisted of a severe proliferative enteritis associated with argyrophilic bacteria in the apical cytoplasm of proliferat ...200616411902
tetracycline therapy of lawsonia intracellularis enteropathy in foals. 200616411593
progressive proliferative and dysplastic typhlocolitis in aging syrian hamsters naturally infected with helicobacter spp.: a spontaneous model of inflammatory bowel disease.helicobacter spp. have been implicated in a variety of gastrointestinal tract diseases, including peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), in humans and animals. although most models of ibd are experimentally induced, spontaneous or natural models of ibd are rare. herein, we describe a long-term study of chronic, progressive lesions that develop in the distal portion of the large bowel of unmanipulated syrian hamsters naturally infected with helicobacter spp. t ...200616407482
neither hippurate-negative brachyspira pilosicoli nor brachyspira pilosicoli type strain caused diarrhoea in early-weaned pigs by experimental infection.a hippurate-negative biovariant of brachyspira pilosicoli (b. pilosicolihipp-) is occasionally isolated in diarrhoeic pigs in finland, often concomitantly with hippurate-positive b. pilosicoli or lawsonia intracellularis. we studied pathogenicity of b. pilosicolihipp- with special attention paid to avoiding co-infection with other enteric pathogens. pigs were weaned and moved to barrier facilities at the age of 11 days. at 46 days, 8 pigs were inoculated with b. pilosicolihipp- strain br1622, 8 ...200516398337
lawsonia intracellularis infection in a 12-month-old colt in belgium. 200516339981
experimental reproduction of proliferative enteropathy and the role of ifn-gamma in protective immunity against lawsonia intracellularis in mice.proliferative enteropathy was reproduced in ifn-gamma receptor knockout (ifn-gamma r-) mice by experimental infection with lawsonia intracellularis (l. intracellularis). the cecum and the colon of the infected mice were evidently enlarged 2 weeks post infection. the presence of l. intracellularis was identified in the stool and the cecum of the mice after infection. however, high levels of ifn-gamma were detected in the sera of the infected mice 2 weeks pi. these data indicated that the ifn-gamm ...200516294002
prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and salmonella in swine herds.the prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and salmonella spp. were investigated by multiplex pcr using fecal samples of pigs with diarrhea or a history of diarrhea. the overall herd prevalence of l. intracellularis, b. hyodysenteriae and salmonella spp. were 46.5%, 37.2% and 51.1%, respectively. also, the prevalence of l. intracellularis, b. hyodysenteriae and salmonella spp. among all sampled pigs were 19.9%, 10.8% and 17.7%, respectively. seventeen of 43 herds were ...200516293991
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