Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| structure-based engineering of an icosahedral virus for nanomedicine and nanotechnology. | a quintessential tenet of nanotechnology is the self-assembly of nanometer-sized components into devices. biological macromolecular systems such as viral particles were found to be suitable building blocks for nanotechnology for several reasons: viral capsids are extremely robust and can be produced in large quantities with ease, the particles self-assemble into monodisperse particles with a high degree of symmetry and polyvalency, they have the propensity to form arrays, and they offer programm ... | 2009 | 19198569 |
| cowpea mosaic virus-based systems for the expression of antigens and antibodies in plants. | this chapter describes the use of cowpea mosaic virus-based vectors for the production of foreign proteins such as antigens and antibodies in plants. the systems include vectors based on both full-length and deleted versions of rna-2. in both cases, the modified rna-2 is replicated by coinoculation with rna-1. the constructs based on full-length rna-2 retain the ability to spread systemically throughout an inoculated plant and the infection can be passaged. the vector based on a deleted version ... | 2009 | 19183891 |
| recent developments in design and application of plant virus-based gene vectors. | a new horizon is lit up by exploiting plant viruses as the vectors to deliver foreign genes into plants for various purposes such as production of valuable pharmaceutical proteins, to understand pathogenesis of a plant virus, and to establish gene silencing for blocking, for example, production of an undesirable intermediate metabolite in a metabolic pathway. here, the recent patents concerning the design of new gene vectors on the basis of the genomes of the viruses including tobacco mosaic vir ... | 2007 | 19075936 |
| gentian mosaic virus: a new species in the genus fabavirus. | abstract a viral isolate, designated n-1 and obtained from a gentian (gentiana scabra) plant that exhibited mosaic symptoms, was transmitted mechanically to nine plant species in six families. these plants are known as hosts of fabaviruses. the n-1 isolate was composed of isometric particles 30 nm in diameter and included two rna molecules of approximately 6.0 and 3.6 kb in length, as estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis. the rnas were encapsidated separately in two of the three types of par ... | 2005 | 18943990 |
| novel cytopathological structures induced by mixed infection of unrelated plant viruses. | abstract when two unrelated plant viruses infect a plant simultaneously, synergistic viral interactions often occur resulting in devastating diseases. this study was initiated to examine ultrastructural virus-virus interactions of mixed viral infections. mixed infections were induced using potyviruses and viruses from other plant virus families. novel ultrastructural paracrystalline arrays composed of co-infecting viruses, referred to as mixed virus particle aggregates (mvpas), were noted in the ... | 2004 | 18943827 |
| chemical addressability of ultraviolet-inactivated viral nanoparticles (vnps). | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is increasingly being used as a nanoparticle platform for multivalent display of molecules via chemical bioconjugation to the capsid surface. a growing variety of applications have employed the cpmv multivalent display technology including nanoblock chemistry, in vivo imaging, and materials science. cpmv nanoparticles can be inexpensively produced from experimentally infected cowpea plants at high yields and are extremely stable. although cpmv has not been shown to rep ... | 2008 | 18830402 |
| extremely high-level and rapid transient protein production in plants without the use of viral replication. | plant-based overexpression of heterologous proteins has attracted much interest and development in recent years. to date, the most efficient vectors have been based on rna virus-derived replicons. a system based on a disabled version of cowpea mosaic virus rna-2 has been developed, which overcomes limitations on insert size and introduces biocontainment. this system involves positioning a gene of interest between the 5' leader sequence and 3' untranslated region (utr) of rna-2, thereby emulating ... | 2008 | 18775971 |
| improved diagnosis for nine viral diseases considered as notifiable by the world organization for animal health. | nine viral diseases included in the world organization for animal health list of notifiable diseases (former list a) were chosen for their contagiousness and high capacity of spreading to improve their diagnosis using new and emerging technologies. all the selected diseases--foot-and-mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, vesicular stomatitis, classical swine fever, african swine fever, bluetongue, african horse sickness, newcastle disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza--are considered a ... | 2008 | 18666965 |
| the primary structure of red clover mottle virus middle component rna. | the primary structure of middle component rna of red clover mottle virus (rcmv) has been determined. the rna is polyadenylated, has a small protein (vpg) covalently linked to its 5' terminus and consists of 3543 nucleotides. the rna possesses a single long open reading frame which can code for a polypeptide of molecular weight 109,452. comparison of the 3' terminal sequence of the m rna with that of the homologous b rna reveals a high degree of sequence conservation in this area. computer-assist ... | 1986 | 18640659 |
| independent replication of cowpea mosaic virus bottom component rna: in vivo instability of the viral rnas. | we compared the accumulation of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rnas after inoculation of cowpea and chenopodium quinoa protoplasts with bottom (b) or middle (m) component virions alone, or with a mixture of the m and b components. rna extracted from infected protoplasts was subjected to quantitative spot hybridization after electrophoresis and blotting. compared to the complete m plus b mixture, the b inoculum induced (1) a reduced rate and extent of accumulation of b-rna of both the (+) and (-) pol ... | 1985 | 18640533 |
| the structure of cowpea mosaic virus replicative form rna. | the structure of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) replicative form (rf) rna has been investigated by in vitro labelling at the 5' and 3' termini. the results indicate that the 3' termini of the minus (-) strands of the rfs from both m and b rna (rf-m and rf-b) are exact complements of the corresponding 5' sequences of the virion rnas. the 5'-labelling studies revealed that both rf-m and rf-b have vpg linked to poly(u) at the 5' ends of the (-) strands and also show that there is heterogeneity in the l ... | 1985 | 18640531 |
| isolation and characterization of two temperature-sensitive mutants of cowpea mosaic virus. | two temperature-sensitive mutants of cowpea mosaic virus have been isolated following nitrous acid mutagenesis. one mutant, 8-14, was shown to have a temperature-sensitive defect in the b component rna. the location of the temperature-sensitive defect of the other mutant, 8-10, was not unambiguously determined. no virus-specific proteins were detected in leaves inoculated with the mutants and grown at the restrictive temperature. dot blot analysis and infectivity assays indicated that reduced am ... | 1985 | 18639840 |
| the rna-dependent rna polymerase of cowpea is not involved in cowpea mosaic virus rna replication: immunological evidence. | the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) of plants has been proposed to act as core rna polymerase in plant viral rna replication. an antiserum directed against the host-encoded rdrp from cowpea leaves was applied to examine a possible role of this enzyme in cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna replication. the amount of host-encoded rdrp increased more than 20-fold in cowpea leaf cells infected with cpmv. in striking contrast, no increase of rdrp was found to accompany cpmv rna replication in cowpea m ... | 1984 | 18639802 |
| rna-dependent rna polymerase isolated from cowpea chlorotic mottle virus-infected cowpeas is specific for bromoviral rna. | an rna-dependent rna polymerase activity capable of synthesizing full length double-stranded rna products only in the presence of bromoviral rna templates has been isolated from cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv)-infected cowpeas. no comparable discrete products were obtained when a nonbromoviral (cowpea mosaic virus) rna was used as template. heterodisperse, ribonuclease-sensitive products were obtained in reactions catalyzed by similar extracts from mock-inoculated (uninfected) plants in the ... | 1984 | 18639798 |
| comparison of capsids and nucleocapsids from cowpea mosaic virus-infected cowpea protoplasts and seedlings. | extracts of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv)-infected cowpea (vigna unguiculata) protoplasts were applied to an anion-exchange agarose resin. both capsid-like and virion-like particles (collectively designated d-vlp) were present in the nonabsorbed fraction, although purified capsids and virions from protoplasts and from plants were absorbed irreversibly under the same conditions. the larger of the two capsid proteins, l protein, behaved similarly during electrophoretic analyses regardless of protopla ... | 1983 | 18639118 |
| the spherically averaged structures of cowpea mosaic virus components by x-ray solution scattering. | the x-ray diffraction patterns of the four components of cowpea mosaic virus isolated from a cesium chloride gradient were measured, using film methods, to 30 a resolution. diffraction patterns were analyzed by fitting computed two-shell spherical models to the observed data. the fitting procedure was applied to data to 80 a resolution to avoid the nonspherical contribution to the pattern observed at higher resolution. at ph 7.0 all four components displayed the same external spherically average ... | 1983 | 18638997 |
| the cowpea mosaic virus rna replication complex and the host-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase-template complex are functionally different. | purification of the putative cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna replicase previously started with an rna-dependent rna polymerase activity which had been solubilized from a crude membrane fraction of cpmv-infected cowpea leaves by extraction with a mg2+-deficient buffer. this led to the identification of a host-encoded, 130,000-dalton monomeric enzyme, the activity of which was highly enhanced upon infection. as the role of this enzyme in viral replication was questionable, we reverted to the templa ... | 1983 | 18638890 |
| ultrastructure of mixed plant virus infection: bean yellow mosaic virus with cowpea severe mosaic virus or cowpea mosaic virus in bean. | ultrastructural responses of bean leaf cells simultaneously infected with two morphologically distinct rna viruses, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) and bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), or cowpea severe mosaic virus (csmv) and bymv, were studied in situ. the major effects on cells infected with two viruses included: (1) association of virus group-specific cytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of each virus; (2) close association of virions into specifically arranged aggregates in which cpmv or csmv ic ... | 1983 | 18638866 |
| the synthesis and processing of the proteins of bean pod mottle virus in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. | translation of the two rna components (b-rna and m-rna) of bean pod mottle virus (bpmv) in rabbit reticulocyte lysates resulted in the formation of a specific set of proteins. among the products formed was a viral protease that catalyzed the cleavage of two precursor proteins coded by m-rna. the protease showed some specificity for bpmv proteins in that it did not cleave the proteins of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), which is related to bpmv. conversely, the synthesized bpmv precursor proteins were ... | 1982 | 18638812 |
| purification of a host-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase from cowpea mosaic virus-infected cowpea leaves. | a membrane-bound rna-dependent rna polymerase from cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv)-infected cowpea leaves (vigna unguiculata) has been purified 15,000-fold by deae-sepharose cl-6b chromatography, affinity chromatography on poly(u)-sepharose 4b, and glycerol gradient centrifugation. particularly, poly(u)-sepharose 4b chromatography was a very efficient purification step and, in addition, achieved the separation of a host-encoded terminal uridylyl transferase activity from the rna polymerase activity. ... | 1982 | 18635112 |
| similar sequences from the 5' end of cowpea mosaic virus rnas. | similar, large (n approximately 40) oligonucleotides are released from each of the two cowpea mosaic virus genomic rnas by digestion with ribonuclease t1. each large oligonucleotide was radiolabeled at the 3' end, and the nucleotide sequence was determined by base-specific partial degradation and analysis of the fragments. specific deoxyoligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of each large oligonucleotide were primers in reverse transcription reactions with intact virion rna as temp ... | 1980 | 18631723 |
| the genome-linked protein of cowpea mosaic virus is coded by rna from the bottom component. | it has recently been shown that rna from the bottom component of cowpea mosaic virus is capable of self-replication in cowpea mesophyll protoplasts, providing a tool for the investigation of the contribution of each rna strand toward viral multiplication. evidence is presented here, using this system, to show that the genome-linked protein is coded by the rna from the bottom component. as the replicase function is coded by this rna, the results remain consistent with the involvement of the genom ... | 1980 | 18631720 |
| crystalline cowpea mosaic virus. | crystals of cowpea mosaic virus displaying a high degree of order have been grown in two different forms. hexagonal crystals, space group p6(1)22 or p6(5)22 with a = 450 a and c = 1038 a containing six virus particles per cell, have been grown in sodium citrate buffer at ph 4.9. each particle has four nearest neighbors at 284 a. cubic crystals, with space group i23 and a = 308 a , containing two particles per cell were grown from ammonium sulfate at ph 4.9. in the cubic crystals, the tetrahedral ... | 1980 | 18631640 |
| lack of specificity of virus-stimulated plant rna-dependent rna polymerases. | rna-dependent rna polymerase preparations from tobacco and cowpea plants, either uninfected, or infected with tobacco necrosis or cowpea mosaic virus, were tested for their capability to bind radioactive viral or other rnas or polynucleotides. the limited binding of up to 30% of all rnas tested was found to be completely nonspecific in regard to any infecting virus, and it was nonspecifically diminished by excess of other unlabeled rnas. these data are in line with our previous conclusion that p ... | 1980 | 18631634 |
| evidence for intrastrand complementation in cowpea mosaic virus infection. | in supplementation tests both middle component (m)-rna and bottom component (b)-rna of cowpea mosaic virus mutant n142 were shown to carry mutations affecting local symptoms in bean and cowpea. the m- and b-rna mutations were separately incorporated into the two reciprocal hybrids of n142 and wild-type sb, designated as m142bsb and msbv142. mixtures of the two hybrids induced normal local symptoms in bean and cowpea as a result of reassortment of components. this was also the case with a mixture ... | 1979 | 18631625 |
| further genetic analysis of a temperature-sensitive mutant of cowpea mosaic virus. | the two reciprocal hybrids of wild-type cowpea mosaic virus (sb) and the temperature-sensitive mutant n168 were constructed. symptoms of both hybrids differed from those of the parent strains in three differential hosts indicating that n168 carries mutations in both components and that symptoms result from interactions between components. the occurrence of one or more temperature-sensitive mutations in the middle-component rna was confirmed. in vitro recombination of the hybrids yielded isolates ... | 1979 | 18631621 |
| genome-associated proteins of comoviruses. | previously, a protein has been reported to be associated with the rnas of cowpea mosaic virus. here we present evidence for genome-associated proteins of other comoviruses: squash mosaic virus, echtes ackerbohnemosaik-virus, and another strain of cowpea mosaic virus. although the proteins and protein-oligonucleotide complexes derived from the rnas of these viruses showed similar patterns of electrophoretic mobility, two-dimensional chromatograms of their tryptic peptides were distinct. chromatog ... | 1979 | 18631616 |
| replication of cowpea mosaic virus in protoplasts isolated from immune lines of cowpeas. | in previous work, some lines from a collection of cowpeas (vigna unguiculata, walp.) were found to be immune to a cowpea mosaic virus strain (cpmv-sb) under specified conditions. at 24 hr after inoculation, protoplasts from a susceptible and most immune lines were sources of similar amounts of virus, but very little virus was recovered from protoplasts of line arlington. now we have compared the responses of arlington, several other immune lines, a local lesion host (a selection out of the cowpe ... | 1979 | 18627895 |
| electron microscopy of leaves infected with sowbane mosaic virus and other small polyhedral viruses. | leaves of chenopodium amaranticolor were infected with sowbane mosaic virus (smv), sectioned and examined by electron microscopy. leaves of brassica pekinensis and c. amaranticolor were infected with turnip yellow mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus, respectively, and similarly studied. with all three viruses it was difficult, in sections, to distinguish the small isometric virus particles from ribosomes though sometimes this was possible, especially when the viruses crystallized. pretreatment ... | 1967 | 18614059 |
| [production of hepatitis b virus core particles protein in plants, by using cowpea mosaic virus-based vector]. | the core antigen of hepatitis b virus (hbcag) has attracted considerable attention as a carrier for antigenic sequences for various diagnostic and vaccine applications. the hepatitis b core protein has been expressed in different expression systems. at present, for reasons of cost, scale, and safety, the plant-based expression systems are attracting increasing interest. the expression and assembly for the hepatitis b core protein were investigating in n. benthamiana plants using the new expressi ... | 2008 | 18590129 |
| layer-by-layer assembly of viral nanoparticles and polyelectrolytes: the film architecture is different for spheres versus rods. | the development of tuneable thin film assemblies that contain (bio)nanoparticles is an emerging field in nanobiosciences/nanotechnology. our research focuses on the utilisation of viral nanoparticles (vnps) as tools and building blocks for materials science. in previous reports we studied multilayered arrays of chemically modified cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) particles and linker molecules. to extend these studies and to gain more insights into the architecture of the arrays, we report here on the ... | 2008 | 18536062 |
| cowpea mosaic virus capsid: a promising carrier for the development of carbohydrate based antitumor vaccines. | immunotherapy targeting tumor cell surface carbohydrates is a promising approach for cancer treatment. however, the low immunogenecity of carbohydrates presents a formidable challenge. we describe here the enhancement of carbohydrate immunogenicity by an ordered display on the surface of the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) capsid. the tn glycan, which is overexpressed on numerous cancer cell surfaces, was selected as the model antigen for our study. previously it has been shown that it is difficult t ... | 2008 | 18431733 |
| layer-by-layer assembly of viral capsid for cell adhesion. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv)-based thin films are biologically active for cell culture. using layer-by-layer assembly of cpmv and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), quantitatively scalable biomolecular surfaces were constructed, which were well characterized using quartz crystal microbalance, uv-vis and atomic force microscopy. the surface coverage of cpmv nanoparticles depended on the adsorption time and ph of the virus solution, with a greater amount of cpmv adsorption occurring near its is ... | 2008 | 18387348 |
| 3-d image reconstruction from averaged fourier transform magnitude by parameter estimation. | an object model and estimation procedure for three-dimensional (3-d) reconstruction of objects from measurements of the spherically averaged fourier transform magnitudes is described. the motivating application is the 3-d reconstruction of viruses based on solution x-ray scattering data. the object model includes symmetry, positivity and support constraints and has the form of a truncated orthonormal expansion and the parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood methods. successful 3-d reconst ... | 1998 | 18276221 |
| electronic properties of molecular memory circuits on a nanoscale scaffold. | significant challenges exist in assembling and interconnecting the building blocks of a nanoscale device and being able to electronically address or measure responses at the molecular level. here we demonstrate the usefulness of engineered proteins as scaffolds for bottom-up self-assembly for building nanoscale devices out of multiple components. using genetically engineered cowpea mosaic virus, modified to express cysteine residues on the capsid exterior, gold nanoparticles were attached to the ... | 2007 | 18217619 |
| assembly of multilayer arrays of viral nanoparticles via biospecific recognition: a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring study. | the development of multilayered thin film assemblies containing (bio)molecules is driven by the need to miniaturize sensors, reactors, and biochips. viral nanoparticles (vnps) have become popular nanobuilding blocks for material fabrication, and our research has focused on the well-characterized plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). in a previous study, we have reported the construction of multilayer vnp assemblies. here we extend these studies by providing further details on the formation and ... | 2008 | 18197628 |
| zeta potential: a surface electrical characteristic to probe the interaction of nanoparticles with normal and cancer human breast epithelial cells. | we demonstrate the use of surface zeta potential measurements as a new tool to investigate the interactions of iron oxide nanoparticles and cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) nanoparticles with human normal breast epithelial cells (mcf10a) and cancer breast epithelial cells (mcf7) respectively. a substantial understanding in the interaction of nanoparticles with normal and cancer cells in vitro will enable the capabilities of improving diagnostic and treatment methods in cancer research, such as imaging ... | 2008 | 18165903 |
| comparison of electrical properties of viruses studied by ac capacitance scanning probe microscopy. | capacitances of five types of viruses, adenovirus type 5 (av5), herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1), simian virus 40 (sv40), vaccinia (mva), and cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), were compared by ac capacitance scanning probe microscopy. this technique, using a pt-coated afm tip as an electrode to probe capacitance of materials between the tip and a bottom electrode, has been applied to study surface structures of semiconductors and polymers with nanometer spatial resolution; however, biological sample ... | 2008 | 18092777 |
| expression of multiple proteins using full-length and deleted versions of cowpea mosaic virus rna-2. | the use of multiple copies of vectors based on either full-length or deleted versions of cowpea mosaic virus rna-2 for the production of heteromeric proteins in plants was investigated. co-infiltration of two full-length rna-2 constructs containing different marker genes into nicotiana benthamiana in the presence of rna-1 showed that the two foreign proteins were efficiently expressed within the same cell in inoculated tissue. furthermore, the proteins were co-localized to the same subcellular c ... | 2008 | 17986176 |
| folic acid-mediated targeting of cowpea mosaic virus particles to tumor cells. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is a well-characterized nanoparticle that has been used for a variety of nanobiotechnology applications. cpmv interacts with several mammalian cell lines and tissues in vivo. to overcome natural cpmv targeting and redirect cpmv particles to cells of interest, we attached a folic acid-peg conjugate by using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. pegylation of cpmv completely eliminated background binding of the virus to tumor cells. the peg-folate moi ... | 2007 | 17961827 |
| induction of protective immunity in swine by recombinant bamboo mosaic virus expressing foot-and-mouth disease virus epitopes. | plant viruses can be employed as versatile vectors for the production of vaccines by expressing immunogenic epitopes on the surface of chimeric viral particles. although several viruses, including tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus x and cowpea mosaic virus, have been developed as vectors, we aimed to develop a new viral vaccine delivery system, a bamboo mosaic virus (bamv), that would carry larger transgene loads, and generate better immunity in the target animals with fewer adverse environment ... | 2007 | 17900346 |
| utilisation of plant viruses in bionanotechnology. | bionanoscience/technology sits at the interface of chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, engineering and medicine and involves the exploitation of biomaterials, devices or methodologies on the nanoscale. one sub-field of bionanoscience/technology is concerned with the exploitation of biomaterials in the fabrication of new nano-materials and/or -devices. in this perspective we describe examples of how plant viruses, focusing particularly on cowpea mosaic virus, a naturally occurring pre ... | 2007 | 17728853 |
| development of a novel recombinant encapsidated rna particle: evaluation as an internal control for diagnostic rt-pcr. | this report describes the generation of novel encapsidated rna particles and their evaluation as in-tube internal controls in diagnostic real-time reverse-transcription pcr (rrt-pcr) assays for the detection of rna viruses. a cassette containing sequences of 2 diagnostic primer sets for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and a set for swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) was engineered into a full-length cdna clone containing the rna-2 segment of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). after co-inoculation ... | 2007 | 17727966 |
| anti-carbohydrate antibodies elicited by polyvalent display on a viral scaffold. | tetra- and hexasaccharides were arrayed on the exterior surface of cowpea mosaic virus by using a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. inoculation of chickens with these virus conjugates gave rise to large quantities of polyclonal anti-glycan igy antibodies that displayed excellent avidity and specificity on analysis with printed glycan microarrays. avian igy antibodies are produced in significantly higher yield than is possible for mouse or rabbit igg, and exhibit reduced cross ... | 2007 | 17676704 |
| chemical introduction of reactive thiols into a viral nanoscaffold: a method that avoids virus aggregation. | the use of viral nanoparticles (vnps) as building blocks for material fabrication has received particular attention in recent years. in earlier studies we showed the applicability of native gel electrophoresis in an agarose matrix as a useful method for the characterization of chemically modified vnps. here, we extend these studies and analyze the observed band pattern of intact cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) vnps in agarose gels and show the applicability of native agarose gels for monitoring inter ... | 2007 | 17526061 |
| bio-distribution, toxicity and pathology of cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles in vivo. | virus-based nanoparticles (vnps) from a variety of sources are being developed for biomedical and nanotechnology applications that include tissue targeting and drug delivery. however, the fate of most of those particles in vivo has not been investigated. cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), a plant comovirus, has been found to be amenable to the attachment of a variety of molecules to its coat protein, as well as to modification of the coat protein sequence by genetic means. we report here the results of ... | 2007 | 17512998 |
| an antibody derivative expressed from viral vectors passively immunizes pigs against transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection when supplied orally in crude plant extracts. | to investigate the potential of antibody derivatives to provide passive protection against enteric infections when supplied orally in crude plant extracts, we have expressed a small immune protein (sip) in plants using two different plant virus vectors based on potato virus x (pvx) and cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). the epsilonsip molecule consisted of a single-chain antibody (scfv) specific for the porcine coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) linked to the epsilon-ch4 domain from ... | 2006 | 17309733 |
| inactivation and purification of cowpea mosaic virus-like particles displaying peptide antigens from bacillus anthracis. | chimeric cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) particles displaying foreign peptide antigens on the particle surface are suitable for development of peptide-based vaccines. however, commonly used peg precipitation-based purification methods are not sufficient for production of high quality vaccine candidates because they do not allow for separation of chimeric particles from cleaved contaminating species. moreover, the purified particles remain infectious to plants. to advance the cpmv technology further, ... | 2007 | 17227681 |
| decoration of cowpea mosaic virus with multiple, redox-active, organometallic complexes. | 2006 | 17193081 | |
| a bipartite system for the constitutive and inducible expression of high levels of foreign proteins in plants. | we have developed combined transgene/virus vector systems for the expression of heterologous proteins in plants. the systems are based on the bipartite rna plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), and involve the amplification of integrated copies of either full-length or deleted versions of rna-2 carrying a foreign gene. in the case of plants transgenic for full-length versions of rna-2 carrying the green fluorescent protein (gfp), amplification can be achieved by supplying rna-1 either exogeno ... | 2006 | 17177795 |
| interaction between a 54-kilodalton mammalian cell surface protein and cowpea mosaic virus. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), a plant virus that is a member of the picornavirus superfamily, is increasingly being used for nanotechnology applications, including material science, vascular imaging, vaccine development, and targeted drug delivery. for these applications, it is critical to understand the in vivo interactions of cpmv within the mammalian system. although the bioavailability of cpmv in the mouse has been demonstrated, the specific interactions between cpmv and mammalian cells need t ... | 2007 | 17121801 |
| sobemoviruses possess a common cfmv-like genomic organization. | based on structural differences in the orf2 region, the sobemoviruses have been subdivided into southern cowpea mosaic virus (scpmv)-like and cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv)-like types of genome organization. however, nearly identical amino acid sequences are encoded by these subgroups in different reading frames of orf2, suggesting that insertion or deletion of appropriate nucleotides could restore similar genomic organizations for these viruses. we resequenced the regions of inconsistency for is ... | 2007 | 17115301 |
| plant viral capsids as nanobuilding blocks: construction of arrays on solid supports. | the virions of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) can be regarded as programmable nanobuilding blocks with a diameter of approximately 28 nm. the particles display a number of features that can be exploited for nanoscale material fabrication. in this study we use the virus-derived building blocks for construction of arrays on solid supports. biotin-modified cpmv particles are used with streptavidin as a linker molecule in order to enable self-assembly of arrays from the surface up by a layer-by-layer ap ... | 2006 | 17106996 |
| an engineered virus as a bright fluorescent tag and scaffold for cargo proteins--capture and transport by gliding microtubules. | we have demonstrated substantial capture and transport of fluorescently-labeled engineered cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) using drosophila kinesin-driven microtubules (mts). the capture occurred through both neutravidin (na)-biotin and antibody (igg)-antigen interactions. the mts were derivatized with rabbit anti-chicken igg or biotin, and the virus was conjugated with chicken igg or na. the cpmv conjugate was introduced into standard mt motility assays via convective flow at concentrations as high ... | 2006 | 17037855 |
| use of virus vectors for the expression in plants of active full-length and single chain anti-coronavirus antibodies. | to extend the potential of antibodies and their derivatives to provide passive protection against enteric infections when supplied orally in crude plant extracts, we have expressed both a small immune protein (sip) and a full-length antibody in plants using two different plant virus vectors based on potato virus x (pvx) and cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). the alphasip molecule consisted of a single chain antibody (scfv) specific for the porcine coronavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) ... | 2006 | 17004304 |
| physical controls on directed virus assembly at nanoscale chemical templates. | viruses are attractive building blocks for nanoscale heterostructures, but little is understood about the physical principles governing their directed assembly. in situ force microscopy was used to investigate organization of cowpea mosaic virus engineered to bind specifically and reversibly at nanoscale chemical templates with sub-30 nm features. morphological evolution and assembly kinetics were measured as virus flux and inter-viral potential were varied. the resulting morphologies were simil ... | 2006 | 16910675 |
| generation and structural analysis of reactive empty particles derived from an icosahedral virus. | chemical and genetic modifications on the surface of viral protein cages confer unique properties to the virus particles with potential nano and biotechnological applications. the enclosed space in the interior of the virus particles further increases its versatility as a nanomaterial. in this paper, we report a simple method to generate a high yield of stable cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) empty capsids from their native nucleoprotein counterparts by removing the encapsidated viral genome without c ... | 2006 | 16873025 |
| a site-directed mutagenesis method utilising large double-stranded dna templates for the simultaneous introduction of multiple changes and sequential multiple rounds of mutation: application to the study of whole viral genomes. | a new technique for conducting site-directed mutagenesis was developed. this method allows the colour selection of mutants through the simultaneous activation or deactivation of the alpha-peptide of beta-galactosidase. double-stranded dna plasmids containing large inserts (at least 6.4 kbp in the present experiments) can be used as the mutational template. the method can efficiently create mutations at multiple sites simultaneously and can be used to perform multiple rounds of mutation on the sa ... | 2006 | 16857273 |
| inhibition of cleavage of a plant viral polyprotein by an inhibitor activity present in wheat germ and cowpea embryos. | in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, the bottom component rna of cowpea mosaic virus directs the synthesis of a 200,000-molecular-weight precursor protein (200k protein) that is cleaved during synthesis by a reticulocyte enzyme to form a 32k protein and a 170k protein. cleavage of the 200k protein was found to be effectively inhibited by inhibitor activity in wheat germ and cowpea embryo extracts. the inhibitor was nondialyzable, precipitatable by ammonium sulfate, and partially stable at high tempera ... | 1987 | 16789263 |
| detection of a novel protein encoded by the bottom-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus, using antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide. | a peptide was synthesized that corresponded to a sequence in the cowpea mosaic virus bottom-component rna-encoded 200-kilodalton polyprotein showing homology to the picornaviral 3c proteases. by injecting a rabbit with this peptide, antibodies were obtained that allowed the detection of a novel viral protein derived from the 200-kilodalton polyprotein. this protein, which had a size of 24 kilodaltons was found in both infected cowpea leaves and cowpea protoplasts. | 1987 | 16789262 |
| determination of the proteolytic processing sites in the polyprotein encoded by the bottom-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus. | the bottom-component rna (b-rna) of cowpea mosaic virus is expressed by the production of a approximately 200,000-dalton polyprotein (200k polyprotein), from which the functional proteins are formed by specific proteolytic cleavages. partial amino-terminal sequences of the various b-rna-encoded proteins have now been determined. comparison of the information obtained with the b-rna sequence allowed the localization of the coding regions for these proteins on b-rna, the calculation of their preci ... | 1986 | 16789257 |
| evidence that the 32,000-dalton protein encoded by bottom-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus is a proteolytic processing enzyme. | translation of middle-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus in vitro produced two polypeptides of 95 and 105 kilodaltons (95k and 105k, respectively) with overlapping amino acid sequences, which were specifically cleaved by a protease encoded by the bottom-component rna. the proteolytic cleavage was studied by the addition of antibodies raised against various bottom-component rna-encoded proteins to extracts prepared from bottom-component rna-inoculated cowpea protoplasts. since antiserum to the ... | 1984 | 16789248 |
| orientation of the cleavage map of the 200-kilodalton polypeptide encoded by the bottom-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus. | the genomic organization of the bottom-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus was studied. in vivo, this rna encodes at least eight different polypeptides of 170, 110, 87, 84, 60, 58, 32, and 4 kilodaltons (k), the last polypeptide representing the genome-bound protein vpg. in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, bottom-component rna is translated into a 200k polypeptide which is then processed to give the 32 and 170k polypeptides also found in vivo. by pulse-labeling the 200k primary translation product, ... | 1983 | 16789243 |
| cowpea mosaic virus-encoded protease does not recognize primary translation products of m rnas from other comoviruses. | the protease encoded by the large (b) rna segment of cowpea mosaic virus was tested for its ability to recognize the in vitro translation products of the small (m) rna segment from the comoviruses squash mosaic virus, red clover mottle virus, and cowpea severe mosaic virus (cpsmv, strains dg and ark), and from the nepovirus tomato black ring virus. like m rna from cowpea mosaic virus, the m rnas from squash mosaic virus, red clover mottle virus, cpsmv-dg, and cpsmv-ark were all translated into t ... | 1982 | 16789228 |
| expression of the bottom-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus: evidence that the 60-kilodalton vpg precursor is cleaved into single vpg and a 58-kilodalton polypeptide. | in cowpea protoplasts infected with cowpea mosaic virus, a bottom-component (b) rna-encoded 60-kilodalton (60k) polypeptide is synthesized, which is membrane-bound and represents the direct precursor to the genome-bound protein vpg. the relationship between this vpg precursor and other b-rna-encoded polypeptides was studied. digestion of the b-rna-encoded 170k and 84k polypeptides with staphylococcus aureus protease v8 and subsequent analysis of the generated peptides with antiserum against vpg ... | 1982 | 16789223 |
| antibodies against the genome-linked protein vpg of cowpea mosaic virus recognize a 60,000-dalton precursor polypeptide. | we have prepared a rabbit antiserum specifically directed against the genome-linked protein (vpg) of cowpea mosaic virus by injecting an hydrolysate of purified virion rna. using this antiserum as a probe in combination with "western" (protein) blots of subcellular fractions of cowpea mosaic virus-infected cowpea (vigna unguiculata) cells, we have detected a bottom component rna-encoded, 60,000-dalton polypeptide which is membrane bound and presumably represents the immediate precursor of vpg. | 1982 | 16789217 |
| expression of middle-component rna of cowpea mosaic virus: in vitro generation of a precursor to both capsid proteins by a bottom-component rna-encoded protease from infected cells. | the expression of the middle-component (m) rna of cowpea mosaic virus was studied by means of in vitro translation. in both the wheat germ extract and the rabbit reticulocyte lysate, m rna was translated into two overlapping polypeptides of 95 and 105 kilodaltons. incubation of these polypeptides with 30,000 x g supernatant fractions from cowpea mesophyll protoplasts inoculated with complete virus or with separate bottom (b) components alone resulted in extensive processing, yielding polypeptide ... | 1982 | 16789216 |
| expression of bottom component rna of cowpea mosaic virus in cowpea protoplasts. | upon inoculation of cowpea protoplasts with the bottom component of cowpea mosaic virus, at least six virus-induced proteins (with sizes of 170, 110, 87, 84, 60, and 32 kilodaltons) are synthesized, but not the capsid proteins (37 and 23 kilodaltons). these bottom-component-induced proteins were studied with respect to their genetic origin and mode of synthesis. the analyses were based on their electrophoretic peptide patterns resulting from partial digestion with staphylococcus aureus protease ... | 1980 | 16789203 |
| in vitro replication of cowpea mosaic virus rna iii. template recognition by cowpea mosaic virus rna replicase. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna replicase has been purified about 200-fold from cpmv-infected vigna unguiculata leaves. optimal reaction conditions for replicase activity have been established that allow rna synthesis to proceed for at least 15 h. using a polymerase assay under conditions optimal for cpmv rna-directed rna synthesis, all natural rna species tested appeared to be able to direct the incorporation of labeled ribonucleotides, whereas synthetic homoribopolymers were either inactive or ... | 1979 | 16789172 |
| characterization of the 3' termini of the rnas of cowpea mosaic virus. | a sequence of polyadenylic acid, homogeneous in composition but heterogeneous in length, was isolated from complete pancreatic rnase digests of both middle and bottom rnas of cowpea mosaic virus. the polyadenylic acid was 3'-terminal and occurred once per molecule. a fragment consisting of the polyadenylic acid and approximately the next 25 nucleotides could be isolated from complete t1 rnase digests of either rna. the region adjacent to the polyadenylic acid in both rnas was rich in pyrimidines ... | 1978 | 16789170 |
| the potential of plant virus vectors for vaccine production. | plants viruses are versatile vectors that allow the rapid and convenient production of recombinant proteins in plants. compared with production systems based on transgenic plants, viral vectors are easier to manipulate and recombinant proteins can be produced more quickly and in greater yields. over the last few years, there has been much interest in the development of plant viruses as vectors for the production of vaccines, either as whole polypeptides or epitopes displayed on the surface of ch ... | 2006 | 16784246 |
| purification of cowpea mosaic virus rna replication complex: identification of a virus-encoded 110,000-dalton polypeptide responsible for rna chain elongation. | an endogenous cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna-protein complex (cpmv replication complex) capable of elongating in vitro preexisting nascent chains to full-length viral rnas has been solubilized from the membrane fraction of cpmv-infected cowpea leaves using triton x-100 and purified by sepharose 2b chromatography and glycerol gradient centrifugation in the presence of triton x-100. analysis of the polypeptide composition of the complex by nadod-so(4)/page and silver staining revealed major polype ... | 1984 | 16593443 |
| cowpea mosaic virus for material fabrication: addressable carboxylate groups on a programmable nanoscaffold. | for the first time, decoration of surface-exposed carboxylate groups on cowpea mosaic virus particles is reported, thus increasing the number and types of addressable surface groups on this nanoscaffold. first, the addressabilty of carboxylates was demonstrated using a carboxylate-selective fluorescent dye, n-cyclohexyl-n'-(4-(dimethylamino)naphthyl)carbodiimide. second, it was shown that the virions can be decorated with approximately 180 redox active, methyl(aminopropyl)viologen moieties by co ... | 2006 | 16584217 |
| viral nanoparticles as tools for intravital vascular imaging. | a significant impediment to the widespread use of noninvasive in vivo vascular imaging techniques is the current lack of suitable intravital imaging probes. we describe here a new strategy to use viral nanoparticles as a platform for the multivalent display of fluorescent dyes to image tissues deep inside living organisms. the bioavailable cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) can be fluorescently labeled to high densities with no measurable quenching, resulting in exceptionally bright particles with in vi ... | 2006 | 16501571 |
| in vitro expression of a full-length dna copy of cowpea mosaic virus b rna: identification of the b rna encoded 24-kd protein as a viral protease. | double-stranded cdna was synthesized from b component rna of cowpea mosaic virus and cloned into appropriate vectors. using four clones, together representing the entire b rna sequence, a full-length dna copy was constructed and subsequently positioned downstream of a phage sp6 or t7 promoter. rna molecules transcribed from this full-size dna copy using sp6 or t7 rna polymerase were efficiently translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates into a 200-kd polypeptide similar to rna isolated from viral ... | 1987 | 16453750 |
| cowpea mosaic virus vpg: sequencing of radiochemically modified protein allows mapping of the gene on b rna. | a partial amino acid sequence of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) vpg radiochemically modified by chloramine-t and bolton-hunter reagent has been determined. vpg covalently bound to viral rna chains (vpg-rna) was iodinated with chloramine-t and bolton-hunter reagent to label tyrosine and lysine residues, respectively. [i]vpg-rna was digested with nuclease p1 and the resulting [i]vpg-pu was purified by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to automated edman degradation. control experime ... | 1984 | 16453534 |
| homologous sequences in non-structural proteins from cowpea mosaic virus and picornaviruses. | computer analyses have revealed sequence homology between two non-structural proteins encoded by cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), and corresponding proteins encoded by two picornaviruses, poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus. a region of 535 amino acids in the 87-k polypeptide from cpmv was found to be homologous to the rna-dependent rna polymerases from both picornaviruses, the best matches being found where the picornaviral proteins most resemble each other. additionally, the 58-k polypeptid ... | 1984 | 16453518 |
| the nucleotide sequence of cowpea mosaic virus b rna. | the complete sequence of the bottom component rna (b rna) of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) has been determined. restriction enzyme fragments of double-stranded cdna were cloned in m13 and the sequence of the inserts was determined by a combination of enzymatic and chemical sequencing techniques. additional sequence information was obtained by primed synthesis on first strand cdna. the complete sequence deduced is 5889 nucleotides long excluding the 3' poly(a), and contains an open reading frame suf ... | 1983 | 16453487 |
| cell-to-cell movement of alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of ilar-, bromo-, cucumo-, tobamo- and comoviruses and does not require virion formation. | rna 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) encodes the movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp). chimeric rna 3 with the amv mp gene replaced by the corresponding mp gene of prunus necrotic ringspot virus, brome mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus or cowpea mosaic virus efficiently moved from cell-to-cell only when the expressed mp was extended at its c-terminus with the c-terminal 44 amino acids of amv mp. mp of tobacco mosaic virus supported the movement of the chimeric rna 3 whether or not the mp ... | 2006 | 16316673 |
| accelerated bioorthogonal conjugation: a practical method for the ligation of diverse functional molecules to a polyvalent virus scaffold. | covalent bond formation to proteins is made difficult by their multiple unprotected functional groups and normally low concentrations. a water-soluble sulfonated bathophenanthroline ligand (2) was used to promote a highly efficient cu(i)-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition (cuaac) reaction for the chemoselective attachment of biologically relevant molecules to cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). the ligated substrates included complex sugars, peptides, poly(ethylene oxide) polymers, and the iron carrier ... | 2015 | 16287257 |
| development of cowpea mosaic virus-based vectors for the production of vaccines in plants. | plant viruses are emerging as an attractive alternative to stable genetic transformation for the expression of foreign proteins in plants. the main advantages of using this strategy are that viral genomes are small and easy to manipulate, infection of plants with modified viruses is simpler and quicker than the regeneration of stably transformed plants and the sequence inserted into a virus vector will be highly amplified. one use of these virus expression systems is for vaccine production. amon ... | 2005 | 16221070 |
| a cowpea mosaic virus nanoscaffold for multiplexed antibody conjugation: application as an immunoassay tracer. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), an icosahedral 30 nm virus, offers a uniquely programmable biological nanoscaffold. this study reports initial optimization of the simultaneous modification of two cpmv mutants with alexafluor 647 fluorescent dyes and either igg proteins or antibodies at specific sites on the virus scaffold. the capacity of cpmv as a simultaneous carrier for different types of molecules was demonstrated, specifically, when applied as a tracer in direct and sandwich immunoassays. the a ... | 2006 | 16216488 |
| systemic trafficking of plant virus nanoparticles in mice via the oral route. | the plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), is increasingly being used as a nanoparticle platform for multivalent display of peptides. a growing variety of applications have employed the cpmv display technology including vaccines, antiviral therapeutics, nanoblock chemistry, and materials science. cpmv chimeras can be inexpensively produced from experimentally infected cowpea plants and are completely stable at 37 degrees c and low ph, suggesting that they could be used as edible or mucosally-d ... | 2005 | 16185741 |
| the use of viral vectors to produce hepatitis b virus core particles in plants. | the expression and assembly of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) nucleocapsid protein (hbcag) were investigated in plants using viral vectors. constructs based on either potato virus x (pvx) or cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) containing the sequence of hbcag were able to infect the appropriate host plants and remained genetically stable during infection. analysis of hbcag expression revealed that the protein can self-assemble into core-like particles and that the assembled material could be partially purif ... | 2006 | 16112207 |
| the mechanism of high-pressure-induced ordering in a macromolecular crystal. | a previous study showed that the diffraction from cubic crystals of an icosahedral virus, cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), was dramatically improved under elevated hydrostatic pressure. this use of pressure may have a significant impact on structural biology if it is found to be generally applicable. there were two types of cubic crystals assigned in either an i23 or p23 space group. they show the same rhombic dodecahedral morphology at atmospheric pressure. the crystals assigned to the i23 space gro ... | 2005 | 15930631 |
| decoration of discretely immobilized cowpea mosaic virus with luminescent quantum dots. | this report describes two related methods for decorating cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) with luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, qds). variants of cpmv are immobilized on a substrate functionalized with neutravidin using modifications of biotin-avidin binding chemistry in combination with metal affinity coordination. for example, using cpmv mutants expressing available 6-histidine sequences inserted at loops on the viral coat protein, we show that these virus particles can be speci ... | 2005 | 15924481 |
| a virus-based nanoblock with tunable electrostatic properties. | five different "his tag" mutants of cowpea mosaic virus were made by genetically introducing six contiguous histidine residues at various locations on the virus capsid. the mutant particles showed differential affinity for binding nickel, and their electrostatic properties could be controlled as a function of the protonation state of the exposed histidine sequence. the specific addressability of the his tag was corroborated by the selective modification of the histidine sequence with nanogold cr ... | 2005 | 15826093 |
| cowpea mosaic virus-based systems for the production of antigens and antibodies in plants. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is a bipartite rna plant virus which has proved to be useful both for epitope presentation and as a polypeptide expression system. for epitope presentation, short antigenic sequences are expressed on the surface of the assembled virus. chimaeric virus particles produced in this way can stimulate protective immunity in experimental animals. for polypeptide expression, we have created a vector in which foreign sequences can be inserted near the 3' end of rna-2 and have s ... | 2005 | 15734042 |
| the first crystal structure of a macromolecular assembly under high pressure: cpmv at 330 mpa. | the structure of cubic cowpea mosaic virus crystals, compressed at 330 mpa in a diamond anvil cell, was refined at 2.8 a from data collected using ultrashort-wavelength (0.331 a) synchrotron radiation. with respect to the structure at atmospheric pressure, order is increased with lower debye waller factors and a larger number of ordered water molecules. hydrogen-bond lengths are on average shorter and the cavity volume is strongly reduced. a tentative mechanistic explanation is given for the coe ... | 2005 | 15731378 |
| studies on the origin and structure of tubules made by the movement protein of cowpea mosaic virus. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) moves from cell to cell by transporting virus particles via tubules formed through plasmodesmata by the movement protein (mp). on the surface of protoplasts, a fusion between the mp and the green fluorescent protein forms similar tubules and peripheral punctate spots. here it was shown by time-lapse microscopy that tubules can grow out from a subset of these peripheral punctate spots, which are dynamic structures that seem anchored to the plasma membrane. fluorescence ... | 2004 | 15557252 |
| surface-exposed c-terminal amino acids of the small coat protein of cowpea mosaic virus are required for suppression of silencing. | the small (s) coat protein of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) has been identified previously as a virus-encoded suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs). deletions within the c-terminal 24 aa of this protein affect the yield and systemic spread of the virus, suggesting that the c-terminal amino acids of the s protein, which are exposed on the surface of assembled virus particles, may be responsible for the suppressor activity. to investigate this, versions of cpmv rna-2 with deletions ... | 2004 | 15483261 |
| separation and recovery of intact gold-virus complex by agarose electrophoresis and electroelution: application to the purification of cowpea mosaic virus and colloidal gold complex. | colloidal gold has been coupled to a mutant cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), which contains 60 cysteine residues on the surface. a purification process was developed to separate the gold-containing viral nanoblocks (vnbs) from the free gold. agarose electrophoresis was utilized to separate the mixture followed by electroelution of the desired sample to recover the intact virus. mobility of au-vnb and free colloidal gold was facilitated by the addition of thioctic acid (ta). 30% of the gold-containing ... | 2004 | 15349927 |
| chemical conjugation of heterologous proteins on the surface of cowpea mosaic virus. | genetic economy leads to symmetric distributions of chemically identical subunits in icosaherdal and helical viruses. modification of the subunit genes of a variety of viruses has permitted the display of polypeptides on both the infectious virions and virus particles made in expression systems. icosahedral chimeric particles of this type often display novel properties resulting in high local concentrations of the insert. here we report an extension of this concept in which entire proteins were ... | 2004 | 15264868 |
| new addresses on an addressable virus nanoblock; uniquely reactive lys residues on cowpea mosaic virus. | cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is a robust, icosahedrally symmetric platform successfully used for attaching a variety of molecular substrates including proteins, fluorescent labels, and metals. the symmetric distribution and high local concentration of the attached molecules generates novel properties for the 30 nm particles. we report new cpmv reagent particles generated by systematic replacement of surface lysines with arginine residues. the relative reactivity of each lysine on the native partic ... | 2004 | 15217618 |
| cowpea mosaic virus rna-1 acts as an amplicon whose effects can be counteracted by a rna-2-encoded suppressor of silencing. | lines of nicotiana benthamiana transgenic for full-length copies of both cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) genomic rnas, either singly or together, have been produced. plants transgenic for both rnas developed symptoms characteristic of a cpmv infection. when plants transgenic for rna-1 were agro-inoculated with rna-2, no infection developed and the plants were also resistant to challenge with cpmv. by contrast, plants transgenic for rna-2 became infected when agro-inoculated with rna-1 and were fully ... | 2004 | 15165817 |
| crosslinking of and coupling to viral capsid proteins by tyrosine oxidation. | cowpea mosaic virus is composed of 60 identical copies of a two-subunit protein organized in pentameric assemblies around the icosahedral 5-fold symmetry axis. treatment of the virus with the ni(ii) complex of the tripeptide ggh and a peroxide oxidant, or irradiation in the presence of ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and persulfate generates covalent crosslinks across the pentameric subunit boundaries, effectively stitching the subunits together. intersubunit crosslinking was found to occur exclusively at adjace ... | 2004 | 15123261 |
| the movement protein of cowpea mosaic virus binds gtp and single-stranded nucleic acid in vitro. | the movement protein (mp) of cowpea mosaic virus forms tubules in plasmodesmata to enable the transport of mature virions. here it is shown that the mp is capable of specifically binding riboguanosine triphosphate and that mutational analysis suggests that gtp binding plays a role in the targeted transport of the mp. furthermore, the mp is capable of binding both single-stranded rna and single-stranded dna in a non-sequence-specific manner, and the gtp- and rna-binding sites do not overlap. | 2004 | 14722313 |
| expression & immunogenicity of malaria merozoite peptides displayed on the small coat protein of chimaeric cowpea mosaic virus. | foreign peptide sequences can be inserted into the betab-betac loop of the cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) small coat protein (scp) to yield functional chimaeric viruses. immunisation with chimaeric cpmv elicits immune responses that protect against human immunodeficiency and mink enteritis viruses. the present study was undertaken to investigate the expression of a b cell epitope from the merozoite surface antigen-1 of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum (pfmsp1) in cpmv for an epitope based ... | 2003 | 14700344 |
| reduction of bladder cancer cell growth in response to hcgbeta ctp37 vaccinated mouse serum. | the free beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcgbeta) is well established as an ectopic product of epithelial tumors. originally explained as an epi-phenomenon, hcgbeta production by many types of carcinoma is increasingly regarded as a significant tumor event. studies in bladder cancer have shown that hcgbeta production, while not diagnostic, is a very good indicator for poor prognosis through correlations with resistance to radiotherapy and rapid metastasis. these clinical findings ... | 2003 | 14649543 |
| identification of distinct steps during tubule formation by the movement protein of cowpea mosaic virus. | the movement protein (mp) of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) forms tubules through plasmodesmata in infected plants thus enabling virus particles to move from cell to cell. localization studies of mutant mps fused to gfp in protoplasts and plants identified several functional domains within the mp that are involved in distinct steps during tubule formation. coinoculation experiments and the observation that one of the c-terminal deletion mutants accumulated uniformly in the plasma membrane suggest th ... | 2003 | 14645930 |