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from immunity to susceptibility: virus resistance induced in tomato by a silenced transgene is lost as tgs overcomes ptgs.tomato line 30.4 was obtained engineering the nucleocapsid (n) gene of tomato spotted wilt virus into plant genome, and immunity to tomato spotted wilt virus infection of its self-pollinated homozygous progeny was observed. despite the presence of a high amount of transgenic transcripts, transgenic proteins have not been detected, suggesting a mechanism of resistance mediated by rna. in the present study, we identify post-transcriptional gene silencing as the main mechanism of resistance, which ...201323738576
expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic study of the nucleocapsid protein of tomato spotted wilt virus.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), which causes severe damage to various agricultural crops such as tomato, pepper, lettuce and peanut, is a negative-stranded rna virus belonging to the tospovirus genus of the bunyaviridae family. viral genomic rna molecules are packaged in the form of ribonucleoprotein complexes, each of which contains one viral rna molecule that is coated with many nucleocapsid (n) proteins. here, the expression and crystallization of tswv n protein are reported. native and sel ...201323722858
phylogenetic and recombination analysis of tomato spotted wilt virus.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) severely damages and reduces the yield of many economically important plants worldwide. in this study, we determined the whole-genome sequences of 10 tswv isolates recently identified from various regions and hosts in korea. phylogenetic analysis of these 10 isolates as well as the three previously sequenced isolates indicated that the 13 korean tswv isolates could be divided into two groups reflecting either two different origins or divergences of korean tswv is ...201323696821
genetic and host-associated differentiation within thrips tabaci lindeman (thysanoptera: thripidae) and its links to tomato spotted wilt virus-vector competence.of eight thelytokous populations of onion thrips (thrips tabaci) collected from potato (three populations), onion (four) or chrysanthemum (one) hosts from various regions of australia, only those from potato were capable of transmitting tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in controlled transmission experiments. genetic differentiation of seven of these eight populations, and nine others not tested for tswv vector competence, was examined by comparison of the dna sequences of mitochondrial cytochrom ...201323632893
oxylipin biosynthesis genes positively regulate programmed cell death during compatible infections with the synergistic pair potato virus x-potato virus y and tomato spotted wilt virus.one of the most severe symptoms caused by compatible plant-virus interactions is systemic necrosis, which shares common attributes with the hypersensitive response to incompatible pathogens. although several studies have identified viral symptom determinants responsible for systemic necrosis, mechanistic models of how they contribute to necrosis in infected plants remain scarce. here, we examined the involvement of different branches of the oxylipin biosynthesis pathway in the systemic necrosis ...201323487466
development of a real-time fluorescent quantitative pcr assay for detection of impatiens necrotic spot virus.impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv) is an important plant virus that can cause severe disease in various ornamental and agricultural crops. several species of thrips transmit insv, of which the western flower thrip (frankliniella occidentalis) is the most important. in this study, primers and taqman probes based on insv non-structural protein gene sequences were designed, and a technique was developed for detecting insv using fluorescent quantitative rt-pcr. the reproducibility, specificity and ...201323466630
de novo transcriptome sequencing in frankliniella occidentalis to identify genes involved in plant virus transmission and insecticide resistance.the western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis, a world-wide invasive insect, causes agricultural damage by directly feeding and by indirectly vectoring tospoviruses, such as tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). we characterized the transcriptome of wft and analyzed global gene expression of wft response to tswv infection using illumina sequencing platform. we compiled 59,932 unigenes, and identified 36,339 unigenes by similarity analysis against public databases, most of which were an ...201323434629
identification of expressed resistance gene analogs from peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) expressed sequence tags.low genetic diversity makes peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) very vulnerable to plant pathogens, causing severe yield loss and reduced seed quality. several hundred partial genomic dna sequences as nucleotide-binding-site leucine-rich repeat (nbs-lrr) resistance genes (r) have been identified, but a small portion with expressed transcripts has been found. we aimed to identify resistance gene analogs (rgas) from peanut expressed sequence tags (ests) and to develop polymorphic markers. the protein seq ...201323384141
thrips tabaci population genetic structure and polyploidy in relation to competency as a vector of tomato spotted wilt virus.knowledge of population-level genetic differences can help explain variation among populations of insect vectors in their role in the epidemiology of specific viruses. variation in competency to transmit tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) that exists among populations of thrips tabaci has been associated with the presence of cryptic species that exhibit different modes of reproduction and host ranges. however, recent findings suggest that vector competency of t. tabaci at any given location depend ...201323365671
tsw gene-based resistance is triggered by a functional rna silencing suppressor protein of the tomato spotted wilt virus.as a result of contradictory reports, the avirulence (avr) determinant that triggers tsw gene-based resistance in capsicum annuum against the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is still unresolved. here, the n and nss genes of resistance-inducing (ri) and resistance-breaking (rb) isolates were cloned and transiently expressed in resistant capsicum plants to determine the identity of the avr protein. it was shown that the nss(ri) protein triggered a hypersensitive response (hr) in tsw-containing ca ...201323360130
specific insect-virus interactions are responsible for variation in competency of different thrips tabaci isolines to transmit different tomato spotted wilt virus isolates.local adaptation between sympatric host and parasite populations driven by vector genetics appears to be a factor that influences dynamics of disease epidemics and evolution of insect-vectored viruses. although t. tabaci is the primary vector of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in some areas of the world, it is not an important vector of this economically important plant virus in many areas where it occurs. previous studies suggest that genetic variation of thrips populations, virus isolates, or ...201323358707
[expression and subcellular location of nsm protein of tomato spotted wilt virus in plant and insect cells].expression and subcellular location of nsm protein of tomato spotted wilt virus were studied using plant and insect cells.201223173432
effectiveness of combining resistance to thielaviopsis basicola and tomato spotted wilt virus in haploid tobacco genotypes.black root rot (brr) caused by thielaviopsis basicola as well as tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) are the most serious problems in tobacco growing regions. we crossed the breeding line wgl 3 carrying brr resistance derived from n.glauca with the line pw-834 the resistance of which to tswv was transferred from cultivar polalta. anthers obtained from f(1) hybrid plants were cultured to induce haploids combining resistance to th. basicola and tswv. flow cytometry analysis revealed 242 haploids and ...201123136476
complementation between two tospoviruses facilitates the systemic movement of a plant virus silencing suppressor in an otherwise restrictive host.new viruses pathogenic to plants continue to emerge due to mutation, recombination, or reassortment among genomic segments among individual viruses. tospoviruses cause significant economic damage to a wide range of crops in many parts of the world. the genetic or molecular basis of the continued emergence of new tospoviruses and new hosts is not well understood though it is generally accepted that reassortment and/or genetic complementation among the three genomic segments of individual viruses ...201223077485
simultaneous detection of the seven main tomato-infecting rna viruses by two multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions.cucumber mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, tomato mosaic virus, tomato chlorosis virus, pepino mosaic virus, torrado tomato virus and tomato infectious chlorosis virus cause serious damage and significant economic losses in tomato crops worldwide. the early detection of these pathogens is essential for preventing the viruses from spreading and improving their control. in this study, a procedure based on two multiplex rt-pcrs was developed for the sensitive and reliable detection of these ...201222939978
reflective mulch and acibenzolar-s-methyl treatments relative to thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) and tomato spotted wilt virus incidence in tomato.management of thrips-transmitted tomato spotted wilt (tsw) virus typically relies on tactics that either reduce the thrips vector numbers or change the plant's response to the virus to reduce economic loss. we attempted to quantify the interaction between two such tactics, reflective mulch and the plant activator acibenzolar-s-methyl (actigard), respectively, on a tsw-susceptible tomato hybrid. a split plot experiment was conducted in 2009 and 2010 where main-plots were three types of plastic mu ...201222928310
effectiveness of tomato-spotted wilt virus management tactics.tomato-spotted wilt (tsw) is caused by the tomato-spotted wilt virus (tswv) and is a major disease affecting the production of tomato and pepper in the southeastern united states. before initiating a multistate, regional project addressing this issue, a survey was conducted in north carolina, south carolina, georgia, and florida to assess the need for improved management of tswv in these crops. we investigated farmer's stated effectiveness of four common tswv management tactics (reflective mulch ...201222812134
proteomic analysis of frankliniella occidentalis and differentially expressed proteins in response to tomato spotted wilt virus infection.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is transmitted by frankliniella occidentalis in a persistent propagative manner. despite the extensive replication of tswv in midgut and salivary glands, there is little to no pathogenic effect on f. occidentalis. we hypothesize that the first-instar larva (l1) of f. occidentalis mounts a response to tswv that protects it from pathogenic effects caused by virus infection and replication in various insect tissues. a partial thrips transcriptome was generated using ...201222696645
tospoviruses in the mediterranean area.tospoviruses are among the most serious threats to vegetable crops in the mediterranean basin. tospovirus introduction, spread, and the diseases these viruses cause have been traced by epidemiological case studies. recent research has centered on the close relationship between tospoviruses and their arthropod vectors (species of the thripidae family). here, we review several specific features of tospovirus-thrips associations in the mediterranean. since the introduction of frankliniella occident ...201222682175
virus diseases in lettuce in the mediterranean basin.lettuce is frequently attacked by several viruses causing disease epidemics and considerable yield losses along the mediterranean basin. aphids are key pests and the major vectors of plant viruses in lettuce fields. lettuce mosaic virus (lmv) is probably the most important because it is seed-transmitted in addition to be transmissible by many aphid species that alight on the crop. tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is another virus that causes severe damage since the introduction of its major vect ...201222682170
viruses of pepper crops in the mediterranean basin: a remarkable stasis.compared to other vegetable crops, the major viral constraints affecting pepper crops in the mediterranean basin have been remarkably stable for the past 20 years. among these viruses, the most prevalent ones are the seed-transmitted tobamoviruses; the aphid-transmitted potato virus y and tobacco etch virus of the genus potyvirus, and cucumber mosaic virus member of the genus cucumovirus; and thrips-transmitted tospoviruses. the last major viral emergence concerns the tospovirus tomato spotted w ...201222682167
major tomato viruses in the mediterranean basin.tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) originated in south america and was brought to europe by the spaniards in the sixteenth century following their colonization of mexico. from europe, tomato was introduced to north america in the eighteenth century. tomato plants show a wide climatic tolerance and are grown in both tropical and temperate regions around the world. the climatic conditions in the mediterranean basin favor tomato cultivation, where it is traditionally produced as an open-field plant. ...201222682165
isolation and analysis of small rnas from virus-infected plants.in this chapter, we detail some of the methods available to the researcher for isolating and analyzing virus-derived small rnas (vsrnas). these methods have been successfully used for four plant viruses: cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), including the cmv y-satellite, turnip mosaic virus (tumv), potato leaf roll virus (plrv), and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) from inoculated arabidopsis thaliana plants (fusaro et al. embo rep 7:1168-1175, 2006; curtin et al. febs lett 582:2753-2760, 2008). the pro ...201222678580
transmission of iris yellow spot virus by frankliniella fusca and thrips tabaci (thysanoptera: thripidae).thrips-transmitted iris yellow spot virus (iysv) (family bunyaviridae, genus tospovirus) affects onion production in the united states and worldwide. the presence of iysv in georgia was confirmed in 2003. two important thrips species that transmit tospoviruses, the onion thrips (thrips tabaci (lindeman)) and the tobacco thrips (frankliniella fusca (hinds)) are known to infest onion in georgia. however, t. tabaci is the only confirmed vector of iysv. experiments were conducted to test the vector ...201222420253
analysis of the tomato spotted wilt virus ambisense s rna-encoded hairpin structure in translation.the intergenic region (ir) of ambisense rna segments from animal- and plant-infecting (-)rna viruses functions as a bidirectional transcription terminator. the ir sequence of the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) ambisense s rna contains stretches that are highly rich in a-residues and u-residues and is predicted to fold into a stable hairpin structure. the presence of this hairpin structure sequence in the 3' untranslated region (utr) of tswv mrnas implies a possible role in translation.201222363535
sequence determination and analysis of the nss genes of two tospoviruses.the tospoviruses groundnut ringspot virus (grsv) and zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (zlcv) cause severe losses in many crops, especially in solanaceous and cucurbit species. in this study, the non-structural nss gene and the 5'utrs of these two biologically distinct tospoviruses were cloned and sequenced. the nss sequence of grsv and zlcv were both 1,404 nucleotides long. pairwise comparison showed that the nss amino acid sequence of grsv shared 69.6% identity with that of zlcv and 75.9% identi ...201122187101
Antagonistic plant defense system regulated by phytohormones assists interactions among vector insect, thrips, and a tospovirus.The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) is a polyphagous herbivore that causes serious damage to many agricultural plants. In addition to causing feeding damage, it is also a vector insect that transmits tospoviruses such as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). We previously reported that thrips feeding on plants induces a jasmonate (JA)-regulated plant defense, which negatively affects both the performance and preference (i.e., host plant attractiveness) of the thrips. The antagonis ...201122180600
Status of tobacco viruses in Serbia and molecular characterization of tomato spotted wilt virus isolates. In a four-year survey to determine the presence and distribution of viruses in tobacco crops at 17 localities of the Vojvodina Province and Central Serbia, 380 samples were collected and analyzed by DAS-ELISA. Out of the seven viruses tested, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), potato virus Y (PVY), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) were detected in 37.9, 33.4, 28.7, 23.9, and 15.5% of the total tested samples, respectively. TSWV was the most ...201122149499
an integrated genetic linkage map of cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) constructed from two ril populations.construction and improvement of a genetic map for peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) continues to be an important task in order to facilitate quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis and the development of tools for marker-assisted breeding. the objective of this study was to develop a comparative integrated map from two cultivated × cultivated recombinant inbred line (ril) mapping populations and to apply in mapping tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) resistance trait in peanut. a total of 4,576 simple s ...201122072100
The nucleocapsid protein of an enveloped plant virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, facilitates long-distance movement of Tobacco mosaic virus hybrids.To investigate the potential role(s) of the nucleocapsid (N) protein of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), the open reading frame for the N protein was expressed from a Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based vector encoding only the TMV replicase proteins. In the absence of other TSWV-encoded proteins, the transiently expressed N protein facilitated long-distance movement of the TMV-based hybrids in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana [NB-MP(+)] expressing movement protein of TMV, thus providing the funct ...201122020361
top 10 plant viruses in molecular plant pathology.many scientists, if not all, feel that their particular plant virus should appear in any list of the most important plant viruses. however, to our knowledge, no such list exists. the aim of this review was to survey all plant virologists with an association with molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate which plant viruses they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated more than 250 votes from the international community, and allowed the gen ...201122017770
modified expression of alternative oxidase in transgenic tomato and petunia affects the level of tomato spotted wilt virus resistance.abstract:201122014312
arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis limits foliar transcriptional responses to viral infection and favors long-term virus accumulation.tomato (solanum lycopersicum) can establish symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi, and can be infected by several pathogenic viruses. here, we investigated the impact of mycorrhization by the fungus glomus mosseae on the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) infection of tomato plants by transcriptomic and hormones level analyses. in tswv-infected mycorrhizal plants, the am fungus root colonization limited virus-induced changes in gene expression in the aerial parts. the virus ...201121899386
Recent advances in the molecular and cellular biology of bunyaviruses.The family Bunyaviridae of segmented, negative-stranded RNA viruses includes over 350 members that infect a bewildering variety of animals and plants. Many of these bunyaviruses are the causative agents of serious disease in their respective hosts, and are classified as emerging viruses because of their increased incidence in new populations and geographical locations throughout the world. Emerging bunyaviruses, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and Rift Va ...201121865443
complete genome sequence of a tomato spotted wilt virus isolate from china and comparison to other tswv isolates of different geographic origin.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is well established in most countries worldwide, while it is rarely reported in china. in this report, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a tswv isolate named tswv-yn infecting tomato in yunnan province in southwestern china. the tripartite genome of tswv-yn was found to consist of l, m and s rnas of 8910, 4773 and 2970 nt, respectively. the complete genome sequence and the sequence of each genomic region of tswv-yn from china were compared to ...201121805095
detection, discrimination and absolute quantitation of tomato spotted wilt virus isolates using real time rt-pcr with taqman(®)mgb probes.a quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) procedure using a general primer set and three taqman(®)mgb probes was developed for general and genotype-specific detection and quantitation of the genomic m segment of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). standard curves using rna transcripts homologous to the three probes allowed reproducible quantitative assays with a wide dynamic range (10(3)-10(10) tswv m segment rna copies/ng of total rna) and high sensitivity ...201121635923
epidemiology of spotted wilt disease of peanut caused by tomato spotted wilt virus in the southeastern u.s.spotted wilt disease of peanut (arachis hypogaea) (swp), caused by tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) (genus tospovirus, family bunyaviridae), was first observed in alabama, florida, and georgia in the late 1980s and rapidly became a major limiting factor for peanut production in the region. tobacco thrips (frankliniella fusca) and western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis) both occur on peanut throughout the southeastern u.s., but f. fusca is the predominant species that reproduces on pea ...201121620508
infection with a plant virus modifies vector feeding behavior.vector infection by some animal-infecting parasites results in altered feeding that enhances transmission. modification of vector behavior is of broad adaptive significance, as parasite fitness relies on passage to a new host, and vector feeding is nearly always essential for transmission. although several plant viruses infect their insect vectors, we have shown that vector infection by a plant virus alters feeding behavior. here we show that infection with tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), type ...201121606372
evaluation of dna fragments covering the entire genome of a monopartite begomovirus for induction of viral resistance in transgenic plants via gene silencing.tomato-infecting begomoviruses, a member of whitefly-transmitted geminivirus, cause the most devastating virus disease complex of cultivated tomato crops in the tropical and subtropical regions. numerous strategies have been used to engineer crops for their resistance to geminiviruses. however, nearly all have concentrated on engineering the replication-associated gene (rep), but not on a comprehensive evaluation of the entire virus genome. in this study, tomato leaf curl taiwan virus (tolctwv), ...201121597979
using small rna sequences to diagnose, sequence, and investigate the infectivity characteristics of vegetable-infecting viruses.in a virus-infected plant, small interfering rnas (sirnas) corresponding to the viral genome form a large proportion of the small rna population. it is possible to reassemble significant portions of the virus sequence from overlapping sirna sequences and use these to identify the virus. we tested this technique with a resistance-breaking and a non-resistance-breaking strain of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). we were able to assemble contigs covering 99% of the genomes of both viruses. the abun ...201121448740
complete genome sequences of three tomato spotted wilt virus isolates from tomato and pepper plants in korea and their phylogenetic relationship to other tswv isolates.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) infects numerous host plants and has three genome segments, called l, m and s. here, we report the complete genome sequences of three korean tswv isolates (tswv-1 to -3) infecting tomato and pepper plants. although the nucleotide sequence of tswv-1 genome isolated from tomato is very different from those of tswv-2 and tswv-3 isolated from pepper, the deduced amino acid sequences of the five tswv genes are highly conserved among all three tswv isolates. in phyloge ...201121327785
evolution and structure of tomato spotted wilt virus populations: evidence of extensive reassortment and insights into emergence processes.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv; genus tospovirus, family bunyaviridae) genetic diversity was evaluated by sequencing parts of the three rna genome segments of 224 isolates, mostly from pepper and tomato crops in southern europe. eighty-three per cent of the isolates showed consistent clustering into three clades, corresponding to their geographical origin, spain, france or the usa, for the three rna segments. in contrast, the remaining 17% of isolates did not belong to the same clade for the th ...201021169211
complete nucleotide sequence of capsicum chlorosis virus isolated from phalaenopsis orchid and the prediction of the unexplored genetic information of tospoviruses.phalaenopsis orchids are popular ornamentals all over the world. a tospovirus, capsicum chlorosis virus (cacv-ph) had been identified as the cause of chlorotic ringspots on leaves of phalaenopsis orchids in taiwan. the tripartite genome of cacv-ph was found to contain 3608, 4848 and 8916 nt of s, m and l rnas, respectively. phylogenetic analysis of the nucleocapsid (n) protein confirmed that cacv-ph is a member of the watermelon silver mottle virus (wsmov) serogroup in the genus tospovirus. base ...201021161553
explaining loss caused by tomato spotted wilt virus on tobacco with boreal winter weather: a bayesian approach.in north carolina, tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) has regularly been reported since 1997, with incidence being the highest in 2002. at the end of each season, a questionnaire is sent to the county agents to report disease losses. tswv reported losses in 1993 to 2007 from 58 counties were available. a county-year combination was considered a case and, in total, 494 cases were analyzed. the winter months' temperature and precipitation significantly explained the reported tswv loss (r(2) = 0.82). ...201121091184
identification and validation of reference genes for normalization of transcripts from virus-infected arabidopsis thaliana.real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) of complementary dna is now a standard method for studies of gene expression. however, qpcr can identify genuine variation only when transcript quantities are accurately normalized to an appropriate reference. to identify the most reliable reference genes for transcript quantification by qpcr, we describe a systematic evaluation of candidate reference genes of arabidopsis thaliana ecotype columbia-0 (col-0). twelve genes were selected for t ...201121091160
inactivation of tomato spotted wilt virus by salicylate. 194620985882
thermal inactivation of tomato spotted wilt virus. 194620985881
a silencing suppressor protein (nss) of a tospovirus enhances baculovirus replication in permissive and semipermissive insect cell lines.the nonstructural protein (nss) of the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) has been identified as an rnai suppressor in plant cells. a recombinant autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) designated vacnss, containing the nss gene under the control of the viral polyhedrin (polh) gene promoter, was constructed and the effects of nss in permissive, semipermissive and nonpermissive insect cells to vacnss infection were evaluated. vacnss produced more budded virus when compared to ...201020971139
evolutionary analysis of tomato sw-5 resistance-breaking isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) causes severe economic losses in many crops worldwide and often overcomes resistant cultivars used for disease control. comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences suggested that tomato resistance conferred by the gene sw-5 can be overcome by the amino acid substitution c to y at position 118 (c118y) or t120n in the tswv movement protein, nsm. phylogenetic analysis revealed that substitution c118y has occurred independently three times in the studied isolat ...201020881087
population genetic analysis of tomato spotted wilt virus on peanut in north carolina and virginia.exploring the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of plant viruses is critical to understanding their ecology and epidemiology. in this study, maximum-likelihood and population genetics-based methods were used to investigate the population structure, genetic diversity, and sources of genetic variation in field isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) from peanut in north carolina and virginia. selected regions of the nucleocapsid, movement, and rna-dependent rna polymerase genes were ...201120839960
diverging affinity of tospovirus rna silencing suppressor proteins, nss, for various rna duplex molecules.the tospovirus nss protein was previously shown to suppress the antiviral rna silencing mechanism in plants. here the biochemical analysis of nss proteins from different tospoviruses, using purified nss or nss containing cell extracts, is described. the results showed that all tospoviral nss proteins analyzed exhibited affinity to small double-stranded rna molecules, i.e., small interfering rnas (sirnas) and micro-rna (mirna)/mirna* duplexes. interestingly, the nss proteins from tomato spotted w ...201020739523
tomato spotted wilt virus-positive steps towards negative success.abstract taxonomy: tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is the type member of the plant-infecting tospovirus genus in the family bunyaviridae, a large group of predominantly vertebrate- and insect-infecting rna viruses. physical properties: virions are 80-120-nm pleomorphic particles with surface projections composed of two viral glycoproteins, g1 and g2 (fig. 1). virion composition is 5% nucleic acid, 70% protein, 5% carbohydrate and 20% lipid. the genome consists of three negative or ambisense ssr ...200020572961
expression of a modified nucleocapsid-protein of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) confers resistance against tswv and groundnut ringspot virus (grsv) by blocking systemic spread.summary tobacco transformed with a construct comprising the nucleocapsid-protein (n) gene of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) and the 5' non-translated leader sequence of plum pox virus (ppv) as a translation enhancer displays unusually broad resistance against tospoviruses. contrary to expectations, the transgenic plants did not express a higher level of tswv n protein than control plants harbouring the n gene without the ppv enhancer. instead, expression of an n-terminally elongated n protein, ...200420565598
resistance to a dna and a rna virus in transgenic plants by using a single chimeric transgene construct.tomato leaf curl taiwan virus (tolctwv) and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) are two major tomato viruses that cause serious economic losses. in this study, a partial c2 gene from tolctwv and the middle half of the n gene of tswv were fused as a chimeric transgene to develop multiple virus resistance in transgenic plants. this construct was introduced into nicotiana benthamiana and tomato by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. several transgenic lines showed no symptom post agro-inoculation w ...201120559871
analysis of expressed sequence tags for frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips.thrips are members of the insect order thysanoptera and frankliniella occidentalis (the western flower thrips) is the most economically important pest within this order. f. occidentalis is both a direct pest of crops and an efficient vector of plant viruses, including tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). despite the world-wide importance of thrips in agriculture, there is little knowledge of the f. occidentalis genome or gene functions at this time. a normalized cdna library was constructed from fi ...201020522119
oligonucleotide microarray-based detection and identification of 10 major tomato viruses.a dna microarray chip was developed for screening 10 major economically important tomato viruses from infected plants using "combimatrix" platform 40-mer oligonucleotide probes. a total of 279 oligonucleotide virus probes were specific for simultaneous multiple detection, identification, differentiation and/or genotyping of each of the following tomato rna viruses and/or strains and a virus satellite: cucumber mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus satellite rna, tomatoinfectiouschlorosisvirus, tom ...201020470828
tomato chocolate spot virus, a member of a new torradovirus species that causes a necrosis-associated disease of tomato in guatemala.tomatoes in guatemala have been affected by a new disease, locally known as "mancha de chocolate" (chocolate spot). the disease is characterized by distinct necrotic spots on leaves, stems and petioles that eventually expand and cause a dieback of apical tissues. samples from symptomatic plants tested negative for infection by tomato spotted wilt virus, tobacco streak virus, tobacco etch virus and other known tomato-infecting viruses. a virus-like agent was sap-transmitted from diseased tissue t ...201020376682
comparative post-harvest behaviour of traditional and virus-resistant muchamiel tomatoes.nowadays, organoleptic quality is the primary objective for almost all tomato breeding programmes. in this study, post-harvest behaviour of a breeding line with genetic resistance to important viruses (tomato mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus) has been compared with the original traditional landrace (muchamiel). the breeding line has been obtained by backcrossing, introgressing three resistance genes but aiming to keep the quality characteristics of the tr ...201020355147
a distinct tospovirus causing necrotic streak on alstroemeria sp. in colombia.a tospovirus causing necrotic streaks on leaves was isolated from alstroemeria sp. in colombia. infected samples reacted positively with tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) antiserum during preliminary serological tests. further analysis revealed a close serological relationship to tomato chlorotic spot virus (tcsv) and groundnut ringspot virus (grsv). a major part of the s-rna segment, encompassing the nucleocapsid (n) protein gene, the 5' untranslated region and a part of the intergenic region 3' ...201020151164
potatovirus x and tobacco mosaic virus-based vectors compatible with the gateway cloning system.virus-based expression vectors are important tools for high-level production of foreign proteins and for gene function analysis through virus induced gene silencing. to exploit further their advantages as fast, high yield replicons, a set of vectors was produced by converting and adapting potato virus x (pvx) and tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)-based vectors to allow easy cloning of foreign sequences by the gateway cloning system. target genes were cloned efficiently by recombination and successfully ...201019903495
comparative analysis of expression profiles in shoots and roots of tomato systemically infected by tomato spotted wilt virus reveals organ-specific transcriptional responses.tomato (solanum lycopersicon), a model species for the family solanaceae, is severely affected by tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) worldwide. to elucidate the systemic transcriptional response of plants to tswv infection, microarray experiments were performed on tomato. parallel analysis of both shoots and roots revealed organ-specific responses, although the virus was present in similar concentration. in the shoots, genes related to defense and to signal transduction were induced, while there w ...200919888816
a generic method to identify plant viruses by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry of their coat proteins.although a number of protocols have been developed for detection of viruses at the genus or family level, universal approaches to detect and identify unknown viruses are still required. high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify accurately peptide masses and their constituent sequences from partially purified plant virus preparations. analysis of the peptide fragment masses against a virus database using pattern-matching algorithms identified sequences with homology to known v ...201019712699
a single tube, quantitative real-time rt-pcr assay that detects four potato viruses simultaneously.a high throughput, real-time multiplex, single tube rt-pcr assay was developed for simultaneous detection of potato leafroll virus (plrv), potato virus x (pvx) and potato virus s (pvs) in potato leaves and tubers, and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in potato tubers and tomato leaves. the test uses four different fluorescently labelled taqman probes. limits of detection sensitivity were established using a range of virus transcript copy numbers (8 x 10(1) to 8 x 10(9) copies of pvx and pvs, 1 x ...200919596379
analysis of gene expression profiles in leaf tissues of cultivated peanuts and development of est-ssr markers and gene discovery.peanut is vulnerable to a range of foliar diseases such as spotted wilt caused by tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), early (cercospora arachidicola) and late (cercosporidium personatum) leaf spots, southern stem rot (sclerotium rolfsii), and sclerotinia blight (sclerotinia minor). in this study, we report the generation of 17,376 peanut expressed sequence tags (ests) from leaf tissues of a peanut cultivar (tifrunner, resistant to tswv and leaf spots) and a breeding line (gt-c20, susceptible to ts ...200919584933
identification of domains of the tomato spotted wilt virus nsm protein involved in tubule formation, movement and symptomatology.deletion and alanine-substitution mutants of the tomato spotted wilt virus nsm protein were generated to identify domains involved in tubule formation, movement and symptomatology using a heterologous tobacco mosaic virus expression system. two regions of nsm, g(19)-s(159) and g(209)-v(283), were required for both tubule formation in protoplasts and cell-to-cell movement in plants, indicating a correlation between these activities. three amino acid groups, d(154), eykk(205-208) and eeeee(284-288 ...200919481775
requirements for er-arrest and sequential exit to the golgi of tomato spotted wilt virus glycoproteins.the envelope glycoproteins gn and gc are major determinants in the assembly of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) particles at the golgi complex. in this article, the er-arrest of singly expressed gc and the transport of both glycoproteins to the golgi upon coexpression have been analyzed.while preliminary results suggest that the arrest of gc at the er (endoplasmic reticulum) did not appear to result from improper folding, transient expression of chimeric gc, in which the transmembrane domain (tm ...200919302268
variation in tomato spotted wilt virus titer in frankliniella occidentalis and its association with frequency of transmission.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips. while it is well established that vector competence depends on tswv acquisition by young larvae and virus replication within the insect, the biological factors associated with frequency of transmission have not been well characterized. we hypothesized that the number of transmission events by a single adult thrips is determined, in part, by the amount of vi ...200919271982
bell and banana pepper exhibit mature-plant resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus transmitted by frankliniella fusca (thysanoptera: thripidae).tomato spotted wilt virus (family bunyaviridae, genus tospovirus, tswv) causes annual economic losses in pepper, capsicum annuum l., across the southern united states and is transmitted by several species of thrips, including the tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca (hinds). reduced virus transmission and symptom severity as plant age increases is known as mature-plant resistance. tswv transmission to pepper plants was examined in three and four age classes in field and greenhouse trials, respect ...200919253614
virus diseases in the tobacco fields of guilan and western azerbaijan provinces of iran.tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) is one of the important industrial plants in iran. viruses as an important group of plant pathogens cause many losses on the quality and quantity of tobacco crop. there was few information on the types of plant viruses infecting the tobacco fields of guilan and almost no information for western azerbaijan province. during 2005-2007, leaf samples were taken from symptomatic plants in the growing areas of these two provinces. the observed symptoms on plants in the fi ...200819226768
leaf proteome analysis of transgenic plants expressing antiviral antibodies.the expression of exogenous antibodies in plant is an effective strategy to confer protection against viral infection or to produce molecules with pharmaceutical interest. however, the acceptance of the transgenic technology to obtain self-protecting plants depends on the assessment of their substantial equivalence compared to non-modified crops with an established history of safe use. in fact, the possibility exists that the introduction of transgenes in plants may alter expression of endogenou ...200919099506
investigating recombinant protein exudation from roots of transgenic tobacco.it is widely acknowledged that plant-made pharmaceuticals (pmps) offer numerous benefits, including inexpensive production, biological safety and the facility for production at agricultural scale. at the same time, it is important to minimize any potential risk associated with this new technology, including the potential release of bioactive proteins into the environment. to address this issue, we studied transgenic nicotiana benthamiana and nicotiana tabacum plants expressing two recombinant si ...200819081009
tomato spotted wilt virus nucleocapsid protein interacts with both viral glycoproteins gn and gc in planta.recently, the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) gn and gc glycoproteins were shown to induce the formation of (pseudo-) circular and pleomorphic membrane structures upon transient expression in plant cells. furthermore, when singly expressed, gc retains in the er, while gn is able to further migrate to the golgi. upon co-expression, gn rescues gc and co-migrates to the golgi complex. here, we have studied the behavior of the glycoproteins in the presence of the viral nucleocapsid (n) protein and ...200918973913
effects of temperature and host on the generation of tomato spotted wilt virus defective interfering rnas.abstract the generation of defective interfering (di) rna molecules of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) was studied by serially passaging in-ocula from plant to plant under different controlled conditions. di rnas were generated at higher rates in plants at 16 degrees c than in plants incubated at higher temperatures. another factor promoting the tswv di rna generation was the use of high virus concentrations in the inocula. the solanaceous species capsicum annuum, datura stramonium, lycope ...199718945014
binding of tomato spotted wilt virus to a 94-kda thrips protein.abstract using protein blot assays, a 94-kda thrips protein was identified that exhibited specific binding to tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) particles. renaturation of the 94-kda protein, which is conserved among the two major vector species of tswv, frankliniella occidentalis and thrips tabaci, was crucial for its virus-binding properties, whereas under the same conditions no specific binding was observed with aphid (myzus persicae) proteins. the 94-kda protein species was present in all deve ...199818945001
interaction of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) glycoproteins with a thrips midgut protein, a potential cellular receptor for tswv.abstract interactions between viral and cellular membrane fusion proteins mediate virus penetration of cells for many arthropod-borne viruses. electron microscope observations and circumstantial evidence indicate insect acquisition of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) (genus tospovirus, family bunyaviridae) is receptor mediated, and tswv membrane glycoproteins (gp1 and gp2) serve as virus attachment proteins. the tospoviruses are plant-infecting members of the family bunyaviridae and are transmit ...199818944977
comparison of ambisense m rna of watermelon silver mottle virus with other tospoviruses.abstract double-stranded genomic rnas (dsrnas) extracted from chenopodium quinoa infected with watermelon silver mottle virus (wsmv) were similar to those of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv, serogroup i) and impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv, serogroup iii), except that the s dsrna of wsmv is 0.75 and 0.6 kbp longer than those of tswv and insv, respectively. the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic m rna of wsmv was determined from cdna clones generated from separated m dsrna. the m rna ...199818944959
increase of tospoviral diversity in brazil with the identification of two new tospovirus species, one from chrysanthemum and one from zucchini.abstract during a survey conducted in several different regions of brazil, two unique tospoviruses were isolated and characterized, one from chrysanthemum and the other from zucchini. the chrysanthemum virus displayed a broad host range, whereas the virus from zucchini was restricted mainly to the family cucurbitaceae. double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western immunoblot analyses demonstrated that both viruses were serologically distinct from all reported tospovirus ...199918944712
application of phage display in selecting tomato spotted wilt virus-specific single-chain antibodies (scfvs) for sensitive diagnosis in elisa.abstract a panel of recombinant single-chain antibodies (scfvs) against structural proteins of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) was retrieved from a human combinatorial scfv antibody library using the novel phage display technique. after subcloning the encoding dna sequences in the expression vector pskap/s, which allowed the scfvs to be expressed as alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins, 17 different scfv antibodies were obtained. of these, 12 scfvs were directed against the nucleoprotein (n) an ...200018944607
nucleocapsid gene-mediated transgenic resistance provides protection against tomato spotted wilt virus epidemics in the field.abstract transformation of plants with the nucleocapsid (n) gene of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (tswv) provides resistance to disease development; however, information is lacking on the response of plants to natural inoculum in the field. three tobacco cultivars were transformed with the n gene of a dahlia isolate of tswv (tswv-d), and plants were evaluated over several generations in the greenhouse. the resistant phenotype was more frequently observed in 'burley 21' than in 'ky-14' or 'k-326 ...200018944602
impeded thrips transmission of defective tomato spotted wilt virus isolates.two defective rna-containing isolates (pe-1 and 16-2) and an envelope-deficient (env ) isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) were tested for their transmissibility by frankliniella occidentalis. the pe-1 isolate contained a truncated l rna segment that barely interfered with symptom expression and replication of the wild-type (wt) l rna segment. this isolate was transmitted with an efficiency of 51%, a value comparable to that found for wt tswv (54%). isolate 16-2, which contained a genuin ...200018944549
restricted spread of tomato spotted wilt virus in thrips-resistant pepper.abstract spread of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) and population development of its vector frankliniella occidentalis were studied on the pepper accessions cpro-1 and pikante reuzen, which are resistant and susceptible to thrips, respectively. viruliferous thrips were released on plants of each accession (nonchoice tests) or on plants in a 1:1 mixture of both accessions (choice tests) in small cages containing 8 or 16 plants. significantly fewer cpro-1 plants became infected in the primary inf ...200318944320
the efficiency by which thrips tabaci populations transmit tomato spotted wilt virus depends on their host preference and reproductive strategy.abstract arrhenotokous and thelytokous populations of thrips tabaci from tobacco or leek plants were evaluated for their ability to transmit tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) and for their host preference. transmission efficiencies were comparatively studied using leaf disks of petunia hybrida, datura stramonium, and nicotiana tabacum cv. basmas. adults of arrhenotokous populations collected on infected tobacco plants in the field were efficient transmitters (up to 48.5% transmission) and remaine ...200218944256
overwintering of frankliniella fusca (thysanoptera: thripidae) on winter annual weeds infected with tomato spotted wilt virus and patterns of virus movement between susceptible weed hosts.abstract overwintering of tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca, was investigated on common winter annual host plants infected with tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). populations of tobacco thrips produced on tswv-infected plants did not differ from those produced on healthy plants, whereas populations varied greatly among host plant species. the mean per plant populations of f. fusca averaged 401, 162, and 10 thrips per plant on stellaria media, scleranthus annuus, and sonchus asper, respectively, ...200118944235
serological and molecular characterization of peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus, a new species of the genus tospovirus.abstract to clarify the serological relationship of peanut chlorotic fan-spot virus (pcfv) with other tospoviruses, antisera were produced against the nucleocapsid (n) proteins of this virus and tospoviruses from four serogroups including tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv), groundnut ringspot virus (grsv), and watermelon silver mottle virus (wsmov). in immunodiffusion tests, the antisera only reacted with their homologous antigens. similar results were noticed ...200118944231
thrips resistance in pepper and its consequences for the acquisition and inoculation of tomato spotted wilt virus by the western flower thrips.abstract different levels of thrips resistance were found in seven capsicum accessions. based on the level of feeding damage, host preference, and host suitability for reproduction, a thrips susceptible and a resistant accession were selected to study their performance as tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) sources and targets during thrips-mediated virus transmission. vector resistance did not affect the virus acquisition efficiency in a broad range of acquisition access periods. inoculation effic ...200318944162
acquisition of tomato spotted wilt virus by adults of two thrips species.abstract only larval thrips that acquire tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), or adults derived from such larvae, transmit the virus. nonviruliferous adults can ingest virus particles while feeding on tswv-infected plants, but such adult thrips have not been shown to transmit tswv. immunofluorescence microscopy was used to show that thrips 1, 5, 10, and 20 days after adult emergence (dae) fed on tswv-infected plants acquired tswv with virus replication and accumulation occurring in both epithelial ...200418944108
a one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction system for the simultaneous detection and identification of multiple tospovirus infections.abstract a one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method has been developed for the simultaneous detection and identification of multiple tospoviruses that infect plants. the rt-pcr system is composed of six primers in a single tube: a universal degenerate primer and five virus species-specific primers. amplifications resulted in an 848-bp pcr product for watermelon silver mottle virus, 709-bp for tomato spotted wilt virus, 589-bp for impatiens necrotic spot virus, 511 ...200518943986
synergistic interaction between tomato chlorosis virus and tomato spotted wilt virus results in breakdown of resistance in tomato.abstract multiple viral infections frequently are found in single plants of cultivated and wild hosts in nature, with unpredictable pathological consequences. synergistic reactions were observed in mixed infections in tomato plants doubly infected with the positive-sense and phloem-limited single-stranded rna (ssrna) crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) and the negative-sense ssrna tospovirus tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). synergism in a tomato cultivar susceptible to both viruses resulte ...200618943964
interaction between tomato spotted wilt virus n protein monomers involves nonelectrostatic forces governed by multiple distinct regions in the primary structure.abstract the ambisense rna genome of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) isby interaction with numerous copies of the virus encoded nucleocapsid (n) protein to form a subvirion structure called a ribonucleo-protein (rnp). rnps are central to the viral replication cycle because they, and not free viral rna, serve as templates for viral gene expression and genome replication. n protein monomers bind to viral rna molecules in a cooperative manner. we have examined regions of the n protein that are inv ...200418943909
tomato spotted wilt virus infection improves host suitability for its vector frankliniella occidentalis.abstract the effect of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) infection on plant attractiveness for the western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis) was studied. significantly more thrips were recovered on infected than were recovered on noninfected pepper (capsicum annuum) plants in different preference tests. in addition, more offspring were produced on the virus-infected pepper plants, and this effect also was found for tswv-infected datura stramonium. thrips behavior was minimally influenced ...200418943902
completion of the genome sequence of watermelon silver mottle virus and utilization of degenerate primers for detecting tospoviruses in five serogroups.abstract the nucleotide sequence of the l rna of watermelon silver mottle virus (wsmov) was determined. combined with the previous work on m and s rnas, the whole genomic sequence of this member of the genus tospovirus was completed. the l rna is 8,917 nucleotides in length, with one large open reading frame encoding a translation product of 2,878 amino acids (331.8 kda) on the viral complementary strand. the l protein shares amino acid identities of only 44.3 and 46.5% with tomato spotted wilt ...200118943848
a predictive model for spotted wilt epidemics in peanut based on local weather conditions and the tomato spotted wilt virus risk index.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), a member of the genus tospovirus (family bunyaviridae), is an important plant virus that causes severe damage to peanut (arachis hypogaea) in the southeastern united states. disease severity has been extremely variable in individual fields in georgia, due to several factors including variability in weather patterns. a tswv risk index has been developed by the university of georgia to aid peanut growers with the assessment and avoidance of high risk situations. t ...200818943452
replication of tomato spotted wilt virus after ingestion by adult thrips setosus is restricted to midgut epithelial cells.abstract if acquisition access feeding (aaf) is first given after adult eclosion, none of the nine thrips species able to serve as tospovirus vectors can become infective. the previous cellular investigations of this phenomenon, carried out only in frankliniella occidentalis, suggested that infectivity was prevented because the type member of the tospoviruses, tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), was unable to enter the midgut of adult thrips. the present study extends a cellular view of tospovirus ...200118943329
dynamics of tomato spotted wilt virus replication in the alimentary canal of two thrips species.abstract transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is dependent on virus uptake in the midgut prior to virus movement to the salivary glands. replication of tswv in the alimentary canal of tobacco thrips (tt, frankliniella fusca) and western flower thrips (wft, f. occidentalis) was investigated by immunolocalization of the nonstructural protein (nss) encoded by the small rna of tswv and fluorescence microscopy. analysis of cohorts during development from larva to adults following virus ac ...200218943268
a soluble form of the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) glycoprotein g(n) (g(n)-s) inhibits transmission of tswv by frankliniella occidentalis.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is an economically important virus that is transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by its thrips vector, frankliniella occidentalis. previously, we found that a soluble form of the envelope glycoprotein g(n) (g(n)-s) specifically bound thrips midguts and reduced the amount of detectable virus inside midgut tissues. the aim of this research was to (i) determine if g(n)-s alters tswv transmission by thrips and, if so, (ii) determine the duration of this effe ...200818943237
biological and molecular analyses of the acibenzolar-s-methyl-induced systemic acquired resistance in flue-cured tobacco against tomato spotted wilt virus.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is an economically important virus of flue-cured tobacco. activation of systemic acquired resistance (sar) by acibenzolar-s-methyl (asm) in flue-cured tobacco was studied under greenhouse conditions by challenge inoculation with a severe isolate of tswv. asm restricted virus replication and movement, and as a result reduced systemic infection. activation of resistance was observed within 2 days after treatment with asm and a high level of resistance was observed ...200818943196
field evaluation of tomato hybrids engineered with tomato spotted wilt virus sequences for virus resistance, agronomic performance, and pollen-mediated transgene flow.abstract tomato hybrids obtained from homozygous progeny of line 30-4, engineered for tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) resistance, were tested under field conditions in two locations with their corresponding nontransgenic hybrids. no transgenic hybrid became infected, but 33 to 50% of plants of each nontransgenic hybrid became infected with a severe reduction of marketable fruit production. the transgenic hybrids conformed to the standard agronomic characteristics of the corresponding nontransge ...200518943013
the n protein of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is associated with the induction of programmed cell death (pcd) in capsicum chinense plants, a hypersensitive host to tswv infection.in sweet pepper, the tsw gene, originally described in capsicum chinense, has been widely used as an efficient gene for inducing a hypersensitivity response (hr) derived tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) resistance. since previously reported studies suggested that the tswv-s rna mutation(s) are associated with the breakdown of tsw mediated tswv resistance in peppers, the tswv genes n (structural nucleocapsid protein) and ns(s) (non-structural silencing suppressor protein) were cloned into a potat ...200818722487
tomato spotted wilt virus glycoproteins induce the formation of endoplasmic reticulum- and golgi-derived pleomorphic membrane structures in plant cells.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) particles are spherical and enveloped, an uncommon feature among plant infecting viruses. previous studies have shown that virus particle formation involves the enwrapment of ribonucleoproteins with viral glycoprotein containing golgi stacks. in this study, the localization and behaviour of the viral glycoproteins gn and gc were analysed, upon transient expression in plant protoplasts. when separately expressed, gc was solely observed in the endoplasmic reticulum ...200818632951
herbivore benefits from vectoring plant virus through reduction of period of vulnerability to predation.herbivores can profit from vectoring plant pathogens because the induced defence of plants against pathogens sometimes interferes with the induced defence of plants against herbivores. plants can also defend themselves indirectly by the action of the natural enemies of the herbivores. it is unknown whether the defence against pathogens induced in the plant also interferes with the indirect defence against herbivores mediated via the third trophic level. we previously showed that infection of pla ...200818392858
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