Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| efficient production of rift valley fever virus-like particles: the antiviral protein mxa can inhibit primary transcription of bunyaviruses. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a highly pathogenic member of the family bunyaviridae that needs to be handled under biosafety level (bsl) 3 conditions. here, we describe reverse genetics systems to measure rvfv polymerase activity in mammalian cells and to generate virus-like particles (vlps). recombinant polymerase (l) and nucleocapsid protein (n), expressed together with a minireplicon rna, formed transcriptionally active nucleocapsids. these could be packaged into vlps by additional expres ... | 2009 | 19155037 |
| possible congenital infection with la crosse encephalitis virus--west virginia, 2006-2007. | la crosse encephalitis virus (lacv) is a mosquitoborne bunyavirus of the california encephalitis serogroup. during 2003--2007, west virginia had the greatest number of cases (95) and highest incidence of lacv disease (5.1 cases per 100,000 population) of any state.* the majority of persons infected with lacv either have no symptoms or a mild febrile illness; a limited number experience encephalitis. although only 1%--4% of those infected with lacv develop any symptoms, children aged <16 years ar ... | 2009 | 19145220 |
| detection of rna from a novel west nile-like virus and high prevalence of an insect-specific flavivirus in mosquitoes in the yucatan peninsula of mexico. | as part of our ongoing surveillance efforts for west nile virus (wnv) in the yucatan peninsula of mexico, 96,687 mosquitoes collected from january through december 2007 were assayed by virus isolation in mammalian cells. three mosquito pools caused cytopathic effect. two isolates were orthobunyaviruses (cache valley virus and kairi virus) and the identity of the third infectious agent was not determined. a subset of mosquitoes was also tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (r ... | 2009 | 19141845 |
| generation and analysis of recombinant bunyamwera orthobunyaviruses expressing v5 epitope-tagged l proteins. | the l protein of bunyamwera virus (bunv; family bunyaviridae) is an rna-dependent rna polymerase, 2238 aa in length, that catalyses transcription and replication of the negative-sense, tripartite rna genome. to learn more about the molecular interactions of the l protein and to monitor its intracellular distribution we inserted a 14 aa v5 epitope derived from parainfluenza virus type 5, against which high-affinity antibodies are available, into different regions of the protein. insertion of the ... | 2009 | 19141438 |
| mode of transmission and the evolution of arbovirus virulence in mosquito vectors. | the traditional assumption that vector-borne pathogens should evolve towards a benign relationship with their arthropod vectors has been challenged on theoretical grounds and empirical evidence. however, in the case of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses), although a number of investigators have reported experimental evidence for virus-induced vector mortality, others have failed to detect any significant impact. whether this variation in the observed level of arbovirus virulence depends on bio ... | 2009 | 19141420 |
| oropouche fever epidemic in northern brazil: epidemiology and molecular characterization of isolates. | oropouche fever virus is an important arbovirus associated with febrile disease that re-emerged in 2006 in several municipalities of pará state, bragantina region, amazon, brazil, 26 years after the last epidemic. | 2009 | 19117799 |
| genetic characterization of orthobunyavirus melao, strains be ar633512 and be ar8033, and experimental infection in golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus). | melao virus (melv) strains be ar8033 and be ar633512 were isolated from pools of ochlerotatus scapularis mosquitoes in belém, pará state (1955), and alta floresta, rondônia state (2000), brazil, respectively. the aim of the present study was to molecularly characterize these strains and to describe the histopathological, biochemical and immunological changes in golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) following intraperitoneal injection of melv strains. hamsters were susceptible to both of the mel ... | 2009 | 19088293 |
| serosurveillance for japanese encephalitis, akabane, and aino viruses for thoroughbred horses in korea. | recent global warming trends may have a significant impact on vector-borne viral diseases, possibly affecting vector population dynamics and disease transmission. this study measured levels of hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies against japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and neutralizing antibodies against akabane virus (akav) and aino virus (ainv) for thoroughbred horses in korea. blood samples were collected from 989 racehorses in several provinces, between october 2005 and march 2007. ... | 2008 | 19043313 |
| serological survey of domestic animals for tick-borne encephalitis and bhanja viruses in northeastern hungary. | blood sera collected from 400 domestic animals (260 cattle, 100 merino sheep, and 40 hutzul horses) in northeastern hungary in 2005 were examined for antibodies against two tick-borne viruses, tick-borne encephalitis flavivirus (tbev) and bhanja bunyavirus (bhav). using elisa as screening test and plaque-reduction neutralization as confirmatory test, seropositivity to tbev was found to be 26.5% in cattle, 7.0% in sheep, and 0.0% in horses. among cattle, the animals up to 3 years old had signific ... | 2009 | 19036537 |
| first detection of human infection by cache valley and kairi viruses (orthobunyavirus) in argentina. | human sera samples from córdoba province, argentina were analyzed by reduction neutralization test for cache valley (cvv) and kairi (kriv) viruses. a 5.72% (27/472) prevalence of neutralizing antibodies for cvv and 5.92% (31/524) for kriv was detected in córdoba city, whereas the prevalences in jesús maría and colonia caroya suburban cities was 7.83% (13/166) and 5.42% (9/166) for cvv and kriv, respectively. the neutralizing antibody titers ranged between 1/20 and >or=1/160. our results report t ... | 2009 | 18930511 |
| molecular characterization of umbre virus (bunyaviridae). | umbre (umb) virus was first isolated from india in 1955 and classified as orthobunyavirus (turlock serogroup). eight isolates of this virus, isolated from culex mosquitoes were characterized on the basis of partial glycoprotein (g2) gene. twenty-six percent differences at nucleotide level while 17% differences at amino acid level were noted within different isolates. phylogentic data shows that this virus represents a distinct group within the genus orthobunyavirus. | 2008 | 18842123 |
| oropouche virus entry into hela cells involves clathrin and requires endosomal acidification. | oropouche virus (oro), family bunyaviridae, is the second most frequent cause of arboviral febrile illness in brazil. studies were conducted to understand oro entry in hela cells. chlorpromazine inhibited early steps of oro replication cycle, consistent with entry/uncoating. the data indicate that oro enters hela cells by clathrin-coated vesicles, by a mechanism susceptible to endosomal acidification inhibitors. transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence indicated that oro associate ... | 2008 | 18840482 |
| molecular characterization of medically important viruses of the genus orthobunyavirus. | we have characterized the full-length s segment rna sequences of five human pathogens of the virus family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus. s segment sequences of fort sherman, shokwe and xingu viruses of the bunyamwera serogroup, as well as those of bwamba and pongola viruses of the bwamba serogroup, are described. s segment sequences of bwamba and pongola viruses represent the first nucleotide sequences characterized for viruses of the bwamba serogroup. the described molecular and phylogene ... | 2008 | 18796727 |
| role of the nss protein in the zoonotic capacity of orthobunyaviruses. | the family bunyaviridae contains over 350 named isolates, classified into five genera: orthobunyavirus, hantavirus, nairovirus, phlebovirus and tospovirus. the orthobunyavirus genus contains some 170 isolates that are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes and are responsible for a range of disease syndromes in humans including self-limiting febrile illness, encephalitis and haemorrhagic fever. the viruses have a tripartite, negative-sense rna genome. analyses of viruses in four serogroups (bunyamwera ... | 2009 | 18771514 |
| [neglected arthropod-borne viral infections in the czech republic]. | central european encephalitis is the most common arthropod-borne virus disease in the czech republic, with the mean annual incidence of 6 cases per 100 000 population. however, seven less known arboviruses (flavivirus west nile, bunyavirus tahyna, bunyavirus batai, bunyavirus sedlec, bunyavirus lednice, orbivirus tribee, uukuvirus uukuniemi) also circulate in this country, of which west nile, tahyna, tribec and possibly batai have been reported to cause human disease. moreover, antibodies agains ... | 2008 | 18767374 |
| phylogenetic relationships among orthobunyaviruses isolated from mosquitoes captured in peru. | the orthobunyavirus genus of the family bunyaviridae is comprised of over 220 extremely diverse viral species. members of this genus are often associated with acute febrile illness in animals and humans. as part of a longterm study of the ecology of arboviruses in the amazon basin of peru, we have isolated over 60 orthobunyaviruses from mosquitoes. the identification of many of these isolates by fluorescent antibody assay has been confounded by the lack of specificity of many available reagents. ... | 2008 | 18759638 |
| [serological monitoring of arbovirus infections in the estuary of the kuban river (the 2006-2007 data)]. | solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, neutralization test, and the hemagglutination-inhibition test were used to study the sera from human beings (152 samples), agricultural animals (n = 77), hares (n = 3), and wild birds (n = 69), collected in 2006-2007 in the kuban river estuary (temryuk district, krasnodar territory). there were specific antibodies against viruses of west nile (wh), tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) (flaviviridae, flavivirus), sindbis (togaviridae, alphavirus), the antigenic complex of ... | 2008 | 18756814 |
| antiviral chemistry & chemotherapy's current antiviral agents factfile 2008 (2nd edition): rna viruses. | among the rna viruses, other than the retroviruses (that is, hiv), which are dealt with separately in the current factfile, the most important targets for the development of antiviral agents at the moment are the orthomyxoviruses (that is, influenza), the hepaciviruses (that is, hepatitis c virus [hcv]) and, to a lesser extent, the picornaviruses. although the uncoating inhibitors amantadine and rimantadine were the first known inhibitors of influenza a, the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir, ... | 2008 | 18727441 |
| three-dimensional organization of rift valley fever virus revealed by cryoelectron tomography. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a member of the bunyaviridae virus family (genus phlebovirus) and is considered to be one of the most important pathogens in africa, causing viral zoonoses in livestock and humans. here, we report the characterization of the three-dimensional structural organization of rvfv vaccine strain mp-12 by cryoelectron tomography. vitrified-hydrated virions were found to be spherical, with an average diameter of 100 nm. the virus glycoproteins formed cylindrical hollow s ... | 2008 | 18715915 |
| antiviral activity of type i interferons and interleukins 29 and 28a (type iii interferons) against apeu virus. | interferons (ifns) are cytokines with important immunomodulatory activity in vertebrates. although type i ifns and interleukins (il) 29 and 28a (type iii ifns) bind to different cellular receptors and have distinct structures, most of their biological activities are redundant. apeu virus (apeuv) is a member of the bunyaviridae family isolated from the brazilian rain forest. in this paper we evaluated the antiviral activity of type i and type iii ifns against apeuv. all tested ifns were able to i ... | 2008 | 18657576 |
| analyses of patois group bunyaviruses: evidence for naturally occurring recombinant bunyaviruses and existence of immune precipitable and nonprecipitable nonvirion proteins induced in bunyavirus-infected cells. | shark river (sr) and pahayokee (pah) bunyaviruses (patois serogroup, bunyavirus genus, family bunyaviridae) have almost identical l and s rna oligonucleotide fingerprints, but m rna fingerprints that are different, suggesting that the two viruses may represent naturally occurring reassortant viruses. these observations are in agreement with serological studies (b. n. fields, b. e. henderson, p. h. coleman, and t. h. work, 1969, amer. j. epidemiol., 89, 222-226) which have distinguished these two ... | 1981 | 18635048 |
| [isolation of influenza virus a (orthomyxoviridae, influenza a virus), dhori virus (orthomyxoviridae, thogotovirus), and newcastle's disease virus (paromyxoviridae, avulavirus) on the malyi zhemchuzhnyi island in the north-western area of the caspian sea]. | the paper presents the results of the 2003 and 2006 environmental virological monitoring surveys on the malyi zhemchuzhnyi island where a large breeding colony of sea gull (laridae) is located. in the past several years, expansion of cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo) has enhanced the intensity of populational interactions. the investigators isolated 13 strains of influenza a virus (orthomyxoviridae, influenza a virus) subtype h13n1 (from sea gulls (n = 4), cormorants (n = 9) 1 strain of dhori vir ... | 2008 | 18590134 |
| bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by akabane virus in southern japan. | akabane virus is a member of the genus orthobunyavirus in the family bunyaviridae. it is transmitted by hematophagous arthropod vectors such as culicoides biting midges and is widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of the world. the virus is well known as a teratogenic pathogen which causes abortions, stillbirths, premature births and congenital abnormalities with arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in cattle, sheep and goats. on the other hand, it is reported that the virus rar ... | 2008 | 18554406 |
| the unique architecture of bunyamwera virus factories around the golgi complex. | viral factories are novel structures built by viruses in infected cells. during their construction organelles are recruited and build a large scaffold for viral replication and morphogenesis. we have studied how a bunyavirus uses the golgi to build the factory. with the help of confocal and 3d ultrastructural imaging together with molecular mapping in situ and in vitro we have characterized a tubular structure that harbours the viral replication complexes in a globular domain. numerous ribonucle ... | 2008 | 18547336 |
| potential mosquito vectors of arboviruses in portugal: species, distribution, abundance and west nile infection. | circulation of west nile virus in portugal was demonstrated by serological surveys, and the virus was isolated in 1969 from anopheles maculipennis s.l. a survey of the whole country was carried out (2001-2004) to assess the abundance of mosquito species and to screen them for arbovirus infection. a total of 770 collections yielded 32460 mosquitoes of 15 species. the regions with the highest abundance of mosquitoes were the coastal and estuarine districts of santarém, setúbal and faro. culex pipi ... | 2008 | 18455742 |
| high rates of molecular evolution in hantaviruses. | hantaviruses are rodent-borne bunyaviruses that infect the arvicolinae, murinae, and sigmodontinae subfamilies of muridae. the rate of molecular evolution in the hantaviruses has been previously estimated at approximately 10(-7) nucleotide substitutions per site, per year (substitutions/site/year), based on the assumption of codivergence and hence shared divergence times with their rodent hosts. if substantiated, this would make the hantaviruses among the slowest evolving of all rna viruses. how ... | 2008 | 18417484 |
| isolations of jamestown canyon virus (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) from field-collected mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in connecticut, usa: a ten-year analysis, 1997-2006. | jamestown canyon virus (jcv) (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis belonging to the california serogroup. it has a wide geographic distribution, occurring throughout much of temperate north america. white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus are the principal amplification hosts, and boreal aedes and ochlerotatus mosquitoes are the primary vectors. a 10-year study was undertaken to identify potential mosquito vectors in connecticut, quantify seasonal prevalence rates of inf ... | 2008 | 18386967 |
| nucleotide variability of toscana virus m segment in strains isolated from clinical cases. | toscana virus (tosv), a member of the bunyaviridae family, is an important etiologic agent of neurologic infection transmissible to humans by bites of the phlebotomus spp. in consideration of the variations in the antigenic properties of bunyaviruses and their potential genetic variability, we analysed a large region (2500nt) of the toscana virus m segment coding for the non-structural protein (nsm) and the g(n) and g(c) glycoproteins in several strains isolated from patients with meningitis fro ... | 2008 | 18353481 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the large (l) segment of the tahyna virus genome. | the tahyna virus (tahv) is an important human pathogen in the bunyaviridae family. to date, only the s and m segments of this virus have been sequenced, but the sequence of the l segment hasn't been established yet. in this study, we sequenced 963 nucleotides of the l segment of tahv, comprising pre-motif a and motif a in region 3 of the rna polymerase gene. | 2008 | 18351450 |
| viral haemorrhagic fever and vascular alterations. | pathogenesis of viral haemorrhagic fever (vhf) is closely associated with alterations of the vascular system. among the virus families causing vhf, filoviruses (marburg and ebola) are the most fatal, and will be focused on here. after entering the body, ebola primarily targets monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. infected dendritic cells are largely impaired in their activation potency, likely contributing to the immune suppression that occurs during filovirus infection. monocytes/macropha ... | 2008 | 18278167 |
| insights into bunyavirus architecture from electron cryotomography of uukuniemi virus. | bunyaviridae is a large family of viruses that have gained attention as "emerging viruses" because many members cause serious disease in humans, with an increasing number of outbreaks. these negative-strand rna viruses possess a membrane envelope covered by glycoproteins. the virions are pleiomorphic and thus have not been amenable to structural characterization using common techniques that involve averaging of electron microscopic images. here, we determined the three-dimensional structure of a ... | 2008 | 18272496 |
| genetic relationships of jamestown canyon virus strains infecting mosquitoes collected in connecticut. | jamestown canyon virus (jcv) (family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus) is maintained in a mosquito-deer cycle and has been implicated in the etiology of meningitis and encephalitis with human cases reported from ontario, canada, michigan, connecticut, and new york. despite the recognition of symptomatic cases in the northeastern united states, little is known about the genetic relationships of jcv variants circulating in this region. accordingly, we compared the phylogenetic relationships of ... | 2007 | 18165540 |
| molecular epidemiological analyses of the teratogenic aino virus based on the sequences of a small rna segment. | the sequences of a small rna segment of aino virus isolates were analyzed to define the molecular epidemiology and genetic relationships to other species in the genus orthobunyavirus in the family bunyaviridae. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the segment were highly conserved among strains isolated from 1964 to 2002 in japan. these japanese isolates were segregated into two distinct lineages, one containing the prototype strain janar28 isolated in 1964 and the other containing strains ... | 2008 | 18077110 |
| rescue of akabane virus (family bunyaviridae) entirely from cloned cdnas by using rna polymerase i. | reverse-genetic systems are often used to study different aspects of the viral life cycle. to date, three rescue systems have been developed for the family bunyaviridae. these systems use t7 rna polymerase, which is generally used in rescue systems for mononegavirales. in the present study, we describe a rescue system for akabane virus (family bunyaviridae) that uses cdnas and rna polymerase i instead of t7 rna polymerase. the utility of this system was demonstrated by the generation of a mutant ... | 2007 | 18024908 |
| the antiviral potential of interferon-induced cotton rat mx proteins against orthomyxovirus (influenza), rhabdovirus, and bunyavirus. | influenza a virus (fluav) is an important human pathogen able to cause devastating pandemics. recently, cotton rats have been proposed as an animal model to study the innate immune response against fluav and other human pathogens. the interferon (ifn)-induced mx gtpases are part of the cell-autonomous innate immune response against viruses. we, therefore, tested the antiviral activity of the two cotton rat mx proteins that were recently identified. the nuclear cotton rat mx1 protein was found to ... | 2007 | 17970694 |
| prevalence and protein specificity of human antibodies to inkoo virus infection. | inkoo virus (inkv), a member of the california serogroup orthobunyaviruses, is circulating widely in northern europe. although the virus was discovered over 40 years ago, the disease associations and immune responses in human infection are poorly characterized. we first developed an immunofluorescence assay (ifa) for the detection of inkv antibodies in humans, and then we studied a panel of 1,292 sera in patients with a febrile illness in finland. we found four acute (immunoglobulin m [igm] posi ... | 2007 | 17942611 |
| application of modified shell vial culture procedure for arbovirus detection. | the isolation of arboviruses from patient's low titer sera can be difficult. here we compared the detection efficiency of dengue (den), yellow fever (yf), saint louis encephalitis (sle), west nile (wn), ilheus (ilh), group c (gc), oropouche (oro), mayaro (may) and venezuela encephalitis equine (vee) viruses using a modified shell vial culture (msvc) protocol to a standard cell culture (scc) protocol. first the msvc and scc protocols were compared using five dilutions for each of the following st ... | 2007 | 17940598 |
| rna binding domain of jamestown canyon virus s segment rnas. | jamestown canyon virus (jcv) is a member of the bunyaviridae family, orthobunyavirus genus, california serogroup. replication and, ultimately, assembly and packaging rely on the process of encapsidation. therefore, the ability of viral rnas (vrnas) (genomic and antigenomic) to interact with the nucleocapsid protein (n protein) and the location of this binding domain on the rnas are of interest. the questions to be addressed are the following. where is the binding domain located on both the vrna ... | 2007 | 17913826 |
| natural m-segment reassortment in potosi and main drain viruses: implications for the evolution of orthobunyaviruses. | recently, we identified batai virus as the m-segment reassortment partner of ngari virus. extension of genetic analyses to other orthobunyaviruses related to the bunyamwera serogroup indicates additional natural genome reassortments. whereas the relative phylogenetic positions of all three genome segment sequences were similar for northway and kairi viruses, the relative positions of potosi and main drain virus m-segment sequences diverged from those of their s- and l-segments. our findings indi ... | 2007 | 17891328 |
| [brazil, land of choice for arbovirosis?]. | scores of arboviroses have been indexed in brazil with variable rates of morbidity and mortality. emergence of arboviroses and their transmission by hematophageous vectors are closely related to the country's recent history and in particular to its economic, social and ecological development. most arboviroses are caused by alphaviruses and flaviviruses. some species of bunyavirus are also found. brazil is often regarded as an arbovirus sanctuary where dormant or nonpathogenic viruses can find an ... | 2007 | 17784683 |
| caraparu virus (group c orthobunyavirus): sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the conserved region 3 of the rna polymerase gene. | here, for the first time, we report the nucleotide sequence of caraparu virus (carv) l segment and the analysis of the rna polymerase region 3 encoded by this segment. the 1,404 bp nucleotide sequence shares the highest identity with bunyamwera, la crosse, oropouche, and akabane virus sequences. the amino acid sequence was deduced and aligned with sequences from members of the bunyaviridae family and used for phylogenetic analysis. the carv clustered in the orthobunyavirus genus. the premotif a ... | 2007 | 17705031 |
| recent progress in molecular biology of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with a case fatality rate of up to 50%. a causative agent of cchf is cchf virus, which is a tick-borne virus in the family bunyaviridae, genus nairovirus. the virus is transmitted to humans through infected tick bites, squashed ticks or from direct contact with viremic animals or humans. outbreaks of cchf have been documented in africa, the middle east, eastern europe and western asia where the vector and/or reservoir ... | 2007 | 17692916 |
| the cytoplasmic tails of uukuniemi virus (bunyaviridae) g(n) and g(c) glycoproteins are important for intracellular targeting and the budding of virus-like particles. | functional motifs within the cytoplasmic tails of the two glycoproteins g(n) and g(c) of uukuniemi virus (uuk) (bunyaviridae family) were identified with the help of our recently developed virus-like particle (vlp) system for uuk virus (a. k. overby, v. popov, e. p. neve, and r. f. pettersson, j. virol. 80:10428-10435, 2006). we previously reported that information necessary for the packaging of ribonucleoproteins into vlps is located within the g(n) cytoplasmic tail (a. k. overby, r. f. petters ... | 2007 | 17670814 |
| genetic diversity and reassortments among akabane virus field isolates. | sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were carried out for 35 akabane virus (akav) field isolates collected from japan, taiwan, australia and kenya, and for one tinaroo virus (tinv). of the three rna segments, the m rna segment encoding the glycoproteins that induce neutralization antibodies was the most variable among the isolates. the difference in the m rna segments among asian (japanese and taiwanese) isolates was not large (<12.3% nucleotide (nt) and <5.9% amino acid (aa) differences), rathe ... | 2007 | 17659802 |
| validation of an indirect elisa based on a recombinant nucleocapsid protein of rift valley fever virus for the detection of igg antibody in humans. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (i-elisa) based on the recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rnp) of rift valley fever virus was validated for the detection of specific igg antibody in human sera. validation data sets derived from testing sera collected in africa (n=2967) were categorized according to the results of a virus neutralisation test. the assay had high intra- and inter-plate repeatability in routine runs. no detectable cross-reactions between igg antibodies generated from mice exper ... | 2007 | 17645952 |
| role of the cytoplasmic tail domains of bunyamwera orthobunyavirus glycoproteins gn and gc in virus assembly and morphogenesis. | the m rna genome segment of bunyamwera virus (bunv), the prototype of the bunyaviridae family, encodes a precursor polyprotein that is proteolytically cleaved to yield two structural proteins, gn and gc, and a nonstructural protein called nsm. gn and gc are type i integral transmembrane glycoproteins. the gn protein contains a predicted cytoplasmic tail (ct) of 78 residues, and gc has a shorter ct of 25 residues. little is known about the role of the gn and gc ct domains in the virus replication ... | 2007 | 17609275 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of t-705 against arenavirus and bunyavirus infections. | there is a need for the development of effective antivirals for the treatment of severe viral diseases caused by members of the virus families bunyaviridae and arenaviridae. the pyrazine derivative t-705 (6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) has demonstrated remarkable antiviral activity against influenza virus and, to a lesser degree, against some other rna viruses (y. furuta, k. takahashi, y. fukuda, m. kuno, t. kamiyama, k. kozaki, n. nomura, h. egawa, s. minami, y. watanabe, h. narita, ... | 2007 | 17606691 |
| interferon-induced mx proteins in antiviral host defense. | mx proteins are key components of the antiviral state induced by interferons in many species. they belong to the class of dynamin-like large guanosine triphosphatases (gtpases) known to be involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking and organelle homeostasis. mx gtpases share structural and functional properties with dynamin, such as self-assembly and association with intracellular membranes. a unique property of some mx gtpases is their antiviral activity against a wide range of rna viruses, ... | 2007 | 17570575 |
| emergent arboviruses in brazil. | brazil is a large tropical country (8,514,215 km(2)) with 185,360,000 inhabitants. more than one third of its territory is covered by tropical forests or other natural ecosystems. these provide ideal conditions for the existence of many arboviruses, which are maintained in a large variety of zoonotic cycles. the risk that new arboviruses might emerge in brazil is related to the existence of large, densely populated cities that are infested by mosquitoes such as culex and the highly anthropophili ... | 2007 | 17568894 |
| characterization of temperature-sensitive akabane virus mutants and their roles in attenuation. | akabane virus (akav) of the genus orthobunyavirus in the family bunyaviridae is an important animal pathogen; however, studies on akav biology are scarce. therefore, we generated temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of akav in order to study its pathogenesis. the ts akav mutants were generated by incubating the virulent obe-1 strain with the chemical mutagen 5-fluorouracil. each ts mutant was inoculated intracerebrally into mice to assess its virulence, and the genomic sequences of the attenuated ... | 2007 | 17533552 |
| molecular characterization of african orthobunyaviruses. | the genus orthobunyavirus is composed of segmented, negative-sense rna viruses that are responsible for mild to severe human diseases. to date, no molecular studies of bunyaviruses in the genus orthobunyavirus from central africa have been reported, and their classification relies on serological testing. four new primer pairs for rt-pcr amplification and sequencing of the complete genomic small (s) rna segments of 10 orthobunyaviruses isolated from the central african republic and pertaining to ... | 2007 | 17485537 |
| comparison of akabane virus isolated from sentinel cattle in japan. | adult cows, ewes, and goats infected with akabane virus (akav) of the genus orthobunyavirus of the family bunyaviridae do not present any clinical signs; however, in utero infections may result in abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, and congenital deformities such as arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in cattle, sheep, and goats. in contrast, the iriki strain, a variant of akav isolated from a calf with nervous signs and encephalitis, causes encephalitis in experimentally inoculated calv ... | 2007 | 17467929 |
| identification of a novel c-terminal cleavage of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus pregn that leads to generation of an nsm protein. | the structural glycoproteins of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv; genus nairovirus, family bunyaviridae) are derived through endoproteolytic cleavage of a 1,684-amino-acid m rna segment-encoded polyprotein. this polyprotein is cotranslationally cleaved into the pregn and pregc precursors, which are then cleaved by ski-1 and a ski-1-like protease to generate the n termini of gn and gc, respectively. however, the resulting polypeptide defined by the n termini of gn and gc is predicted ... | 2007 | 17409136 |
| bunyavirus mrna synthesis is coupled to translation to prevent premature transcription termination. | messenger rna transcription by bunyaviridae family members is unique within the group of negative-strand rna viruses as it requires on-going protein synthesis. the long-standing model explaining this phenomenon proposes that the translational requirement is not for a protein product, but instead is for ribosomal translocation along nascent mrnas. this movement is proposed to disrupt spurious transcription termination signals that otherwise cause premature mrna truncation leading to a fatal loss ... | 2007 | 17400818 |
| a novel, multipartite, negative-strand rna virus is associated with the ringspot disease of european mountain ash (sorbus aucuparia l.). | four rnas from a new plant-pathogenic virus, which we have tentatively named european mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (emarav), were identified and sequenced completely. all four viral rnas could be detected in previous double-stranded rna preparations. rna 1 (7040 nt) encodes a protein with similarity to the rna-dependent rna polymerase of different members of the bunyaviridae, a family containing five genera with viruses infecting invertebrates, vertebrates and plants. rna 2 (2335 nt) e ... | 2007 | 17374780 |
| in vitro and in vivo studies of the interferon-alpha action on distinct orthobunyavirus. | oropouche, caraparu, guama, guaroa and tacaiuma viruses (orthobunyavirus genus) cause human febrile illnesses and/or encephalitis. to achieve a therapeutical agent to prevent and/or treat these diseases we evaluated the antiviral action of interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) on these orthobunyaviruses. in vitro results showed that all the studied orthobunyaviruses are susceptible to antiviral action of ifn-alpha, but this susceptibility is limited and dependent on both concentration of drug and treatme ... | 2007 | 17368573 |
| la crosse bunyavirus nonstructural protein nss serves to suppress the type i interferon system of mammalian hosts. | la crosse virus (lacv) is a mosquito-transmitted member of the bunyaviridae family that causes severe encephalitis in children. for the lacv nonstructural protein nss, previous overexpression studies with mammalian cells had suggested two different functions, namely induction of apoptosis and inhibition of rna interference (rnai). here, we demonstrate that mosquito cells persistently infected with lacv do not undergo apoptosis and mount a specific rnai response. recombinant viruses that either e ... | 2007 | 17344298 |
| in vitro study of antiviral activity of mycophenolic acid on brazilian orthobunyaviruses. | oropouche, caraparu, guama, guaroa and tacaiuma are ssrna viruses that belong to the genus orthobunyavirus and have been associated with human febrile illnesses and/or encephalitis. in this study, we evaluated the antiviral action of mycophenolic acid (mpa) on theseorthobunyaviruses to achieve a therapeutic agent to treat the diseases caused by these viruses. | 2007 | 17283446 |
| antiviral activity and rna polymerase degradation following hsp90 inhibition in a range of negative strand viruses. | we have analyzed the effectiveness of hsp90 inhibitors in blocking the replication of negative-strand rna viruses. in cells infected with the prototype negative strand virus vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), inhibiting hsp90 activity reduced viral replication in cells infected at both high and low multiplicities of infection. this inhibition was observed using two hsp90 inhibitors geldanamycin and radicicol. silencing of hsp90 expression using sirna also reduced viral replication. hsp90 inhibiti ... | 2007 | 17258257 |
| descriptive and spatial epidemiology of rift valley fever outbreak in yemen 2000-2001. | rift valley fever (rvf) is an arboviral disease produced by a bunyavirus belonging to the genus phlebovirus. several species of aedes and culex are the vectors of this virus that affects sheep, goats, buffalos, cattle, camels and human beings. the human disease is well known, especially during periods of intense epizootic activity. the initial description of the disease dates back to 1930, when animals and human outbreaks appeared on a farm in lake naivasha, in the great rift valley of kenya. un ... | 2006 | 17135517 |
| in vitro and in vivo studies of ribavirin action on brazilian orthobunyavirus. | oropouche, caraparu, guama, guaroa, and tacaiuma are viruses (genus orthobunyavirus) that cause human febrile illnesses and encephalitis. the goal of this study was to evaluate the antiviral action of ribavirin on these orthobunyaviruses to achieve a therapeutical agent to treat the diseases caused by these viruses. in vitro results showed that ribavirin (50 microg/ml) had antiviral activity only on the tacaiuma virus. addition of guanosine in the culture reversed the antiviral effect of ribavir ... | 2006 | 17124004 |
| isolation of bunyamwera serogroup viruses (bunyaviridae, orthobunyavirus) in new york state. | during routine arbovirus surveillance from 2000 to 2004 in new york state (nys), 14,788 mosquito pools making up 36 species and nine genera were inoculated onto vero cell cultures to test for abroad spectrum of viruses. forty-six percent of viruses isolated in cell culture from species, excluding culex pipiens l. and culex restuans theobald, were identified as bunyamwera serogroup viruses. here, we report the distribution and level of bunyamwera activity in nys detected during this period. we de ... | 2006 | 17017240 |
| interaction of bunyamwera orthobunyavirus nss protein with mediator protein med8: a mechanism for inhibiting the interferon response. | the nss protein of bunyamwera virus (bunyaviridae) is an antiapoptotic interferon antagonist involved in silencing host protein expression by interfering with mrna synthesis. here, we show that the ability to inhibit both host transcription and the interferon response is linked to interaction of nss with the med8 component of mediator, a protein complex necessary for mrna production. the interacting domain on nss was mapped to the c-terminal region, which contains amino acids conserved among ort ... | 2006 | 16973571 |
| hantavirus n protein exhibits genus-specific recognition of the viral rna panhandle. | a key genomic characteristic that helps define hantavirus as a genus of the family bunyaviridae is the presence of distinctive terminal complementary nucleotides that promote the folding of the viral genomic segments into "panhandle" hairpin structures. the hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (n protein), which is encoded by the smallest of the three negative-sense genomic rna segments, undergoes in vivo and in vitro trimerization. trimeric hantavirus n protein specifically recognizes the panhandle ... | 2006 | 16971445 |
| a new genetic variant of la crosse virus (bunyaviridae) isolated from new england. | la crosse virus (lacv) is found primarily in the midwestern and appalachian regions of the united states where it is a leading cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in children. to determine whether the distribution of this virus extends further east into new england, we analyzed a bunyavirus that was isolated from a pool of eastern tree-hole mosquitoes, ochlerotatus triseriatus (= aedes triseriatus), collected from fairfield, connecticut (ct) in 2005. nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences ... | 2006 | 16968927 |
| requirement of the n-terminal region of orthobunyavirus nonstructural protein nsm for virus assembly and morphogenesis. | the nonstructural protein nsm of bunyamwera virus (bunv), the prototype of the bunyaviridae family, is encoded by the m segment in a polyprotein precursor, along with the virion glycoproteins, in the order gn-nsm-gc. as little is known of its function, we examined the intracellular localization, membrane integrality, and topology of nsm and its role in virus replication. we confirmed that nsm is an integral membrane protein and that it localizes in the golgi complex, together with gn and gc. coi ... | 2006 | 16873265 |
| genetic characterization of batai virus indicates a genomic reassortment between orthobunyaviruses in nature. | two viruses were isolated from bovine blood in the southernmost part of japan in 1994 and 2001, respectively. genetic analyses showed that the viruses were batai virus of the genus orthobunyavirus of the family bunyaviridae. the sequencing of three genomic rna segments of the japanese and malaysian batai virus strains revealed that the m rna segment of batai virus had high sequence identity with that of ngari virus. our results indicate that ngari virus is a genetic reassortant with s and l rna ... | 2006 | 16820982 |
| studying cellular architecture in three dimensions with improved resolution: ta replicas revisited. | metal replicas have been used for surface analysis of biological structures with a variety of spatial resolutions. platinum (pt) has been the metal of choice because it provides very stable replicas and images of high contrast. some other metals, such as tantalum (ta) have been reported to provide better resolution on isolated macromolecular complexes and cellular structures. our goal is to study the gain in detail with ta and to evaluate if it provides enough detail and resolution to assist in ... | 2006 | 16798024 |
| [west nile virus and its vectors]. | there are more than five hundred known arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) all around the world and approximately hundred of them may cause disease in humans. during the past 20 years there has been a dramatic resurgence or emergence of epidemic arboviral diseases affecting both humans and domestic animals. many factors play important roles in the emergence of arboviral diseases like yellow fever, dengue, west nile encephalitis, and of other diseases such as malaria and leishmaniasis in countr ... | 2006 | 16775967 |
| the acre project: the epidemiology of malaria and arthropod-borne virus infections in a rural amazonian population. | the authors describe the baseline malaria prevalence and arbovirus seroprevalence among 467 subjects in an ongoing cohort study in rural amazonia. most subjects (72.2%) reported one or more previous episodes of malaria, and 15.6% had been hospitalized for malaria, but only 3.6% of individuals five years or older had malaria parasites detected by microscopy (10 with plasmodium vivax and 4 with p. falciparum). antibodies to alphavirus, orthobunyavirus, and/or flavivirus were detected by hemaggluti ... | 2006 | 16751971 |
| survey of aedes triseriatus (diptera: culicidae) for lacrosse encephalitis virus and west nile virus in lorain county, ohio. | from june through september 2003, we conducted a survey of female aedes triseriatus (say) for infection with la crosse encephalitis virus (family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus, lacv) and west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) at three locations in lorain county, ohio. to determine infection rate and seasonal variation of both viruses in the ae. triseriatus population, ae. triseriatus were collected weekly by using gravid traps and co2-baited cdc light traps and tested ... | 2006 | 16739420 |
| chronological and geographical variations in the small rna segment of the teratogenic akabane virus. | characterization of the small rna segment of the teratogenic akabane virus was performed to define the genetic heterogeneity and molecular epidemiology of the virus. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences were highly conserved among the akabane virus isolates, irrespective of the year of isolation and geographical origin, except for a kenyan strain mp496. on the basis of the nucleocapsid gene sequences of the segment, 170 field isolates were grouped into four distinct phylogenetic lineages. the ... | 2006 | 16730837 |
| batai and ngari viruses: m segment reassortment and association with severe febrile disease outbreaks in east africa. | ngari virus is an orthobunyavirus recently recognized as a reassortant between bunyamwera virus and an as yet unidentified m segment donor. analysis of m segment sequences of batai and ilesha viruses revealed 95% deduced amino acid identity between batai virus and ngari virus. these findings suggest batai virus as the donor of ngari virus m segment sequence. analysis of batai virus-related african isolates identified ugmp-6830, isolated from mosquitoes in uganda, as an isolate of batai virus. kv ... | 2006 | 16699043 |
| seroprevalence of tick-borne and mosquito-borne arboviruses in european brown hares in northern and western germany. | tríbec virus (kemerovo serogroup, genus orbivirus), eyach virus (genus coltivirus), and tahyna virus (california encephalitis serogroup, genus bunyavirus) are arthropod-borne viruses known to occur in germany. these viruses are also suspected to cause human disease. so far, no information is available on their geographical distribution in germany and their natural transmission cycles. a total of 166 sera from european brown hares (lepus europaeus) collected in seven districts of the federal stat ... | 2006 | 16530475 |
| rescue of infectious rift valley fever virus entirely from cdna, analysis of virus lacking the nss gene, and expression of a foreign gene. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv) (genus phlebovirus, family bunyaviridae) has a tripartite negative-strand genome, causes a mosquito-borne disease that is endemic in sub-saharan african countries and that also causes large epidemics among humans and livestock. furthermore, it is a bioterrorist threat and poses a risk for introduction to other areas. in spite of its danger, neither veterinary nor human vaccines are available. we established a t7 rna polymerase-driven reverse genetics system to resc ... | 2006 | 16501102 |
| quantitative analysis of la crosse virus transcription and replication in cell cultures and mosquitoes. | la crosse (lac) virus (family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus) small (s) segment negative-sense rna genome (vrna), positive-sense full-length rna complement (vcrna), and subgenomic mrna were assayed in infected cell cultures and female aedes (ochlerotatus) triseriatus mosquito tissues using quantitative pcr (q-pcr). during persistent infection of c6/36 (aedes albopictus) and mat (aedes triseriatus) cultured cells and cytolytic infection of bhk-21 cultured cells, lac vrna was the most abundan ... | 2006 | 16474075 |
| characterization of maguari orthobunyavirus mutants suggests the nonstructural protein nsm is not essential for growth in tissue culture. | maguari virus (magv; genus orthobunyavirus, family bunyaviridae) contains a tripartite negative-sense rna genome. like all orthobunyaviruses, the medium (m) genome segment encodes a precursor polyprotein (nh(2)-gn-nsm-gc-cooh) for the two virion glycoproteins gn and gc and a nonstructural protein nsm. the nucleotide sequences of the m segment of wild-type (wt) magv, of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant, and of two non-ts revertants, r1 and r2, that show electrophoretic mobility differences in ... | 2006 | 16445958 |
| the bunyavirus nucleocapsid protein is an rna chaperone: possible roles in viral rna panhandle formation and genome replication. | cellular rna chaperones are crucial for the genesis of correctly folded functional rnas. using several complementary in vitro assays we find that the bunyavirus nucleocapsid protein (n) is an rna chaperone. in the bunyaviridae genomic rna is in stable "panhandle" formation that arises through the hydrogen bonding of the terminal nucleotides of the rna. the rna chaperone function of n facilitates panhandle formation even though the termini are separated by >2 kb. rna panhandle formation is likely ... | 2006 | 16428606 |
| assay and functional analysis of dynamin-like mx proteins. | mx proteins are interferon-induced large guanosine triphosphatases (gtpases) that share structural and functional properties with dynamin and dynamin-like proteins, such as self-assembly and association with intracellular membranes. a unique property of some mx proteins is their antiviral activity against a range of rna viruses, including influenza viruses and members of the bunyavirus family. these viruses are inhibited at an early stage in their life cycle, soon after host cell entry and befor ... | 2005 | 16413306 |
| rift valley fever virus. | rift valley fever is considered to be one of the most important viral zoonoses in africa. in 2000, the rift valley fever virus spread to the arabian peninsula and caused two simultaneous outbreaks in yemen and saudi arabia. it is transmitted to ruminants and to humans by mosquitoes. the viral agent is an arbovirus, which belongs to the phlebovirus genus in the bunyaviridae family. this family of viruses comprises more than 300 members grouped into five genera: orthobunyavirus, phlebovirus, hanta ... | 2005 | 16375716 |
| isolation of viruses from mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected in the amazon basin region of peru. | as part of a comprehensive study on the ecology of arthropod-borne viruses in the amazon basin region of peru, we assayed 539,694 mosquitoes captured in loreto department, peru, for arboviruses. mosquitoes were captured either by dry ice-baited miniature light traps or with aspirators while mosquitoes were landing on human collectors, identified to species, and later tested on vero cells for virus. in total, 164 virus isolations were made and included members of the alphavirus (eastern equine en ... | 2005 | 16366001 |
| isolations of potosi virus from mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) collected in connecticut. | potosi virus (potv) (bunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) was first isolated from aedes albopictus (skuse) collected in potosi, mo, in 1989, and subsequent isolations were reported from illinois, michigan, ohio, and the carolinas. to determine whether the distribution of this virus extends into the northeastern united states, we analyzed arboviruses acquired from mosquitoes collected in connecticut from 1998 to 2004. in 2001, a bunyavirus was isolated from aedes vexans (meigen) that was different from ... | 2005 | 16363172 |
| identification of the bunyamwera bunyavirus transcription termination signal. | bunyamwera virus (bunv) is the prototype of the family bunyaviridae, which comprises segmented rna viruses. each of the bunv negative-strand segments, small (s), medium (m) and large (l), serves as template for two distinct rna-synthesis activities: (i) replication to generate antigenomes that are in turn replicated to yield further genomes; and (ii) transcription to generate a single species of mrna. bunv mrnas are truncated at their 3' ends relative to the genome template, presumably because t ... | 2006 | 16361431 |
| genetic elements regulating packaging of the bunyamwera orthobunyavirus genome. | the genome of bunyamwera virus (bun; family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus) comprises three segments of negative-sense, single-stranded rna. the rna segments are encapsidated by the viral nucleocapsid (n) protein and form panhandle-like structures through interaction of complementary sequences at their 5' and 3' termini. transcription and replication of a bun genome analogue (minireplicon), comprising the viral non-coding sequences flanking a reporter gene, requires just the viral rna polym ... | 2006 | 16361430 |
| oropouche virus isolation, southeast brazil. | an oropouche virus strain was isolated from a novel host (callithrix sp.) in arinos, minas gerais state, southeastern brazil. the virus was identified by complement fixation test and confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. phylogenetic analysis identified this strain as a genotype iii isolate previously recognized only in panama. | 2005 | 16318707 |
| emerging infectious diseases: the bunyaviridae. | the bunyaviridae are a large group of viruses that infect a diversity of arthropod vectors and animal hosts. they have a worldwide distribution and can be the cause of human illness ranging from mild asymptomatic infection to hemorrhagic fever and fatal encephalitis. the growth of the human population, the expansion of agricultural and economic development, climatic changes, and the speed and frequency of global transportation all favor the emergence of bunyaviruses and other arthropod borne vir ... | 2005 | 16287682 |
| complete l segment coding-region sequences of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains from the russian federation and tajikistan. | the large (l) rna segment of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus strain ast/ti30908, isolated from pooled hyalomma marginatum ticks collected in 2002 from the astrakhan region of european russia, was amplified piecemeal using reverse-transcription/polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct sequencing of gel-purified amplicons. after removal of 5' and 3' primer-generated termini, the assembled ast/ti30908 l segment sequence is 12112 nucleotides long, with 41.3% g + c content, and is g ... | 2006 | 16195783 |
| homotypic interaction of bunyamwera virus nucleocapsid protein. | the bunyavirus nucleocapsid protein, n, plays a central role in viral replication in encapsidating the three genomic rna segments to form functional templates for transcription and replication by the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. here we report functional mapping of interacting domains of the bunyamwera orthobunyavirus n protein by yeast and mammalian two-hybrid systems, immunoprecipitation experiments, and chemical cross-linking studies. n forms a range of multimers from dimers to high-mo ... | 2005 | 16189017 |
| mutational analyses of the nonconserved sequences in the bunyamwera orthobunyavirus s segment untranslated regions. | bunyamwera virus (bunv) is the prototype of the genus orthobunyavirus and the family bunyaviridae. bunv has a tripartite genome of negative-sense rna composed of small (s), medium (m), and large (l) segments. partially complementary untranslated regions (utrs) flank the coding region of each segment. the terminal 11 nucleotides of these utrs are conserved between the three segments and throughout the genus, while the internal regions are unique to each segment and largely nonconserved between di ... | 2005 | 16188988 |
| immunogenicity of combination dna vaccines for rift valley fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, hantaan virus, and crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | dna vaccines for rift valley fever virus (rvfv), crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv), tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), and hantaan virus (htnv), were tested in mice alone or in various combinations. the bunyavirus vaccines (rvfv, cchfv, and htnv) expressed gn and gc genes, and the flavivirus vaccine (tbev) expressed the prem and e genes. all vaccines were delivered by gene gun. the tbev dna vaccine and the rvfv dna vaccine elicited similar levels of antibodies and protected mice f ... | 2006 | 16174542 |
| key golgi factors for structural and functional maturation of bunyamwera virus. | several complex enveloped viruses assemble in the membranes of the secretory pathway, such as the golgi apparatus. among them, bunyaviruses form immature viral particles that change their structure in a trans-golgi-dependent manner. to identify key golgi factors for viral structural maturation, we have purified and characterized the three viral forms assembled in infected cells, two intracellular intermediates and the extracellular mature virion. the first viral form is a pleomorphic structure w ... | 2005 | 16103138 |
| specific and common changes in nicotiana benthamiana gene expression in response to infection by enveloped viruses. | microarrays derived from solanum tuberosum expressed sequence tags were used to test the hypothesis that genetically distinct enveloped viruses elicit unique changes in nicotiana benthamiana gene expression. the results of our study, which included sonchus yellow net virus (synv), a plant rhabdovirus that replicates in the nucleus of infected cells, and impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv), a plant bunyavirus that replicates in the cytoplasm, were consistent with this hypothesis. statistically s ... | 2005 | 16099921 |
| molecular epidemiology of group c viruses (bunyaviridae, orthobunyavirus) isolated in the americas. | to date, no molecular studies on group c viruses (bunyaviridae, orthobunyavirus) have been published. we determined the complete small rna (srna) segment and partial medium rna segment nucleotide sequences for 13 group c members. the full-length srna sequences ranged from 915 to 926 nucleotides in length, and revealed similar organization in comparison with other orthobunyaviruses. based on the 705 nucleotides of the n gene, group c members were distributed into three major phylogenetic groups, ... | 2005 | 16051848 |
| efficient cdna-based rescue of la crosse bunyaviruses expressing or lacking the nonstructural protein nss. | la crosse virus (lacv) belongs to the bunyaviridae family and causes severe encephalitis in children. it has a negative-sense rna genome which consists of the three segments l, m, and s. we successfully rescued lacv by transfection of just three plasmids, using a system which was previously established for bunyamwera virus (lowen et al., virology 330:493-500, 2004). these cdna plasmids represent the three viral rna segments in the antigenomic orientation, transcribed intracellularly by the t7 rn ... | 2005 | 16051834 |
| detection and localization of rice stripe virus gene products in vivo. | the genome of the tenuivirus, rice stripe virus (rsv) comprises four rnas, the smallest three of which each contain two open reading frames (orfs) arranged in an ambisense manner. the expression of the orfs from rnas 2-4 in plants and the insect vector, laodelphax striatellus, was studied using antisera raised against the gene products. in western blotting of the proteins from infected plants, the molecular masses of p2, p3, pc3 (nucleocapsid protein, n) and p4 (major non-structural protein, ncp ... | 2005 | 16025247 |
| the role of particle-mediated dna vaccines in biodefense preparedness. | particle-mediated epidermal delivery (pmed) of dna vaccines is based on the acceleration of dna-coated gold directly into the cytoplasm and nuclei of living cells of the epidermis, facilitating dna delivery and gene expression. professional antigen-presenting cells and keratinocytes in the skin are both targeted, resulting in antigen presentation via direct transfection and cross-priming mechanisms. only a small number of cells need to be transfected to elicit humoral, cellular and memory respon ... | 2005 | 15935876 |
| california serogroup gc (g1) glycoprotein is the principal determinant of ph-dependent cell fusion and entry. | members of the california serogroup of orthobunyaviruses, particularly la crosse (lac) and tahyna (tah) viruses, are significant human pathogens in areas where their mosquito vectors are endemic. previous studies using wild-type lac and tah181/57, a highly neurovirulent strain with low neuroinvasiveness (janssen, r., gonzalez-scarano, f., nathanson, n., 1984. mechanisms of bunyavirus virulence. comparative pathogenesis of a virulent strain of la crosse and an avirulent strain of tahyna virus. la ... | 2005 | 15923017 |
| attenuation of bunyavirus replication by rearrangement of viral coding and noncoding sequences. | bunyamwera virus (bun) is the prototype virus of the family bunyaviridae. bun has a tripartite negative-sense rna genome comprising small (s), medium (m), and large (l) segments. partially complementary untranslated regions (utrs) flank the coding region of each segment. the terminal 11 nucleotides of these utrs are conserved between the three segments, while the internal regions are unique. the utrs direct replication and transcription of viral rna and are sufficient to allow encapsidation of v ... | 2005 | 15890933 |
| intracellular localization of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus glycoproteins. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv), a member of the genus nairovirus, family bunyaviridae, is a tick-borne pathogen causing severe disease in humans. to better understand the cchfv life cycle and explore potential intervention strategies, we studied the biosynthesis and intracellular targeting of the glycoproteins, which are encoded by the m genome segment. | 2005 | 15850490 |
| rift valley fever virus nonstructural protein nss promotes viral rna replication and transcription in a minigenome system. | rift valley fever virus (rvfv), which belongs to the genus phlebovirus, family bunyaviridae, has a tripartite negative-strand genome (s, m, and l segments) and is an important mosquito-borne pathogen for domestic animals and humans. we established an rvfv t7 rna polymerase-driven minigenome system in which t7 rna polymerase from an expression plasmid drove expression of rna transcripts for viral proteins and minigenome rna transcripts carrying a reporter gene between both termini of the m rna se ... | 2005 | 15827175 |