Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| alkaline phosphatase as an indicator of true ejaculation in the rhinoceros. | the objective was to determine if seminal alkaline phosphatase (alp) can serve as an indicator of true ejaculation in the rhinoceros. concentrations of alp activity were determined in seminal fractions collected from african black rhinos (diceros bicornis), an african white rhino (ceratotherium simum), and an indian rhino (rhinoceros unicornis) during electroejaculation. in addition, seminal fractions collected during penile massage of a sumatran rhino (dicerorhinus sumatrensis) were assessed. c ... | 2010 | 20615535 |
| comparative investigations on digestion in grazing (ceratotherium simum) and browsing (diceros bicornis) rhinoceroses. | rhinoceroses represent the largest extant herbivores with extensive dietary specialization for plant groups like browse (black rhino diceros bicornis) or grass (white rhino ceratotherium simum). however, it is not clear to what extent such diet selection patterns are reflected in adaptations of digestive physiology of the respective feeding types. in this study, feeding trials with four black and five white rhinos were conducted in four zoos. the animals had ad libitum access to the same batch o ... | 2010 | 20227512 |
| seminoma in a southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor): diagnosis, surgical management and effect on fertility. | a testicular mass was identified by ultrasonography performed during a routine reproductive evaluation of an adult male southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). histological examination of a testicular biopsy supported a presumptive diagnosis of testicular neoplasia. hemi-castration was performed to excise the affected testis and a pathological diagnosis of a seminoma was made. assessment of semen suggested reduced fertility as a consequence of the neoplastic process, but hemi-castrat ... | 2010 | 20148829 |
| acid-base balance and ventilation during sternal and lateral recumbency in field immobilized black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) receiving oxygen insufflation: a preliminary report. | posture, ventilation, and acid-base balance using auricular venous blood values (ph, lactate, base excess [be], hco(3)(-), po(2), so(2), and pco(2)), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (spo(2)), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (p(et)co(2)) were compared between sternal (ste) and lateral (lat) recumbency in free-ranging black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis bicornis) receiving oxygen insufflation. data are reported as median, minimum, and maximum (median [minimum, maximum]). thirty-six desert-adapted blac ... | 2010 | 20090037 |
| application of elephant tb stat-pak assay and mapia (multi-antigen print immunoassay) for detection of tuberculosis and monitoring of treatment in black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | many wildlife species including rhinos are susceptible to infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis or m. bovis. antemortem diagnostic testing in large exotic hoof stock species has been limited by challenges associated with test administration, sample collection, and interpretation. hence, a simple, rapid, blood-based test is needed. two confirmed m. tuberculosis-infected black rhinoceros and one exposed suspect were evaluated for antibody responses using a lateral-flow rapid test (elephanttb s ... | 2009 | 20063826 |
| pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium bovis in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) in south africa. | we report a case of tuberculosis due to infection with mycobacterium bovis in an elderly male black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) from the limpopo province in south africa. the animal was euthanized due to very poor condition, old age, and dental attrition. necropsy examination revealed two small nonencapsulated granulomas (approximately 40-mm diameter) in the dorsocaudal lobe of the left lung. sequencing of isolated crude lung tissue pcr product and boiled lung culture samples confirmed t ... | 2009 | 19901395 |
| a comparative approach to the study of keeper-animal relationships in the zoo. | research on intensively farmed animals over the past 25 years has shown that human-animal interactions, by affecting the animal's fear of humans, can markedly limit the productivity and welfare of farm animals. this article begins to explore some of the factors that need to be considered to investigate keeper-animal relationships (kars) in the zoo. in the mid-1990s, a large body of multi-institutional data on zookeepers and animals was collected from 46 zoos. using standardized questionnaires, 8 ... | 2009 | 19885915 |
| coccidioidomycosis in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | a 5-yr-old female black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was euthanized 11 mo after arrival at the milwaukee county zoo (milwaukee, wisconsin, usa) from glen rose, texas (usa) for a severe progressive rear leg lameness of 6-mo duration. gross necropsy revealed complete rupture of the capital ligament of the left femur with synovitis and osteomyelitis. multifocal lymphadenopathy with chronic suppurative lymphadenitis of the tracheobronchial, left supramammary, and iliac lymph nodes was present. gran ... | 2009 | 19569488 |
| analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes from extinct and extant rhinoceroses reveals lack of phylogenetic resolution. | the scientific literature contains many examples where dna sequence analyses have been used to provide definitive answers to phylogenetic problems that traditional (non-dna based) approaches alone have failed to resolve. one notable example concerns the rhinoceroses, a group for which several contradictory phylogenies were proposed on the basis of morphology, then apparently resolved using mitochondrial dna fragments. | 2009 | 19432984 |
| feasibility of sex-sorting sperm from the white and the black rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum, diceros bicornis). | the objective of these studies was to investigate the practicality of flow cytometric sex-sorting for spermatozoa from the white and the black rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum, diceros bicornis). in experiment 1, four semen extenders were tested regarding their suitability for liquid preservation of spermatozoa before sorting. dilution in mes-hepes-based semen extender followed by incubation generated best sperm quality parameters (motility, viability, and acrosome integrity). in experiment 2, th ... | 2009 | 19411099 |
| effects of sociosexual environment on serum testosterone in captive male african rhinoceros. | the relationships between testosterone concentrations in male african rhinoceros and the presence of conspecific males and females were investigated. serum testosterone concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) in 37 male black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) and 21 male white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) housed at 37 institutions in the usa. testosterone concentrations in both black (n=37) and white (n=21) rhinoceros males rose with increasing numbers of females prese ... | 2009 | 19167747 |
| germany/australia index of sperm sex sortability in elephants and rhinoceros. | flow cytometric sexing of spermatozoa followed by application in artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization provides a unique opportunity to predetermine the sex of offspring and might enhance the conservation management of endangered species in captivity such as the elephant and rhinoceros. to obtain an indication of the sortability of spermatozoa from these species, the relative dna differences between x and y chromosome bearing spermatozoa (fresh, frozen thawed, epididymal) from three ... | 2009 | 19055564 |
| black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) populations in northwestern namibia are apparently not infected with piroplasms. | babesiosis is a potentially fatal disease in black rhinoceroses. blood specimens collected from black rhinoceroses from etosha national park (n = 29) and damaraland (n = 22), namibia, were subjected to polymerase chain reaction using theileria and babesia genus-specific primers and reverse line blot, with negative results. the animals were sparsely infested with ticks. in the absence of suitable prophylactic measures, naïve rhinoceroses would be at risk if translocated to babesia-endemic areas. | 2008 | 18957663 |
| urinalysis in three species of captive rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis, dicerorhinus sumatrensis, and diceros bicornis). | this study reports urinalysis values for three species of captive rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis, dicerorhinus sumatrensis, and diceros bicornis) and evaluates individual and species differences. repeated urinalysis was conducted on 11 individuals to establish normal reference ranges. although no individual or species differences existed in urinary values for ph, all species differed in specific gravity. rhinoceros urine demonstrated many physical and chemical properties similar to that of the ... | 2008 | 18816996 |
| high serum concentrations of iron, transferrin saturation and gamma glutamyl transferase in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | iron storage disease (haemochromatosis) is thought to be the cause of many disorders unique to captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). to establish reliable reference ranges for iron parameters, serum samples from 27 eastern black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli) from a translocation programme in kenya were analysed and compared with the samples from 17 captive individuals. the transferrin saturation, serum iron concentration and gamma glutamyl transferase were significantly highe ... | 2008 | 18515759 |
| fatty acid status in captive and free-ranging black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | the fatty acid (fa) patterns of plasma/serum triglycerides (tg), phospholipids (pl) and cholesteryl esters (ce) of captive and free-ranging black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) were investigated. free-ranging animals (n = 28) stemmed from four different regions. captive animals sampled included specimens from north american (n = 11) and three different european facilities (n = 6). the european animals were tested on 1-4 different diets, resulting in a total of 15 blood samples. regardless of di ... | 2008 | 18477302 |
| retinal ganglion cell density of the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis): calculating visual resolution. | a single right retina from a black rhinoceros was whole mounted, stained and analyzed to determine the visual resolution of the rhinoceros, an animal with reputedly poor eyesight. a range of small (15-microm diameter) to large (100-microm diameter) ganglion cell types was seen across the retina. we observed two regions of high density of retinal ganglion cells at either end of a long, but thin, horizontal streak. the temporal specialization, which receives light from the anterior visual field, e ... | 2008 | 18442443 |
| salmonella surveillance in a herd of asymptomatic captive black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) using fecal culture and pcr. | feces were collected from captive black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) housed at disney's animal kingdom to examine the frequency of salmonella spp. shedding in asymptomatic animals using enrichment culture and broth culture- polymerase-chain-reaction (pcr) for detection. three samples per animal were collected during the first week of each month between february 2001 and december 2003. during the study period, six different individual animals from one herd participated in the study, includ ... | 2008 | 18432096 |
| risk factors associated with a skewed natal sex ratio in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) in the united states. | the skew toward males in the sex ratio of calves is considered to be a problem for the captive population of black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) in north america. this study used a retrospective case-control design to determine whether there was a predisposition toward birth of male calves over female calves and to examine risk factors associated with the occurrence of any detected skewed natal sex ratio in captive black rhinoceroses in the united states. the study population included captive ... | 2007 | 18229858 |
| corticosteroid-induced suppression of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in four captive rhinoceros species. | captive african black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) are unusually susceptible to several diseases not commonly observed in any of the other three rhinoceros species maintained in captivity. the potential role of corticosteroids (either endogenously produced or exogenously administered) in the development of these sometimes fatal diseases has been questioned. in this study, the suppressive effects of two therapeutic corticosteroids (dexamethasone and hydrocortisone) on in vitro lymphocyte proli ... | 2007 | 18229856 |
| a review of some of the health issues of captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | in captivity, black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) are beset by many disease syndromes not described in black rhinoceroses in the wild. hemolytic anemia, hepatopathy, and ulcerative dermatopathy that lead to increased morbidity and mortality characterize these syndromes. it is uncertain whether these are separate disease syndromes with different etiologies or the same disease with different manifestations. this article offers a brief review of some of the health issues of concern for the captiv ... | 2007 | 18229855 |
| quantification of enterobacteriaceae in faeces of captive black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) in relation to dietary tannin supplementation. | free-ranging browsing herbivores ingest a range of secondary plant compounds, such as tannins, with their natural diet. as many of these substances have been shown to have antibacterial properties, it could be speculated that a lack of such compounds in captive zoo diets could favour the growth of potentially pathogenic intestinal bacteria. the effect of a supplementation of a conventional diet (n, consisting mainly of grass hay and/or lucerne hay and pelleted compound feeds) fed to eight captiv ... | 2008 | 18184377 |
| the influence of dietary tannin supplementation on digestive performance in captive black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | free-ranging browsers such as the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) consume a diet that contains tannins, whereas the diets offered to them in captivity consist mostly of items known to contain hardly any such secondary plant compounds. tannins could have potentially beneficial effects, including the chelation of dietary iron (iron storage disease is a common problem in black rhinos). here, we tested the acceptance, and the consequences on digestion variables, of a low-dose tannin supplementat ... | 2007 | 17988348 |
| assisted reproduction in female rhinoceros and elephants--current status and future perspective. | over the last few decades, rhinoceroses and elephants became important icons in the saga of wildlife conservation. recent surveys estimate the wild asian (elephas maximus) and african (loxodonta africana) elephant populations to be, at most, 50 250 and 637 600 respectively. for the five rhinoceros species, black (diceros bicornis), white (ceratotherium simum), indian (rhinoceros unicornis), javan (rhinoceros sondaicus) and sumatran rhinoceros (dicerorhinus sumatrensis), the population estimates ... | 2007 | 17688600 |
| mineral absorption in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) as compared with the domestic horse. | to test whether mineral recommendations for horses are likely to guarantee adequate mineral provision for black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), we investigated the apparent absorption (aa) of macro- and microminerals in eight black rhinoceroses from three zoological institutions in a total of 32 feeding trials with total faecal collection, with additional data from three unpublished studies (18 feeding trials). feeds and faeces were analysed for ca, p, mg, na, k, fe, mn, cu, zn and co. the resu ... | 2007 | 17516940 |
| anesthesia and use of a sling system to facilitate transvaginal laparoscopy in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). | transvaginal laparoscopy to allow assessment of ovarian pathology and to attempt retrieval of oocytes was facilitated in a captive, female black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) through the use of a sling on two separate occasions. following induction of anesthesia with an opioid-based combination, the rhinoceros was intubated and maintained on isoflurane in oxygen. the use of the sling and volume controlled inhalation anesthesia allowed for maintenance of appropriate anatomic positioning, an ... | 2006 | 17312803 |
| semen collection in rhinoceroses (rhinoceros unicornis, diceros bicornis, ceratotherium simum) by electroejaculation with a uniquely designed probe. | electroejaculation in rhinoceroses has historically yielded inconsistent results, with the collection of high-quality, sperm-rich samples rare. the goal of this study was to develop a reliable method of electroejaculation in the rhinoceros by designing a rectal probe that appropriately fits the anatomy of this taxon and refining the procedure. a curved probe handle ending in an oblate, ellipsoid head was built using readily available supplies. a combination of rectal massage, penile massage, and ... | 2005 | 17312718 |
| cloning, sequencing and expression of white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and the production of rhinoceros ifn-gamma specific antibodies. | bovine tuberculosis (btb) is endemic in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the kruger national park (knp). in addition to buffalo, mycobacterium bovis has been found in at least 14 other mammalian species in south africa, including kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros), chacma baboon (papio ursinus) and lion (panthera leo). this has raised concern about the spillover into other potentially susceptible species like rhinoceros, thus jeopardising breeding and relocation projects aiming at the conservat ... | 2007 | 17118460 |
| antioxidant status of faeces of captive black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) in relation to dietary tannin supplementation. | in context with the frequent observations of excessive iron (fe) storage in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), it has been suggested that both an excessive dietary fe content and a lack of dietary fe-chelating substances, such as tannins, is the underlying cause. therefore, studies on the effects of tannin supplementation to captive diet are warranted. six captive rhinoceroses were fed their normal zoo diet (n), and a similar diet supplemented with either tannic acid (t, hydrolysable ... | 2006 | 16901277 |
| digestion coefficients achieved by the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis), a large browsing hindgut fermenter. | in contrast to the grazing white (c. simum) and indian (r. unicornis) rhinoceros, the black rhinoceros (d. bicornis) is an exclusive browser. due to the particular fermentation characteristics of browse, one would expect browsers to display both shorter ingesta retention times and lower digestion coefficients on comparable diets than grazers. in order to generate a database to test this hypothesis, we performed digestibility studies in eight black rhinoceroses (d. bicornis) from three zoological ... | 2006 | 16867078 |
| absence of hypomethylation and line-1 amplification in a white x black rhinoceros hybrid. | genomic stress resulting from the interspecific hybridization of marsupials has been shown to lead to hypomethylation and transposable element over-amplification. here we investigated both methylation status and transposable element (line-1) activity in an f1 hybrid between the black (diceros bicornis) and white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum). our data show that in this instance the hybrid genome was not characterised by gross hypomethylation and line-1 over-amplification thus extending previo ... | 2006 | 16850215 |
| macromineral absorption in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) compared with the domestic horse. | 2006 | 16772484 | |
| genetic variation and population structure in remnant populations of black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis, in africa. | black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) are one of the most endangered mammal species in africa, with a population decline of more than 96% by the end of the last century. habitat destruction and encroachment has resulted in fragmentation of the remaining populations. to assist in conservation management, baseline information is provided here on relative genetic diversity and population differentiation among the four remaining recognized subspecies. using microsatellite data from nine loci and 121 b ... | 2005 | 16101768 |
| comparative studies of mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in four captive rhinoceros species. | cellular immune function in four rhinoceros species was evaluated by way of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation responses to mitogenic and antigenic stimuli to establish normative data on white blood cell activity for each species and to identify species-specific differences that might help explain the predisposition of black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) to disease. a cross section of the u.s. rhinoceros population encompassing all four captive species was sampled, including the sumatran rhinoc ... | 2004 | 15732584 |
| tannin-binding salivary proteins in three captive rhinoceros species. | tannin-binding salivary proteins (tbsp) are considered to be counter-defences acquired in the course of evolution by animals whose natural forage contains such tannins. as tannins mostly occur in browse material but not in grasses, it is assumed that grazers do not have a need for tbsp. whereas it has been shown in several non-ungulate species that tbsp can be induced by dietary tannins, their presence or absence in ungulates has, so far, been shown to be a species-specific characteristic indepe ... | 2005 | 15664314 |
| overdose during chemical restraint in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | a juvenile female black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was successfully treated after overdose of drugs used for chemical restraint. subsequent general anaesthesia for surgical reduction of a recurrent rectal prolapse was uneventful. over a 25-minute period before transportation to the veterinary hospital, the animal received a total dose of 1.225 mg etorphine, 30 mg acepromazine and 30 mg detomidine. based on an estimated mass of 200 kg, these corresponded to doses of 6.1 microg kg(-1) etorphine ... | 2005 | 15663740 |
| vaccine-induced protection against anthrax in cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) and black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | institution of a policy of vaccination in endangered species with a vaccine not previously administered to it cannot be undertaken lightly. this applies even more in the case of cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) with their unusually monomorphic gene pool and the potential restrictions this places on their immune responses. however, the recently observed mortalities from anthrax in these animals in the etosha national park, namibia, made it imperative to evaluate vaccination. black rhinoceros (diceros b ... | 2004 | 15308358 |
| oral, nasal, and cutaneous eosinophilic granulomas in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis): a lesion distinct from superficial necrolytic dermatitis. | oral, nasal, and cutaneous lesions resembling eosinophilic granulomas (egs) were observed in eight captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). oral lesions were observed in all affected animals and occurred most often behind the prehensile lip. the typical clinical history of affected animals included oral bleeding or epistaxis from multilobulated, fungating, proliferative masses with areas of ulceration. histologically, lesions were characterized by prominent infiltrates of eosinophils and r ... | 2004 | 15193066 |
| elevated free tyrosine in rhinoceros erythrocytes. | red blood cells of african black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) are highly sensitive to oxidant-induced hemolysis and they possess a number of enzymatic and biochemical features that differ radically from other mammals. here we show concentrations of free tyrosine in rhinoceros red blood cells which can approach levels as high as 1 mm, 50-fold higher than in human red blood cells. elevated levels of tyrosine are also observed in red blood cells of other members of the order perissodactyla such ... | 2004 | 15165577 |
| cross-species chromosome painting in the perissodactyla: delimitation of homologous regions in burchell's zebra (equus burchellii) and the white (ceratotherium simum) and black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | conserved chromosomal segments in the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis (dbi, 2n = 84), and its african sister-species the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum (csi, 2n = 82), were detected using burchell's zebra (equus burchellii, ebu, 2n = 44) chromosome-specific painting probes supplemented by a subset of those developed for the horse (equus caballus, eca, 2n = 64). in total 41 and 42 conserved autosomal segments were identified in c. simum and d. bicornis respectively. only 21 rearrangemen ... | 2003 | 15004472 |
| a new species of the genus strongylus muller, 1780 from the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis l. and a note on the other species occuring in kenya. | 1962 | 14494530 | |
| removal of a prolapsed eyeball in a wild black rhinoceros. | 1965 | 14330200 | |
| lymph node structure in diceros bicornis. | 1963 | 14328458 | |
| observations on the pathology of lesions associated with stephanofilaria dinniki round, 1964 from the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | 1964 | 14125101 | |
| parabronema roundi n.sp. (spiruridae: nematoda) from rhinoceros bicornis in kenya. | 1962 | 13893373 | |
| species identification of rhinoceros horns using the cytochrome b gene. | material suspected of originating from species of rhinoceros is frequently seized by forensic organizations investigating trade in endangered species. at present identification of the species is possible by dna sequencing of the material, such as powdered rhinoceros horns. the unambiguous identification of rhino products using a 402 bp fragment of cytochrome b gene was investigated. this dna sequence may not only assist in the identification of the unknown sample, but can be used to determine th ... | 2003 | 12969614 |
| clinical implications of rhinoceros reproductive tract anatomy and histology. | reproductive tracts or tissues from five male black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), two male white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum), two male one-horned asian rhinoceroses (rhinoceros unicornis), seven female black rhinoceroses, and six female white rhinoceroses from multiple institutions were examined to characterize their anatomy and histology. some observations and measurements were obtained from in situ tracts of intact animals before or during necropsy. formalin-fixed tissues were dissec ... | 2001 | 12790392 |
| leptospira infection in two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli). | two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli) developed clinical leptospirosis without hemolytic crises. the first rhinoceros presented with peracute depression, anorexia, rear leg trembling, dysuria, glucosuria, gastrointestinal discomfort, and decreased fecal output and died within 12 hr. necropsy and histopathology revealed lesions within multiple organs. leptospirosis was diagnosed postmortem based on positive fluorescent antibody staining of liver. the second rhinoceros presented 2 mo ... | 2001 | 12785703 |
| babesia bicornis sp. nov. and theileria bicornis sp. nov.: tick-borne parasites associated with mortality in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | a novel babesia species, designated babesia bicornis sp. nov., was identified in three black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) that died in wildlife areas in tanzania and south africa. screening of black rhinoceroses in south africa revealed, in addition to b. bicornis, a second parasite, designated theileria bicornis sp. nov. | 2003 | 12734294 |
| effect of venipuncture site and anticoagulant on selected hematologic values in black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | paired blood samples were collected from the ear and radial vein of four captive healthy adult black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). samples were collected using heparin or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) as an anticoagulant. packed cell volume (pcv) and total protein (tp) values were compared between samples drawn from the two venipuncture sites and treated with the two anticoagulants to determine whether statistically significant variation occurred. no significant difference in the gro ... | 2003 | 12723801 |
| development of a dna marker by minisatellite associated sequence amplification (masa) from the endangered indian rhino (rhinoceros unicornis). | rhinoceroses are highly endangered species and their protection warrants immediate remedial measures. development of dna markers is envisaged to complement global efforts of the conservation of these extant animals. minisatellite associated sequence amplification (masa) of dna from indian rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis) and three sub-species of south african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was carried out using a primer based on consensus sequence of the minisatellite repeat locus 33.15. s ... | 2003 | 12628586 |
| remote assessment of stress in white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) and black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) by measurement of adrenal steroids in feces. | this study monitored fecal cortisol and corticosterone levels in 14 black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) and in seven white rhinoceroses (certotherium simum) under various conditions of captivity, including translocation. free cortisol and free corticosterone were measured in methylene chloride extracts of feces, using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the extraction-assay method was validated for quantitative measurement of these hormones by mass spectroscopy analysis, chemical de ... | 2002 | 12462487 |
| human exposure following mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of multiple animal species in a metropolitan zoo. | from 1997 to 2000, mycobacterium tuberculosis was diagnosed in two asian elephants (elephas maximus), three rocky mountain goats (oreamnos americanus), and one black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) in the los angeles zoo. dna fingerprint patterns suggested recent transmission. an investigation found no active cases of tuberculosis in humans; however, tuberculin skin-test conversions in humans were associated with training elephants and attending an elephant necropsy. | 2002 | 12453358 |
| rectal prolapse associated with a healed pelvic fracture in a pregnant free-ranging african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). part 2: surgery and necropsy. | the oedematous and traumatised protruding section of the rectal tissue of an adult free-ranging female african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was surgically amputated. immediately before completion of surgery, the rhinoceros died of anaesthetic-related cardiac arrest. at necropsy a deformed pelvis and sacrum associated with a healed fracture of the left ileal wing were noted. new bone formation in and around the left ventral sacral foramina may have resulted in neuropathy of particularly th ... | 2001 | 12219923 |
| rectal prolapse associated with a healed pelvic fracture in a pregnant free-ranging african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). part 1: anaesthesia. | anaesthesia was required in a heavily-pregnant, adult, free-ranging african black rhinoceros diceros bicornis with a rectal prolapse for examination and possible treatment. the animal was immobilised with 4.5 mg etorphine and 60 mg azaperone. for continued observation, the immobilised animal was transported to a boma. additional etorphine and azaperone were administered to keep the animal anaesthetised during treatment and transport. in addition, 15 mg nalorphine was administered during this tim ... | 2001 | 12219922 |
| [the stability of progesterone in feces of different wild animal species kept in a zoological garden]. | methodical investigations were carried out to monitor especially in what respect external factors (dry mass of faeces, time point of freezing, duration of storage of the frozen samples, multiple defrosting of the samples) influence the progesterone concentration of the faeces of several wild animal species (baringo giraffe, black rhinoceros, dama gazelle, mountain goat) living in a zoological garden. with reference to one animal species the dry mass of the faeces showed only small variations. th ... | 2002 | 12073499 |
| non-invasive assessment of oestrous cycles and evaluation of reproductive seasonality in the female wild black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). | female wild black rhinoceroses in zimbabwe were monitored non-invasively using faecal progesterone metabolite analysis and observation of reproductive behaviour. a postpartum period of reproductive inactivity of at least 4 months, followed by a period of 4-7 months of oestrous cyclicity, was detected in six multiparous females. three-quarters of the oestrous cycles (n = 21) had a total duration (mean +/- sem) of 26.8 +/- 1 days. other types of cycle were characterized either by an extended lutea ... | 2002 | 12052242 |
| fat soluble vitamins in blood and tissues of free-ranging and captive rhinoceros. | several disease syndromes in captive rhinoceroses have been linked to low vitamin status. blood samples from captive and free-ranging black (diceros bicornis) and white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) and tissue samples of captive individuals from four rhinoceros species were analysed for vitamins a and e. circulating vitamin a levels measured as retinol for free-ranging versus captive black and white rhinoceros were 0.04 (+/- 0.03 sd) vs. 0.08 (+/- 0.08) and 0.07 (+/- 0.04) vs. 0.06 (+/- 0.02) ... | 2002 | 12038140 |
| essential fatty acid profiles differ across diets and browse of black rhinoceros. | in captivity, black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) suffer from idiopathic skin lesions that may be linked to dietary deficiencies, in particular essential fatty acid deficiency (efad). therefore, a study was undertaken from july 1995 to may 1997 to characterize the diet of captive d. bicornis in north american zoos and measure fat and fatty acid composition in zoo diet, and african and north american browses. descriptions of all dietary items offered to black rhinos on a daily basis were compiled ... | 2002 | 11838204 |
| identification of a series of c(21)o(2) pregnanes from fecal extracts of a pregnant black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). | fecal extracts from a pregnant black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis, were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, hplc, and by gc-mass spectrometry. from 40 g of dried feces a total of 33 pregnanes in the c(21)o(2) series, including a number of novel 17 alpha epimers were identified. no progesterone was recovered. the principal progesterone metabolite by mass was 5 alpha-pregnan-3 beta,20 alpha-diol (44.5%), which did not cross react with the antibody used in our ria. the antibody recognized progesterone an ... | 2001 | 11711115 |
| mating system and reproductive skew in the black rhinoceros. | only approximately 2600 black rhinoceros survive today, mainly in small, isolated populations of < 100 animals. the management of remaining black rhinoceros populations aims at preserving natural levels of genetic relatedness and optimizing breeding success, which requires an accurate knowledge of the mating system, reproductive skew and effective population size. dna was extracted from faecal samples from a community of 35 wild black rhinoceros, and microsatellites were used to characterize pat ... | 2001 | 11555246 |
| the hhfe gene of browsing and grazing rhinoceroses: a possible site of adaptation to a low-iron diet. | when rhinoceros species that are browsers in the wild are fed in captivity they become iron overloaded. presumably, their iron-absorptive mechanisms have evolved to become highly efficient. in humans, mutations of the hfe gene cause increased iron absorption. to determine whether the hfe gene of rhinoceroses has undergone mutation as an adaptive mechanism to improve iron absorption from iron-poor diets, we have sequenced the entire coding region of the hfe genes of four species of rhinoceros. tw ... | 2001 | 11358396 |
| ultrasonographic characterization of ovarian events and fetal gestational parameters in two southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) and correlation to fecal progesterone. | a tremendous potential exists for the application of transrectal ultrasonography as a tool to enhance the captive management of endangered species. reproductive study of two southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) females was performed daily to every other day for a approximately 60 day period to document ovarian changes, and three times weekly in early pregnancy to once monthly in late pregnancy in order to characterize changes in fetal parameters throughout gestation. all ovarian an ... | 2001 | 11322232 |
| phylogenetic relationships of the five extant rhinoceros species (rhinocerotidae, perissodactyla) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12s rrna genes. | a major question in rhinocerotid phylogenetics concerns the position of the sumatran rhinoceros (dicerorhinus sumatrensis) with regard to the other extant asian (rhinoceros unicornis and r. sondaicus) and african (diceros bicornis and ceratotherium simum) species. we have examined this particular question through the phylogenetic analysis of the complete sequences of the mitochondrial 12s rrna and cytochrome b genes. three additional perissodactyls (one tapir and two equids) plus several outgrou ... | 2001 | 11286489 |
| role of excessive maternal iron in the pathogenesis of congenital leukoencephalomalacia in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | to investigate the possibility that excessive maternal iron (overload) may contribute to development of congenital leukoencephalomalacia in captive black rhinoceroses. | 2001 | 11277198 |
| morphology of the dorsal lingual papillae in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | the dorsal lingual surface of a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) was examined by scanning electron microscopy. the tongue was about 30 cm in length. there were about 60 vallate papillae on both sides. filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were found. the filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. the papillae had a hair-like shape. the fungiform papillae were round in shape, and more densely distributed on the lingual apex. no foliate papillae were see ... | 2000 | 11199482 |
| a generalized fecal glucocorticoid assay for use in a diverse array of nondomestic mammalian and avian species. | noninvasive fecal glucocorticoid analysis has tremendous potential as a means of assessing stress associated with environmental disturbance in wildlife. however, interspecific variation in excreted glucocorticoid metabolites requires careful selection of the antibody used in their quantification. we compared four antibodies for detecting the major fecal cortisol metabolites in yellow baboons following (3)h cortisol administration, acth challenge, and hplc separation of fecal glucocorticoid metab ... | 2000 | 11121291 |
| acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a juvenile southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). | a 21-mo-old female southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) developed acute upper respiratory dyspnea in association with lymphadenopathy and marked immature lymphocytosis. a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was reached on the basis of the morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of peripheral lymphoblasts. antineoplastic chemotherapy included administration of cytarabine, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and doxorubicin, with clinical remission achieved 19 days after initia ... | 2000 | 10884128 |
| post-coital sperm recovery and cryopreservation in the sumatran rhinoceros (dicerorhinus sumatrensis) and application to gamete rescue in the african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | sumatran rhinoceros (dicerorhinus sumatrensis) sperm samples were collected from a post-copulatory female and characterized to determine their potential for sperm preservation and future use in artificial insemination. five samples of acceptable quality from one male were used to compare the effect of two cryoprotectants (glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)) and two post-thaw protocols (untreated and glass wool column) on sperm quality. the percentage of motile spermatozoa, sperm motility ind ... | 2000 | 10864790 |
| serosurvey for selected infectious disease agents in free-ranging black and white rhinoceros in africa. | two hundred and eighty one serum samples collected from free-ranging black (diceros bicornis) and white (ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros, in the republic of south africa (rsa), namibia, and kenya from 1987-97, were examined for antibody to 16 different infectious agents. positive antibody titers were detected against akabane (59.8%), bluetongue (55%), african horse sickness (27.9%), epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer (19.4%), parainfluenza type 3 (25.3%), bovine herpes virus 1 (3.1%), equine ... | 2000 | 10813614 |
| fungal pneumonia in a captive black rhinoceros. | a captive black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) with a hoof abscess was treated with long-term antibiotic therapy. after 9 months of treatment, there was rapid deterioration, marked weight loss and reluctance to stand. profuse, bilateral epistaxis developed accompanied by collapse and the animal was euthanased. necropsy revealed pulmonary aspergillosis with concurrent pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. though a well-recognized disease of black rhinoceros, fungal pneumonia has not been reported in t ... | 1999 | 10685163 |
| idiopathic hemorrhagic vasculopathy syndrome in seven black rhinoceros. | idiopathic hemorrhagic vasculopathy syndrome (ihvs) was diagnosed in 7 black rhinoceros; this newly described syndrome is characterized by severe body swelling in conjunction with a rapid and profound decrease in hct. the disorder may be acute or chronic, may recur, and is potentially fatal. five of the rhinoceros survived an initial episode of ihvs, and 2 of these 5 survived a recurrent episode of ihvs. two rhinoceros died during treatment of ihvs. treatment protocols varied, but all 7 rhinocer ... | 2000 | 10649760 |
| anthracycline cardiotoxicity in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis): evidence for impaired antioxidant capacity compounded by iron overload. | two weeks before dying of congestive heart failure, a juvenile black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) received a single low dose of doxorubicin as part of combination chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. diffuse hemosiderosis was present at necropsy in a pattern indicative of dietary iron overload, but unique iron-positive degenerative lesions were found in isolated myocardiocytes. serum analyses revealed hyperferremia, 87% transferrin saturation, and 5- to 10-fold elevations in fer ... | 2000 | 10643986 |
| isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | 1999 | 10617348 | |
| non-invasive diagnosis of pregnancy in wild black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) by faecal steroid analysis. | the objective of this study was to determine whether faecal progestagen measurement could be used to diagnose pregnancy in wild black rhinoceros cows. immunoreactive 20alpha-progestagens were measured in faecal samples collected regularly (one or two times times per week) from pregnant and non-pregnant wild black rhinoceros females (n = 6) in zimbabwe. fresh dung piles deposited by the study animals were serially sampled during prolonged periods of tracking with local game scouts. samples were s ... | 1998 | 10588374 |
| effects of translocation on hematologic parameters of free-ranging black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis michaeli) in kenya. | management of the endangered black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis michaeli) in africa frequently involves translocation. these procedures are not without risk, and protocols must be critically examined. hematologic analyses can be used to evaluate the effects of translocation on animal health. hematologic data obtained during routine translocation of free ranging black rhinoceros (n = 74) in kenya between 1991 and 1995 were examined, and subsets of data from rhinoceros (n = 43) that were transloca ... | 1999 | 10572862 |
| salmonella spp. survey of captive rhinoceroses in u.s. zoological institutions and private ranches. | a survey was mailed to 72 institutions in the usa requesting information on salmonella spp. cultures in black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis), white rhinoceroses (ceratotherium simum), and indian rhinoceroses (rhinoceros unicornis). sixty-one institutions responded (85% return rate), with seven reporting positive cultures (11% prevalence rate; 10% if survey nonresponders had negative cultures). there were 17 positive cultures from 16 different animals, with nine different serotypes of salmonella ... | 1999 | 10572861 |
| isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) is currently one of the most endangered african mammals as a direct result o habitat destruction and intensive poaching. a microsatellite library was constructed to address a number of population genetic questions. this paper describes the isolation of five black rhinoceros microsatellite loci. three of these loci were found to be polymorphic. in addition, the paper demonstrates the utility for cross-hybridization of these primers in other species of rhino ... | 1999 | 10435448 |
| morphology of rhinoceros platelets. | basic hematological information about rhinoceros species is limited. in this study, we have determined the platelet counts and described the platelet morphology of free-living white (ceratotherium simum) and black (diceros bicornis) rhinoceros using light and electron microscopy. the platelet counts of the two species were similar, but there were significant differences in platelet size as well as morphology between the species. the presence of large, nondiscoid platelet forms, resembling propla ... | 1999 | 10081152 |
| characterization of a species-specific repetitive dna from a highly endangered wild animal, rhinoceros unicornis, and assessment of genetic polymorphism by microsatellite associated sequence amplification (masa). | we have cloned and sequenced a 906bp ecori repeat dna fraction from rhinoceros unicornis genome. the contig pss(r)2 is at rich with 340 a (37.53%), 187 c (20.64%), 173 g (19.09%) and 206 t (22.74%). the sequence contains malt box, nf-e1, poly-a signal, lariat consensus sequences, tata box, translational initiation sequences and several stop codons. translation of the contig showed seven different types of protein motifs, among which, egf-like domain cysteine pattern signatures and bowman-birk se ... | 1999 | 10072756 |
| idiopathic distal esophageal dilation in a southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor). | an adult female southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) experienced intermittent periods of regurgitation while eating, suggesting an esophageal disorder. endoscopy for evaluation of the trachea, esophagus, and stomach revealed a 30-mm nasopharyngeal orifice with associated recess located in the caudodorsal pharynx and a 10-cm dilated segment of the distal esophagus that was presumably the cause of regurgitation. dietary management of esophageal dilation through short-term utilization ... | 1998 | 10065858 |
| ultrasonographic monitoring of artificially stimulated ejaculation in three rhinoceros species (ceratotherium simum, diceros bicornis, rhinoceros unicornus). | manual massage of the penis and rectal electroejaculation methods have been minimally effective for collecting semen from the rhinoceros. these two methods for stimulating ejaculation were evaluated by rectal ultrasonography. one individual each of three rhinoceros species (ceratotherium simum simum, rhinoceros unicornis and diceros bicornis) was stimulated by manual massage of the penis and two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) were electroejaculated. on ultrasonography, neither manual mass ... | 1998 | 10065845 |
| the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea, bovine herpes virus 1, rift valley fever, ephemeral fever and bluetongue and to leptospira sp in free-ranging wildlife in zimbabwe. | the prevalence of antibody to the viruses of bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd), bovine herpes virus typel (bhv1), rift valley fever (rvf), bovine ephemeral fever (bef) and bluetongue (bt) and to leptospira sp. was determined in wildlife populations in zimbabwe. evidence of infection with bvd virus was found in 14 of the 16 species examined but was greatest in eland taurotragus oryx, nyala tragelaphus angasi and bushbuck tragelaphus scriptus. persistent infection with bvd virus was found in 1 of 303 a ... | 1998 | 9825798 |
| vesicular and ulcerative dermatopathy resembling superficial necrolytic dermatitis in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | the histopathology, clinical presentation, and epidemiology of a cutaneous and oral mucosal disease affecting 40 black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) at 21 zoological parks (50% of the captive us population) were investigated. twenty-seven biopsies were examined from recent lesions, and clinical information was available from 127 episodes. the cutaneous lesions began as plaques that progressed to vesicles, bullae, or ulcers. lesions waxed and waned in individual cases. lesions were predominantl ... | 1998 | 9545133 |
| salmonellosis in captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis). | salmonellosis caused by salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (formerly known as salmonella arizonae) was diagnosed in three of five captive black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) at the denver zoological gardens. two of the three animals died despite supportive treatment. the other two rhinoceroses remained asymptomatic and were negative for salmonella spp. after serial fecal cultures. the source for the salmonellosis was never identified. | 1997 | 9365944 |
| extracts of rhinoceros horn are not antipyretic in rabbits. | we administered extracts of the horn of the african black rhinoceros intragastrically to 7 rabbits, at the same time as injecting bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) intravenously into the rabbits to produce fever. at a dose of horn (50 mg/kg) similar to that allegedly used to reduce human fever, and at ten times that dose, the fever response to lps was not significantly different (p > 0.05, t-test) to the response to lps injection when boiled water was administered instead of horn extract. the k ... | 1997 | 9363565 |
| helminths and arthropods of black and white rhinoceroses in southern africa. | helminths and arthropods were collected and quantified from two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis bicornis) and one white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum), and ticks from an additional four black and two white rhinoceroses in southern africa. the helminths of a black rhinoceros from the republic of south africa and one from namibia were quantitatively measured and recorded for each compartment of the alimentary tract. probstmayria vivipara was the most abundant parasite in each animal. a rece ... | 1997 | 9249695 |
| suspected calcium oxalate raphide irritation in a black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) due to ingestion of xanthosoma mafaffa. | 1997 | 9186929 | |
| myocardial purkinje degeneration and necrosis with fibrosis in free-ranging black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) in zimbabwe. | degeneration and necrosis of purkinje fibers with fibrosis around purkinje fibers were found in the hearts of three adult black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis) in zimbabwe in 1989 and 1990, among 38 animals examined from 1988 to 1994. causes of death were not apparently related to these changes, nor was there evidence of heart failure. the etiology of these changes is unknown. | 1996 | 8722281 |
| the importation of the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) from zimbabwe into australia. | the paper describes a program to import and breed black rhinoceros ex situ at western plains zoo in australia. nine rhinoceros (7 females and 2 males) captured in 1992 in chete national park, zimbabwe, were transported to australia via cocos island. the veterinary treatment of the animals before and during quarantine in zimbabwe and on cocos (keeling) islands is described. three animals died; an adult male on cocos islands and a juvenile male and an adult female at western plains zoo, dubbo, new ... | 1995 | 8599568 |
| quarantine requirements for the importation of black rhinoceros from zimbabwe into australia. | the proposal by the zoological parks board of new south wales to import 10 southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) from zimbabwe as part of an international project for conservation of the species presented the australian quarantine and inspection service (aqis) with a unique challenge. this importation is, at least in the modern era, the first importation of live herbivores from the african continent. many of the serious animal diseases in the world are endemic in parts of africa. knowledg ... | 1995 | 8599567 |
| acute episodic hemolysis in the african black rhinoceros as an analogue of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. | sudden episodes of massive hemolysis have become the most common cause of death among captive black rhinoceroses, and there is evidence that they occur in the wild as well. we have observed radically unique enzyme and metabolite profiles in normal rhinoceros erythrocytes compared to humans and other mammals, including marked deficiencies of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (atp), catalase, adenosine deaminase, and other enzymes involved in glycolysis, glutathione cycling, and nucleotide meta ... | 1993 | 8416295 |
| sequence of the mitochondrial control region, trna(thr), trna(pro) and trna(phe) genes from the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis. | 1993 | 8414998 | |
| concentrations of faecal immunoreactive progestagen metabolites during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy in the black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis michaeli). | the analysis of reproductive hormones in faecal samples is a possibility for non-invasive monitoring of reproductive status in free-ranging or intractable species. in the present study, faecal samples from three black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli) were collected at about weekly intervals during oestrous cycles and pregnancy. daily samples were taken during the week after parturition. total immunoreactive progestagens in faecal extracts were analysed with three different enzymeimmunoas ... | 1993 | 8345474 |
| dermacentor rhinocerinus (denny 1843) (acari: ixodida: ixodidae): redescription of the male, female and nymph and first description of the larva. | presented is a diagnosis of the male, female and nymph of dermacentor rhinocerinus, and the 1st description of the larval stage. adult dermacentor rhinocerinus parasitize both the black rhinoceros, diceros bicornis, and the white rhinoceros, ceratotherium simum. although various other large mammals have been recorded as hosts for d. rhinocerinus, only the 2 species of rhinoceros are primary hosts for adults in various areas of east, central and southern africa. adults collected from vegetation i ... | 1993 | 8332318 |
| production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes during growth of anaerobic fungi from ruminant and nonruminant herbivores on different substrates. | three anaerobic fungi, two neocallimastix strains isolated from a ruminant (sheep) and one piromyces strain isolated from a nonruminant (black rhinoceros), were tested for their ability to ferment a range of substrates. bagasse, filter paper cellulose, fructose, and wheat straw were good inducers of celluloytic and xylanolytic enzymes. these enzymes were produced constitutively by all three strains, although enzyme activities were generally lower, especially for both neocallimastix strains, afte ... | 1993 | 8323259 |
| further studies on the kidney of the hook-lipped african rhinoceros, diceros bicornis. | a healthy, pregnant diceros bicornis (no. 29455), with histologically normal but relatively large kidneys containing a correspondingly large number of nephrons, died suddenly from an injury. renal lobation was studied partly from serial transverse cuts across the kidney. the fibromuscular pelvic conduits, which are a craniocaudal bifurcation of the ureter, are associated with prominent longitudinally disposed paraconduital veins which anastomose with the interlobar veins. the arcuate veins open ... | 1994 | 8116890 |
| substantial genetic variation in southern african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | thirty protein-coding loci of southern african black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) from four isolated populations were studied using starch gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. gene diversity estimates varied between 0.036 and 0.058, with the zambezi valley population having the largest amount of protein variation. these levels are higher than those in other studies of genetic variation in black rhinoceros and are similar to the amount of genetic variation observed for out ... | 2008 | 7930498 |
| bacteriologic survey of black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis). | a bacteriological survey was carried out on 30 black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis) of which 23 were newly captured and seven were captive. a beta haemolytic streptococcus, group l was found in skin lesions and various wounds, causing septicaemia and death in two animals. staphylococcus aureus was found in 3 rhinoceros, and caused the death of one. the bacteria isolated often proved resistant to penicillin. streptomycin is recommended for treatment. sixteen other bacteria sp. were isolated, and a ... | 1980 | 7463599 |
| hemolytic anemia suggestive of leptospirosis in the black rhinoceros. | 1980 | 7451343 |