Publications

babesia conradae infection in coyote hunting dogs infected with multiple blood-borne pathogens.	babesia conradae is an intraerythrocytic piroplasm infecting dogs in the southern united states. ticks have been suspected, but unproven, as vectors. we identified b. conradae and other blood-borne pathogens in 2 kennels of sighthounds with a history of coyote fighting.	2018	30307638
the importance of considering multiple interacting species for conservation of species at risk.	conservation of species at risk of extinction is complex and multifaceted. however, mitigation strategies are typically narrow in scope, an artifact of conservation research that is often limited to a single species or stressor. knowledge of an entire community of strongly interacting species would greatly enhance the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of conservation decisions. we investigated how camera trapping and spatial count models, an extension of spatial-recapture models for unmarked p ...	2019	30306635
congenital human toxoplasmosis caused by non-clonal toxoplasma gondii genotypes in argentina.	toxoplasmosis, a worldwide distributed zoonosis, can be transmitted congenitally affecting fetuses and developing variable clinical signs. different toxoplasma gondii genotypes and infective dose are related factors with different clinical manifestations. several studies indicate that atypical strains could produce more severe clinical manifestations compared to typical strains. umbilical cord blood (n = 37) and placenta (n = 19) were collected at birth from women with acute t. gondii infection ...	2019	30304711
home range size, vegetation density, and season influences prey use by coyotes (canis latrans).	to ensure reproductive success, canis species establish contiguous mosaics of territories in suitable habitats to partition space and defend limiting resources. consequently, canis species can exert strong effects on prey populations locally because of their year-round maintenance of territories. we assessed prey use by coyotes (canis latrans) by sampling scats from within known territories in southeastern alabama and the savannah river area of georgia and south carolina. we accounted for the si ...	2018	30303970
echinococcus in wild canids in québec (canada) and maine (usa).	zoonotic echinococcus spp. cestodes (e. canadensis and e. multilocularis) infect domestic animals, wildlife, and people in regions of canada and the usa. we recovered and quantified echinococcus spp. cestodes from 22 of 307 intestinal tracts of wild canids (23 wolves, 100 coyotes, 184 red and arctic foxes) in the state of maine and the province of québec. we identified the species and genotypes of three echinococcus spp. cestodes per infected animal by sequencing mitochondrial dna at two loci. w ...	2018	30125277
neospora caninum dna in coyote fecal samples collected in an urban environment.	definitive hosts of neospora caninum are species of canids, such as domestic dogs ( canis lupus familiaris), coyotes ( canis latrans) and foxes ( vulpes vulpes), whereas ruminants, such as cattle ( bos taurus), sheep ( ovis aries), and deer (cervidae) serve as intermediate hosts. we investigated the presence of n. caninum in feces of coyotes in calgary, alberta, canada. one hundred coyote fecal samples were collected from five city parks. following dna extraction, the presence of n. caninum dna ...	2019	30096031
serosurvey for influenza virus subtypes h3n8 and h3n2 antibodies in free-ranging canids in pennsylvania, usa.	canine influenza virus (civ) subtypes h3n8 and h3n2 are endemic among domestic dog ( canis lupus familiaris ) populations in the northeastern us. infection of free-ranging carnivores with influenza virus has been sporadically reported. generalist mesocarnivores that exploit anthropogenic, peri-urban habitats share a wide interface with domestic dogs that allows for the transmission of infectious disease. to investigate the potential exposure of free-ranging canids to civ in pennsylvania, us, ser ...	2019	30096030
detecting co-infections of echinococcus multilocularis and echinococcus canadensis in coyotes and red foxes in alberta, canada using real-time pcr.	the continued monitoring of echinococcus species in intermediate and definitive hosts is essential to understand the eco-epidemiology of these parasites, as well to assess their potential impact on public health. in canada, co-infections of echinococcus canadensis and echinococcus multilocularis based on genetic characterization have been recently reported in wolves, but not yet in other possible hosts such as coyotes and foxes. in this study, we aimed to develop a quantitative real-time pcr ass ...	2018	29988802
treatment of suspected exertional myopathy using dantrolene in a coyote ( canis latrans).	a 3-yr-old spayed female coyote ( canis latrans) developed clinical signs of exertional myopathy after fighting with a conspecific. a diagnosis of exertional myopathy was made based on physical examination findings, probable myoglobinuria, and elevations in serum creatinine kinase activity, alanine aminotransferase activity, and potassium concentration. dantrolene, a hydantoin analog, as well as supportive and symptomatic therapies, was used to successfully treat exertional myopathy. this is the ...	2018	29900791
is the red wolf a listable unit under the us endangered species act?	defining units that can be afforded legal protection is a crucial, albeit challenging, step in conservation planning. as we illustrate with a case study of the red wolf (canis rufus) from the southeastern united states, this step is especially complex when the evolutionary history of the focal taxon is uncertain. the us endangered species act (esa) allows listing of species, subspecies, or distinct population segments (dpss) of vertebrates. red wolves were listed as an endangered species in 1973 ...	2018	29889268
mapping the expansion of coyotes (canis latrans) across north and central america.	the geographic distribution of coyotes (canis latrans) has dramatically expanded since 1900, spreading across much of north america in a period when most other mammal species have been declining. although this considerable expansion has been well documented at the state/provincial scale, continent-wide descriptions of coyote spread have portrayed conflicting distributions for coyotes prior to the 1900s, with popularly referenced anecdotal accounts showing them restricted to the great plains, and ...	2018	29861647
tick-borne disease risk in a forest food web.	changes to the community ecology of hosts for zoonotic pathogens, particularly rodents, are likely to influence the emergence and prevalence of zoonotic diseases worldwide. however, the complex interactions between abiotic factors, pathogens, vectors, hosts, and both food resources and predators of hosts are difficult to disentangle. here we (1) use 19 yr of data from six large field plots in southeastern new york to compare the effects of hypothesized drivers of interannual variation in lyme di ...	2018	29738078
size-assortative choice and mate availability influences hybridization between red wolves (canis rufus) and coyotes (canis latrans).	anthropogenic hybridization of historically isolated taxa has become a primary conservation challenge for many imperiled species. indeed, hybridization between red wolves (canis rufus) and coyotes (canis latrans) poses a significant challenge to red wolf recovery. we considered seven hypotheses to assess factors influencing hybridization between red wolves and coyotes via pair-bonding between the two species. because long-term monogamy and defense of all-purpose territories are core characterist ...	2018	29721269
leptospira antibodies detected in wildlife in the usa and the us virgin islands.	from 2011 to 2017, 4,534 serum samples from 13 wildlife species collected across the us and in one territory (us virgin islands) were tested for exposure to leptospira serovars bratislava, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona. of 1,759 canids, 1,043 cervids, 23 small indian mongooses ( herpestes auropunctatus), 1,704 raccoons ( procyon lotor), and five striped skunks ( mephitis mephitis), 27.0, 44.4, 30.4, 40.8, and 60%, respectively, were antibody positive for any of ...	2018	29715063
whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of north american wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf.	protection of populations comprising admixed genomes is a challenge under the endangered species act (esa), which is regarded as the most powerful species protection legislation ever passed in the united states but lacks specific provisions for hybrids. the eastern wolf is a newly recognized wolf-like species that is highly admixed and inhabits the great lakes and eastern united states, a region previously thought to be included in the geographic range of only the gray wolf. the u.s. fish and wi ...	2016	29713682
a bead-based flow cytometric assay for monitoring yersinia pestis exposure in wildlife.	yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague and is considered a category a priority pathogen due to its potential for high transmissibility and the significant morbidity and mortality it causes in humans. y. pestis is endemic to the western united states and much of the world, necessitating programs to monitor for this pathogen on the landscape. elevated human risk of plague infection has been spatially correlated with spikes in seropositive wildlife numbers, particularly rodent-eating carn ...	2018	29695520
spatial processes decouple management from objectives in a heterogeneous landscape: predator control as a case study.	predator control is often implemented with the intent of disrupting top-down regulation in sensitive prey populations. however, ambiguity surrounding the efficacy of predator management, as well as the strength of top-down effects of predators in general, is often exacerbated by the spatially implicit analytical approaches used in assessing data with explicit spatial structure. here, we highlight the importance of considering spatial context in the case of a predator control study in south-centr ...	2018	29676861
coyot1 clinic: home telemedicine increases young adult engagement in diabetes care.	young adults with type 1 diabetes (t1d) experience poor glycemic control, disengagement in care, and are often lost to the medical system well into their adult years. diabetes providers need a new approach to working with the population. the goal of this study was to determine whether an innovative shared telemedicine appointment care model (coyot1 clinic [pronounced as "coyote"; colorado young adults with t1d]) for young adults with t1d improves care engagement, satisfaction, and adherence to a ...	2018	29672162
mammal responses to the human footprint vary across species and stressors.	a rapidly expanding human footprint - comprised of anthropogenic land-use change and infrastructure - is profoundly affecting wildlife distributions worldwide. cumulative effects management (cem) is a regional approach that seeks to manage combined effects of the human footprint on biodiversity across large spatial scales. challenges to implementing this approach include a lack of ecological data at large spatial scales, the high cost of monitoring multiple indicators, and the need to manage mul ...	2018	29654972
endocranial development in the coyote (canis latrans) and gray wolf (canis lupus): a computed tomographic study.	the purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of postnatal brain growth in two wild canid species: the coyote (canis latrans) and gray wolf (canis lupus). adult regional and total brain volume differences were also compared between the two species as well as within each species by sex. three-dimensional virtual endocasts of endocranial airspace were created from computed tomography scans of 52 coyote skulls (28 female, 24 male; 1 day to 13.4 years) and 46 gray wolf skulls (25 female, 21 m ...	2018	29635246
challenges to controlling rabies in skunk populations using oral rabies vaccination: a review.	controlling rabies in skunk populations is an important public health concern in many parts of the united states due to the potential for skunk rabies outbreaks in urban centres and the possible role for skunks in raccoon rabies variant circulation. oral rabies vaccination (orv) programmes have supported wildlife rabies control efforts globally but using orv to control rabies in skunk populations has proven more challenging than with other target species, like foxes, coyotes and raccoons. a revi ...	2018	29633545
impacts of human recreation on carnivores in protected areas.	mammalian carnivores can be particularly sensitive to human disturbance, even within protected areas (pas). our objective was to understand how human disturbance affects carnivore communities in southern arizona, usa by studying habitat occupancy based on data collected using non-invasive methods in three pas with different levels of human disturbance. carnivore occupancy varied based on human disturbance variables (i.e., roads, trails, etc.). common carnivore species (coyotes, gray foxes, and b ...	2018	29621335
suspected hypertrophic osteopathy in an ancient canid: differential diagnosis of possible etiologies.	hypertrophic osteopathy (ho) has been reported in numerous mammalian species, but no reports address the range of conditions that can lead to ho, or the implications of those conditions, for archaeological diagnosis. we describe suspected ho from skeletal remains of an ancient large domestic dog recovered in iowa, usa, at the cherokee sewer site. canid remains from this site date 7430-7020calbp. the site is believed to have been a temporary, low-intensity campsite where bison were procured. over ...	2015	29539440
evidence of two cocirculating canine distemper virus strains in mesocarnivores from northern colorado.	canine distemper virus (cdv) is a highly contagious pathogen that principally infects wildlife and domestic carnivores. peridomestic species such as raccoons ( procyon lotor) experience outbreaks with high mortality. clinical signs of infection include anorexia, fever, respiratory infection, and neurologic complications. although not zoonotic, cdv poses a high risk to unvaccinated domestic animals and the conservation of endangered species. during 2013-2016, we opportunistically collected wild a ...	2018	29498900
influence of free water availability on a desert carnivore and herbivore.	anthropogenic manipulation of finite resources on the landscape to benefit individual species or communities is commonly employed by conservation and management agencies. one such action in arid regions is the construction and maintenance of water developments (i.e., wildlife guzzlers) adding free water on the landscape to buttress local populations, influence animal movements, or affect distributions of certain species of interest. despite their prevalence, the utility of wildlife guzzlers rema ...	2017	29491969
do coyotes canis latrans influence occupancy of prey in suburban forest fragments?	with the extirpation of apex predators from many north american systems, coyotes canis latrans have become the de facto top predator and are ubiquitous members of most ecosystems. keystone predators aid in maintaining ecosystem function by regulating the mammal community through direct predation and instilling the landscape of fear, yet the value of coyotes regulating systems to this capacity is understudied and likely variable across environments. since coyotes are common in the midwestern unit ...	2016	29491884
revisiting rabies virus neutralizing antibodies through infecting balb/c mice with live rabies virus.	this study investigates the production of rabies virus (rabv) neutralizing antibody after virus infection through a mouse model. the balb/c mice from different age groups (three, five, seven week old) were intramuscularly inoculated with live rabies virus (tx coyote 323r). without pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis (pep), we found there is a decreased fatality with increased age of animals, the mortalities are 60%, 50%, and 30%, respectively. interestingly, through assay of rapid fluoresc ...	2018	29471052
seed ingestion and germination in rattlesnakes: overlooked agents of rescue and secondary dispersal.	seed dispersal is a key evolutionary process and a central theme in the population ecology of terrestrial plants. the primary producers of most land-based ecosystems are propagated by and maintained through various mechanisms of seed dispersal that involve both abiotic and biotic modes of transportation. by far the most common biotic seed transport mechanism is zoochory, whereby seeds, or fruits containing them, are dispersed through the activities of animals. rodents are one group of mammals th ...	2018	29436500
are pumas subordinate carnivores, and does it matter?	interspecific competition affects species fitness, community assemblages and structure, and the geographic distributions of species. established dominance hierarchies among species mitigate the need for fighting and contribute to the realized niche for subordinate species. this is especially important for apex predators, many of which simultaneous contend with the costs of competition with more dominant species and the costs associated with human hunting and lethal management.	2018	29379688
coexistence of coyotes (canis latrans) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in an urban landscape.	urban environments are increasing worldwide and are inherently different than their rural counterparts, with a variety of effects on wildlife due to human presence, increased habitat fragmentation, movement barriers, and access to anthropogenic food sources. effective management of urban wildlife requires an understanding of how urbanization affects their behavior and ecology. the spatial activity and interactions of urban wildlife, however, have not been as rigorously researched as in rural are ...	2018	29364916
echinococcus spp. tapeworms in north america.	alveolar and cystic echinococcosis are emerging and reemerging in europe, africa, and asia. the expansion of echinococcus spp. tapeworms in wildlife host reservoirs appears to be driving this emergence in some areas. recent studies suggest a similar phenomenon may be occurring in north america. we describe the context of echinococcus spp. research in north america, with a specific focus on the contiguous united states. although studies were conducted in the united states throughout the 1900s on ...	2018	29350139
taxonomic differences of gut microbiomes drive cellulolytic enzymatic potential within hind-gut fermenting mammals.	host diet influences the diversity and metabolic activities of the gut microbiome. previous studies have shown that the gut microbiome provides a wide array of enzymes that enable processing of diverse dietary components. because the primary diet of the porcupine, erethizon dorsatum, is lignified plant material, we reasoned that the porcupine microbiome would be replete with enzymes required to degrade lignocellulose. here, we report on the bacterial composition in the porcupine microbiome using ...	2017	29281673
demographic history influences spatial patterns of genetic diversityin recently expanded coyote (canis latrans) populations.	human-mediated range expansions have increased in recent decades and represent unique opportunities to evaluate genetic outcomes of establishing peripheral populations across broad expansion fronts. over the past century, coyotes (canis latrans) have undergone a pervasive range expansion and now inhabit every state in the continental united states. coyote expansion into eastern north america was facilitated by anthropogenic landscape changes and followed two broad expansion fronts. the northern ...	2018	29269931
dental caries in the fossil record: a window to the evolution of dietary plasticity in an extinct bear.	during the late pleistocene of north america (≈36,000 to 10,000 years ago), saber-toothed cats, american lions, dire wolves, and coyotes competed for prey resources at rancho la brea (rlb). despite the fact that the giant short-faced bear (arctodus simus) was the largest land carnivoran present in the fauna, there is no evidence that it competed with these other carnivores for prey at the site. here, for the first time, we report carious lesions preserved in specimens of a. simus, recovered from ...	2017	29259277
setting an evolutionary trap: could the hider strategy be maladaptive for white-tailed deer?	an evolutionary trap occurs when an organism makes a formerly adaptive decision that now results in a maladaptive outcome. such traps can be induced by anthropogenic environmental changes, with nonnative species introductions being a leading cause. the recent establishment of coyotes (canis latrans) into the southeastern usa has the potential to change white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) population dynamics through direct predation and behavioral adaptation. we used movement rate and beds ...	2017	29225404
genome-wide analysis of the diversity and ancestry of korean dogs.	there are various hypotheses on dog domestication based on archeological and genetic studies. although many studies have been conducted on the origin of dogs, the existing literature about the ancestry, diversity, and population structure of korean dogs is sparse. therefore, this study is focused on the origin, diversity and population structure of korean dogs. the study sample comprised four major categories, including non-dogs (coyotes and wolves), ancient, modern and korean dogs. selected sam ...	2017	29182674
climate change can alter predator-prey dynamics and population viability of prey.	for many organisms, climate change can directly drive population declines, but it is less clear how such variation may influence populations indirectly through modified biotic interactions. for instance, how will climate change alter complex, multi-species relationships that are modulated by climatic variation and that underlie ecosystem-level processes? caribou (rangifer tarandus), a keystone species in newfoundland, canada, provides a useful model for unravelling potential and complex long-ter ...	2018	29167983
distribution and host associations of ixodid ticks collected from wildlife in florida, usa.	a tick survey was conducted to document tick-host associations with florida (usa) wildlife, and to determine the relative abundance and distribution of ixodid ticks throughout the state. the survey was conducted using collection kits distributed to licensed florida hunters as well as the examination of archived specimens from ongoing state wildlife research programs. collected tick samples were obtained from 66% of florida counties and were collected from nine wildlife hosts, including black bea ...	2017	29110170
rancher-reported efficacy of lethal and non-lethal livestock predation mitigation strategies for a suite of carnivores.	pastoralists have dealt with livestock losses from predators for millennia, yet effective mitigation strategies that balance wildlife conservation and sustainable agriculture are still needed today. in wyoming, usa, 274 ranchers responded to a retrospective survey, and rated the efficacy of predation mitigation strategies for foxes, dogs, coyotes, wolves, bobcats, mountain lions, bears, and birds (buzzards, eagles, hawks, ravens). rancher reported efficacy of mitigation varied by predator specie ...	2017	29074881
toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and genotype diversity in select wildlife species from the southeastern united states.	toxoplasma gondii is a widespread protozoan parasite that infects humans and other animals. previous studies indicate some genotypes of t. gondii are more frequently isolated in wildlife than agricultural animals, suggesting a wild/feral animal diversity model. to determine seroprevalence and genetic diversity of t. gondii in southeastern us wildlife, we collected sera from 471 wild animals, including 453 mammals and 18 birds, between 2011 and 2014. these serum samples were assayed for t. gondii ...	2017	29061166
fatal attraction? intraguild facilitation and suppression among predators.	competition and suppression are recognized as dominant forces that structure predator communities. facilitation via carrion provisioning, however, is a ubiquitous interaction among predators that could offset the strength of suppression. understanding the relative importance of these positive and negative interactions is necessary to anticipate community-wide responses to apex predator declines and recoveries worldwide. using state-sponsored wolf (canis lupus) control in alaska as a quasi experi ...	2017	29053355
single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites in the canine glutathione s-transferase pi 1 (gstp1) gene promoter.	genetic polymorphisms within the glutathione s-transferase p1 (gstp1) gene affect the elimination of toxic xenobiotics by the gstp1 enzyme. in dogs, exposure to environmental chemicals that may be gstp1 substrates is associated with cancer. the objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic variability in the gstp1 promoter in a diverse population of 278 purebred dogs, compare the incidence of any variants found between breeds, and predict their effects on gene expression. to provide i ...	2017	29046813
examining spatial patterns of selection and use for an altered predator guild.	anthropogenic disturbances have altered species' distributions potentially impacting interspecific interactions. interference competition is when one species denies a competing species access to a resource. one mechanism of interference competition is aggression, which can result in altered space-use of a subordinate species due to the threat of harm, otherwise known as a 'landscape of fear'. alternatively, subordinates might outcompete dominant species in resource-poor environments via a superi ...	2017	29038862
natural history of ixodes affinis in virginia.	the ixodid tick species ixodes affinis is expanding its range northward, changing the tick community population dynamics in the mid-atlantic united states. we present five years of surveillance on newly established populations of i. affinis throughout southeastern virginia and discuss the habitat and host associations of i. affinis in this northernmost extent of its range. we found that i. affinis populations tend to persist once they are established, and populations tend to increase as ecologic ...	2018	29030315
levels of plasma and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites following an acth challenge in male and female coyotes (canis latrans).	knowledge of endocrine stress responses can be advantageous for understanding how animals respond to their environment. one tool in wildlife endocrinology is to measure the adrenocortical activity as a parameter of disturbance of animals. fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (gcms) provide a noninvasive assessment of adrenocortical activity. using an adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) challenge administered to 28 captive coyotes (canis latrans), we measured the levels of plasma cortisol, and fecal c ...	2018	28988304
the influence of sniffing on airflow and odorant deposition in the canine nasal cavity.	nasal airflow plays a critical role in olfaction by transporting odorant from the environment to the olfactory epithelium, where chemical detection occurs. most studies of olfaction neglect the unsteadiness of sniffing and assume that nasal airflow and odorant transport are "quasi-steady," wherein reality most mammals "sniff." here, we perform computational fluid dynamics simulations of airflow and odorant deposition in an anatomically accurate model of the coyote (canis latrans) nasal cavity du ...	2017	28981825
oral vaccination of wildlife using a vaccinia-rabies-glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine (raboral v-rg®): a global review.	raboral v-rg® is an oral rabies vaccine bait that contains an attenuated ("modified-live") recombinant vaccinia virus vector vaccine expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein gene (v-rg). approximately 250 million doses have been distributed globally since 1987 without any reports of adverse reactions in wildlife or domestic animals since the first licensed recombinant oral rabies vaccine (orv) was released into the environment to immunize wildlife populations against rabies. v-rg is genetically ...	2017	28938920
introduction of canine parvovirus 2 into wildlife on the island of newfoundland, canada.	canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) (species carnivore protoparvovirus 1, family parvoviridae) cause a severe gastrointestinal disease associated with immune depression in a broad range of terrestrial carnivores. we report here the first molecular epidemiological investigation of protoparvoviruses on the island of newfoundland, canada. in particular, we investigated red foxes (vulpes vulpes deletrix) and lynx (lynx canadensis subsolanus), two autochthonous species, a ...	2017	28935611
winter bait stations as a multispecies survey tool.	winter bait stations are becoming a commonly used technique for multispecies inventory and monitoring but a technical evaluation of their effectiveness is lacking. bait stations have three components: carcass attractant, remote camera, and hair snare. our 22,975 km(2) mountainous study area was stratified with a 5 × 5 km sampling grid centered on northern idaho and including portions of washington, montana, and british columbia. from 2010-14, we conducted 563 sampling sessions at 497 bait statio ...	2017	28904763
quantity discrimination in canids: dogs (canis familiaris) and wolves (canis lupus) compared.	accumulating evidence indicates that animals are able to discriminate between quantities. recent studies have shown that dogs' and coyotes' ability to discriminate between quantities of food items decreases with increasing numerical ratio. conversely, wolves' performance is not affected by numerical ratio. cross-species comparisons are difficult because of differences in the methodologies employed, and hence it is still unclear whether domestication altered quantitative abilities in canids. here ...	2017	28899810
all about neosporosis in brazil.	neospora caninum is protozoan parasite with domestic and wild dogs, coyotes and grey wolves as the definitive hosts and many warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. it was cultivated and named in 1988. neosporosis is a major disease of cattle and has no public health significance. since 1990's n. caninum has emerged as a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide, including in brazil. n. caninum also causes clinical infections in several other animal species. considerable progress has been ...	2017	28876360
studies of wolf x coyote hybridization via artificial insemination.	following the production of western gray wolf (canis lupus) x western coyote (canis latrans) hybrids via artificial insemination (ai), the present article documents that the hybrids survived in captivity for at least 4 years and successfully bred with each other. it further reports that backcrossing one of the hybrids to a male gray wolf by ai also resulted in the birth of live pups that have survived for at least 10 months. all male hybrids (f1 and f2) produced sperm by about 10 months of age, ...	2017	28863171
mammal diversity and metacommunity dynamics in urban green spaces: implications for urban wildlife conservation.	as urban growth expands and natural environments fragment, it is essential to understand the ecological roles fulfilled by urban green spaces. to evaluate how urban green spaces function as wildlife habitat, we estimated mammal diversity and metacommunity dynamics in city parks, cemeteries, golf courses, and natural areas throughout the greater chicago, il, usa region. we found similar α-diversity (with the exception of city parks), but remarkably dissimilar communities in different urban green ...	2017	28833978
green tree frog (hyla cinerea) and ground squirrel (xerospermophilus spilosoma) mortality attributed to inland brevetoxin transportation at padre island national seashore, texas, 2015.	on 16 september 2015, a red tide (karenia brevis) bloom impacted coastal areas of padre island national seashore park. two days later and about 0.9 km inland, 30-40 adult green tree frogs (hyla cinerea) were found dead after displaying tremors, weakness, labored breathing, and other signs of neurologic impairment. a rainstorm, accompanied by high winds, rough surf, and high tides, which could have aerosolized brevetoxin, occurred on the morning of the mortality event. frog carcasses were healthy ...	2017	28829928
panmixia and limited interspecific introgression in coyotes (canis latrans) from west virginia and virginia, usa.	the expansion of coyotes (canis latrans) into the eastern united states has had major consequences for ecological communities and wildlife managers. despite this, there has been little investigation of the genetics of coyotes across much of this region, especially outside of the northeast. understanding patterns of genetic structure and interspecific introgression would provide insights into the colonization history of the species, its response to the modern environment, and interactions with ot ...	2017	28821188
genotyping and comparative pathology of spirocerca in black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas) in south africa.	the pathology of spirocercosis, a disease caused by the infestation of carnivores with the nematode spirocerca lupi, has been extensively described in domestic dogs and coyotes. however, it has not been described in wild carnivores in south africa. the aim of this study was to evaluate whether black-backed jackals are a host for spirocerca species and to provide a detailed description of the associated pathology. jackals were also stratified according to age and the spirocerca species recovered ...	2017	28814297
using an emergency department syndromic surveillance system to evaluate reporting of potential rabies exposures, illinois, 2013-2015.	mandatory reporting of potential rabies exposures and initiation of postexposure prophylaxis (pep) allow local health authorities to monitor pep administration for errors. our objectives were to use an emergency department (ed) syndromic surveillance system to (1) estimate reporting compliance for exposure to rabies in suburban cook county, illinois, and (2) initiate interventions to improve reporting and reassess compliance.	2017	28692394
genetic characterization of sarcoptes scabiei from black bears (ursus americanus) and other hosts in eastern united states.	since the early 1990s there has been an increase in the number of cases and geographic expansion of severe mange in the black bear (ursus americanus) population in pennsylvania. although there are 3 species of mites associated with mange in bears, sarcoptes scabiei has been identified as the etiologic agent in these pennsylvania cases. historically s. scabiei-associated mange in bears has been uncommon and sporadic although it is widespread and relatively common in canid populations. to better u ...	2017	28639466
comment on "whole-genome sequence analysis shows two endemic species of north american wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf".	whole-genome data do not support a recent hybrid origin for red and eastern wolves.	2017	28630899
contaminated stream water as source for escherichia coli o157 illness in children.	in may 2016, an outbreak of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 infections occurred among children who had played in a stream flowing through a park. analysis of e. coli isolates from the patients, stream water, and deer and coyote scat showed that feces from deer were the most likely source of contamination.	2017	28628436
seed dispersal of diospyros virginiana in the past and the present: evidence for a generalist evolutionary strategy.	several north american trees are hypothesized to have lost their co-evolved seed disperser during the late-pleistocene extinction and are therefore considered anachronistic. we tested this hypothesis for the american persimmon (diospyros virginiana) by studying the effects of gut passage of proposed seed dispersers on seedling survival and growth, natural fruiting characteristics, and modern animal consumption patterns. we tested gut passage effects on persimmon seeds using three native living s ...	2017	28616198
introgression of coyote mitochondrial dna into sympatric north american gray wolf populations.	mitochondrial dna (mtdna) genotypes of gray wolves and coyotes from localities throughout north america were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. of the 13 genotypes found among the wolves, 7 are clearly of coyote origin, indicating that genetic transfer of coyote mtdna into wolf populations has occurred through hybridization. the transfer of mtdna appears unidirectional from coyotes into wolves because no coyotes sampled have a wolf-derived mtdna genotype. wolves possessi ...	1991	28564062
fight or flight? antipredator behavior and the escalation of coyote encounters with deer.	it is well known that prey of different size and morphology often use different antipredator strategies. the prevailing notion is that this occurs because size, morphology and weaponry determine the relative effectiveness of alternative strategies, and nowhere is this assumption more entrenched than in our view of the basic decision to stay, fight or flee. here, we use observations of coyote (canis latrans) packs hunting deer in winter to show that two ungulates of similar size and morphology, w ...	2002	28547505
contributions of forage competition, harvest, and climate fluctuation to changes in population growth of northern white-tailed deer.	recently there has been considerable interest in determining the relative roles of endogenous (density-dependent) and exogenous (density-independent) factors in driving the population dynamics of free-ranging ungulates. we used time-series analysis to estimate the relative contributions of density-dependent forage competition, climatic fluctuation, and harvesting on the population dynamics of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in nova scotia, canada, from 1983 to 2000. a model incorporat ...	2002	28547026
retrospective evaluation of coyote attacks in dogs: 154 cases (1997-2012).	to describe the clinical presentation and outcome of known attacks in client-owned dogs caused by the common coyote, canis latrans.	2017	28420038
eurasian golden jackal as host of canine vector-borne protists.	jackals are medium-sized canids from the wolf-like clade, exhibiting a unique combination of ancestral morphotypes, broad trophic niches, and close phylogenetic relationships with the wolf and dog. thus, they represent a potential host of several pathogens with diverse transmission routes. recently, populations of the eurasian golden jackal canis aureus have expanded into the western palaearctic, including most of europe. the aim of our study was to examine eurasian golden jackals from romania, ...	2017	28410591
improving the assessment of predator functional responses by considering alternate prey and predator interactions.	to improve understanding of the complex and variable patterns of predator foraging behavior in natural systems, it is critical to determine how density-dependent predation and predator hunting success are mediated by alternate prey or predator interference. despite considerable theory and debate seeking to place predator-prey interactions in a more realistic context, few empirical studies have quantified the role of alternate prey or intraspecific interactions on predator-prey dynamics. we asses ...	2017	28369822
isotopic ecology of coyotes from scat and road kill carcasses: a complementary approach to feeding experiments.	scat is frequently used to study animal diets because it is easy to find and collect, but one concern is that gross fecal analysis (gfa) techniques exaggerate the importance of small-bodied prey to mammalian mesopredator diets. to capitalize on the benefits of scat, we suggest the analysis of scat carbon and nitrogen isotope values (δ13c and δ15n). this technique offers researchers a non-invasive method to gather short-term dietary information. we conducted three interrelated studies to validate ...	2017	28369133
the history of rabies in the western hemisphere.	before the introduction of control programs in the 20th century, rabies in domestic dogs occurred throughout the western hemisphere. however, historical records and phylogenetic analysis of multiple virus isolates indicate that, before the arrival of the first european colonizers, rabies virus was likely present only in bats and skunks. canine rabies was either rare or absent among domestic dogs of native americans, and first arrived when many new dog breeds were imported during the period of eu ...	2017	28365457
prevalence of alaria infection in companion animals in north central oklahoma from 2006 through 2015 and detection in wildlife.	objective to determine the prevalence of alaria infection in cats and dogs in north central oklahoma over various periods and investigate whether wild animal species in this region were also infected. design combined cross-sectional study and case series. sample results of parasitological testing of fecal samples from 5,417 client-owned dogs and 1,246 client-owned cats (2006 through 2014); fecal samples from 837 shelter or rescue dogs and 331 shelter or rescue cats (2013 and 2014) and 268 feral ...	2017	28358635
home range scaling: intraspecific and comparative trends.	intraspecific and intrasexual variation in home range size, body mass and ecological productivity is examined in three selected species of carnivora (felis rufus: canis latrans; ursus americanus), reflecting different diets. we then compare the intraspecific results with prior cross-species studies. home range size and body mass infelis rufus are positively and significantly correlated, similar to other comparative studies. for both intraspecific and intrasexual analyses of all three species, ho ...	1991	28313260
the influence of snow on lynx and coyote movements: does morphology affect behavior?	we studied sympatric lynx (lynx canadensis) and coyotes (canis latrans) to assess how morphological disadvantages to locomotion over snow affected movement patterns. both species are of similar size and mass, but the feet of lynx are much larger, and coyotes were found to have 4.1-8.8 times the foot-load (ratio of body mass to foot area) of lynx. this resulted in greater mean sinking depths of coyote limbs, although the magnitude of the difference was less than that in foot-load. coyotes exhibit ...	1991	28312614
song sparrows, top carnivores and nest predation: a test of the mesopredator release hypothesis.	ground-nesting north american landbirds have declined in the longterm, including species with a variety of migratory strategies. the mesopredator release hypothesis explains declines by suggesting that the virtual elimination of top carnivores (large-bodied canids and felids) from much of north america has "released" populations of nest-destroying mesopredators (i.e., medium-sized terrestrial omnivores such as the raccoon procyon lotor). the hypothesis predicts (1) higher nest success in the pre ...	1998	28308530
growth of coyote willow and the attack and survival of a mid-rib galling sawfly, euura sp.	we studied the relationship between variation in age and shoot characteristics of the host plant salix exigua nuttall (coyote or sandbar willow) and the attack and survival of euura sp. (an unnamed leaf-midrib galling sawfly). variation in shoot characteristics resulted from reduced growth as willow ramets aged. mean shoot length per ramet and mean longest leaf length per shoot decreased by 95% and 50% respectively between 1- and 9-year-old willow ramets. all measured shoot characteristics-shoot ...	1996	28307806
management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: the road to elimination.	rabies is an ancient viral disease that significantly impacts human and animal health throughout the world. in the developing parts of the world, dog bites represent the highest risk of rabies infection to people, livestock, and other animals. however, in north america, where several rabies virus variants currently circulate in wildlife, human contact with the raccoon rabies variant leads to the highest per capita population administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) annually. previous ra ...	2017	28301480
investigation of techniques to measure cortisol and testosterone concentrations in coyote hair.	long-term noninvasive sampling for endangered or elusive species is particularly difficult due to the challenge of collecting fecal samples before hormone metabolite desiccation, as well as the difficulty in collecting a large enough sample size from all individuals. hair samples may provide an environmentally stable alternative that provides a long-term assessment of stress and reproductive hormone profiles for captive, zoo, and wild mammals. here, we extracted and analyzed both cortisol and te ...	2017	28295537
ancestry-specific methylation patterns in admixed offspring from an experimental coyote and gray wolf cross.	reduced fitness of admixed individuals is typically attributed to genetic incompatibilities. although mismatched genomes can lead to fitness changes, in some cases the reduction in hybrid fitness is subtle. the potential role of transcriptional regulation in admixed genomes could provide a mechanistic explanation for these discrepancies, but evidence is lacking for nonmodel organisms. here, we explored the intersection of genetics and gene regulation in admixed genomes derived from an experiment ...	2017	28182234
use of remote cameras to monitor the potential prevalence of sarcoptic mange in southern texas, usa.	sarcoptic mange, caused by the mite sarcoptes scabiei , is a common, highly contagious skin disease that has been reported from more than 100 species of mammals, including humans. our objectives were to 1) determine the prevalence of sarcoptic mange within mammals from southern texas, and 2) determine the efficacy of using remote cameras to estimate mange prevalence. we collected remote camera photographs from a 64-km(2) area and blood and skin scrapings from 166 mammals representing 12 species ...	2017	28135133
inferring infection hazard in wildlife populations by linking data across individual and population scales.	our ability to infer unobservable disease-dynamic processes such as force of infection (infection hazard for susceptible hosts) has transformed our understanding of disease transmission mechanisms and capacity to predict disease dynamics. conventional methods for inferring foi estimate a time-averaged value and are based on population-level processes. because many pathogens exhibit epidemic cycling and foi is the result of processes acting across the scales of individuals and populations, a flex ...	2017	28090753
nicotiana attenuata data hub (nadh): an integrative platform for exploring genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic data in wild tobacco.	nicotiana attenuata (coyote tobacco) is an ecological model for studying plant-environment interactions and plant gene function under real-world conditions. during the last decade, large amounts of genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic data have been generated with this plant which has provided new insights into how native plants interact with herbivores, pollinators and microbes. however, an integrative and open access platform that allows for the efficient mining of these -omics data remaine ...	2017	28086860
ungulate predation and ecological roles of wolves and coyotes in eastern north america.	understanding the ecological roles of species that influence ecosystem processes is a central goal of ecology and conservation biology. eastern coyotes (canis latrans) have ascended to the role of apex predator across much of eastern north america since the extirpation of wolves (canis spp.) and there has been considerable confusion regarding their ability to prey on ungulates and their ecological niche relative to wolves. eastern wolves (c. lycaon) are thought to have been the historical top pr ...	2017	28064464
synanthropic mammals as potential hosts of tick-borne pathogens in panama.	synanthropic wild mammals can be important hosts for many vector-borne zoonotic pathogens. the aim of this study was determine the exposure of synanthropic mammals to two types of tick-borne pathogens in panama, spotted fever group rickettsia (sfgr) and borrelia relapsing fever (rf) spirochetes. one hundred and thirty-one wild mammals were evaluated, including two gray foxes, two crab-eating foxes (from zoos), four coyotes, 62 opossum and 63 spiny rats captured close to rural towns. to evaluate ...	2017	28060928
space use and habitat selection by resident and transient red wolves (canis rufus).	recovery of large carnivores remains a challenge because complex spatial dynamics that facilitate population persistence are poorly understood. in particular, recovery of the critically endangered red wolf (canis rufus) has been challenging because of its vulnerability to extinction via human-caused mortality and hybridization with coyotes (canis latrans). therefore, understanding red wolf space use and habitat selection is important to assist recovery because key aspects of wolf ecology such as ...	2016	28002495
transcriptome profiling reveals differential gene expression of detoxification enzymes in a hemimetabolous tobacco pest after feeding on jasmonate-silenced nicotiana attenuata plants.	the evolutionary arms race between plants and insects has driven the co-evolution of sophisticated defense mechanisms used by plants to deter herbivores and equally sophisticated strategies that enable phytophagous insects to rapidly detoxify the plant's defense metabolites. in this study, we identify the genetic determinants that enable the mirid, tupiocoris notatus, to feed on its well-defended host plant, nicotiana attenuata, an outstanding model for plant-insect interaction studies.	2016	27931186
detecting methemoglobinemia in animals with a drop of blood.	a major concern during pesticide development and use is the impact on non-target species, such as raptors or domestic cats and dogs. sodium nitrite and para-aminopropiophenone (papp) are two toxicants currently being studied for the control of invasive species, such as starlings and feral swine. when given to an animal these compounds oxidize hemoglobin, which renders it unable to carry oxygen resulting in methemoglobinemia. this study developed a method to estimate methemoglobin levels in mamma ...	2016	27930713
evaluation by latent class analysis of a magnetic capture based dna extraction followed by real-time qpcr as a new diagnostic method for detection of echinococcus multilocularis in definitive hosts.	a new method, based on a magnetic capture based dna extraction followed by qpcr, was developed for the detection of the zoonotic parasite echinococcus multilocularis in definitive hosts. latent class analysis was used to compare this new method with the currently used phenol-chloroform dna extraction followed by single tube nested pcr. in total, 60 red foxes and coyotes from three different locations were tested with both molecular methods and the sedimentation and counting technique (sct) or in ...	2016	27884437
some years you live like a coyote: gendered practices of cultural resilience in working rangeland landscapes.	rangeland researchers are increasingly interested in understanding working rangelands as integrated social-ecological systems and in investigating the contexts of human decision-making processes that support system resilience. u.s. public lands ranchers are key partners in rangeland conservation, but the role of women in building system resilience has not yet been explored. we conducted life-history interviews with 19 ranching women in the southwestern united states. we analyzed the resulting tr ...	2016	27878540
the origin of the lower fourth molar in canids, inferred by individual variation.	an increase in tooth number is an exception during mammalian evolution. the acquisition of the lower fourth molar in the bat-eared fox (otocyon megalotis, canidae, carnivora, mammalia) is one example; however, its developmental origin is not clear. in some canids (canidae), individual variation exist as supernumerary molar m4. this study focuses on the acquisition of the lower fourth molar in canids and proposes that the inhibitory cascade model can explain its origin.	2016	27843722
one health interactions of chagas disease vectors, canid hosts, and human residents along the texas-mexico border.	chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi infection) is the leading cause of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy in latin america. texas, particularly the southern region, has compounding factors that could contribute to t. cruzi transmission; however, epidemiologic studies are lacking. the aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of t. cruzi in three different mammalian species (coyotes, stray domestic dogs, and humans) and vectors (triatoma species) to understand the burden of chagas disease ...	2016	27832063
gastrointestinal helminths of coyotes (canis latrans) from southeast nebraska and shenandoah area of iowa.	this survey was carried out on the carcasses of 29 coyotes from southeastern nebraska and shenandoah area of iowa to document the helminths present in the intestinal track of these carnivorous animals.	2016	27733798
adelina anthony interview with aimee carrillo rowe.	this interview explores how performing artist, activist, writer, director, performer adelina anthony stages queer women of color affects as a complex terrain to mobilize a decolonial imaginary. anthony's characters are complex, contradictory, surly, and resilient with whom audience members connect and feel deeply. especially for queer women of color, who rarely get to see their own experiences on film or on stage, anthony's work provides a critical forum for discussing, imagining, naming, and en ...	2017	27611794
polymorphisms in erap1 and erap2 are shared by caninae and segregate within and between random- and pure-breeds of dogs.	specific polymorphisms in the endoplasmic reticulum amino peptidase genes erap1 and erap2, when present with certain mhc class receptor types, have been associated with increased risk for specific cancers, infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders in humans. this increased risk has been linked to distinct polymorphisms in both eraps and mhc class i receptors that affect the way cell-generated peptides are screened for antigenicity. the incidence of cancer, infectious disease and autoimmune di ...	2016	27590425
bartonella rochalimae and b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in wild carnivores from colorado, usa.	spleen samples from 292 wild carnivores from colorado, us were screened for bartonella infection. bartonella dna was detected in coyotes ( canis latrans ) (28%), striped skunks ( mephitis mephitis ) (23%), red foxes ( vulpes vulpes ) (27%), and raccoons ( procyon lotor ) (8%) but not in black bears ( ursus americanus ), gray foxes ( urocyon cinereoargenteus ), and mountain lions ( puma concolor ). two bartonella species, b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and b. rochalimae, were identified. all 10 in ...	2016	27529290
seroprevalence of neospora caninum in feral swine (sus scrofa) in the united states.	the protozoon neospora caninum is a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. canids (canis familiaris, canis latrans, canis lupus) are definitive hosts whereas many other animal species, including pigs, are intermediate hosts for the parasite. between 2012 and 2014, serum samples from 1059 feral swine (sus scrofa) from 29 states of the usa were tested for n. caninum antibodies, using the n. caninum agglutination test (nat). of these, 159 (15.0%) feral pigs from 21 states tested positive, wit ...	2016	27514880
bait development for oral delivery of pharmaceuticals to raccoons (procyon lotor) and striped skunks (mephitis mephitis).	oral vaccination is one tool used to control wildlife diseases. a challenge to oral vaccination is identifying baits specific to target species. the us has been conducting oral vaccination against rabies since the 1990s. improvements in bait development will hasten disease elimination. in colorado, we examined a novel bait for oral vaccination and offered two different flavors, sweet and fish, to captive raccoons ( procyon lotor ) and striped skunks ( mephitis mephitis ) to assess consumption an ...	2016	27505038
prevalence, genetic analyses, and risk factors associated with heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) in wild coyotes (canis latrans) from florida, usa.	we detected heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) in 37.2% of 212 coyotes ( canis latrans ) collected from 28 counties in florida, us, between february 2010 and april 2014. adult coyotes had a higher prevalence (45.6% of 103) than juveniles (29% of 80), and there was no significant difference in prevalence between adult male and female coyotes. adults demonstrated a higher prevalence of heartworm in northern counties (56% of 91) than in southern counties (23.1% of 121) and a higher prevalence in urban ...	2016	27458831
the effect of terrain and female density on survival of neonatal white-tailed deer and mule deer fawns.	juvenile survival is a highly variable life-history trait that is critical to population growth. antipredator tactics, including an animal's use of its physical and social environment, are critical to juvenile survival. here, we tested the hypothesis that habitat and social characteristics influence coyote (canis latrans) predation on white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (o. hemionus) fawns in similar ways during the neonatal period. this would contrast to winter when the hab ...	2016	27386083
olfactory attractants and parity affect prenatal androgens and territoriality of coyote breeding pairs.	hormones are fundamental mediators of personality traits intimately linked with reproductive success. hence, alterations to endocrine factors may dramatically affect individual behavior that has subsequent fitness consequences. yet it is unclear how hormonal or behavioral traits change with environmental stressors or over multiple reproductive opportunities, particularly for biparental fauna. to simulate an environmental stressor, we exposed captive coyote (canis latrans) pairs to novel coyote o ...	2016	27378509
high trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence associated with minimal cardiac pathology among wild carnivores in central texas.	infection with the zoonotic vector-borne protozoal parasite trypanosoma cruzi causes chagas disease in humans and dogs throughout the americas. despite the recognized importance of various wildlife species for perpetuating trypanosoma cruzi in nature, relatively little is known about the development of cardiac disease in infected wildlife. using a cross-sectional study design, we collected cardiac tissue and blood from hunter-donated wildlife carcasses- including raccoon (procyon lotor), coyote ...	2016	27330982
describing a developing hybrid zone between red wolves and coyotes in eastern north carolina, usa.	when hybridizing species come into contact, understanding the processes that regulate their interactions can help predict the future outcome of the system. this is especially relevant in conservation situations where human activities can influence hybridization dynamics. we investigated a developing hybrid zone between red wolves and coyotes in north carolina, usa to elucidate patterns of hybridization in a system heavily managed for preservation of the red wolf genome. using noninvasive genetic ...	2016	27330555