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validation of daily increment deposition and early growth of mud carp cirrhinus molitorella.in this study, laboratory reared cirrhinus molitorella from hatching through to the juvenile stage were used to validate daily increment deposition. lapilli were suitable for ageing c. molitorella. the slope of the linear relationships between increment counts and age was not significantly different from 1 (n = 258, p > 0·05), indicating that growth increments are deposited daily. the first increment following the first-feeding check formed 3 days post hatch (dph). one hundred and twenty-three j ...201728105739
cyto-genotoxicity and oxidative stress in common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to a mixture of ibuprofen and diclofenac.thirty million people worldwide consume each day nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), a heterogeneous group of pharmaceuticals used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. recent studies report high nsaid concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents, in surface, ground, and drinking water, and in sediments. nsaids are also known to induce toxicity on aquatic organisms. however, toxicity in natural ecosystems is not usually the result of exposure to a ...201728101901
a comparative study on antioxidant system in fish hepatopancreas and intestine affected by choline deficiency: different change patterns of varied antioxidant enzyme genes and nrf2 signaling factors.the liver and intestine are susceptible to the oxidative damage which could result in several diseases. choline deficiency induced oxidative damage in rat liver cells. thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms responsible for choline deficiency-induced oxidative damage. juvenile jian carp were fed diets differing in choline content [165 (deficient group), 310, 607, 896, 1167 and 1820 mg/kg diet] respectively for 65 days. oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activit ...201728099509
parasite-induced increases in the energy costs of movement of host freshwater fish.parasitization by the larvae (glochidia) of freshwater mussels can cause harm to a fish's gills, resulting in less effective respiration and/or reduced activity by the host fish. the impact of glochidia infections on the host's physiology remains poorly understood, and no information is available concerning energy consumption in parasitized fish. hence, we obtained glochidia of the invasive unionid mussel sinanodonta (anodonta) woodiana and experimentally infected common carp, cyprinus carpio, t ...201728087365
zinc as a signal to stimulate red blood cell formation in fish.the common carp can tolerate extremely low oxygen levels. these fish store zinc in a specific zinc-binding protein presented in digestive tract tissues, and under low oxygen, the stored zinc is released and used as a signal to stimulate erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation). to determine whether the environmental supply of zinc to other fish species can serve as a signal to induce erythropoiesis as in the common carp, head kidney cells of four different fish species were cultured with supple ...201728085070
cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in fishponds and their effects on fish tissue.cyanobacteria can produce toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins. common and frequently investigated cyanotoxins include microcystins (mcs), nodularin (nod) and saxitoxins (stxs). during the summer of 2011 extensive cyanobacterial growth was found in several fishponds in serbia. sampling of the water and fish (common carp, cyprinus carpio) was performed. water samples from 13 fishponds were found to contain saxitoxin, microcystin, and/or nodularin. lc-ms/ms showed that mc-rr was present in sampl ...201628073548
cryopreservation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) sperm: impact of seeding and freezing rates on post-thaw outputs.in the present study, we examined various freezing protocols, effects of controlled seeding, and changes in cooling rate and determined the endpoint (temperature at which sample could be plugged into liquid nitrogen (ln) without visible effect on survival rate after thawing) to reveal the relative importance of each different stage of cooling on freezing success during cryobanking of carp sperm. sperm samples from different individual carp males were frozen in 0.5 ml straws by conventional freez ...201728072924
use of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and aeromonas salmonicida for detection of immunomodulatory effects of chemicals on fish.to develop a test for assessing the immunomodulatory effects of chemical pollutants on fish, we evaluated the effects of dexamethasone on the natural host-pathogen interaction between common carp (cyprinus carpio) and aeromonas salmonicida. carp were exposed to 1mgl(-1) dexamethasone for the entire experimental period. one week after the exposure test started, the exposed fish, as well as unexposed fish, were bath-infected with a. salmonicida. one hundred percent mortality was observed in bacter ...201728063699
quantitative analyses of the bacterial microbiota of rearing environment, tilapia and common carp cultured in earthen ponds and inhibitory activity of its lactic acid bacteria on fish spoilage and pathogenic bacteria.the present study aimed to evaluate the bacterial load of water, nile tilapia and common carp intestines from earthen ponds, isolate lactic acid bacteria (lab) and assess their antimicrobial activity against fish spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. following enumeration and isolation of microorganisms the antimicrobial activity of the lab isolates was evaluated. taxonomic identification of selected antagonistic lab strains was assessed, followed by partial characterisation of their antimicrobial m ...201728063102
occurrence of parasites of the genus eustrongylides spp. (nematoda: dioctophymatidae) in fish caught in trasimeno lake, italy.eustrongylides spp. is considered a freshwater fish zoonotic nematode. in the present study, the prevalence of eustrongylides spp. in six edible fish (european perch - perca fluviatilis, goldfish - carassius auratus, largemouth black bass - micropterus salmoides, tench- tinca tinca, carp - cyprinus carpio and sand smelt - atherina boyeri) of trasimeno lake was surveyed. the investigations were conducted from october 2014 to september 2015 and 384 specimens per species for each season were caught ...201628058245
sublethal effect assessment of a low-power and dual-frequency anti-cyanobacterial ultrasound device on the common carp (cyprinus carpio): a field study.the use of ultrasonication for cyanobacterial control in freshwater bodies has become increasingly popular during the last decades despite controversial efficiency on large scale application. apart from that, little information is currently available regarding ultrasound toxicity potential towards non-target species. this work was designed to address this issue in the common carp using a low-power (7-9 w output) and dual-frequency (23 and 46 khz) anti-cyanobacterial ultrasound device. results sh ...201728039630
genome-wide association study for muscle fat content and abdominal fat traits in common carp (cyprinus carpio).muscle fat content is an important phenotypic trait in fish, as it affects the nutritional, technical and sensory qualities of flesh. to identify loci and candidate genes associated with muscle fat content and abdominal fat traits, we performed a genome-wide association study (gwas) using the common carp 250 k snp assay in a common carp f2 resource population. a total of 18 loci surpassing the genome-wide suggestive significance level were detected for 4 traits: fat content in dorsal muscle (mfd ...201628030623
cyprinid herpesvirus 3 as a potential biological control agent for carp (cyprinus carpio) in australia: susceptibility of non-target species.carp (cyprinus carpio l.) is a pest species in australian waterways, and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is being considered as a potential biological control (biocontrol) agent. an important consideration for any such agent is its target specificity. in this study, the susceptibility to cyhv-3 of a range of non-target species (nts) was tested. the nts were as follows: 13 native australian, and one introduced, fish species; a lamprey species; a crustacean; two native amphibian species (tadpole a ...201628026008
gut content microbiota of introduced bigheaded carps (hypophthalmichthys spp.) inhabiting the largest shallow lake in central europe.studying the microbiota in the alimentary tract of bigheaded carps (hypophthalmichthys spp.) gained special interest recently, as these types of investigations on non-native fish species may lead to a better understanding of their ecological role and feeding habits in an invaded habitat. for microbiological examinations, bigheaded carp gut contents and water column samples from lake balaton (hungary) were collected from spring to autumn in 2013. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and ...201728024525
population structure and genetic diversity of indian major carp, labeo rohita (hamilton, 1822) from three phylo-geographically isolated riverine ecosystems of india as revealed by mtdna cytochrome b region sequences.the population structure and genetic diversity of rohu (labeo rohita hamilton, 1822) was studied by analysis of the partial sequences of mitochondrial dna cytochrome b region. we examined 133 samples collected from six locations in three geographically isolated rivers of india. analysis of 11 haplotypes showed low haplotype diversity (0.00150), nucleotide diversity (π) (0.02884) and low heterogeneity value (0.00374). analysis of molecular variance (amova) revealed the genetic diversity of l. roh ...201628024428
modulation of erythromycin-induced biochemical responses in crucian carp by ketoconazole.the individual and combined biochemical responses of erythromycin and ketoconazole have been examined in an organism representative of the aquatic environment, crucian carp (carassius auratus). the possible interactions between erythromycin and ketoconazole were investigated on the bioaccumulation and the expression of biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst), and an antioxidant defense enzyme superoxide dismutase (sod) in fish tissues. ...201728004371
accumulation of mercury in the tissues of the great cormorant (phalacrocorax carbo) from common carp.the aim of this work is to assess mercury content in the great cormorant in the třeboň region pond systems (czech republic) in terms of its potential to accumulate mercury from common carp. selected tissues samples were taken from 51 cormorants and 30 common carp. in the food chain the cormorant was found to have the potential to accumulate mercury, where the muscle total mercury was roughly 35 times higher compared to the total mercury content in the carp muscle as its food. a statistically sig ...201728004136
lectin purification from carp roe (cyprinus carpio l.), investigation of its carbohydrate specificity and application in histochemistry.a method of lectin purification from carp roe (ccra) was elaborated, which includes affinity chromatography on cross-linked ovomucoid and copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and blood group-specific substances. that allowed obtaining lectin with electrophoretic purity and yielding of ˜ 42 mg÷kg roe. electrophoresis in 15% polyacrylamide gel in the presence of β-mercaptoethanol showed one band with molecular mass ˜ 15 kda, whereas in the absence of β-mercaptoethanol, ccra exposed band with molecular ...201628002514
a novel igf3 gene in common carp (cyprinus carpio): evidence for its role in regulating gonadal development.since the insulin-like growth factor 3 (igf3) gene was recently discovered in fish ovary, its function in the gonads has received much attention. in this study, we isolated two igf3 subtypes from common carp (cyprinus carpio), which comprised full-length cdna of 707 and 1153 nucleotides encoding 205 and 198 amino acids (aa), respectively. the igf3 aa sequence had the highest gene homology of 72% with the corresponding sequence in zebrafish (danio rerio). phylogenetic tree construction revealed t ...201628002497
does turbidity induced by carassius carassius limit phytoplankton growth? a mesocosm study.it is well established that benthivorous fish in shallow lakes can create turbid conditions that influence phytoplankton growth both positively, as a result of elevated nutrient concentration in the water column, and negatively, due to increased attenuation of light. the net effect depends upon the degree of turbidity induced by the benthivores. stocked carassius carassius dominate the benthivorous fish fauna in many nutrient-rich chinese subtropical and tropical shallow lakes, but the role of t ...201728000069
biologically active recombinant carp lh as a spawning-inducing agent for carp.currently, spawning is induced in carp species by carp pituitary extract (cpe) and a combination of synthetic agonist of gnrh combined with a dopamine antagonist. the main goal of this study was the production of recombinant gonadotropins (gths) on a large scale to serve as an alternative to currently used agents. we produced carp (c) recombinant (r) lh as a single chain in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris lha subunit was joined with lhb subunit with a flexible linker of three glycine-se ...201727999090
short-term effects of t-2 toxin or deoxynivalenol on lipid peroxidation and the glutathione system in common carp.the purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of a single oral dose of t-2 and ht-2 toxin at 0.15, 0.33 and 1.82 mg kg(-1) body weight, or deoxynivalenol (don) and 15-acetyl-don at 0.13, 0.31 and 1.75 mg kg(-1) body weight in common carp. conjugated dienes and trienes (the early markers of lipid peroxidation) were elevated in all don-treated groups at the 16th hour, while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars; termination marker) were increased at the highest dose ...201627993104
erratum to: prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of antibodies against carbamylated proteins in a monocentric cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases.anti-carp antibodies were detected in 117 patients with ra (37.9%), acpa in 190 patients (61.4%) and rf in 202 patients (65.3%). two (2.04%) of the nhs were positive for anti-carp, one nhs (1.02%) was positive for acpa and three nhs were positive for rf (3.06%). among disease controls, anti-carp antibodies were detected in 33 patients (16.5%), acpa in 29 patients (14.5%) and rf in 64 patients (32%). in particular, 16.8% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 31.1% of patients with sjö ...201627986080
disseminated infection due to exophiala pisciphila in cardinal tetra, paracheirodon axelrodi.cardinal tetra, paracheirodon axelrodi (schultz, 1956), kept in an ornamental tank, was found to be affected by severe invasive mycosis. externally, the disease manifested as abdominal swelling, and internally, the anterior part of the intestine was extremely bloated with abundant dematiaceous septate hyphae and an accumulation of fluid. histopathologically, a granulomatous inflammatory response was observed in the intestine wall, kidney and spleen. we assume that the mycotic agent was primarily ...201627982440
new cell motility model observed in parasitic cnidarian sphaerospora molnari (myxozoa:myxosporea) blood stages in fish.cellular motility is essential for microscopic parasites, it is used to reach the host, migrate through tissues, or evade host immune reactions. many cells employ an evolutionary conserved motor protein- actin, to crawl or glide along a substrate. we describe the peculiar movement of sphaerospora molnari, a myxozoan parasite with proliferating blood stages in its host, common carp. myxozoa are highly adapted parasitic cnidarians alternately infecting vertebrates and invertebrates. s. molnari blo ...201627982057
structural, functional and in vitro digestion characteristics of spray dried fish roe powder stabilised with gum arabic.fish roes are considered as nutritionally valuable for their high content of essential fatty acids and amino acids. however, roe lipids undergo considerable extent of oxidation during processing and storage, imparting objectionable bitter taste and rancid flavour to roe products. hence, the objective of the study was to reconstitute the roe mass and microencapsulate lipid fraction, so that small oil droplets are entrapped within a dry matrix of roe proteins during spray drying. prior to spray dr ...201727979150
helminth parasites of finfish commercial aquaculture in latin america.latin america has tripled production by aquaculture up to 78 million tonnes in the past 20 years. however, one of the problems that aquaculture is facing is the presence of helminth parasites and the diseases caused by them in the region. in this review we have collected all the available information on helminths affecting commercial aquaculture in latin america and the caribbean (lac), emphasizing those causing serious economic losses. monogeneans are by far the most common and aggressive paras ...201727976599
the use of peptide markers of carp and herring allergens as an example of detection of sequenced and non-sequenced proteins.the objective of this study is to identify fish protein markers for detecting multiple species based on a comparative proteomic approach that relies on fragments with identical sequences. the possibilities and challenges of the use of peptides obtained from carp (cyprinus carpio) and herring (clupea harengus) proteins are discussed. a bioinformatic analysis was followed by an lc-ms/ms experiment to identify markers predicting the presence of fish allergenic proteins. selected myosin peptides wer ...201627956857
genome wide identification, phylogeny, and expression of aquaporin genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio).aquaporins (aqps) are integral membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes. among vertebrate species, aqps are highly conserved in both gene structure and amino acid sequence. these proteins are vital for maintaining water homeostasis in living organisms, especially for aquatic animals such as teleost fish. studies on teleost aqps are mainly limited to several model species with diploid genomes. common carp, which has a tetraploidized genome, ...201627935978
cyprinid herpesvirus 3 and its evolutionary future as a biological control agent for carp in australia.biological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity. australia has experienced many invasive species, with the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) a prominent example. cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) has been proposed as a biological control (biocontrol) agent for invasive carp in australia. safety and efficacy are critical factors in assessing the suitability of biocontrol agents, and extensive host-specificity testing suggests that cyhv-3 is safe. efficacy depends on the relationship b ...201627931224
effects of portable solar water quality control machines on aquaculture ponds.the effects of a portable solar water quality control machine (pswm) on water quality and sediment of aquaculture ponds were studied in bream aquaculture ponds in shanghai, china. pswm operation reduced the temperature and dissolved oxygen (do) differences between upper and lower water levels. concentrations of nh4(+)-n, no2(-)-n, tn, tp, cod and tss increased rapidly and reached maximums at 12 h. the density and biomass of phytoplankton and levels of chlorophyll a reached maximums after 40 h of ...201727928749
application of biotic ligand model in predicting copper acute toxicity to carp (cyprinidae).three representative species of cyprinidae fishes (aristichthys nobilis, ctenopharyngodon idellus, and cyprinus carpio), which are abundant in chinese surface waters, were studied to determine their sensitivity to copper (cu) in acute exposures. we first performed acute toxicity tests to determine the cu lc50 value for each species in water with varying characteristics. the biotic ligand model (blm) was then calibrated using the toxicity data for these species together with binding properties sp ...201727928618
effects of chronic dietary exposure of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the serum protein profile of juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).zinc oxide (zno) nanoparticles (nps) have been dramatically used in industry, biology, and medicine. despite their interesting physico-chemical properties for application in various industrial, medical, and consumer products, safe use of zno nps are under challenges due to the inadequate information related to their toxicological endpoints. proteomics was applied to evaluate the sub-lethal effects of dietary exposure to zno nps on serum proteome profile of juvenile common carp, (cyprinus carpio) ...201727916310
dietary fish oil replacement by linseed oil: effect on growth, nutrient utilization, tissue fatty acid composition and desaturase gene expression in silver barb (puntius gonionotus) fingerlings.silver barb (puntius gonionotus) is considered a promising medium carp species for freshwater aquaculture in asia. this study in silver barb was carried out to evaluate the effects of total or partial substitution of dietary fish oil (fo) with linseed oil (lo) on growth, nutrient utilization, whole-body composition, muscle and liver fatty acid composition. fish (12.1±0.4g of initial body weight) were fed for 60days with five experimental iso-proteinous, iso-lipidic and iso-caloric diets in which ...201727913275
antibodies against carbamylated proteins and cyclic citrullinated peptides in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from two well-defined european cohorts.articular manifestations are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) whereas erosive disease is not. antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-ccp) are citrulline-dependent in rheumatoid arthritis (ra), whereas the opposite is suggested in sle, as reactivity with cyclic arginine peptide (cap) is typically present. antibodies targeting carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) may occur in anti-ccp/rheumatoid factor (rf)-negative cases long before clinical onset of ra. we analysed these antib ...201627912793
effects of dietary vitamin e deficiency on systematic pathological changes and oxidative stress in fish.the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin e deficiency on systematic pathological changes and oxidative stress in fish. a total of 320 healthy common carp (cyprinus carpio) were randomized into four groups; the control group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 iukg-1 of vitamin e, while the three experimental groups were fed the same basal diet with reduced vitamin e content (0, 25, or 50 iukg-1). findings showed that fish in the experimental groups mainly pr ...201627911874
smoking is associated with the concurrent presence of multiple autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis rather than with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies per se: a multicenter cohort study.the contribution of smoking to rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is hypothesized to be mediated through formation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (acpa). in ra, however, autoantibodies such as acpa, rheumatoid factor (rf), and anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-carp) often occur together, and it is thus unclear whether smoking is specifically associated with some autoantibodies rather than others. we therefore investigated whether smoking is only associated with acpa or with the presenc ...201627906045
plasticity in growth of farmed and wild atlantic salmon: is the increased growth rate of farmed salmon caused by evolutionary adaptations to the commercial diet?domestication of atlantic salmon for commercial aquaculture has resulted in farmed salmon displaying substantially higher growth rates than wild salmon under farming conditions. in contrast, growth differences between farmed and wild salmon are much smaller when compared in the wild. the mechanisms underlying this contrast between environments remain largely unknown. it is possible that farmed salmon have adapted to the high-energy pellets developed specifically for aquaculture, contributing to ...201627905882
emergence of carp edema virus in cultured ornamental koi carp, cyprinus carpio koi, in india.a disease outbreak was reported in adult koi, cyprinus carpio koi, from a fish farm in kerala, india, during june 2015. the clinical signs were observed only in recently introduced adult koi, and an existing population of fish did not show any clinical signs or mortality. microscopic examination of wet mounts from the gills of affected koi revealed minor infestation of dactylogyrus sp. in a few koi. in bacteriological studies, only opportunistic bacteria were isolated from the gills of affected ...201627902384
prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of antibodies against carbamylated proteins in a monocentric cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune rheumatic diseases.antibodies against carbamylated proteins (anti-carp) have been recently identified in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra). the objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of anti-carp compared to anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (acpa) and rheumatoid factor (rf), replicating the existing data in a large cohort of italian patients with ra and extending the evaluation to other autoimmune rheumatic diseases (airds).201627887639
zebrafish embryonic development is induced by carp sperm.haploid gynogenetic screens increase the efficiency of forward genetic screens and linkage analysis in fish. typically, uv-irradiated zebrafish sperm is used to activate zebrafish oocytes for haploid screens. we describe the use of uv-irradiated common carp sperm to activate haploid gynogenetic zebrafish development. carp × zebrafish hybrids are shown to have a characteristic set of features during embryonic development and exhibit functional development of several tissues (muscle, heart and ner ...201627881764
parasitic infection alters haematology and immunity parameters of common carp, cyprinus carpio, linnaeus, 1758.the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of parasite infection on haematological parameters of common carp, cyprinus carpio. to this end, fish with same age were sampled from a warm water fish farm. after fish sampling, fish were transferred to lab for parasite study. parasite incidence percent and density were calculated for two population carps. after parasite study, to investigate the haematological parameters, the blood sampling was carried out from two group fish i.e. infe ...201627876978
alternations in the liver enzymatic activity of common carp, cyprinus carpio in response to parasites, dactylogyrus spp. and gyrodactylus spp.the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of parasites, monogenea, dactylogyrus spp. and gyrodactylus spp. on some enzymatic and biochemical components of liver in healthy and infected common carp, cyprinus carpio. for this purpose, 10 healthy and 10 infected fish were collected from farm. the blood samples were taken and after separation of serum, the values of aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase (alt) enzymes activities as well as creatinine and urea w ...201627876903
blocking antibodies induced by immunization with a hypoallergenic parvalbumin mutant reduce allergic symptoms in a mouse model of fish allergy.fish is a frequent elicitor of severe ige-mediated allergic reactions. beside avoidance, there is currently no allergen-specific therapy available. hypoallergenic variants of the major fish allergen, parvalbumin, for specific immunotherapy based on mutation of the 2 calcium-binding sites have been developed.201627876628
effects of prolonged anoxia on electrical activity of the heart in crucian carp (carassius carassius).the effects of sustained anoxia on cardiac electrical excitability were examined in the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp (carassius carassius). the electrocardiogram (ecg) and expression of excitation-contraction coupling genes were studied in fish acclimatised to normoxia in summer (+18°c) or winter (+2°c), and in winter fish after 1, 3 and 6 weeks of anoxia. anoxia induced a sustained bradycardia from a heart rate of 10.3±0.77 beats min(-1) to 4.1±0.29 beats min(-1) (p<0.05) after 5 weeks, and hea ...201727872214
serine protease inhibitor kazal-type 2 is expressed in the male reproductive tract of carp with a possible role in antimicrobial protection.the presence of the low-molecular-mass serine protease inhibitor kazal-type (spink) is a characteristic feature of vertebrate semen. its main function is control of the serine protease in the acrosome, acrosin. here we showed for the first time that spink is present in the seminal plasma of carp, which have anacrosomal spermatozoa. using a three-step isolation procedure that consisted in gel filtration and rp-hplc and re-rp-hplc, we isolated this inhibitor and identified it as serine protease in ...201727867114
polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in great lakes fish: levels, patterns, trends and implications for human exposure.levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) were measured in edible portions of great lakes fish, with the goal of examining patterns/trends and evaluating implications for human exposure. a total of 470 fillets of 18 fish species collected from various parts of the canadian waters of the great lakes between 2006 and 2013 were analyzed for 17 (expanded to 33 in 2009) pbdes. for a limited number of species, fillet to whole body and fillet to eggs pbdes were compared to examine pattern and co ...201727865120
can water disinfection prevent the transmission of infectious koi herpesvirus to naïve carp? - a case report.hygienic measures such as disinfection are important tools for the maintenance of fish health in aquaculture. while little information is available on the disinfection of water intended for fish containment, huwa-san(®) , a disinfectant used in food and water industries, was used for daily treatment at concentrations of approximately 60 ppm over a total period of 3 months (experiment 1) with a 3-week treatment-free interval after 2 months (experiment 2). during this period, koi herpesvirus (khv) ...201627862001
spontaneous polyploidy, gynogenesis and androgenesis in second generation (f2 ) koi cyprinus carpio × goldfish carassius auratus hybrids.the objective of this study was to characterize the genetics of second generation (f2 ) koi cyprinus carpio × goldfish carassius auratus hybrids. spermatozoa produced by a novel, fertile f1 male were found to be diploid by flow-cytometric analysis. backcross (f1 female × c. carpio male and c. carpio female × f1 male) juveniles were triploid, confirming that female and male f1 hybrids both produced diploid gametes. the vast majority of surviving f2 juveniles was diploid and small proportions were ...201727861861
morphological features of an endangered japanese strain of cyprinus carpio: reconstruction based on seven snp markers.morphological analyses of 183 specimens of japanese common carp cyprinus carpio (171 from lake biwa and 12 from nursery ponds) using genetic hybrid indices demonstrated that the typical native japanese strain of c. carpio has a more elongate body, more branched dorsal-fin rays, fewer and shorter gill rakers, more developed pneumatic bulb, more coiled pneumatic duct, longer posterior swimbladder and shorter intestine than the typical introduced c. carpio. these results provide a basis for a bette ...201727859297
european carp (cyprinus carpio l.) protein-derived ex vivo digests and in vitro hydrolysates differ in the ace i inhibitory activity and composition of released ace inhibitory peptides.carp muscle tissue is a valuable source of biologically active constituents known to positively influence human health. in this study, carp protein digests/hydrolysates generated by human/ porcine digestive enzymes were analysed for their angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitory (acei) activity. the ex vivo digests and in vitro hydrolysates were used in a screening for acei peptides as well. carp proteins were hydrolysed more rapidly by human gastrointestinal juices than by porcine enzymes. sa ...201727855606
description of a myxozoan parasite myxobolus sp.n pkb2014 from an edible fish, with emphasis on its molecular characterization.in india, more than 104 species of myxobolus have so far been reported infecting freshwater as well as marine fishes. the study focuses on the description of a new myxosporean species, myxobolus sp.n pkb 2014 from the gill lamellae of an indian major carp labeo rohita. the species have been described on the basis of morphological characterization of the spores, tissue architecture and 18s rdna sequence data. the plasmodia of myxobolus sp.n pkb 2014 were round in shape measuring, 50 to 70 μm in d ...201527844012
the phylogenetic position of myxoboluscarnaticus (myxozoa, myxosporea, bivalvulida) infecting gill lamellae of cirrhinus mrigala (hamilton, 1822) based on 18s rrna sequence analysis.myxozoans are an economically important group of microscopic parasites best known for the diseases they cause in commercially important fish hosts. the classification of myxosporeans is generally based on the morphology of their myxospores. without molecular data, it is very difficult to identify new or existing species. dna sequence information is therefore, a prerequisite to taxonomic and phylogenic studies of myxosporeans. in the present study, a myxozoan parasite, myxobolus carnaticus, infec ...201527844004
molecular and phylogenetic characterization of thelohanellus qadrii (myxozoa, myxosporea, bivalvulida) infecting the secondary gill epithelium of indian major carp, catla catla (hamilton, 1822).myxosporean taxonomy which is traditionally based on the morphology of the myxospore stage, is in a state of flux given new insights provided by the expanding dataset of dna sequences. to date, more than 40 species of thelohanellus from india have been described according to morphometric characteristics. nevertheless, molecular data on these histozoic myxosporean parasites of freshwater fish are scarce. in the present study, molecular characterizations of thelohanellus qadrii infecting the secon ...201527844000
molecular phylogeny of myxobolus orissae (myxosporea: myxobolidae) infecting the gill lamellae of mrigal carp cirrhinus mrigala (actinopterygii: cyprinidae).myxosporeans are best known for the diseases they cause in commercially important fish species. identification of myxosporeans at the species-level is mainly based on conventional methods. the 18s rrna gene sequence of morphologically identified myxobolus orissae infecting the gill lamellae of mrigal carp cirrhinus mrigala was characterized in the present study. the plasmodia of m.orissae were small, elongated and white to pale in colour. phylogenetically, the 18s rdna nucleotide sequence of m.o ...201527843992
molecular characterization of myxobolus cuttacki (myxozoa, myxosporea, bivalvulida) infecting gill lamellae of minor carp labeo bata (ham.).as new pathogenic strains are emerging and threatening aquaculture development, myxosporeans (myxozoa) are receiving much attention in recent years. myxosporean taxonomy is traditionally based on morphology of the myxospore stage. molecular data on indian myxosporeans are rare. in this report, the 18s rrna gene sequence of myxobolus cuttacki infecting gill lamellae of minor carp labeo bata (ham.) and its phylogenetic relationship with other myxobolids are described for the first time. the plasmo ...201427843987
description and experimental transmission of tetracapsuloides vermiformis n. sp. (cnidaria: myxozoa) and guidelines for describing malacosporean species including reinstatement of buddenbrockia bryozoides n. comb. (syn. tetracapsula bryozoides).this paper provides the first detailed description of a tetracapsuloides species, tetracapsuloides vermiformis n. sp., with vermiform stages in the bryozoan host, fredericella sultana, and its experimental transmission from f. sultana to cyprinus carpio. the suitability of morphological, biological and 18s rdna sequence data for discrimination between malacosporean species is reviewed and recommendations are given for future descriptions. presently, malacosporean species cannot be differentiated ...201727842616
effect of t-2 toxin-contaminated diet on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the t-2 toxin, a fungal metabolite produced by fusarium molds, occurs in a range of agriculture products. reduced availability of fish meal has led to increasing use of cereals as a source of protein in commercial aquaculture feeds, which has increased the potential for mycotoxin contamination. the purpose of this study was to investigate toxicity of t-2 toxin intake in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters and oxidative stress indices. i ...201727840172
molecular cloning and characterization of lrtlr4, analysis of its inductive expression and associated down-stream signaling molecules following lipopolysaccharide stimulation and gram-negative bacterial infection.toll-like receptors (tlrs) play key roles in innate immunity from lower to higher vertebrates. among various tlr types, tlr4 was reported to recognize lps in higher vertebrates resulting in the activation of down-stream signaling pathway. except in some teleosts, function of tlr4 in most fish species including rohu (labeo rohita) a commercially important fish species in the south-east asian countries remained unknown. to investigate it, full-length cdna of labeo rohita tlr4 (lrtlr4) was cloned, ...201727838566
the evolution, structure and function of the ray finned fish (actinopterygii) glucocorticoid receptors.basal ray-finned fish (actinopterygii) possess a single glucocorticoid receptor (gr) and when compared to the lobe-finned vertebrate (sarcopterygii) gr possess nine additional amino acids between the zinc-finger of the dna binding domain. a whole genome duplication event which occurred between 320 and 350mya in the teleost lineage following the split from the basal ray-finned fish resulted in 2 grs: one gr group, gr1, has retained the 9 amino acids insert whereas the other group, gr2, has not. t ...201627838382
edwardsiella tarda ompa encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles shows superior protection over inactivated whole cell vaccine in orally vaccinated fringed-lipped peninsula carp (labeo fimbriatus).the use of oral vaccination in finfish has lagged behind injectable vaccines for a long time as oral vaccines fall short of injection vaccines in conferring protective immunity. biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (nps) have shown potential to serve as antigen delivery systems for oral vaccines. in this study the recombinant outer membrane protein a (rompa) of edwardsiella tarda was encapsulated in chitosan nps (np-rompa) and used for oral vaccination of labeo fimbriatus. the rompa purity was ...201627827990
quantitative trait loci for morphometric traits in multiple families of common carp (cyprinus carpio).quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping is frequently used to understand the genetic architecture of quantitative traits. herein, we performed a genome scan for qtl affecting the morphometric characters in eight full-sib families containing 522 individuals using different statistical methods (sib-pair and half-sib model). a total of 194 qtls were detected in 25 different regions on 10 linkage groups (lgs). among them, 37 qtls on five lgs (eight, 13, 24, 40 and 45) were significant (5% genome-wide ...201727826895
zebrafish foxo3b negatively regulates antiviral response through suppressing the transactivity of irf3 and irf7.forkhead box o (foxo)3, a member of the foxo family of transcription factors, plays key roles in various cellular processes, including development, longevity, reproduction, and metabolism. recently, foxo3 has also been shown to be involved in modulating the immune response. however, how foxo3 regulates immunity and the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. in this study, we show that zebrafish (danio rerio) foxo3b, an ortholog of mammalian foxo3, is induced by polyinosinic-polycytidyl ...201627815423
poly i:c facilitates the phosphorylation of ctenopharyngodon idellus type i ifn receptor subunits and jak kinase.members of the janus kinase (jak) family, jak1 and tyk2 take part in jak-stat signaling pathway mediated by interferon in mammalian cells. similar to the mammalian counterparts, fish jak1 and tyk2 also perform their potential biological activities by phosphorylating cytokine receptors and stat. in the present study, ctenopharyngodon idellus jak1 (cijak1) and tyk2 (cityk2) were cloned and identified. the full-length cdna of cijak1 (kt724352.1) is 3829 bp, with an open reading frame (orf) of 3465 ...201727815207
effects of ndrg1 family proteins on photoreceptor outer segment morphology in zebrafish.rods and cones are functionally and morphologically distinct. we previously identified n-myc downstream-regulated gene 1b (ndrg1b) in carp as a cone-specific gene. here, we show that ndrg1b and its paralog, ndrg1a-1, contribute to photoreceptor outer segment (os) formation in zebrafish. in adult zebrafish photoreceptors, ndrg1a-1 was localized in the entire cone plasma membranes, and also in rod plasma membranes except its os. ndrg1b was expressed specifically in cones in the entire plasma membr ...201627811999
antioxidant balance and accumulation of advanced glycation end products after the consumption of standard diets including maillard reaction products from silver carp peptides.the aim of this research was to investigate the accumulation and excretion of ages including fluorescent compounds and n-ε-carboxymethyllysine (cml) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes c57bl/6j mice fed on a diet containing maillard reaction products (mrps) from a silver carp peptide-glucose model system at different heating temperatures for the first time, and analyze the relationship between their in vitro antioxidant activity based on dpph and orac assays and in vivo oxidative stress. the in v ...201627805212
a light-colored region of caudal fin: a niche of melanocyte progenitors in crucian carp (cyprinus carpio l.).melanocyte stem cells are a population of immature cells which sustain the self-renewal and replenish the differentiated melanocytes. in this research, a light-colored region (lcr) is observed at the heel of caudal fin in juvenile crucian carp. by cutting off the caudal fin, the operated caudal fin can regenerate in accordance with the original pigment pattern from the retained lcr. as markers of stem cells, oct4 and sox2 have been found to be highly expressed in the lcr as well as mitfa, a labe ...201727797132
plant polysaccharides used as immunostimulants enhance innate immune response and disease resistance against aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish.plant polysaccharides (pps) are an important medicinal plant product, and play a major role in preventing and controlling infectious microbes in aquaculture. the present study investigated the effect of three pps; ficus carica polysaccharides (fcps), radix isatidis polysaccharides (rips), and schisandra chinensis polysaccharides (scps), used as feed additives, on innate immune responses and disease resistance against aeromonas hydrophila in crucian carp. results show that crucian carp fed with t ...201627794459
complexity of gap junctions between horizontal cells of the carp retina.in the vertebrate retina, horizontal cells (hcs) reveal homologous coupling by gap junctions (gj), which are thought to consist of different connexins (cx). however, recent studies in mouse, rabbit and zebrafish retina indicate that individual hcs express more than one connexin. to provide further insights into the composition of gj connecting hcs and to determine whether hcs express multiple connexins, we examined the molecular identity and distribution of gj between hcs of the carp retina. we ...201727793781
pre-acclimation to low ammonia improves ammonia handling in common carp (cyprinus carpio) when exposed subsequently to high environmental ammonia.we tested whether exposing fish to low ammonia concentrations induced acclimation processes and helped fish to tolerate subsequent (sub)lethal ammonia exposure by activating ammonia excretory pathways. common carp (cyprinus carpio) were pre-exposed to 0.27mm ammonia (∼10% 96h lc50) for 3, 7 and 14days. thereafter, each of these pre-exposed and parallel naïve groups were exposed to 1.35mm high environmental ammonia (hea, ∼50% 96h lc50) for 12h and 48h to assess the occurrence of ammonia acclimati ...201627788451
nanocerium oxide increases the survival of adult rod and cone photoreceptor in culture by abrogating hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.in vitro cell culture system for adult rod and cone photoreceptor (pr) is an effective and economical model for screening drug candidates against all kinds of age related retinal blindness. interestingly, adult pr cells have a limited survival in the culture system, thus preventing full exploitation of this in vitro approach for drug screening applications. the limited survival of the adult pr cells in culture is due to their inherently high oxidative stress and photic injury. mixed valence-stat ...201627782496
kinetics of deposition, acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper in some freshwater organisms.experiments with environmentally relevant concentrations of cu in glass aquaria revealed that cu was quickly removed from water. cubic regression of cu concentration against time showed that maximum rate of removal was around 69.34-72.11 h irrespective of treatment. the 96 h lc50 value of cu was respectively 0.18, 0.19 and 0.35 mg/l for fish cyprinus carpio, crustacean diaptomus forbesi and worm branchiura sowerbyi. normalizing the lethal values and plotting them against time it was observed tha ...201627778046
detection of orf6 protein associated with latent khv infection.koi herpesvirus (khv) is highly pathogenic to cyprinus carpio. khv can also become latent in recovered fish and reactivate from latency under stressful conditions. understanding khv latency is important for development of strategies against herpesvirus latent infection. our previous studies found khv orf6 mrna is detectable during latent infection. in this study, orf6 protein expression was investigated by a polyclonal antibody specific to orf6 peptide. positive staining by an immunofluorescence ...201727771562
comparative assessment of physico-chemical characteristics and fibril formation capacity of thermostable carp scales collagen.collagen and collagen fibers have been widely documented as a potential and competitive biomaterial for medical applications. however, the searches for safe and realistic new collagen sources are still underway. currently, fishery by-products (scales), a promising collagen source are usually discarded. in the present study, in vitro fibril-forming ability of the extracted fish scale collagen is reported. the aim of the investigation was to evaluate the concomitant comparison of fibril-forming ab ...201727770898
protective effects of calcium on cadmium accumulation in co-cultured silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and triangle sail mussel (hyriopsis cumingii).discovering cost effective strategies to reduce cadmium (cd) uptake is of great concern for consumer food safety in the aquaculture industry. this study investigated the protective effects of calcium (ca) on cd uptake in co-cultured silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and triangle sail mussel (hyriopsis cumingii). the results show that ca-depending on its applied concentration-caused a significant decrease in the cd uptake into muscle (by 48 %-72 %), gills (by 51 %-57 %), liver (by 52 %-81 ...201627761596
dietary phytoimmunostimulant persian hogweed (heracleum persicum) has more remarkable impacts on skin mucus than on serum in common carp (cyprinus carpio).immunostimulation through the use of sustainable and eco-friendly dietary additives is one of the current prophylactic strategies in fish husbandry. plant-based immunostimulants are highly considered for this intent, both for their scientific and practical advantages. persian hogweed (heracleum persicum) is a flower-bearing herb that possesses interesting pharmacological importance due to its bioactive compounds. it is commonly used as spice, food additive, dietary supplement and traditional rem ...201627751916
the natural armors of fish: a comparison of the lamination pattern and structure of scales.fish scales exhibit a unique balance of flexibility, strength and toughness, which is essential to provide protection without encumbering locomotion. although the mechanical behavior and structure of this natural armor are of recent interest, a comparison of these qualities from scales of different fish species has not been reported. in this investigation the armor of fish with different locomotion, size and protection needs were analyzed. scales from the arapaima gigas, the tarpon (megalops atl ...201627745845
telemetry-determined habitat use informs multi-species habitat management in an urban harbour.widespread human development has led to impairment of freshwater coastal wetlands and embayments, which provide critical and unique habitat for many freshwater fish species. this is particularly evident in the laurentian great lakes, where such habitats have been severely altered over the last century as a result of industrial activities, urbanization, dredging and infilling. in toronto harbour, extensive restoration efforts have been directed towards improving the amount and quality of aquatic ...201727744518
toxicological hazard induced by sucralose to environmentally relevant concentrations in common carp (cyprinus carpio).sucralose (suc) is an artificial sweetener that is now widely used in north american and europe; it has been detected in a wide variety of aquatic environments. it is considered safe for human consumption but its effects in the ecosystem have not yet been studied in depth, since limited ecotoxicological data are available in the peer-reviewed literature. this study aimed to evaluate potential suc-induced toxicological hazard in the blood, brain, gill, liver and muscle of cyprinus carpio using ox ...201727744200
preliminary study on the relationship between dexamethasone and pathogen susceptibility on crucian carp (carassius auratus).dexamethasone, a known immunosuppressant, can inhibit the immune response and increase the amount of pathogen in body, but the role of dexamethasone affecting susceptibility of crucian carp (carassius auratus) to pathogen is unclear. the effects of dexamethasone on susceptibility of crucian carp to aeromonas hydrophila were investigated in this study. the fish were divided into four groups randomly and injected intraperitoneally by dexamethasone for 0 day (group d), 3 days (group c), 6 days (gro ...201627744057
zebrafish stat6 negatively regulates ifnφ1 production by attenuating the kinase activity of tank-binding kinase 1.the aquatic spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) causes significant mortality in common carp (cyprinus carpio), and tbk1 plays a crucial role in the retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptor (rlr) system by phosphorylating its substrates to induce type i interferons (ifns) and cellular antiviral responses. in this study, we report that zebrafish stat6 is induced during svcv infection and reduces ifnφ1 expression by suppressing tbk1 phosphorylation. a typical ifn stimulatory response el ...201727743998
influences of exogenous melatonin on the oocyte growth and oxidative status of ovary during different reproductive phases of an annual cycle in carp catla catla.the present study aimed to evaluate antioxidant role of melatonin in determining seasonality of ovarian growth in adult carp catla catla. accordingly, an identical regimen of exogenous melatonin administration (100 μg/100 g body weight per day for 15 days) was followed during the preparatory, prespawning, and spawning phases of an annual reproductive cycle. the study did not include postspawning phase, when the ovaries were completely regressed and devoid of any healthy growing follicles. the ov ...201727743691
the roles of tissue nitrate reductase activity and myoglobin in securing nitric oxide availability in deeply hypoxic crucian carp.in mammals, treatment with low doses of nitrite has a cytoprotective effect in ischemia/reperfusion events, as a result of nitric oxide formation and s-nitrosation of proteins. interestingly, anoxia-tolerant lower vertebrates possess an intrinsic ability to increase intracellular nitrite concentration during anoxia in tissues with high myoglobin and mitochondria content, such as the heart. here, we tested the hypothesis that red and white skeletal muscles develop different nitrite levels in cruc ...201627742892
transcriptome analysis reveals that insulin is an immunomodulatory hormone in common carp.common carp (cyprinus carpio) is a widespread freshwater fish and economically important species in china and other east asian countries. recent studies suggest that insulin can alter the expression of immune genes and, thus, can be regarded as an immunomodulatory hormone. to understand the mechanism of the immune response to insulin, we performed a comparative rna-seq transcriptome analysis using livers from common carp injected with insulin (5 μg/g bodyweight) or saline as a control. after fil ...201627742590
molecular characterization, tissue distribution and expression, and potential antiviral effects of trim32 in the common carp (cyprinus carpio).tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (trim32) belongs to the tripartite motif (trim) family, which consists of a large number of proteins containing a ring (really interesting new gene) domain, one or two b-box domains, and coiled coil motif followed by different c-terminal domains. the trim family is known to be implicated in multiple cellular functions, including antiviral activity. however, it is presently unknown whether trim32 of common carp (cyprinus carpio) has the antiviral effect. in ...201627735853
aquatic nuisance species in the great lakes and mississippi river basin-a risk assessment in support of glmris.the u.s. army corps of engineers is conducting the great lakes and mississippi river interbasin study to identify the highest risk aquatic nuisance species currently established in either the mississippi river basin or the great lakes basin and prevent their movement into a new basin. the great lakes and mississippi river interbasin study focuses specifically on aquatic nuisance species movement through the chicago area waterway system, a multi-use waterway connecting the two basins. in support ...201727734087
the c-terminal dimerization motif of cyclase-associated protein is essential for actin monomer regulation.cyclase-associated protein (cap) is a conserved actin-regulatory protein that functions together with actin depolymerizing factor (adf)/cofilin to enhance actin filament dynamics. cap has multiple functional domains, and the function to regulate actin monomers is carried out by its c-terminal half containing a wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein homology 2 (wh2) domain, a cap and x-linked retinitis pigmentosa 2 (carp) domain, and a dimerization motif. wh2 and carp are implicated in binding to actin ...201627729544
geno- and cytotoxicity induced on cyprinus carpio by aluminum, iron, mercury and mixture thereof.metals such as al, fe and hg are used in diverse anthropogenic activities. their presence in water bodies is due mainly to domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater discharges and constitutes a hazard for the organisms inhabiting these environments. the present study aimed to evaluate geno- and cytotoxicity induced by al, fe, hg and the mixture of these metals on blood of the common carp cyprinus carpio. specimens were exposed to the permissible limits in water for human use and consumpti ...201727721126
podophyllum hexandrum ameliorates endosulfan-induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity in freshwater cyprinid fish crucian carp.medicinal plants continue to act as a repository for novel drug leads with novel mechanisms of action. podophyllum hexandrum royale (berberideceae) treats diverse conditions in folk medicine.201727718769
facilitated bioaccumulation of perfluorooctanesulfonate in common carp (cyprinus carpio) by graphene oxide and remission mechanism of fulvic acid.as one of the most popular carbon-based nanomaterials, graphene oxide (go) has the potential to be released in aquatic environment and interact with some coexistent organic pollutants, such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos), which is an emerging persistent organic pollutant. in this study, the adsorption of pfos on go in the presence of fulvic acid (fa), the impacts of go and fa on pfos toxicokinetics in carp (cyprinus carpio), and in vitro digestion behaviors were examined. the results indicat ...201627718559
validation of a serum neutralization test for detection of antibodies specific to cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in infected common and koi carp (cyprinus carpio).cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is the aetiological agent of a serious infective, notifiable disease affecting common carp and varieties. in survivors, infection is generally characterized by a subclinical latency phase with restricted viral replication. the cyhv-3 genome is difficult to detect in such carrier fish that represent a potential source of dissemination if viral reactivation occurs. in this study, the analytical and diagnostic performance of an alternative serum neutralization (sn) m ...201627716953
cardiac ankyrin repeat protein attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by upregulation of bcl-2 expression.cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) is a nuclear transcriptional co-factor that has additional functions in the myoplasm as a component of the muscle sarcomere. previous studies have demonstrated increased expression of carp in cardiovascular diseases, however, its role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis is unclear and controversial. in the present study, we investigated possible roles of carp in hypoxia/reoxygenation (h/r) -induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms. neonatal mouse ...201627713078
consistent individual differences in seed disperser quality in a seed-eating fish.animal-mediated seed dispersal (zoochory) is considered to be an important mechanism regulating biological processes at larger spatial scales. to date, intra-specific variation in seed disperser quality within seed-dispersing animals has not been studied. here, i employed seed feeding trials to quantify individual differences in disperser quality within the common carp (cyprinus carpio) using seeds of two aquatic plants: unbranched bur-reed (sparganium emersum, sparganiaceae) and arrowhead (sagi ...201727704241
targeted genomic enrichment and sequencing of cyhv-3 from carp tissues confirms low nucleotide diversity and mixed genotype infections.koi herpesvirus disease (khvd) is an emerging disease that causes mass mortality in koi and common carp, cyprinus carpio l. its causative agent is cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3), also known as koi herpesvirus (khv). although data on the pathogenesis of this deadly virus is relatively abundant in the literature, still little is known about its genomic diversity and about the molecular mechanisms that lead to such a high virulence. in this context, we developed a new strategy for sequencing full- ...201627703859
transfer, tissue distribution and bioaccumulation of microcystin lr in the phytoplanktivorous and carnivorous fish in anzali wetland, with potential health risks to humans.this study was conducted to determine microcystin lr concentration in the aquatic ecosystem of the anzali wetland in iran. extraction and detection of mc-lr from the water and fish samples was conducted by the spe and hplc-uv apparatus. our results showed that among toxic cyanobacteria, anabaena was the dominant genera during the study period. the results indicated that mc-lr content in water ranged from 0.18 to 3.02μg/l in dissolved fraction and undetectable level to 1.13μg/l in cellular fracti ...201727697341
dietary choline deficiency and excess induced intestinal inflammation and alteration of intestinal tight junction protein transcription potentially by modulating nf-κb, stat and p38 mapk signaling molecules in juvenile jian carp.this study investigated the effects of choline on intestinal mucosal immune and the possible mechanisms in fish by feeding juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) with graded levels of dietary choline (165-1820 mg/kg diet) for 65 days. the results firstly showed that choline deficiency induced inflammatory infiltration in the proximal intestine (pi), mid intestine (mi) and distal intestine (di) of fish. meanwhile, compared with the optimal choline group, choline deficiency decreased the a ...201627693201
antibiotic resistance and repetitive-element pcr fingerprinting in aeromonas veronii isolates.this study evaluated antibiotic resistance and the related genes in total 47 aeromonas veronii isolates from pet fish, eel (anguilla japonica) and koi (cyprinus carpio) in korea. in comparison with the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates from eel and koi, those of pet fish were more resistant to ceftiofur, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin. and isolates from pet fish showed high prevalences of class 1 integron, quinolones and tetracycline resistance determinants than those fro ...201627690177
structural and functional characterization of recombinant interleukin-10 from indian major carp labeo rohita.interleukin-10, an important regulator of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, is a multifunctional major cytokine. though it is one of the major cytokines, il-10 from the indian major carp, labeo rohita, has not yet been characterized. in the present study, we report large scale production and purification of biologically active recombinant il-10 of l. rohita (rlril-10) using a heterologous expression system and its biophysical and functional characterization. high yield (~70 mg/l) of s ...201727689097
canthaxanthin: from molecule to function.the aim of this review is to summarize the relevant literature about the use of canthaxanthin in food science and nutrition research. canthaxanthin is a red-orange carotenoid that belongs to the xanthophyll group. this naturally occurring pigment is present in bacteria, algae and some fungi. canthaxanthin is also responsible for the color of flamingo feathers, koi carp skin and crustacean shells. canthaxanthin is widely used in poultry (broiler, laying hens) as a feed additive. canthaxanthin can ...201627687695
detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the leeches hemiclepsis marginata and hirudo medicinalis.leeches have been reported to harbor several important fish pathogens, including spring viremia of carp virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), and also may contain blood protozoa. in the present study, leeches were collected from water bodies located in kurdistan province, iran. the specimens were tested for ihnv, vhsv, and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) using the pcr method. the results showed that two different species ...201627687675
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