Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| feeding behavior modulates biofilm-mediated transmission of yersinia pestis by the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis. | the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, is prevalent worldwide, will parasitize animal reservoirs of plague, and is associated with human habitations in known plague foci. despite its pervasiveness, limited information is available about the cat flea's competence as a vector for yersinia pestis. it is generally considered to be a poor vector, based on studies examining early-phase transmission during the first week after infection, but transmission potential by the biofilm-dependent proventricular- ... | 2016 | 26829486 |
| detection of rickettsia species in fleas collected from cats in regions endemic and nonendemic for flea-borne rickettsioses in california. | rickettsia typhi, transmitted by rat fleas, causes most human flea-borne rickettsioses worldwide. another rickettsia, rickettsia felis, found in cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, has also been implicated as a potential human pathogen. in the continental united states, human cases of flea-borne rickettsioses are reported primarily from the southern regions of texas and california where the cat flea is considered the principal vector. in california, more than 90% of locally acquired human cases ar ... | 2016 | 26824189 |
| detection of bartonella tamiae, coxiella burnetii and rickettsiae in arthropods and tissues from wild and domestic animals in northeastern algeria. | in recent years, the scope and importance of emergent vector-borne diseases has increased dramatically. in algeria, only limited information is currently available concerning the presence and prevalence of these zoonotic diseases. for this reason, we conducted a survey of hematophagous ectoparasites of domestic mammals and/or spleens of wild animals in el tarf and souk ahras, algeria. | 2016 | 26791781 |
| molecular evidence of different rickettsia species in villeta, colombia. | the aim of this work was to detect and identify rickettsia species in ticks collected in rural areas of villeta, colombia. tick specimens were collected from domestic animals and walls of houses in five rural villages of villeta town and from humans in naranjal village (same town). moreover, a flea collected from the same area was also processed. dna was extracted and tested by conventional, semi-nested, and nested pcr reactions targeting rickettsial genes. in the ticks collected from humans fro ... | 2016 | 26789730 |
| characterization of the general stress response in bartonella henselae. | bacteria utilize a general stress response system to combat stresses from their surrounding environments. in alpha-proteobacteria, the general stress response uses an alternate sigma factor as the main regulator and incorporates it with a two-component system into a unique regulatory circuit. this system has been described in several alpha-proteobacterial species, including the pathogens bartonella quintana and brucella abortus. most of the studies have focused on characterizing the phyr anti-an ... | 2016 | 26724735 |
| rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsia felis infection in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and ctenocephalides felis fleas co-existing in a small city in yucatan, mexico. | 2015 | 26611982 | |
| coexistence of bartonella henselae and b. clarridgeiae in populations of cats and their fleas in guatemala. | cats and their fleas collected in guatemala were investigated for the presence of bartonella infections. bartonella bacteria were cultured from 8.2% (13/159) of cats, and all cultures were identified as b. henselae. molecular analysis allowed detection of bartonella dna in 33.8% (48/142) of cats and in 22.4% (34/152) of cat fleas using glta, nuog, and 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer targets. two bartonella species, b. henselae and b. clarridgeiae, were identified in cats and cat fleas by mol ... | 2015 | 26611968 |
| bartonella henselae infection caused by cat flea bite. | 2015 | 26564808 | |
| detecting burrowing owl bloodmeals in pulex irritans (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | pulex irritans l. is a cosmopolitan flea species that infests a wide variety of hosts. in north america it generally parasitizes large wild mammals, but in the pacific northwest an association has emerged between p. irritans and the western burrowing owl (athene cunicularia hypugaea). while investigators have recognized this association for decades, it has not been clear if p. irritans feeds on burrowing owls, or if the owls serve exclusively as phoretic hosts. here we describe using a real-time ... | 2016 | 26545716 |
| evaluation of the bacterial microbiome of two flea species using different dna-isolation techniques provides insights into flea host ecology. | fleas (siphonaptera) are ubiquitous blood-sucking pests of animals worldwide and are vectors of zoonotic bacteria such as rickettsia and bartonella. we performed ion torrent pgm amplicon sequencing for the bacterial 16s rrna gene to compare the microbiome of the ubiquitous cat flea (ctenocephalides f. felis) and the host-specific echidna stickfast flea (echidnophaga a. ambulans) and evaluated potential bias produced during common genomic dna-isolation methods. we demonstrated significant differe ... | 2015 | 26542076 |
| discovery of an orally bioavailable isoxazoline benzoxaborole (an8030) as a long acting animal ectoparasiticide. | a novel series of isoxazoline benzoxaborole small molecules was designed and synthesized for a structure-activity relationship (sar) investigation to assess the ectoparasiticide activity against ticks and fleas. the study identified an orally bioavailable molecule, (s)-3,3-dimethyl-5-(5-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3h)-ol (38, an8030), which was long lasting in dogs (t1/2=22 days). compound 38 demonstrated 97.6% therapeutic effectiv ... | 2015 | 26508546 |
| cofeeding intra- and interspecific transmission of an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen. | cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) are known as the primary vector and reservoir of rickettsia felis, the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever; however, field surveys regularly report molecular detection of this infectious agent from other blood-feeding arthropods. the presence of r. felis in additional arthropods may be the result of chance consumption of an infectious bloodmeal, but isolation of viable rickettsiae circulating in the blood of suspected vertebrate reservoirs has not been d ... | 0 | 26414611 |
| molecular detection of bartonella species in fleas collected from dogs and cats from costa rica. | the bacterial genus bartonella includes several species with zoonotic potential, some of which are common in domestic dogs and cats, as well as in their fleas. because there is no previous information about the presence of bartonella species in fleas from central america, this study aimed at evaluating the presence of bartonella spp. in fleas collected from dogs and cats in costa rica. a total 72 pools of ctenocephalides felis and 21 pools of pulex simulans were screened by conventional pcr to d ... | 2015 | 26393956 |
| evaluation of spinosad for the oral treatment and control of flea infestations on cats in europe. | an ectoparasiticide containing spinosad was evaluated as an oral formulation for cats. two european laboratory studies and a european multicentre field efficacy and safety study assessed the use of a chewable tablet formulation of spinosad at a dose range of 50-75 mg/kg for treatment and control of flea infestations on cats. | 2014 | 26392879 |
| dynamics of ctenocephalides felis felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) infestations on urban dogs in southeastern brazil. | the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché, 1835), is an important ectoparasite of dogs and cats throughout the world, causing annoyance to the animals and acting as a vector of infections and a cause of allergic dermatitis in dogs and cats. although climatic variability and seasonality are known to influence the diversity and abundance of fleas, few investigations of seasonal prevalence of cat flea infestation have involved the same group of dogs being examined regularly over an extended ... | 2015 | 26336211 |
| urban stray cats infested by ectoparasites with zoonotic potential in greece. | a large population of stray cats is encountered in many urban areas sharing the same environment with people, usually being in a close direct contact with them. a variety of ectoparasites can infest such cats, causing mild dermatological abnormalities to more severe systemic disorders. in order to determine the extent of which stray cats carry ectoparasites, particularly those of zoonotic potential, 341 stray cats originating from the urban area of thessaloniki, greece, were examined between 201 ... | 2015 | 26319525 |
| development of advantus(imidacloprid) soft chewable tablets for the treatment of ctenocephalides felis infestations on dogs. | studies reported here were conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of advantus (imidacloprid) soft chewable tablets for the treatment of flea (ctenocephalides felis) infestations on dogs and puppies 10 weeks of age or older and weighing 4 pounds or greater. | 2015 | 26238246 |
| erratum to: efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto) administered to dogs against the adult cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production. | 2015 | 26231848 | |
| flea (ctenocephalides felis) control efficacy of topical indoxacarb on dogs subsequently bathed with a chlorhexidine-ketoconazole shampoo. | an evaluation of the effect of chlorhexidine/ketoconazole shampoo baths on the flea control efficacy of indoxacarb applied topically to dogs. | 2015 | 26220323 |
| identification of genes associated with blood feeding in the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis. | the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) is a blood-feeding ectoparasitic insect and particular nuisance pest of companion animals worldwide. identification of genes that are differentially expressed in response to feeding is important for understanding flea biology and discovering targets for their control. | 2015 | 26168790 |
| efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto) administered to dogs against the adult cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production. | fluralaner is a potent insecticide and acaricide with rapid and persistent efficacy. this study measured the efficacy of fluralaner flavored chews (bravecto®, merck animal health) administered to dogs against adult ctenocephalides felis felis and egg production. | 2015 | 26160349 |
| susceptibility of adult cat fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae) to insecticides and status of insecticide resistance mutations at the rdl and knockdown resistance loci. | the susceptibility of 12 field-collected isolates and 4 laboratory strains of cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis was determined by topical application of some of the insecticides used as on-animal therapies to control them. in the tested field-collected flea isolates the ld50 values for fipronil and imidacloprid ranged from 0.09 to 0.35 ng/flea and 0.02 to 0.19 ng/flea, respectively, and were consistent with baseline figures published previously. the extent of variation in response to four pyrethr ... | 2015 | 26152407 |
| relationship between the presence of bartonella species and bacterial loads in cats and cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) under natural conditions. | cats are considered the main reservoir of three zoonotic bartonella species: bartonella henselae, bartonella clarridgeiae, and bartonella koehlerae. cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) have been experimentally demonstrated to be a competent vector of b. henselae and have been proposed as the potential vector of the two other bartonella species. previous studies have reported a lack of association between the bartonella species infection status (infected or uninfected) and/or bacteremia levels of c ... | 2015 | 26070666 |
| detection of flea-borne rickettsia species in the western himalayan region of india. | human infections by various rickettsial species are frequently reported globally. we investigated a flea-borne rickettsial outbreak infecting 300 people in western himalayan region of india. arthropod vectors (ticks and fleas) and animal and human blood samples from affected households were analysed by glta and ompb genes based polymerase chain reaction (pcr). rat flea (ceratophyllus fasciatus) samples were found harbouring a rickettsia sp. phylogenetic analysis based on glta gene using phylip r ... | 2015 | 26068348 |
| bartonella henselae in eastern poland: the relationship between tick infection rates and the serological response of individuals occupationally exposed to tick bites. | to explore the potential role of ixodes ricinus as the presumed vector of bartonella henselae in eastern poland, ticks collected in various geographic locations were examined for the presence of b. henselae, and the results were matched against the prevalence of anti-b. henselae antibodies in individuals occupationally exposed to tick bites. the presence of bartonella dna was investigated by pcr in a total of 1,603 unfed ixodes ricinus ticks. the presence of igg antibodies against b. henselae wa ... | 2015 | 26047187 |
| evaluation of afoxolaner chewables to control flea populations in naturally infested dogs in private residences in tampa fl, usa. | a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of afoxolaner chewables to control flea populations in naturally infested dogs in private residences in tampa fl, usa. evaluations of on-animal and premises flea burdens, flea sex structure and fed-unfed premises flea populations were conducted to more accurately assess flea population dynamics in households. | 2015 | 26003175 |
| onset of efficacy and residual speed of kill over one month of a topical dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen combination (vectra ® 3d) against the adult cat flea (ctenocephalides felis felis) on dogs. | this study was designed to assess the onset of therapeutic and residual insecticidal efficacy of a topical ectoparasiticide (vectra(®)3d, dpp) on dogs over one month against the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis. adult dogs (n=32, 11.0-18.7 kg) were infested with 100 adult fleas on days -6, -2, 7, 14, 21 and 28. based on flea retention, the dogs were allocated in two groups and were treated topically on day 0 with a control solution (cs) or dpp. each group was divided in two subgroups in whi ... | 2015 | 25997647 |
| rickettsia typhi in rodents and r. felis in fleas in yucatán as a possible causal agent of undefined febrile cases. | rickettsia typhi is the causal agent of murine typhus; a worldwide zoonotic and vector-borne infectious disease, commonly associated with the presence of domestic and wild rodents. human cases of murine typhus in the state of yucatán are frequent. however, there is no evidence of the presence of rickettsia typhi in mammals or vectors in yucatán. the presence of rickettsia in rodents and their ectoparasites was evaluated in a small municipality of yucatán using the conventional polymerase chain r ... | 0 | 25923891 |
| integrated morphological and molecular identification of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and dog fleas (ctenocephalides canis) vectoring rickettsia felis in central europe. | fleas of the genus ctenocephalides are the most common ectoparasites infesting dogs and cats world-wide. the species ctenocephalides felis and ctenocephalides canis are competent vectors for zoonotic pathogens such as rickettsia felis and bartonella spp. improved knowledge on the diversity and phylogenetics of fleas is important for understanding flea-borne pathogen transmission cycles. fleas infesting privately owned dogs and cats from the czech republic (n=97) and romania (n=66) were subjected ... | 2015 | 25899079 |
| isolation of candidatus rickettsia asemboensis from ctenocephalides fleas. | candidatus rickettsia asemboensis was identified molecularly in fleas collected in 2009 from asembo, kenya. multilocus sequence typing using the 17-kd antigen gene, rrs, glta, ompa, ompb, and sca4 demonstrated that candidatus r. asemboensis is closely related to rickettsia felis but distinct enough to be considered for separate species classification. following this molecular characterization of candidatus r. asemboensis, the in vitro cultivation of this bacterium was then performed. we used cte ... | 2015 | 25897814 |
| evidence for a specific host-endosymbiont relationship between 'rickettsia sp. genotype rf2125' and ctenocephalides felis orientis infesting dogs in india. | fleas of the genus ctenocephalides serve as vectors for a number of rickettsial zoonoses, including rickettsia felis. there are currently no published reports of the presence and distribution of r. felis in india, however, the ubiquitous distribution of its vector ctenocephalides felis, makes it possible that the pathogen is endemic to the region. this study investigates the occurrence of rickettsia spp. infection in various subspecies of c. felis infesting dogs from urban areas of mumbai, delhi ... | 2015 | 25884425 |
| expellency, anti-feeding and speed of kill of a dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen spot-on (vectra®3d) in dogs weekly challenged with adult fleas (ctenocephalides felis) for 1 month-comparison to a spinosad tablet (comfortis®). | this study was designed to compare the efficacy of two ectoparasiticides against adult fleas on dogs: a topical (dpp, dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen) and a systemic (s, spinosad). dogs (n = 48; 10.21-22.86 kg bw) were allocated to six groups of eight dogs each (c1, c4, dpp1, dpp4, s1, s4). dogs in the treated groups were administered a topical (3.6 ml of dpp) or a tablet (665 or 1040 mg of s) on day 0. infestations with 100 unfed fleas (ctenocephalides felis) occurred on days -6, -1, 2, 7, ... | 2015 | 25869961 |
| molecular detection of zoonotic bartonellae (b. henselae, b. elizabethae and b. rochalimae) in fleas collected from dogs in israel. | fleas represent an acknowledged burden on dogs worldwide. the characterization of flea species infesting kennel dogs from two localities in israel (rehovot and jerusalem) and their molecular screening for bartonella species (rhizobiales: bartonellaceae) was investigated. a total of 355 fleas were collected from 107 dogs. the fleas were morphologically classified and molecularly screened targeting the bartonella 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer (its). of the 107 dogs examined, 80 (74.8%) were ... | 2015 | 25865162 |
| candidatus 'rickettsia senegalensis' in cat fleas in senegal. | epidemiological studies of rickettsia felis and related bacteria are very important, because the natural cycle of this important infection has not yet been established. the recent emergence of r. felis-associated febrile diseases in west and east africa demands insightful epidemiological studies of the vectors and reservoirs of this bacterium in africa. twenty-nine cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, were tested for the presence of rickettsiae, including r. felis, bartonellae, and borreliae, with ... | 2014 | 25755888 |
| efficacy of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin against ctenocephalides felis flea infestation in dogs. | five studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a new combination of fipronil and permethrin on cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, when applied to dogs, including dogs that underwent water exposure or shampooing. | 2015 | 25630582 |
| responses of artificially reared cat fleas ctenocephalides felis felis (bouché, 1835) to different mammalian bloods. | the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis (bouche, 1835) (siphonaptera: pulicidae), which is found worldwide and which parasitizes many species of wild and domestic animal, is a vector and/or reservoir of bacteria, protozoa and helminths. to aid in the study of the physiology and behaviour of fleas and of their transmission of pathogens, it would be of value to improve the laboratory rearing of pathogen-free fleas. the conditions under which artificially reared fleas at the university of bristol ... | 2015 | 25604709 |
| the efficacy of a selamectin (stronghold ®) spot on treatment in the prevention of bartonella henselae transmission by ctenocephalides felis in cats, using a new high-challenge model. | bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease in humans, which is recognized as an emerging zoonotic disease. ctenocephalides felis is the main vector, and transmission of b. henselae infection between cats and humans occurs mainly through infected flea feces. control of feline infestation with this arthropod vector therefore provides an important strategy for the prevention of infection of both humans and cats. in the present study, a new challenge model is used to evaluate ... | 2015 | 25582566 |
| comparative speed of efficacy against ctenocephalides felis of two oral treatments for dogs containing either afoxolaner or fluralaner. | a study was designed to compare the efficacy of nexgard(®) and bravecto™, 2 recently introduced oral ectoparasiticides containing isoxazolines, against fleas (ctenocephalides felis) on dogs. twenty-four healthy dogs, weighing 9.2 kg to 28.6 kg, were included in this parallel group design, randomized, and controlled efficacy study. on day -1, the 24 dogs were allocated to 3 study groups: untreated control; nexgard(®) treated and bravecto™ treated. the treatments were administered on days 0, 28 an ... | 2015 | 25564276 |
| rickettsial diseases and ectoparasites from military bases in japan. | ectoparasitic arthropods are often vectors of rickettsiosis. we conducted a survey of ectoparasites on u.s. military facilities throughout japan with the use of specimens submitted by pest control, public health, and veterinary personnel. over 1,600 individual ectoparasites were collected. fifteen species were identified, including several significant vectors of human diseases such as scrub typhus and rickettsial spotted fevers. these ectoparasites included ctenocephalides felis , haemaphysalis ... | 2015 | 25548900 |
| five-month comparative efficacy evaluation of three ectoparasiticides against adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), flea egg hatch and emergence, and adult brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) on dogs housed outdoors. | this study was designed to compare the efficacy of three topical combinations on dogs in outdoor conditions against adult cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), flea egg hatch and emergence, and against adult brown dog ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato). treatment was performed on day 0 with a placebo; dinotefuran, pyriproxifen and permethrin (dpp); fipronil and (s)-methoprene (fm) or imidacloprid and permethrin (ip). dogs (n = 32), housed outdoors for 7 months, were treated monthly for fou ... | 2014 | 25547077 |
| first report of rickettsia felis in china. | rickettsia felis is a recently described flea-borne spotted fever group rickettsia that is an emerging human pathogen. although there is information on the organism from around the world, there is no information on the organism in china. | 2014 | 25510419 |
| dermatitis caused by ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) in human. | human infestation to ectoparasites such as ticks, lice, cimex, fleas, mites and others agents may result in intensive allergic reaction with symptoms of itching, skin infection and severe irritation. in this case report, we present a case of dermatitis caused by cat flea. | 2014 | 25489439 |
| genomic diversification in strains of rickettsia felis isolated from different arthropods. | rickettsia felis (alphaproteobacteria: rickettsiales) is the causative agent of an emerging flea-borne rickettsiosis with worldwide occurrence. originally described from the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, recent reports have identified r. felis from other flea species, as well as other insects and ticks. this diverse host range for r. felis may indicate an underlying genetic variability associated with host-specific strains. accordingly, to determine a potential genetic basis for host speciali ... | 2014 | 25477419 |
| onset of activity of fluralaner (bravecto™) against ctenocephalides felis on dogs. | fluralaner (bravecto™) is a novel systemic insecticide and acaricide that provides long persistent antiparasitic activity following a single administration at the minimum dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. | 2014 | 25471474 |
| bartonella species in fleas from palestinian territories: prevalence and genetic diversity. | bartonellosis is an infectious bacterial disease. the prevalence and genetic characteristics of bartonella spp. in fleas of wild and domestic animals from palestinian territories are described. flea samples (n=289) were collected from 121 cats, 135 dogs, 26 hyraxes and seven rats from northern (n=165), central (n=113), and southern palestinian territories (n=11). the prevalent flea species were: ctenocephalides felis (n=119/289; 41.2%), ctenocephalides canis (n=159/289; 55%), and xenopsylla sp. ... | 2014 | 25424254 |
| detection of rickettsia felis, rickettsia typhi, bartonella species and yersinia pestis in fleas (siphonaptera) from africa. | little is known about the presence/absence and prevalence of rickettsia spp, bartonella spp. and yersinia pestis in domestic and urban flea populations in tropical and subtropical african countries. | 2014 | 25299702 |
| 'candidatus rickettsia asemboensis' and wolbachia spp. in ctenocephalides felis and pulex irritans fleas removed from dogs in ecuador. | flea-borne infections are distributed worldwide. up to date there are no reports about microorganisms associated to fleas in ecuador. | 2014 | 25266919 |
| a molecular survey of rickettsia felis in fleas from cats and dogs in sicily (southern italy). | rickettsia felis, the agent of flea-borne spotted fever, has a cosmopolitan distribution. its pathogenic role in humans has been demonstrated through molecular and serologic tests in several cases. the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) is considered the main reservoir and the biological vector. the aim of this study was to assess the presence and occurrence of r. felis in fleas collected from dogs and cats in various sites of palermo (sicily). between august and october 2012, 134 fleas were colle ... | 2014 | 25203839 |
| presence of coxiella burnetii in fleas in cyprus. | over 40 tick species are naturally infected by coxiella burnetii. however, little is known about the presence of c. burnetii in other ectoparasites such as fleas. during a 6-year (2000-2006) study, 1147 fleas were collected from 652 animals (252 rats, 118 foxes, and 282 hares) captured from different areas of cyprus. three flea species-xenopsylla cheopis, ctenocephalides felis, and c. canis-were identified. fleas were pooled (153 pools) and tested by pcr for the presence of c. burnetii. the path ... | 2014 | 25198524 |
| extreme human annoyance caused by ctenocephalides felis felis (cat flea). | the authors report a case of human dermal complications by ctenocephalides felis felis (cat flea) in a 28 years old woman who dwell in rural area in mazandaran province, iran. furthermore, in the current report clinical manifestations, etiology and different aspects of infestation were discussed elaborately. and the importance of controlling fleas was highlighted as well. | 2014 | 25182561 |
| identification of rickettsiae from wild rats and cat fleas in malaysia. | rickettsioses are emerging zoonotic diseases reported worldwide. in spite of the serological evidence of spotted fever group rickettsioses in febrile patients in malaysia, limited studies have been conducted to identify the animal reservoirs and vectors of rickettsioses. this study investigated the presence of rickettsiae in the tissue homogenates of 95 wild rats and 589 animal ectoparasites. using pcr assays targeting the citrate synthase gene (glta), rickettsial dna was detected in the tissue ... | 2014 | 25171613 |
| afoxolaner against fleas: immediate efficacy and resultant mortality after short exposure on dogs. | the speed of efficacy of afoxolaner (nexgard) against ctenocephalides felis fleas was evaluated in two studies. study a assessed the efficacy against existing fleas whereas study b assessed the efficacy against new infesting fleas. in study a, 12 dogs were allocated to the untreated group and 20 dogs to the treated group. all dogs were infested by 100 fleas each at day -1, treated at day 0 and flea combed at 2 h or at 6 h post treatment. in study b, 6 dogs were allocated to the untreated group a ... | 2014 | 25148564 |
| the role of cats in the eco-epidemiology of spotted fever group diseases. | mediterranean spotted fever (msf), whose etiological agent is r. conorii, is one of the oldest described vector-borne infectious diseases. although it is endemic in the mediterranean area, clinical cases have also been reported in other regions. r. massiliae-bar29 is related to msf cases. this strain is distributed worldwide. r. conorii and r. massiliae-bar29 are transmitted by ticks. dogs are considered the sentinel of r. conorii infection. cats could also be involved in their transmission. ric ... | 2014 | 25084969 |
| development of acanthocheilonema reconditum (spirurida, onchocercidae) in the cat flea ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera, pulicidae). | to investigate larval development of acanthocheilonema reconditum in the cat flea ctenocephalides felis, fleas were fed through an artificial feeding system with dog blood containing different concentrations of microfilariae (i.e. low, group l = 250; medium, group m = 500; high, group h = 1500 microfilariae per ml) or no microfilariae (group c). fleas were sampled at 12 different time-points throughout the study period (d1-d28) and a. reconditum was detected by dissection, pcr and histology. of ... | 2014 | 25068432 |
| characterisation of ecto- and endoparasites in domestic cats from tirana, albania. | during 2008 to 2011, faecal samples, ear swabs, and ectoparasites obtained by full body search and total body comb were collected from 252 cats originating from the greater tirana area. faecal samples were examined using the mcmaster and baermann techniques, and a subset of 58 samples was tested for giardia-specific antigen using a coproantigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the ear swabs were examined for the presence of parasitic mites. overall, almost 93% of the cats were identifi ... | 2014 | 24994454 |
| occurrence of dipylidium caninum in fleas from client-owned cats and dogs in europe using a new pcr detection assay. | ctenocephalides fleas are not only the most prevalent ectoparasites of dogs and cats but also the intermediate host of the cestode dipylidium caninum. due to the poor sensitivity of coproscopy to diagnose cat and dog infestation by dipylidium, few epidemiological data are available on its prevalence among pet populations. a new pcr method was developed to specifically identify d. caninum rdna inside single fleas. the pcr test was then applied to 5529 fleas of ctenocephalides genus, 2701 ctenocep ... | 2014 | 24986432 |
| fluralaner, a novel isoxazoline, prevents flea (ctenocephalides felis) reproduction in vitro and in a simulated home environment. | fluralaner, a novel isoxazoline, has both acaricidal and insecticidal activity through potent blockage of gaba- and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels. this study investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of fluralaner exposure on flea (ctenocephalides felis) reproduction. | 2014 | 24946811 |
| susceptibility of cat fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae) to fipronil and imidacloprid using adult and larval bioassays. | the monitoring of the susceptibility offleas to insecticides has typically been conducted by exposing adults on treated surfaces. other methods such as topical applications of insecticides to adults and larval bioassays on treated rearing media have been developed. unfortunately, baseline responses of susceptible strains of cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (bouchè), except for imidacloprid, have not been determined for all on-animal therapies and new classes of chemistry now being used. however, ... | 2014 | 24897856 |
| absence of antibodies to rickettsia spp., bartonella spp., ehrlichia spp. and coxiella burnetii in tahiti, french polynesia. | in the pacific islands countries and territories, very little is known about the incidence of infectious diseases due to zoonotic pathogens. to our knowledge, human infections due to rickettsia spp., coxiella burnetii, ehrlichia spp. and bartonella spp. have never been reported in french polynesia; and infections due to c. burnetti have been reported worldwide except in new zealand. to evaluate the prevalence of this disease, we conducted a serosurvey among french polynesian blood donors. | 2014 | 24885466 |
| identification of flea species using maldi-tof/ms. | in the present study, a molecular proteomics (maldi-tof/ms) approach was used as a tool for identifying flea vectors. we measured the ms spectra from 38 flea specimens of 5 species including ctenocephalides felis, ctenocephalides canis, archaeopsylla erinacei, xenopsylla cheopis and stenoponia tripectinata. a blind test performed with 24 specimens from species included in a library spectral database confirmed that maldi-tof/ms is an effective tool for discriminating flea species. although fresh ... | 2014 | 24878069 |
| rickettsia felis in ctenocephalides felis felis from five geographic regions of brazil. | this study evaluated rickettsial infection in 701 ctenocephalides felis felis fleas that were collected from dogs and cats in 31 municipalities, encompassing all regions and major biomes of brazil. a total of 268 (38.2%) fleas from 30 municipalities were polymerase chain reaction (pcr) positive for the rickettsial glta gene. the pcr products from 44 fleas, consisting of at least 1 pcr-positive flea from each of 30 municipalities, generated dna sequences identical to rickettsia felis. rickettsial ... | 2014 | 24778194 |
| efficacy of a novel topical combination of fipronil, (s)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel against adult and immature stages of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) on cats. | the efficacy of a novel topical combination of fipronil 8.3% (w/v), (s)-methoprene 10% (w/v), eprinomectin 0.4% (w/v) and praziquantel 8.3% (w/v) (broadline(®)) was tested against adult and immature stages of ctenocephalides felis fleas in six studies. for that purpose, fleas from different colonies from north america, germany and south africa were used to induce infestations in cats under laboratory conditions. in each study, between 12 and 16 cats were allocated randomly to 2 groups. cats in g ... | 2014 | 24703078 |
| assessment of the onset of action of afoxolaner against existing adult flea (ctenocephalides felis) infestations on dogs. | the speed of kill of afoxolaner against experimental infestations by ctenocephalides felis was evaluated after oral administration of afoxolaner in a soft chew (nexgard(®)) at a dose to achieve 2.5mg/kg bodyweight. forty beagles were allocated to two treatment groups. dogs in treatment group 1 were untreated controls. dogs in treatment group 2 were treated on day-0 with afoxolaner, according to their pre-treatment bodyweight. all dogs were infested with approximately 100 c. felis on day-1. live ... | 2014 | 24685322 |
| the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of afoxolaner used as a monthly chewable antiparasitic for dogs. | the pharmacokinetics of afoxolaner in dogs was evaluated following either intravenous or after oral administration of nexgard(®), a soft chewable formulation. afoxolaner is a member of one of the newest classes of antiparasitic agents, known as antiparasitic isoxazolines. the soft chewable formulation underwent rapid dissolution, and afoxolaner was absorbed quickly following oral administration of the minimum effective dose of 2.5mg/kg, with maximum plasma concentrations (cmax) of 1,655 ± 332 ng ... | 2014 | 24685320 |
| [probable case of flea-borne spotted fever (rickettsia felis)]. | rickettsia felis is the etiologic agent of flea-borne spotted fever, with ctenocephalides felis as its main vector and reservoir. typically, the disease presents as acute fever associated with headache, asthenia, generalized maculo-papular rash, and in some cases, an inoculation eschar. in recent years, r. felis has acquired an important role in the etiology of the acute febrile syndrome; it is indeed an emerging infectious disease, albeit underdiagnosed. indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) ... | 2013 | 24652244 |
| discovery and mode of action of afoxolaner, a new isoxazoline parasiticide for dogs. | afoxolaner is an isoxazoline compound characterized by a good safety profile and extended effectiveness against fleas and ticks on dogs following a single oral administration. in vitro membrane feeding assay data and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in dogs established an afoxolaner blood concentration of 0.1-0.2 μg/ml to be effective against both fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (dermacentor variabilis). pharmacokinetic profiles in dogs following a 2.5mg/kg oral dosage demonstrated unifor ... | 2014 | 24631502 |
| evaluation of the curative and preventive efficacy of a single oral administration of afoxolaner against cat flea ctenocephalides felis infestations on dogs. | the efficacy of orally administered afoxolaner for treatment and prevention of repeated infestations with adult ctenocephalides felis on dogs was evaluated in two studies after administration of a beef-flavored soft chew. in each study, 32 dogs were divided randomly into four equal groups. dogs in groups 1 and 3 were not treated and served as controls. dogs in groups 2 and 4 were treated on day 0 with a combination of chewable tablets to be as close as possible to the minimum therapeutic dose of ... | 2014 | 24629423 |
| a molecular survey of anaplasma spp., rickettsia spp., ehrlichia canis and babesia microti in foxes and fleas from sicily. | fleas (insecta: siphonaptera) are obligate bloodsucking insects, which parasitize birds and mammals, and are distributed throughout the world. several species have been implicated in pathogen transmission. this study aimed to monitor red foxes and the fleas isolated from them in the palermo and ragusa provinces of sicily, italy, as these organisms are potential reservoirs and vectors of pathogens. thirteen foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 110 fleas were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to de ... | 2013 | 24589112 |
| high phylogenetic diversity of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) at two mitochondrial dna markers. | the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) (bouché), is the most common flea species found on cats and dogs worldwide. we investigated the genetic identity of the cosmopolitan subspecies c. felis felis and evaluated diversity of cat fleas from australia, fiji, thailand and seychelles using mtdna sequences from cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (cox1) and ii (cox2) genes. both cox1 and cox2 confirmed the high phylogenetic diversity and paraphyletic origin of c. felis felis. the af ... | 2014 | 24548270 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia felis and bartonella henselae in dog and cat fleas in central oromia, ethiopia. | fleas are important vectors of several rickettsia and bartonella spp. that cause emerging zoonotic diseases worldwide. in this study, 303 fleas collected from domestic dogs and cats in ethiopia and identified morphologically as ctenocephalides felis felis, c. canis, pulex irritans, and echidnophaga gallinacea were tested for rickettsia and bartonella dna by using molecular methods. rickettsia felis was detected in 21% of fleas, primarily c. felis, with a similar prevalence in fleas from dogs and ... | 2014 | 24445204 |
| acquisition and excretion of bartonella quintana by the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis felis. | bartonella quintana is transmitted by the infected faeces of body lice. recently, this bacterium was detected in cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) and in two humans with chronic adenopathy whose only risk factor was contact with cat fleas. in this study, a total of 960 c. felis were divided into 12 groups (2 control groups and 10 infected groups) each containing 80 fleas. the fleas were fed b. quintana-inoculated human blood at different dilutions (≈3.6 × 10(4) - 8.4 × 10(9) bacteria) for 4 days ... | 2014 | 24400877 |
| yfba, a yersinia pestis regulator required for colonization and biofilm formation in the gut of cat fleas. | for transmission to new hosts, yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, replicates as biofilm in the foregut of fleas that feed on plague-infected animals or humans. y. pestis biofilm formation has been studied in the rat flea; however, little is known about the cat flea, a species that may bridge zoonotic and anthroponotic plague cycles. here, we show that y. pestis infects and replicates as a biofilm in the foregut of cat fleas in a manner requiring hmsfr, two determinants for extracell ... | 2014 | 24391055 |
| the novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide fluralaner: selective inhibition of arthropod γ-aminobutyric acid- and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels and insecticidal/acaricidal activity. | isoxazolines are a novel class of parasiticides that are potent inhibitors of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-gated chloride channels (gabacls) and l-glutamate-gated chloride channels (glucls). in this study, the effects of the isoxazoline drug fluralaner on insect and acarid gabacl (rdl) and glucl and its parasiticidal potency were investigated. we report the identification and cdna cloning of rhipicephalus (r.) microplus rdl and glucl genes, and their functional expression in xenopus laevis oocytes ... | 2014 | 24365472 |
| direct transmission of the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) between cats exhibiting social behaviour. | a study design was created to assess the potential for fleas to infest cats directly from other cats. in the first experiment, six cats were infested with 100 fleas each and then immediately put in contact with six flea-free cats for 24 h. after removal of all fleas the study was repeated and the contact between cats lasted 48 h. the total numbers of fleas recovered out of the 600 fleas deposited on the 6 donor cats after each infestation were 499 and 486 at 24 h and 48 h respectively. at 1 h po ... | 2013 | 24309021 |
| flea species infesting dogs in florida and bartonella spp. prevalence rates. | several bartonella spp. associated with fleas can induce a variety of clinical syndromes in both dogs and humans. however, few studies have investigated the prevalence of bartonella in the blood of dogs and their fleas. the objectives of this study were to determine the genera of fleas infesting shelter dogs in florida, the prevalence of bartonella spp. within the fleas, and the prevalence of bartonella spp. within the blood of healthy dogs from which the fleas were collected. fleas, serum, and ... | 2014 | 24268654 |
| detection of rickettsia in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and ctenocephalides felis fleas from southeastern tunisia by reverse line blot assay. | ticks (n = 663) and fleas (n = 470) collected from domestic animals from southeastern tunisia were screened for rickettsia infection using reverse line blot assay. evidence of spotted fever group rickettsia was obtained. we detected rickettsia felis in fleas, rickettsia massiliae bar 29 and the rickettsia conorii israeli spotted fever strain in ticks, and rickettsia conorii subsp. conorii and rickettsia spp. in both arthropods. the sensitivity of the adopted technique allowed the identification ... | 2013 | 24226919 |
| ectoparasites in urban stray cats in jerusalem, israel: differences in infestation patterns of fleas, ticks and permanent ectoparasites. | in a period cross-sectional study performed to examine ectoparasites on 340 stray cats in jerusalem, israel, 186 (54.7%) were infested with the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae), 49 (14.4%) with the cat louse, felicola subrostratus (phthiraptera: trichodectidae), 41 (12.0%) with the ear mite, otodectes cynotis (astigmata: psoroptidae), three (0.9%) with the fur mite, cheyletiella blakei (trobidiformes: cheyletidae), two (0.6%) with the itch mite notoedres cati (astigmata: ... | 2014 | 24191942 |
| 0.4% dimeticone spray, a novel physically acting household treatment for control of cat fleas. | the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, is the most important ectoparasite of cats and dogs worldwide as a cause of irritation and health problems. most products to control these pests in the household environment rely upon a combination of neurotoxic insecticides and insect growth regulators to inhibit development of flea eggs and larvae into adults. however, some of these are affected by problems of insecticide resistance as well as public concerns about their potential for toxicity in domestic u ... | 2014 | 24169258 |
| rickettsia felis, an emerging flea-transmitted human pathogen. | rickettsia felis was first recognised two decades ago and has now been described as endemic to all continents except antarctica. the rickettsiosis caused by r. felis is known as flea-borne spotted fever or cat-flea typhus. the large number of arthropod species found to harbour r. felis and that may act as potential vectors support the view that it is a pan-global microbe. the main arthropod reservoir and vector is the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, yet more than 20 other species of fleas, tick ... | 2011 | 24149035 |
| assessment of persistence of bartonella henselae in ctenocephalides felis. | bartonella henselae (rhizobiales: bartonellaceae) is a gram-negative fastidious bacterium of veterinary and zoonotic importance. the cat flea ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae) is the main recognized vector of b. henselae, and transmission among cats and humans occurs mainly through infected flea feces. the present study documents the use of a quantitative molecular approach to follow the daily kinetics of b. henselae within the cat flea and its excreted feces after exposure to infe ... | 2013 | 24056468 |
| rickettsia felis infection in cat fleas ctenocephalides felis felis. | the present study evaluated the rickettsial infection in a laboratory colony of cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis felis (bouche) in brazil. all flea samples (30 eggs, 30 larvae, 30 cocoons, 30 males, and 30 females) tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were shown to contain rickettsial dna. pcr products, corresponding to the rickettsial glta, htra, ompa and ompb gene partial sequences were sequenced and showed to correspond to rickettsia felis, indicating that the flea colony was 100% infect ... | 2010 | 24031560 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia typhi in cats and fleas. | rickettsiatyphi is the etiological agent of murine typhus (mt), a disease transmitted by two cycles: rat-flea-rat, and peridomestic cycle. murine typhus is often misdiagnosed and underreported. a correct diagnosis is important because mt can cause severe illness and death. our previous seroprevalence results pointed to presence of human r. typhi infection in our region; however, no clinical case has been reported. although cats have been related to mt, no naturally infected cat has been describe ... | 2013 | 23940746 |
| ectoparasites and anti-leishmania antibodies: association in an observational case-control study of dogs from a brazilian endemic area. | it has been proposed that the transmission of canine visceral leishmaniasis might involve the participation of mechanical vectors, including ticks of the family ixodidae, in particular the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus, and the cat flea ctenocephalides felis felis. here, the association between the infestation by r. sanguineus and c. felis felis and the occurrence of anti-leishmania antibodies was evaluated in an observational case-control study of dogs living in a brazilian endemic ar ... | 2013 | 23932895 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia felis in different flea species from caldas, colombia. | rickettsioses caused by rickettsia felis are an emergent global threat. historically, the northern region of the province of caldas in colombia has reported murine typhus cases, and recently, serological studies confirmed high seroprevalence for both r. felis and r. typhi. in the present study, fleas from seven municipalities were collected from dogs, cats, and mice. dna was extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to identify glta, ompb, and 17kd genes. positive samples were s ... | 2013 | 23878183 |
| bartonella species infection in cats: abcd guidelines on prevention and management. | over 22 bartonella species have been described in mammals, and bartonella henselae is most common worldwide. cats are the main reservoir for this bacterium. b henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease in man, a self-limiting regional lymphadenopathy, but also of other potentially fatal disorders in immunocompromised people. | 2013 | 23813816 |
| the bartonella henselae sitabcd transporter is required for confronting oxidative stress during cell and flea invasion. | bartonella henselae is a zoonotic pathogen that possesses a flea-cat-flea transmission cycle and causes cat scratch disease in humans via cat scratches and bites. in order to establish infection, b. henselae must overcome oxidative stress damage produced by the mammalian host and arthropod vector. b. henselae encodes for putative fe²⁺ and mn²⁺ transporter sitabcd. in b. henselae, sitab knockdown increases sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. we consistently show that sitab knockdown decreases the a ... | 2013 | 23811032 |
| a survey of ectoparasites infesting urban and rural dogs of maranhão state, brazil. | this study evaluated for the first time, ectoparasite infestations on dogs from urban and rural areas of the continental land of the state of maranhão, northeastern brazil. in total, 622 dogs were examined for ectoparasite infestations. overall, 392 (63.0%) were infested with ectoparasites, 154 (51.3%) of 300 urban dogs and 238 (73.9%) of 322 rural dogs. five species of ectoparasites were found, three ticks [rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille), amblyomma ovale koch, and amblyomma cajennense (f. ... | 2013 | 23802466 |
| an improved bioassay facilitates the screening of repellents against cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | repellents are a common method for preventing flea bites, making an effective system for flea repellent screening advantageous. we describe an improved technique to facilitate repellent activity screening of numerous plant-based ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) repellents. | 2014 | 23801453 |
| prophylactic treatment of flea-infested dogs with an imidacloprid / flumethrin collar (seresto®, bayer) to preempt infection with dipylidium caninum. | the objective of the study was to determine the sustained effectiveness of 10 % imidacloprid and 4.5 % flumethrin, incorporated in a slow-release matrix collar, in preventing dipylidium caninum infection in dogs after repeated laboratory infestations with fleas infected with metacestodes of this tapeworm. efficacy against infection with d. caninum was evaluated by infesting 16 dogs with cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) on study days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42, from batches suitably infected with ... | 2013 | 23771717 |
| monitoring field susceptibility to imidacloprid in the cat flea: a world-first initiative twelve years on. | in 2001, an international surveillance initiative was established, utilising a validated larval development inhibition assay to track the susceptibility of cat flea isolates to imidacloprid. in 2009, an australian node was incorporated into the programme, joining laboratories in the united states and europe. field isolates of ctenocephalides felis eggs were submitted to participating laboratories and, where egg quantity and quality was sufficient, were placed in the imidacloprid discriminating d ... | 2013 | 23756960 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors for rickettsia felis exposure in dogs from southeast queensland and the northern territory, australia. | the recent detection of rickettsia felis dna in dogs in australia suggests that dogs are potential mammalian reservoir hosts for this emerging rickettsia. to date, there is no published report addressing the seroprevalence of r. felis in dogs in australia. | 2013 | 23731951 |
| dissemination of bloodmeal acquired rickettsia felis in cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis. | cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, are known biological vectors for rickettsia felis. rickettsial transmission can be vertical via transovarial transmission within a flea population, as well as horizontal between fleas through a bloodmeal. the previously undescribed infection kinetics of bloodmeal-acquired r. felis in cat fleas provides insight into the r. felis-flea interaction. | 2013 | 23705666 |
| wolbachia endosymbionts, rickettsia felis and bartonella species, in ctenocephalides felis fleas in a tropical region. | 2013 | 23701629 | |
| molecular detection of rickettsia felis and candidatus rickettsia asemboensis in fleas from human habitats, asembo, kenya. | the flea-borne rickettsioses murine typhus (rickettsia typhi) and flea-borne spotted fever (fbsf) (rickettsia felis) are febrile diseases distributed among humans worldwide. murine typhus has been known to be endemic to kenya since the 1950s, but fbsf was only recently documented in northeastern (2010) and western (2012) kenya. to characterize the potential exposure of humans in kenya to flea-borne rickettsioses, a total of 330 fleas (134 pools) including 5 species (xenopsylla cheopis, ctenoceph ... | 2013 | 23675818 |
| macroparasite communities in stray cat populations from urban cities in peninsular malaysia. | the occurrence of macroparasites was studied from 543 stray cats in four urban cities from the west (kuala lumpur), east (kuantan), north (georgetown) and south (malacca) of peninsular malaysia from may 2007 to august 2010. five ectoparasites species were recovered namely, ctenocephalides felis, felicola subrostratus, haemaphysalis bispinosa, heterodoxus spiniger and lynxacarus radovskyi. two cats from georgetown were infested with the dog louse, h. spiniger and this represented the first host r ... | 2013 | 23664711 |
| rickettsia felis in rhipicephalus sanguineus from two distant chilean cities. | rickettsia felis is an emerging agent considered a human threat; although its natural reservoir and agent of transmission is the cat flea, it has been also found in other vectors. r. felis has been identified in chile in cat fleas and in one specimen of rhipicephalus sanguineus collected in the metropolitan region. the objective of this study was to detect the presence of rickettsia spp. in r. sanguineus from dogs of two different and distant geographical areas in chile. | 2013 | 23659352 |
| efficacy of indoxacarb applied to cats against the adult cat flea, ctenocephalides felis, flea eggs and adult flea emergence. | a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of indoxacarb applied to cats on adult cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis, flea egg production and adult flea emergence. | 2013 | 23642104 |
| survey of flea infestation in cats in spain. | fleas are a common cause of feline skin disorders as well as vectors of zoonotic diseases. this study evaluated the flea species infesting domestic cats in spain and assessed factors influencing their distribution. fleas from 217 cats from 57 localities in spain were identified and associations between abundance, and host-dependent, host habitat and environmental factors were examined. variations in infracommunity and component community structure were also explored. three species were present, ... | 2012 | 23600822 |
| prevalence of fleas and gastrointestinal parasites in free-roaming cats in central mexico. | the prevalence of fleas and gastrointestinal parasites in free-roaming and domestic cats in central mexico was evaluated. three hundred and fifty eight cats captured in the street or brought in by owners to the animal control center unit, a unit of state government, from june 2010 to may 2011, were included in the study. all cats were examined for the presence of fleas and gastrointestinal worms. one-hundred and ninety (53%) cats were infested with at least one flea species. single infestations ... | 2013 | 23573282 |
| efficacy of selamectin, spinosad, and spinosad/milbemycin oxime against the ks1 ctenocephalides felis flea strain infesting dogs. | a study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of selamectin, spinosad, and spinosad/milbemycin oxime against the ks1 strain of ctenocephalides felis on dogs. | 2013 | 23531322 |