Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| numerous gene rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome of the wallaby louse, heterodoxus macropus (phthiraptera). | the complete arrangement of genes in the mitochondrial (mt) genome is known for 12 species of insects, and part of the gene arrangement in the mt genome is known for over 300 other species of insects. the arrangement of genes in the mt genome is very conserved in insects studied, since all of the protein-coding and rrna genes and most of the trna genes are arranged in the same way. we sequenced the entire mt genome of the wallaby louse, heterodoxus macropus, which is 14,670 bp long and has the 3 ... | 2001 | 11319269 |
| local changes in gc/at substitution biases and in crossover frequencies on drosophila chromosomes. | i present here evidence of remarkable local changes in gc/at substitution biases and in crossover frequencies on drosophila chromosomes. the substitution pattern at 10 loci in the telomeric region of the x chromosome was studied for four species of the drosophila melanogaster species subgroup. drosophila orena and drosophila erecta are clearly the most closely related species pair (the erecta complex) among the four species studied; however, the overall data at the 10 loci revealed a clear dicho ... | 2001 | 11264413 |
| evolutionary novelties in islands: drosophila santomea, a new melanogaster sister species from são tomé. | the finding of new melanogaster sister species may help us in understanding more about how the emergence of genetic novelties, particularly in insular habitats, can result in speciation. here we report on the discovery of drosophila santomea, which is the first melanogaster sibling found off west-equatorial africa, on são tomé, one of the gulf of guinea islands. although the eight other melanogaster sister species are remarkably conservative in their morphology except for their terminalia, the n ... | 2000 | 11007323 |
| mitochondrial sequence evolution in spiders: intraspecific variation in trnas lacking the tpsic arm. | analyses of mitochondrial dna sequences from three species of habronattus jumping spiders (chelicerata: arachnida: araneae) reveal unusual inferred trna secondary structures and gene arrangements, providing new information on trna evolution within chelicerate arthropods. sequences from the protein-coding genes nadh dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nd1), cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi), and subunit ii (coii) were obtained, along with trna, trna, and large-subunit ribosomal rna (16s) sequences; these r ... | 2000 | 10889222 |
| the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the crustacean penaeus monodon: are malacostracan crustaceans more closely related to insects than to branchiopods? | the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the giant tiger prawn, penaeus monodon (arthropoda, crustacea, malacostraca), is presented. the gene content and gene order are identical to those observed in drosophila yakuba. the overall at composition is lower than that observed in the known insect mitochondrial genomes, but higher than that observed in the other two crustaceans for which complete mitochondrial sequence is available. analysis of the effect of nucleotide bias on codon compo ... | 2000 | 10833192 |
| the evolution of an alpha-esterase pseudogene inactivated in the drosophila melanogaster lineage. | previous analyses of the alpha-esterase cluster of drosophila melanogaster revealed 10 active genes and the dmalphae4a-psi pseudogene. here, we reconstruct the evolution of the pseudogene from the sequences of 12 alleles from widely scattered d. melanogaster populations and single alleles from drosophila simulans and drosophila yakuba. all of the dmalphae4a-psi alleles contain numerous inactivating mutations, suggesting that pseudogene alleles are fixed in natural populations. several lines of e ... | 2000 | 10742048 |
| origin of new genes and source for n-terminal domain of the chimerical gene, jingwei, in drosophila. | this paper deals with a general question posed by the origin of new processed chimerical genes: when a new retrosequence inserts into a new genome position, how does it become activated and acquire novel protein function by recruiting new functional domains and regulatory elements? jingwei (jgw), a newly evolved functional gene with a chimerical structure in drosophila, provides an opportunity to examine such questions. the source of its exon encoding c-terminal peptide has been identified as an ... | 1999 | 10570991 |
| local recombination and mutation effects on molecular evolution in drosophila. | i studied the cause of the significant difference in the synonymous-substitution pattern found in the achaete-scute complex genes in two drosophila lineages, higher codon bias in drosophila yakuba, and lower bias in d. melanogaster. besides these genes, the functionally unrelated yellow gene showed the same substitution pattern, suggesting a region-dependent phenomenon in the x-chromosome telomere. because the numbers of a/t --> g/c substitutions were not significantly different from those of g/ ... | 1999 | 10545459 |
| the drosophila gene 2a5 complements the defect in mitochondrial f1-atpase assembly in yeast lacking the molecular chaperone atp11p. | assembly of mitochondrial f1-atpase in saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the molecular chaperone, atp11p. database searches have identified protein sequences from schizosaccharomyces pombe and two species of drosophila that are homologous to s. cerevisiae atp11p. a cdna encoding the putative atp11p from drosophila yakuba was shown to complement the respiratory deficient phenotype of yeast harboring an atp11::his3 disruption allele. furthermore, the product of this drosophila gene was shown to in ... | 1999 | 10386611 |
| courtship song rhythms in drosophila yakuba. | we studied the courtship songs of males from several strains of drosophila yakuba. there was clear evidence for two types of pulse songs, generated by the male's wing vibration, which we called 'thud' song and 'clack' song. clack song was generated by both wings, at distances further from the female than the thud component, which was produced by one-wing displays. the carrier frequency of clack song was considerably higher than that of thud, whereas the interpulse intervals (ipi) of thud song, w ... | 1999 | 10049478 |
| the two drosophila telomeric transposable elements have very different patterns of transcription. | the transposable elements het-a and tart constitute the telomeres of drosophila chromosomes. both are non-long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposons, sharing the remarkable property of transposing only to chromosome ends. in addition, strong sequence similarity of their gag proteins indicates that these coding regions share a common ancestor. these findings led to the assumption that het-a and tart are closely related. however, we now find that these elements produce quite different sets of tra ... | 1999 | 9858610 |
| nucleotide variation in the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) locus of drosophila melanogaster and drosophila simulans. | dna sequence variation in a 1.1-kb region including the coding portion of the tpi locus was examined in 25 homozygous third-chromosome lines of drosophila melanogaster, nine lines of drosophila simulans, and one line of drosophila yakuba. our data show that the widespread allozyme polymorphism observed in cosmopolitan d. melanogaster is due to a glutamic acid substitution occurring in a phylogenetically conserved lysine that has been identified as part of the "hinged-lid" active site of the enzy ... | 1998 | 9615457 |
| rate variation of dna sequence evolution in the drosophila lineages. | rate constancy of dna sequence evolution was examined for three species of drosophila, using two samples: the published sequences of eight genes from regions of the normal recombination rates and new data of the four as-c (ac, sc, l'sc and ase) and ci genes. the as-c and ci genes were chosen because these genes are located in the regions of very reduced recombination in drosophila melanogaster and their locations remain unchanged throughout the entire lineages involved, yielding less effect of a ... | 1998 | 9611206 |
| unusual features of the drosophila melanogaster telomere transposable element het-a are conserved in drosophila yakuba telomere elements. | het-a was the first transposable element shown to have a bona fide role in chromosome structure, maintenance of telomeres in drosophila melanogaster. het-a has hallmarks of non-long-terminal-repeat (non-ltr) retrotransposable elements but also has several unique features. we have now isolated het-a elements from drosophila yakuba, showing that the retrotransposon mechanism of telomere maintenance predates the separation of d. melanogaster and d. yakuba (5-15 million years ago). het-a elements fr ... | 0 | 9520442 |
| reproductive isolation and morphogenetic evolution in drosophila analyzed by breakage of ethological barriers. | this article reports the breaking of ethological barriers through the constitution of soma-germ line chimeras between species of the melanogaster subgroup of drosophila, which are ethologically isolated. female drosophila yakuba and d. teissieri germ cells in a d. melanogaster ovary produced functional oocytes that, when fertilized by d. melanogaster sperm, gave rise to sterile yakuba-melanogaster and teissieri-melanogaster male and female hybrids. however, the erecta-melanogaster and orena-mela ... | 1997 | 9286683 |
| a screen for fast evolving genes from drosophila. | in an attempt to quantify the rates of protein sequence divergence in drosophila, we have devised a screen to differentiate between slow and fast evolving genes. we find that over one-third of randomly drawn cdnas from a drosophila melanogaster library do not cross-hybridize with drosophila virilis dna, indicating that they evolve with a very high rate. to determine the evolutionary characteristics of such protein sequences, we sequenced their homologs from a more closely related species (drosop ... | 1997 | 9275195 |
| mitochondrial gene arrangement of the horseshoe crab limulus polyphemus l.: conservation of major features among arthropod classes. | numerous complete mitochondrial dna sequences have been determined for species within two arthropod groups, insects and crustaceans, but there are none for a third, the chelicerates. most mitochondrial gene arrangements reported for crustaceans and insect species are identical or nearly identical to that of drosophila yakuba. sequences across 36 of the gene boundaries in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of a representative chelicerate. limulus polyphemus l., also reveal an arrangement like that of ... | 1997 | 9254925 |
| partial sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the crustacean daphnia pulex. | a 4062-nucleotide (nt) fragment of the mitochondrial genome of the crustacean daphnia pulex was sequenced and found to contain the complete genes for eight trnas and five proteins (atp6, atp8, coii, coiii, nd3) and the partial sequence of coi. in combination with data described previously, approximately 50% of the d. pulex mitochondrial genome has been sequenced. the gene order in this half of the genome is identical to that of drosophila yakuba which differs from that of the other completely se ... | 1997 | 9000380 |
| partial sequence of the shrimp penaeus notialis mitochondrial genome. | about half of the mitochondrial dna of the shrimp penaeus notialis (crustacea: decapoda) has been cloned (in 2 overlapping fragments of 7.9 kb and 1 kb) and partially sequenced. the gene content and arrangement are identical to that of the homologous domain in drosophila yakuba. intergenic nucleotides are scarce and a 982 bp non-coding sequence exhibit features similar to that of mtdna control regions. the gene organization and the trna structures differentiate the penaeus notialis mitochondrial ... | 1996 | 8881281 |
| naturally occurring variation in copia expression is due to both element (cis) and host (trans) regulatory variation. | significant differences in levels of copia [drosophila long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposon] expression exist among six species representing the drosophila melanogaster species complex (d. melanogaster, drosophila mauritiana, drosophila simulans, drosophila sechellia, drosophila yakuba, and drosophila erecta) and a more distantly related species (drosophila willistoni). these differences in expression are correlated with major size variation mapping to putative regulatory regions of the co ... | 1996 | 8692951 |
| insect immunity: early events in the encapsulation process of parasitoid (leptopilina boulardi) eggs in resistant and susceptible strains of drosophila. | eggs of an immune suppressive strain (= virulent) of the parasitoid leptopilina boulardi are encapsulated neither in resistant nor in susceptible strains of drosophila melanogaster but are encapsulated in drosophila yakuba. eggs of a nonimmune suppressive strain (= avirulent) of the same parasitoid are encapsulated in a resistant strain of d. melanogaster and in d. yakuba but are not encapsulated in a susceptible strain of d. melanogaster. egg chorion in the 2 parasitoid strains showed the same ... | 1996 | 8587797 |
| the sequence, organization, and evolution of the locusta migratoria mitochondrial genome. | the sequencing of the cloned locusta migratoria mitochondrial genome has been completed. the sequence is 15,722 bp in length and contains 75.3% a+t, the lowest value in any of the five insect mitochondrial sequences so far determined. the protein coding genes have a similar a+t content (74.1%) but are distinguished by a high cytosine content at the third codon position. the gene content and organization are the same as in drosophila yakuba except for a rearrangement of the two trna genes trnalys ... | 1995 | 8587138 |
| genome organization and restriction site map of the mitochondrial dna of the housefly (musca domestica). | a restriction map of the housefly mitochondrial dna was constructed. the putative arrangement of the major coding regions was determined by two methods. in the first, drosophila clones of known gene content were hybridized to housefly restriction fragments on southern blots. in the second, rare restriction sites and clusters of restriction sites were used to align the housefly restriction map with that of drosophila yakuba. both methods produced the same apparent gene arrangement. | 1993 | 8514159 |
| the mitochondrial genome of the honeybee apis mellifera: complete sequence and genome organization. | the complete sequence of honeybee (apis mellifera) mitochondrial dna is reported being 16,343 bp long in the strain sequenced. relative to their positions in the drosophila map, 11 of the trna genes are in altered positions, but the other genes and regions are in the same relative positions. comparisons of the predicted protein sequences indicate that the honeybee mitochondrial genetic code is the same as that for drosophila; but the anticodons of two trnas differ between these two insects. the ... | 1993 | 8417993 |
| the drosophila melanogaster dodecasatellite sequence is closely linked to the centromere and can form connections between sister chromatids during mitosis. | we have used fluorescence in situ hybridisation to wild-type and rearranged mitotic chromosomes to map the drosophila melanogaster dodecasatellite sequence. it is located at a unique site, within the pericentric heterochromatin of the right arm of the third chromosome, closely linked to the primary constriction. in polytene chromosomes, dodecasatellite is found as one or a few dots in the central region of the chromocentre. in untreated diploid cells, dodecasatellite sequences are found as one o ... | 1993 | 8360277 |
| mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata (wiedemann), mitochondrial dna: genes and secondary structures for six t-rnas. | the polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify six mitochondrial t-rnas for ala, arg, asn, ser, glu and phe between genes for mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenases 3 and 5. with respect to drosophila yakuba the gene order and direction of transcription is completely conserved. analysis of secondary structure shows complete conservation of the anticodon loops but a number of differences in the dihydrouridine and t psi c loops with respect to drosophila. however, differences are such that tertiary ... | 1993 | 8269094 |
| the mitochondrial genome of anopheles quadrimaculatus species a: complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization. | the complete sequence (15,455 bp) of the mitochondrial dna of the mosquito anopheles quadrimaculatus species a is reported. this genome is compact and very a+t rich (77.4% a+t). it contains genes for 2 ribosomal rnas (rrnas), 22 transfer rnas (trnas), and 13 subunits of the mitochondrial inner membrane respiratory complexes. the gene arrangement is the same as in drosophila yakuba, except that the positions of two contiguous trnas are reversed and a third trna is transcribed from the complementa ... | 1993 | 8112570 |
| partial mitochondrial dna sequence of the crustacean daphnia pulex. | a 3667-base pair (bp) fragment of the mitochondrial genome of the crustacean daphnia pulex has been sequenced and found to contain the complete genes for the small subunit ribosomal rna, nd2, seven trnas and the control region. this organization is identical to that found in drosophila yakuba mtdna yet d. pulex mtdna exhibits several unique features when compared to other mitochondrial sequences. the sequenced fragment is only 62.6% a + t which is much lower than that of any other arthropod mtdn ... | 1994 | 8082168 |
| unraveling selection in the mitochondrial genome of drosophila. | we examine mitochondrial dna variation at the cytochrome b locus within and between three species of drosophila to determine whether patterns of variation conform to the predictions of neutral molecular evolution. the entire 1137-bp cytochrome b locus was sequenced in 16 lines of drosophila melanogaster, 18 lines of drosophila simulans and 13 lines of drosophila yakuba. patterns of variation depart from neutrality by several test criteria. analysis of the evolutionary clock hypothesis shows uneq ... | 1994 | 7851772 |
| analysis of mitochondrial dna and development of pcr-based diagnostic molecular markers for mediterranean fruit fly (ceratitis capitata) populations. | a 2.99 kb mtdna fragment containing two variable restriction endonuclease sites (ecorv and xbai) was subcloned and sequenced from the mediterranean fruit fly (ceratitis capitata). this fragment represents approximately one-fifth of the entire mitochondrial sequence. the sequence was aligned with the comparable region from drosophila yakuba and anopheles gambiae, resulting in 81.8% and 76.7% identity at the nucleotide level, and 77% and 67.7% identity, respectively, at the amino acid level. the s ... | 1995 | 7742977 |
| complete base sequence for the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal rna of the gypsy moth lymantria dispar (l.). | a 1355 bp sequence (accession number l32141) isolated from a gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) cdna library showed 68-74% sequence identity to mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal rna (mt irrna) sequences of locusta migratoria, apis mellifera, aedes albopictus, anopheles gambiae and two drosophila species. a comparison of the primary sequences of the mt irrnas from the above insects in four orders and from esherichia coli demonstrated regions of conservation which presumably correspond to regions o ... | 1994 | 7704305 |
| mesoderm-specific b104 expression in the drosophila embryo is mediated by internal cis-acting elements of the transposon. | the drosophila melanogaster genome contains about 100 copies of the b104 transposable element, which is strongly expressed during embryogenesis. here we show that b104 expression is restricted to the esophageal and amnioproctodeal regions of the embryo and to the developing mesoderm. mesoderm-specific b104 expression requires the activity of the mesoderm-determining factors twist and snail. virtually the same expression patterns were observed in drosophila yakuba, a species that a separated from ... | 1995 | 7664613 |
| phylogeny of sibling species of simulium venustum and s. verecundum (diptera: simuliidae) based on sequences of the mitochondrial 16s rrna gene. | the phylogeny of four sibling species of simulium venustum (cc, cc3, cc4, and ac(gb)) and two sibling species of s. verecundum (aa and acd = s. rostratum) was reconstructed using nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial large subunit rrna gene. separate phylogenetic analyses were performed by dividing the sequence data into: (1) helices of a computer-generated secondary structure of the rdna; (2) loops of the computer-generated structure; (3) helices of a consensus secondary structure (deduced ... | 1993 | 7519520 |
| comparative study of structure and function of blood cells from two drosophila species. | hemocytes of drosophila melanogaster and drosophila yakuba larvae have been defined in terms of their ultrastructure and functions in "coagulation", wound healing, encapsulation, phenol-oxidase activity, and phagocytosis. the position of these cells among the classical hemocyte types of insects is determined. we distinguish two plasmatocyte types (macrophage-plasmatocytes and lamellocytes) which do not seem to belong to the same lineage, and oenocytoids which are the crystal cells of the literat ... | 1982 | 6799204 |
| the drosophila mitochondrial genome. | the mitochondrial genome of drosophila yakuba is a circular dna molecule of 16019 nucleotide pairs. the sequence contains the genes for two rrna molecules, 22 trna molecules, five known polypeptides (cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunits i, ii, iii and atpase subunit 6) and eight unidentified polypeptides (urf1, 2, 3, 4l, 4, 5, 6 and a6l). between the trna(ile) and small rrna genes there occurs a sequence of 1077 nucleotides that is 92.8 per cent a + t and lacks reading frames greater than ... | 1984 | 6400770 |
| sequence and arrangement of the genes for cytochrome b, urf1, urf4l, urf4, urf5, urf6 and five trnas in drosophila mitochondrial dna. | the nucleotide sequence of a segment of the mtdna molecule of drosophila yakuba has been determined, within which have been identified the 3' end of the large rrna gene and the entire genes for trnaleucun , urf1 , trnaserucn , cytochrome b, urf6 , trnapro, trnathr , urf4l , urf4 , trnahis and urf5 . the genes are arranged in the order given, with the large rrna gene being closest to the a+t-rich region which contains the origin of replication. transcription of all of these genes except those for ... | 1984 | 6328435 |
| a cluster of six trna genes in drosophila mitochondrial dna that includes a gene for an unusual trnaseragy. | genes for urf3, trnaala, trnaarg, trnaasn, trnaseragy, trnaglu, trnaphe, and the carboxyl terminal segment of the urf5 gene have been identified within a sequenced segment of the mtdna molecule of drosophila yakuba. the genes occur in the order given. the urf5 and trnaphe genes are transcribed in the same direction as replication while the urf3 and remaining five trna genes are transcribed in the opposite direction. considerable differences exist in the relative arrangement of these genes in d. ... | 1984 | 6324117 |
| genes for cytochrome c oxidase subunit i, urf2, and three trnas in drosophila mitochondrial dna. | genes for urf2, trnatrp, trnacys, trnatyr and cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) have been identified within a sequenced segment of the drosophila yakuba mtdna molecule. the five genes are arranged in the order given. transcription of the trnacys and trnatyr genes is in the same direction as replication, while transcription of the urf2, trnatrp and coi genes is in the opposite direction. a similar arrangement of these genes is found in mammalian mtdna except that in the latter, the trnaala and ... | 1983 | 6314262 |
| nucleotide sequence of a segment of drosophila mitochondrial dna that contains the genes for cytochrome c oxidase subunits ii and iii and atpase subunit 6. | the nucleotide sequence of a segment of the mtdna molecule of drosophila yakuba has been determined, within which have been identified the genes for trnaleuuur, cytochrome c oxidase subunit ii (coii), trnalys, trnaasp, urfa6l, atpase subunit 6 (atpase6), cytochrome c oxidase subunit iii (coiii) and trnagly. the genes are arranged in the order given and all are transcribed from the same strand of the molecule in a direction opposite to that in which replication proceeds around the molecule. the t ... | 1983 | 6306579 |
| transfer rna genes in drosophila mitochondrial dna: related 5' flanking sequences and comparisons to mammalian mitochondrial trna genes. | genes for trnagly and trnaserucn have been identified within sequences of mtdna of drosophila yakuba. the trnagly gene lies between the genes for cytochrome c oxidase subunit iii and urf3, and all three of these genes are contained in the same strand of the mtdna molecule. the trnaserucn gene is adjacent to the urf1 gene. these genes are contained in opposite strands of the mtdna molecule and their 3' ends overlap. the structures of the trnagly and trnaserucn genes, and of the four trna genes of ... | 1983 | 6304652 |
| drosophila mitochondrial dna: a novel gene order. | part of the replication origin-containing a+t-rich region of the drosophila yakuba mtdna molecule and segments on either side of this region have been sequenced, and the genes within them identified. the data confirm that the small and large rrna genes lie in tandem adjacent to that side of the a+t-rich region which is replicated first, and establish that a trnaval gene lies between the two rrna genes and that urf1 follows the large rrna gene. the data further establish that the genes for trnail ... | 1982 | 6294611 |
| sequence evolution of drosophila mitochondrial dna. | we have compared nucleotide sequences of corresponding segments of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecules of drosophila yakuba and drosophila melanogaster, which contain the genes for six proteins and seven trnas. the overall frequency of substitution between the nucleotide sequences of these protein genes is 7.2%. as was found for mtdnas from closely related mammals, most substitutions (86%) in drosophila mitochondrial protein genes do not result in an amino acid replacement. however, the freq ... | 1985 | 3921427 |
| the gene for the large (16s) ribosomal rna from the locusta migratoria mitochondrial genome. | the nucleotide sequence of a segment of the mtdna molecule of the locust locusta migratoria containing the complete large rrna (16s) gene and some nucleotides in its vicinity has been determined. the gene contains 1314 nucleotides, comprising the smallest metazoan gene reported to date. the gene has a low content of gc (21%) and exhibits an extended sequence homology to the corresponding gene of the dipteran insect drosophila yakuba, suggesting a comparable secondary structure. the gene structur ... | 1987 | 3450412 |
| the watermelon mitochondrial urf-1 gene: evidence for a complex structure. | we have cloned and sequenced a fragment of watermelon mitochondrial dna (mtdna) which contains a gene homologous to mitochondrial urf-1 (unidentified reading frame-1) of vertebrates, drosophila yakuba and aspergillus nidulans. urf-1 is thought to encode a component of the respiratory chain nadh dehydrogenase. two coding regions in the watermelon gene are separated by approximately 1,450 bp of untranslatable dna. these two exons encode the central portions of urf-1, and are highly conserved. we p ... | 1986 | 3447741 |
| drosophila melanogaster mitochondrial dna: gene organization and evolutionary considerations. | the sequence of a 8351-nucleotide mitochondrial dna (mtdna) fragment has been obtained extending the knowledge of the drosophila melanogaster mitochondrial genome to 90% of its coding region. the sequence encodes seven polypeptides, 12 trnas and the 3' end of the 16s rrna and co iii genes. the gene organization is strictly conserved with respect to the drosophila yakuba mitochondrial genome, and different from that found in mammals and xenopus. the high a + t content of d. melanogaster mitochond ... | 2011 | 3130291 |
| rates of nucleotide substitution in drosophila mitochondrial dna and nuclear dna are similar. | while the majority of dna in eukaryotes is in the nucleus, a small but functionally significant amount is found in organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. a recent, rather remarkable, finding has been that in vertebrates the dna in the mitochondria (mtdna) is evolving 5-10 times faster than the dna in the nucleus. no similar studies have been done with invertebrates. using the technique of dna x dna hybridization, we have measured the degree of nucleotide substitution between drosophil ... | 1986 | 3097641 |
| the mitochondrial dna molecular of drosophila yakuba: nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code. | the sequence of the 16,019 nucleotide-pair mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecule of drosophila yakuba is presented. this molecule contains the genes for two rrnas, 22 trnas, six identified proteins [cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunits i, ii, and iii (coi-iii), and atpase subunits 6 and 8] and seven presumptive proteins (urf1-6 and urf4l). replication originates within a region of 1077 nucleotides that is 92.8% a + t and lacks any open reading frame larger than 123 nucleotides. an equivalent ... | 1985 | 3001325 |
| the ribosomal rna genes of drosophila mitochondrial dna. | the nucleotide sequence of a segment of the mtdna molecule of drosophila yakuba which contains the a+t-rich region and the small and large rrna genes separated by the trnaval gene has been determined. the 5' end of the small rrna gene was located by s1 protection analysis. in contrast to mammalian mtdna, a trna gene was not found at the 5' end of the d. yakuba small rrna gene. the small and large rrna genes are 20.7% and 16.7% g+c and contain only 789 and 1326 nucleotides. the 5' regions of the ... | 1985 | 2989784 |
| different mitochondrial gene orders among insects: exchanged trna gene positions in the coii/coiii region between an orthopteran and a dipteran species. | we have cloned and sequenced a 2.65 kb segment of the mtdna molecule of the orthopteran insect locusta migratoria. it harbors the genes for four mitochondrial trnas, for cytochrome c oxidase subunits ii and iii and for atpase subunits 6 and 8. the order of the locust genes resembles that of drosophila yakuba: in both insects the genes for coii and atpase 8 are separated from each other by the genes encoding trna(lys) and trna(asp), but in the locust, the positions of the two trna genes are rever ... | 1988 | 2852067 |
| mitochondrial dna of chlamydomonas reinhardtii: the nd4 gene encoding a subunit of nadh dehydrogenase. | the nd4 gene encoding a subunit of respiratory nadh dehydrogenase has been identified on the linear 15.8 kb mitochondrial dna of chlamydomonas reinhardtii. the gene maps downstream of nd5. the 1,332 bp nucleotide sequence presented is the first complete reported nd4 sequence from a photoautotrophic organism. the deduced protein of 443 amino acid residues shows 34%, 29% and 27% homology to the protein sequences of aspergillus amstelodami, drosophila yakuba and mouse, respectively. nd4 is the fift ... | 1989 | 2791036 |
| recombination and replication of plasmid-like derivatives of a short section of the mitochondrial chromosome of neurospora crassa. | the 21-kbp mitochondrial chromosome of the stp-ruv strain of neurospora crassa undergoes regional amplification yielding plasmid-like supercoiled circles varying in size from subunit length to very high multimers. a comparison of the base sequence of the five plasmids studied, with the region of the chromosome from which they were derived, indicated that the amplified chromosomal segments were determined by a recombination-excision process near or within two structurally distinctive regions. one ... | 1989 | 2524421 |
| mitochondrial dna of chlamydomonas reinhardtii: the gene for apocytochrome b and the complete functional map of the 15.8 kb dna. | we have sequenced the termini of the mitochondrial genome of chlamydomonas reinhardtii and now present the dna sequence of the gene for apocytochrome b. this gene is the thirteenth gene of the linear 15.8 kb dna and appears to be the last one of the mt genome. the deduced protein sequence of 381 amino acid residues shows 56%, 48.6% and 48% identity with the apocytochrome b proteins of maize, drosophila yakuba and mouse, respectively. rna analysis reveals a transcript of about 1250 nucleotides. i ... | 1990 | 2250648 |
| cloning of the mitochondrial genome of anopheles quadrimaculatus. | the entire 15 kilobase (kb) anopheles quadrimaculatus mitochondrial dna (mtdna) was cloned as three ecori fragments in a bacteriophage vector and then subcloned into plasmid vectors. the cloned dna was physically mapped with restriction endonucleases, and the maps were compared to the restriction patterns of native a. quadrimaculatus mtdna. several genes were mapped by sequencing the ends of a. quadrimaculatus mtdna subclones and by hybridization with the previously characterized aedes albopictu ... | 1982 | 2134168 |
| discrepancy in divergence of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of drosophila teissieri and drosophila yakuba. | restriction sites were compared in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecules from representatives of two closely related species of fruit flies: nine strains of drosophila teissieri and eight strains of drosophila yakuba. nucleotide diversities among d. teissieri strains and among d. yakuba strains were 0.07% and 0.03%, respectively, and the nucleotide distance between the species was 0.22%. also determined was the nucleotide sequence of a 2305-nucleotide pair (ntp) segment of the mtdna molecule o ... | 1990 | 2115928 |
| comparison of mitochondrial dna sequences of seven morphospecies of black flies (diptera: simuliidae). | universal primers constructed from the 16s ribosomal rna gene in the drosophila yakuba mitochondrial genome were successfully used to amplify, via the polymerase chain reaction, the homologous region of mitochondrial dna from seven black fly morphospecies. amplification was achieved from single larval salivary glands and from single adults preserved in carnoy's fixative (ethanol - acetic acid, 3:1), allowing dna sequences and polytene chromosome banding pattern data to be gathered from the same ... | 1991 | 2055453 |
| codon usage is imposed by the gene location in the transcription unit. | a characteristic profile of the fluctuations of codon usage is observed in bacteriophages and mitochondria. by following the dna in the direction of transcription, one moves slowly from a region where selective pressure favours codons ending with c to a region where the bias is in favour of codons ending with t; then, abruptly, one again enters a region of codons ending in c. the transcription end point takes place in the area of abrupt change in codon usage. by comparing drosophila yakuba and m ... | 1991 | 1807825 |
| molecular evolution in the drosophila yakuba period locus. | two nuclear genes from drosophila yakuba were cloned, the orthologue of the drosophila melanogaster period (per) clock gene and the orthologue of an unnamed d. melanogaster gene adjacent to per, which encodes a 0.9-kb rna transcript. the dna and presumed protein sequences of both genes are presented and compared with their orthologues in d. melanogaster. consistent with the per orthologues described in other drosophila species, some parts of the per gene have accumulated nonsynonymous substituti ... | 1990 | 1702156 |
| evidence for interspecific transfer of the transposable element mariner between drosophila and zaprionus. | the transposable element mariner occurs widely in the melanogaster species group of drosophila. however, in drosophilids outside of the melanogaster species group, sequences showing strong dna hybridization with mariner are found only in the genus zaprionus. the mariner sequence obtained from zaprionus tuberculatus is 97% identical with that from drosophila mauritiana, a member of the melanogaster species subgroup, whereas a mariner sequence isolated from drosophila tsacasi is only 92% identical ... | 1991 | 1664000 |
| identification of nucleotide substitutions necessary for trans-activation of mariner transposable elements in drosophila: analysis of naturally occurring elements. | six copies of the mariner element from the genomes of drosophila mauritiana and drosophila simulans were chosen at random for dna sequencing and functional analysis and compared with the highly active element mos1 and the inactive element peach. all elements were 1286 base pairs in length, but among them there were 18 nucleotide differences. as assayed in drosophila melanogaster, three of the elements were apparently nonfunctional, two were marginally functional, and one had moderate activity th ... | 1991 | 1655567 |
| mitochondrial dna of the blowfly phormia regina: restriction analysis and gene localization. | a study of an invertebrate mitochondrial genome, that of the blowfly phormia regina, has been initiated to compare its structural and functional relatedness to other metazoan mitochondrial genomes. a restriction map of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) isolated from sucrose gradient-purified mitochondria has been established using a combination of single and double restriction endonuclease digestions and hybridizations with isolated mtdna fragments, revealing a genome size of 17.5 kilobases (kb). a numb ... | 1991 | 1652934 |
| putative origin and function of the intergenic region between coi and coii of apis mellifera l. mitochondrial dna. | the mitochondrial genome of honeybees is characterized by the presence of a long intergenic sequence located between the coi and coii genes. in addition, the length of this sequence varies between and within subspecies. four length categories (200, 250, 450 and 650 bp) have been found in 63 sampled colonies. analysis of the sequence of the largest type reveals the existence of two units: p (54 bp, 100% a + t) and q (196 bp, 93.4% a + t). the lengths encountered in the sample are explained by the ... | 1991 | 1649072 |
| a local algorithm for dna sequence alignment with inversions. | a dynamic programming algorithm to find all optimal alignments of dna subsequences is described. the alignments use not only substitutions, insertions and deletions of nucleotides but also inversions (reversed complements) of substrings of the sequences. the inversion alignments themselves contain substitutions, insertions and deletions of nucleotides. we study the problem of alignment with non-intersecting inversions. to provide a computationally efficient algorithm we restrict candidate invers ... | 1992 | 1591531 |
| population genetics of polymorphism and divergence. | frequencies of mutant sites are modeled as a poisson random field in two species that share a sufficiently recent common ancestor. the selective effect of the new alleles can be favorable, neutral, or detrimental. the model is applied to the sample configurations of nucleotides in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (adh) in drosophila simulans and drosophila yakuba. assuming a synonymous mutation rate of 1.5 x 10(-8) per site per year and 10 generations per year, we obtain estimates for the effectiv ... | 1992 | 1459433 |
| mitochondrial transfer rna genes in a black fly, simulium vittatum (diptera: simuliidae), indicate long divergence from mosquito (diptera: culicidae) and fruit fly (diptera: drosophilidae). | sequences are given for nine complete genes and one partial mitochondrial trna gene of the black fly, simulium vittatum (zetterstedt). sequenced trna genes were for alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine(cun), lysine, serine(agn), and valine. nucleotides were aligned with the same previously sequenced genes in aedes albopictus skuse and drosophila yakuba burla. a cluster of six trna genes, which differ in arrangement in ae. albopictus and d. yakuba, was amp ... | 1992 | 1379642 |
| population structure and mitochondrial dna gene flow in old world populations of drosophila subobscura. | an extensive survey of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) restriction polymorphism in 156 isofemale lines from 29 different geographic populations of drosophila subobscura distributed throughout the old world was carried out. ten restriction enzymes were used, five of which revealed restriction site polymorphism. of the 31 restriction sites detected, 13 were found to be polymorphic. comparisons with the mtdna map of drosophila yakuba indicate that the variable sites are mainly concentrated in protein gen ... | 1992 | 1346531 |
| insertional mutagenesis in drosophila. ii. p element mediated transformation of drosophila yakuba. | drosophila yakuba, a member of melanogaster subgroup being free of p element, acquired resistance to an antibiotic neomycin by the transformation utilizing p element. in this species, the transformation frequency was comparable to that of d. melanogaster. further, the occurrence of 8 base pairs duplication upon the insertion of the element was confirmed. these facts suggest that the p element could be inserted into the genome in the same manner, even in d. yakuba. any consensus for preferential ... | 1992 | 1338284 |