Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| hybrid antibiotic overcomes resistance in p. aeruginosa by enhancing outer membrane penetration and reducing efflux. | therapeutic interventions to treat multidrug-resistant (mdr) pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are severely limited and often require the use of colistin as drug of last resort. the major challenges impeding the development of novel antipseudomonal agents are the lack of cell penetration and extensive efflux. we have discovered a tobramycin-moxifloxacin hybrid core structure which enhances outer membrane permeability and reduces efflux by dissipating the proton motive force of the cytoplasmic me ... | 2016 | 27524179 |
| effects of antiviral agent, acyclovir, on the biological fitness of galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) adults. | the effects of a synthetic purine nucleoside analog, antiviral agent, acyclovir (acv), on adult longevity, fecundity, and hatchability of a serious honeycomb pest, greater wax moth galleria mellonella l. were investigated by adding 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0% acv into artificial and natural diets. control larvae were reared on diet without acv. the artificial diet containing the lowest level of acv, 0.01%, raised egg production from a number of 12.9 ± 0.6 to 163.2 ± 1.3. the hatching rate of these ... | 2016 | 27515595 |
| vital role for the j-domain protein mdj1 in asexual development, multiple stress tolerance, and virulence of beauveria bassiana. | mdj1 is a member of the hsp40 family containing a dnaj or j domain. here, we have examined the functions of an mdj1 orthologue (56.68 kda) in beauveria bassiana, a filamentous fungal insect pathogen widely applied in biological control of insect pests. deletion of mdj1 in b. bassiana resulted in significant growth defects on a variety of complex and minimal media. the δmdj1 mutant exhibited not only a drastic reduction (92 %) in aerial conidiation during optimal cultivation but also a remarkable ... | 2017 | 27514385 |
| the synergistic effect of azoles and fluoxetine against resistant candida albicans strains is attributed to attenuating fungal virulence. | this study evaluated the synergistic effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, in combination with azoles against candida albicans both in vitro and in vivo and explored the underlying mechanism. mics, sessile mics, and time-kill curves were determined for resistant c. albicans galleria mellonella was used as a nonvertebrate model for determining the efficacy of the drug combinations against c. albicans in vivo for the mechanism study, gene expression levels of the sap g ... | 2016 | 27503639 |
| characterization of enteropathogenic escherichia coli of clinical origin from the pediatric population in pakistan. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is one of the leading causes of watery diarrhea among children. | 2016 | 27496516 |
| microbiota from rhabditis regina may alter nematode entomopathogenicity. | here we report the presence of the entomopathogenic nematode rhabditis (rhabditoides) regina affecting white grubs (phyllophaga sp. and anomala sp.) in mexico and r. regina-associated bacteria. bioassays were performed to test the entomopathogenic capacity of dauer and l2 and l3 (combined) larval stages. furthermore, we determined the diversity of bacteria from laboratory nematodes cultivated for 2 years (dauer and l2-l3 larvae) and from field nematodes (dauer and l2-l3 larvae) in addition to th ... | 2016 | 27492201 |
| functional characterization of the aspergillus nidulans glucosylceramide pathway reveals that lcb δ8-desaturation and c9-methylation are relevant to filamentous growth, lipid raft localization and psd1 defensin activity. | c8-desaturated and c9-methylated glucosylceramide (glccer) is a fungal-specific sphingolipid that plays an important role in the growth and virulence of many species. in this work, we investigated the contribution of aspergillus nidulans sphingolipid δ8-desaturase (sdea), sphingolipid c9-methyltransferases (smta/smtb) and glucosylceramide synthase (gcsa) to fungal phenotypes, sensitivity to psd1 defensin and galleria mellonella virulence. we showed that δsdea accumulated c8-saturated and unmethy ... | 2016 | 27479571 |
| synthesis and biofilm formation reduction of pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives in some staphylococcus aureus strains. | the ability of several n-phenyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives and other pyrazoles opportunely modified at the positions 3, 4 and 5, to reduce the formation of the biofilm in some staphylococcus aureus strains (atcc 29213, atcc 25923 and atcc 6538) were investigated. all the tested compounds were able, although to a different extent, to reduce the biofilm formation of the three bacterial strains considered. among these, the 1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-n-phenyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamid ... | 2016 | 27474923 |
| the candida albicans pho4 transcription factor mediates susceptibility to stress and influences fitness in a mouse commensalism model. | the pho4 transcription factor is required for growth under low environmental phosphate concentrations in saccharomyces cerevisiae. a characterization of candida albicans pho4 mutants revealed that these cells are more susceptible to both osmotic and oxidative stress and that this effect is diminished in the presence of 5% co2 or anaerobiosis, reflecting the relevance of oxygen metabolism in the pho4-mediated response. a pho4 mutant was as virulent as wild type strain when assayed in the galleria ... | 2016 | 27458452 |
| death becomes them: bacterial community dynamics and stilbene antibiotic production in cadavers of galleria mellonella killed by heterorhabditis and photorhabdus spp. | insect larvae killed by entomopathogenic nematodes are thought to contain bacterial communities dominated by a single bacterial genus, that of the nematode's bacterial symbiont. in this study, we used next-generation sequencing to profile bacterial community dynamics in greater wax moth (galleria mellonella) larvae cadavers killed by heterorhabditis nematodes and their photorhabdus symbionts. we found that, although photorhabdus strains did initially displace an enterococcus-dominated community ... | 2016 | 27451445 |
| coevolution of parasitic fungi and insect hosts. | parasitic fungi and their insect hosts provide an intriguing model system for dissecting the complex co-evolutionary processes, which result in red queen dynamics. to explore the genetic basis behind host-parasite coevolution we chose two parasitic fungi (beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae, representing the most important entomopathogenic fungi used in the biological control of pest or vector insects) and two established insect model hosts (the greater wax moth galleria mellonella and ... | 2016 | 27448694 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of antifungal drugs against paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii in a galleria mellonella model. | paracoccidioides brasiliensis and p. lutzii belong to a group of thermodimorphic fungi and cause paracoccidioidomycosis (pcm), which is a human systemic mycosis endemic in south and central america. patients with this mycosis are commonly treated with amphotericin b (amb) and azoles. the study of fungal virulence and the efficacy and toxicity of antifungal drugs has been successfully performed in a galleria mellonella infection model. in this work, g. mellonella larvae were infected with two par ... | 2016 | 27444116 |
| coronatin-2 from the entomopathogenic fungus conidiobolus coronatus kills galleria mellonella larvae and incapacitates hemocytes. | coronatin-2, a 14.5 kda protein, was isolated from culture filtrates of the entomopathogenic fungus conidiobolus coronatus (costantin) batko (entomophthoramycota: entomophthorales). after lc-ms/ms (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) analysis of the tryptic peptide digest of coronatin-2 and a mass spectra database search no orthologs of this protein could be found in fungi. the highest homology was observed to the partial translation elongation factor 1a from sphaerosporium equinum ( ... | 2017 | 27444104 |
| effector protein cig2 decreases host tolerance of infection by directing constitutive fusion of autophagosomes with the coxiella-containing vacuole. | coxiella burnetii replicates in an acidified lysosome-derived vacuole. biogenesis of the coxiella-containing vacuole (ccv) requires bacterial effector proteins delivered into host cells by the dot/icm secretion system. genetic and cell biological analysis revealed that an effector protein called cig2 promotes constitutive fusion of autophagosomes with the ccv to maintain this compartment in an autolysosomal stage of maturation. this distinguishes the ccv from other pathogen-containing vacuoles t ... | 2016 | 27435465 |
| personalized therapeutic cocktail of wild environmental phages rescues mice from acinetobacter baumannii wound infections. | multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens are an increasing threat to public health, and lytic bacteriophages have reemerged as a potential therapeutic option. in this work, we isolated and assembled a five-member cocktail of wild phages against acinetobacter baumannii and demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in a mouse full-thickness dorsal infected wound model. the cocktail lowers the bioburden in the wound, prevents the spread of infection and necrosis to surrounding tissue, and decreases infectio ... | 2016 | 27431214 |
| role of indole production on virulence of vibrio cholerae using galleria mellonella larvae model. | cell to cell communication facilitated by chemical signals plays crucial roles in regulating various cellular functions in bacteria. indole, one such signaling molecule has been demonstrated to control various bacterial phenotypes such as biofilm formation and virulence in diverse bacteria including vibrio cholerae. the present study explores some key factors involved in indole production and the subsequent pathogenesis of v. cholerae. indole production was higher at 37 °c than at 30 °c, althoug ... | 2016 | 27407302 |
| the ctsr regulator controls the expression of clpc, clpe and clpp and is required for the virulence of enterococcus faecalis in an invertebrate model. | the intrinsic ruggedness of enterococcus faecalis is responsible for its widespread distribution in nature and is often viewed as an important virulence determinant. previously, we showed that the clpb atpase is negatively regulated by ctsr and is required for thermotolerance and virulence in a galleria mellonella invertebrate model. here, we used in silico, northern blot and quantitative real-time pcr analyses to identify additional members of the ctsr regulon, namely the clpp peptidase and the ... | 2016 | 27388279 |
| ultrastructural and functional characterization of circulating hemocytes from galleria mellonella larva: cell types and their role in the innate immunity. | galleria mellonella larvae have been widely used as a model to study the virulence of various human pathogens. hemocytes play important roles in the innate immune response of g. mellonella. in this study, the hemocytes of g. mellonella larvae were analyzed by transmission electron microscope, light microscope, and cytochemistry. the cytological and morphological analyses revealed four types of hemocytes; plasmatocytes, granular cells, spherule cells and oenocytoids. differential hemocyte counts ... | 2016 | 27378036 |
| enhanced insecticidal activity of chilo iridescent virus expressing an insect specific neurotoxin. | previously we have generated a recombinant chilo iridescent virus (civ) by inserting the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) into the civ 157l open reading frame (orf) locus and showed that this recombinant (rciv-δ157l-gfp) was fully infectious both in cell culture as well as in insect larvae. this study opened up a new avenue for increasing the speed of kill of civ and other iridoviruses by inserting virulence or toxin genes into the viral genome. in the current study we constructed a recombin ... | 2016 | 27369385 |
| trehalase plays a role in macrophage colonization and virulence of burkholderia pseudomallei in insect and mammalian hosts. | trehalose is a disaccharide formed from two glucose molecules. this sugar molecule can be isolated from a range of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrates. trehalose has a variety of functions including a role as an energy storage molecule, a structural component of glycolipids and plays a role in the virulence of some microorganisms. there are many metabolic pathways that control the biosynthesis and degradation of trehalose in different organisms. the enzyme trehalase for ... | 2017 | 27367830 |
| galleria mellonella as a model host for microbiological and toxin research. | mammals are widely used by microbiologists as a model host species to study infectious diseases of humans and domesticated livestock. these studies have been pivotal for our understanding of mechanisms of virulence and have allowed the development of diagnostics, pre-treatments and therapies for disease. however, over the past decade we have seen efforts to identify organisms which can be used as alternatives to mammals for these studies. the drivers for this are complex and multifactorial and i ... | 2016 | 27362761 |
| pyrazinone protease inhibitor metabolites from photorhabdus luminescens. | photorhabdus luminescens is a bioluminescent entomopathogenic bacterium that undergoes phenotypic variation and lives in mutualistic association with nematodes of the family heterorhabditidae. the pair infects and kills insects, and during their coordinated lifecycle, the bacteria produce an assortment of specialized metabolites to regulate its mutualistic and pathogenic roles. as part of our search for new specialized metabolites from the photorhabdus genus, we examined organic extracts from p. ... | 2016 | 27353165 |
| the role of epigenetics in host-parasite coevolution: lessons from the model host insects galleria mellonella and tribolium castaneum. | recent studies addressing experimental host-parasite coevolution and transgenerational immune priming in insects provide evidence for heritable shifts in host resistance or parasite virulence. these rapid reciprocal adaptations may thus be transferred to offspring generations by either genetic changes or mechanisms that do not involve changes in the germline dna sequence. epigenetic inheritance refers to changes in gene expression that are heritable across generations and mediated by epigenetic ... | 2016 | 27341739 |
| oma1 links mitochondrial protein quality control and tor signaling to modulate physiological plasticity and cellular stress responses. | a network of conserved proteases known as the intramitochondrial quality control (imqc) system is central to mitochondrial protein homeostasis and cellular health. imqc proteases also appear to participate in establishment of signaling cues for mitochondrion-to-nucleus communication. however, little is known about this process. here, we show that in saccharomyces cerevisiae, inactivation of the membrane-bound imqc protease oma1 interferes with oxidative-stress responses through enhanced producti ... | 2016 | 27325672 |
| combination therapy with polymyxin b and netropsin against clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii. | polymyxins are last-resort antibiotics for treating infections of gram-negative bacteria. the recent emergence of polymyxin-resistant bacteria, however, urgently demands clinical optimisation of polymyxin use to minimise further evolution of resistance. in this study we developed a novel combination therapy using minimal concentrations of polymyxin b. after large-scale screening of streptomyces secondary metabolites, we identified a reliable polymixin synergist and confirmed as netropsin using h ... | 2016 | 27306928 |
| three fusarium oxysporum mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) have distinct and complementary roles in stress adaptation and cross-kingdom pathogenicity. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades mediate cellular responses to environmental signals. previous studies in the fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum have revealed a crucial role of fmk1, the mapk orthologous to saccharomyces cerevisiae fus3/kss1, in vegetative hyphal fusion and plant infection. here, we genetically dissected the individual and combined contributions of the three mapks fmk1, mpk1 and hog1 in the regulation of development, stress response and virulence of f. oxysporum ... | 2016 | 27301316 |
| comparison between superficial and solid-state cultures of isaria fumosorosea: conidial yields, quality and sensitivity to oxidant conditions. | conidia production and quality from mycoinsecticides in solid-state cultures (ssc) are frequently inferred from superficial culture (sc) results. both parameters were evaluated for two isaria fumosorosea strains (arsef 3302 and cnrcb1), in sc and ssc, using culture media with the same chemical composition. for both strains, conidia production was higher in sc than ssc in terms of conidia per gram of dry substrate. germination in both strains did not show significant differences between sc and ss ... | 2016 | 27263006 |
| heterologous expression of streptococcus mutans cnm in lactococcus lactis promotes intracellular invasion, adhesion to human cardiac tissues and virulence. | in s. mutans, the expression of the surface glycoprotein cnm mediates binding to extracellular matrix proteins, endothelial cell invasion and virulence in the galleria mellonella invertebrate model. to further characterize cnm as a virulence factor, the cnm gene from s. mutans strain omz175 was expressed in the non-pathogenic lactococcus lactis nz9800 using a nisin-inducible system. despite the absence of the machinery necessary for cnm glycosylation, western blot and immunofluorescence microsco ... | 2017 | 27260618 |
| francisella philomiragia infection and lethality in mammalian tissue culture cell models, galleria mellonella, and balb/c mice. | francisella (f.) philomiragia is a gram-negative bacterium with a preference for brackish environments that has been implicated in causing bacterial infections in near-drowning victims. the purpose of this study was to characterize the ability of f. philomiragia to infect cultured mammalian cells, a commonly used invertebrate model, and, finally, to characterize the ability of f. philomiragia to infect balb/c mice via the pulmonary (intranasal) route of infection. this study shows that f. philom ... | 2016 | 27252681 |
| galleria mellonella as a model system to assess the efficacy of antimicrobial agents against klebsiella pneumoniae infection. | 2016 | 27237961 | |
| coxiella burnetii effector cvpb modulates phosphoinositide metabolism for optimal vacuole development. | the q fever bacterium coxiella burnetii replicates inside host cells within a large coxiella-containing vacuole (ccv) whose biogenesis relies on the dot/icm-dependent secretion of bacterial effectors. several membrane trafficking pathways contribute membranes, proteins, and lipids for ccv biogenesis. these include the endocytic and autophagy pathways, which are characterized by phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [pi(3)p]-positive membranes. here we show that the c. burnetii secreted effector coxie ... | 2016 | 27226300 |
| all yersinia enterocolitica are pathogenic: virulence of phylogroup 1 y. enterocolitica in a galleria mellonella infection model. | yersinia enterocolitica is a zoonotic pathogen and a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. the species is composed of six diverse phylogroups, of which strains of phylogroup 1 are considered non-pathogenic to mammals due to the lack of the major virulence plasmid pyv, and their lack of virulence in a mouse infection model. in the present report we present data examining the pathogenicity of strains of y. enterocolitica across all six phylogroups in a galleria mellonellla model. we have demo ... | 2016 | 27221796 |
| virulence characterisation of salmonella enterica isolates of differing antimicrobial resistance recovered from uk livestock and imported meat samples. | salmonella enterica is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen of significant public health concern. we have characterized the virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene content of 95 salmonella isolates from 11 serovars by dna microarray recovered from uk livestock or imported meat. genes encoding resistance to sulphonamides (sul1, sul2), tetracycline [tet(a), tet(b)], streptomycin (stra, strb), aminoglycoside (aada1, aada2), beta-lactam (bla tem), and trimethoprim (dfra17) were common. virulence gene c ... | 2016 | 27199965 |
| impact of blandm-1 on fitness and pathogenicity of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. | the objective of this study was to determine whether acquisition of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (ndm-1) has an impact on the fitness and virulence of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. growth kinetics and the cost of fitness of ndm-1 plasmid carriage were assessed in isogenic e. coli j53 and k. pneumoniae prz in vitro by pairwise competition assays. the pathogenicity of ndm-1-expressing e. coli and k. pneumoniae strains and their isogenic controls was analysed in vivo using a galler ... | 2016 | 27179815 |
| corrigendum: impact of resistance to fluconazole on virulence and morphological aspects of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii isolates. | [this corrects the article on p. 153 in vol. 7, pmid: 26909069.]. | 2016 | 27148225 |
| evaluation of galleria mellonella larvae as an in vivo model for assessing the relative toxicity of food preservative agents. | larvae of galleria mellonella are widely used for evaluating the virulence of microbial pathogens and for measuring the efficacy of anti-microbial agents and produce results comparable to those that can be obtained using mammals. in this work, the suitability of using g. mellonella larvae to measure the relative toxicity of a variety of food preservatives was evaluated. the response of larvae to eight commonly used food preservatives (potassium nitrate, potassium nitrite, potassium sorbate, sodi ... | 2016 | 27122324 |
| galleria mellonella larvae are capable of sensing the extent of priming agent and mounting proportionatal cellular and humoral immune responses. | larvae of galleria mellonella are useful models for studying the innate immunity of invertebrates or for evaluating the virulence of microbial pathogens. in this work, we demonstrated that prior exposure of g. mellonella larvae to high doses (1×10(4), 1×10(5) or 1×10(6) cells/larva) of heat-killed photorhabdus luminescens tt01 increases the resistance of larvae to a lethal dose (50 cells/larva) of viable p. luminescens tt01 infection administered 48h later. we also found that the changes in immu ... | 2016 | 27107784 |
| the potential of the galleria mellonella innate immune system is maximized by the co-presentation of diverse antimicrobial peptides. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are ubiquitous components of the insect innate immune system. the model insect galleria mellonella has at least 18 amps, some of which are still uncharacterized in terms of antimicrobial activity. to determine why g. mellonella secretes a repertoire of distinct amps following an immune challenge, we selected three different amps: cecropin a (ceca), gallerimycin and cobatoxin. we found that cobatoxin was active against micrococcus luteus at a minimum inhibitory conce ... | 2016 | 27105487 |
| long-term effects of single and combined introductions of antibiotics and bacteriophages on populations of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | with escalating resistance to antibiotics, there is an urgent need to develop alternative therapies against bacterial pathogens and pests. one of the most promising is the employment of bacteriophages (phages), which may be highly specific and evolve to counter antiphage resistance. despite an increased understanding of how phages interact with bacteria, we know very little about how their interactions may be modified in antibiotic environments and, reciprocally, how phage may affect the evoluti ... | 2016 | 27099623 |
| in vivo efficacy of trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and thymol in attenuating listeria monocytogenes infection in a galleria mellonella model. | listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen that causes life-threatening illnesses in humans. with emergence of antibiotic resistance in l. monocytogenes, there is considerable interest in testing the efficacy of alternative therapies for controlling listeriosis in humans. this study investigated the efficacy of three phytochemicals, namely trans-cinnamaldehyde (tc), carvacrol (cr), and thymol (ty) in reducing l. monocytogenes virulence in the recently established invertebrate model, ga ... | 2016 | 27094514 |
| the lipid composition of legionella dumoffii membrane modulates the interaction with galleria mellonella apolipophorin iii. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii), an insect homologue of human apolipoprotein e (apoe), is a widely used model protein in studies on protein-lipid interactions, and anti-legionella activity of galleria mellonella apolp-iii has been documented. interestingly, exogenous choline-cultured legionella dumoffii cells are considerably more susceptible to apolp-iii than non-supplemented bacteria. in order to explain these differences, we performed, for the first time, a detailed analysis of l. dumoffii lipi ... | 2016 | 27094351 |
| the acinetobacter baumannii two-component system aders regulates genes required for multidrug efflux, biofilm formation, and virulence in a strain-specific manner. | the opportunistic pathogen acinetobacter baumannii is able to persist in the environment and is often multidrug resistant (mdr), causing difficulties in the treatment of infections. here, we show that the two-component system aders, which regulates the production of the adeabc multidrug resistance efflux pump, is required for the formation of a protective biofilm in an ex vivo porcine mucosal model, which mimics a natural infection of the human epithelium. interestingly, deletion of adeb impacte ... | 2016 | 27094331 |
| in silico and bio assay of juvenile hormone analogs as an insect growth regulator against galleria mellonella (wax moth) - part i. | juvenile hormone (jh) analogs are nowadays in use to control harmful pests. in order to develop new bioactive molecules as potential pesticides, we have incorporated different active structural features like sulfonamide, aromatic rings, amide group, and amino acid moiety to the base structure. we have screened a series of designed novel jh analogs against jh receptor protein (jhbpgm-2rck) of galleria mellonella in comparison to commercial insect growth regulators (igrs) - pyriproxyfen (t1) and f ... | 2016 | 27070862 |
| sericin composition in the silk of antheraea yamamai. | the silks produced by caterpillars consist of fibroin proteins that form two core filaments, and sericin proteins that seal filaments into a fiber and conglutinate fibers in the cocoon. sericin genes are well-known in bombyx mori (bombycidae) but have received little attention in other insects. this paper shows that antheraea yamamai (saturniidae) contains five sericin genes very different from the three sericin genes of b. mori. in spite of differences, all known sericins are characterized by s ... | 2016 | 27049111 |
| immuno-physiological adaptations confer wax moth galleria mellonella resistance to bacillus thuringiensis. | microevolutionary mechanisms of resistance to a bacterial pathogen were explored in a population of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, selected for an 8.8-fold increased resistance against the entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) compared with a non-selected (suspectible) line. defense strategies of the resistant and susceptible insect lines were compared to uncover mechanisms underpinning resistance, and the possible cost of those survival strategies. in the uninfected ... | 2016 | 27029421 |
| evolution of virulence in photorhabdus spp., entomopathogenic nematode symbionts. | photorhabdus is a genus of gram-negative bacteria belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family. in addition to forming a mutualistic relationship with the heterorhabditidae family of nematodes, these bacteria are the causal agent of insect mortality during nematode infection, and are commonly used as biocontrol agents against pest insects in managed ecosystems. there are three described species of photorhabdus; photorhabdus luminescens and photorhabdus temperata, which are strictly entomopathogens ... | 2016 | 27020955 |
| characterization of surface antigen protein 1 (sura1) from acinetobacter baumannii and its role in virulence and fitness. | acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacillus that causes nosocomial infections, such as bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis and urinary tract and wound infections. in the present study, the surface antigen protein 1 (sura1) gene of a. baumannii strain ccggd201101 was identified, cloned and expressed, and then its roles in fitness and virulence were investigated. virulence was observed in the human lung cancer cell lines a549 and hep-2 at one week after treatment with recombinant sura1. ... | 2016 | 27016767 |
| genetic & virulence profiling of esbl-positive e. coli from nosocomial & veterinary sources. | ctx-m genes are the most prevalent esbl globally, infiltrating nosocomial, community and environmental settings. wild and domesticated animals may act as effective vectors for the dissemination of ctx-producing enterobacteriaceae. this study aimed to contextualise blactx-m-14-positive, cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteriaceae human infections and compared resistance and pathogenicity markers with veterinary isolates. epidemiologically related human (n=18) and veterinary (n=4) blactx-m-14-posit ... | 2016 | 27016755 |
| virulence of cryptococcus sp. biofilms in vitro and in vivo using galleria mellonella as an alternative model. | cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii are fungal pathogens that are most commonly found in infections of the central nervous system, which cause life-threatening meningoencephalitis and can grow as a biofilm. biofilms are structures conferring protection and resistance of microorganism to the antifungal drugs. this study compared the virulence of planktonic and biofilm cells of c. neoformans and c. gattii in galleria mellonella model, as well as, the quantification of gene transcripts lac1, ure1 ... | 2016 | 27014214 |
| fish oils against burkholderia and pseudomonas aeruginosa: in vitro efficacy and their therapeutic and prophylactic effects on infected galleria mellonella larvae. | this study investigates the antimicrobial effects of fish oil-based formulas rich in omega-3 fatty acids (free fatty acids, ethyl esters or triacylglycerols), against cystic fibrosis (cf) pathogens (burkholderia cenocepacia k56-2 and pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1), often resistant to multiple antibiotics. | 2016 | 27012860 |
| eugenol in combination with lactic acid bacteria attenuates listeria monocytogenes virulence in vitro and in invertebrate model galleria mellonella. | listeria monocytogenes is a human enteric pathogen that causes severe foodborne illness in high-risk populations. crossing the intestinal barrier is the first critical step for listeria monocytogenes infection. therefore, reducing l. monocytogenes colonization and invasion of intestinal epithelium and production of virulence factors could potentially control listeriosis in humans. this study investigated the efficacy of sub-inhibitory concentration (sic) of the plant-derived antimicrobial eugeno ... | 2016 | 27002648 |
| distinct roles of myosins in aspergillus fumigatus hyphal growth and pathogenesis. | myosins are a family of actin-based motor proteins found in many organisms and are categorized into classes based on their structures. class ii and v myosins are known to be important for critical cellular processes, including cytokinesis, endocytosis, exocytosis, and organelle trafficking, in the model fungi saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus nidulans however, the roles of myosins in the growth and virulence of the pathogen aspergillus fumigatus are unknown. we constructed single- and dou ... | 2016 | 26953327 |
| effect of storage temperature and duration on survival and infectivity of steinernema innovationi (rhabditida: steinernematidae). | entomopathogenic nematode species differ in their optimum storage temperature; therefore, we conducted a study on the survival and infectivity of the recently described steinernema innovationi from south africa at five storage temperatures (5°c, 10°c, 15°c, 20°c, and 25°c) over 84 d using 20,000 infective juveniles (ij) in 25 ml aqueous suspension containing 0.1% formalin. our results showed that survival was highest and most stable at 15°c, ranging from 84% to 88% after 84 d. infectivity of ij ... | 2015 | 26941462 |
| the rcs regulon in proteus mirabilis: implications for motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. | the overall role of the rcs phosphorelay in proteus mirabilis is largely unknown. previous work had demonstrated that the rcs phosphorelay represses the flhdc operon and activates the mincde cell division inhibition system. to identify additional cellular functions regulated by the rcs phosphorelay, an analysis of rna-seq data was undertaken. in this report, the results of the rna-sequencing are discussed with an emphasis on the predicted roles of the rcs phosphorelay in swarmer cell differentia ... | 2016 | 26936153 |
| effective immunosuppression with dexamethasone phosphate in the galleria mellonella larva infection model resulting in enhanced virulence of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. | the aim was to evaluate whether immunosuppression with dexamethasone 21-phosphate could be applied to the galleria mellonella in vivo infection model. characterised clinical isolates of escherichia coli or klebsiella pneumoniae were employed, and g. mellonella larvae were infected with increasing doses of each strain to investigate virulence in vivo. virulence was then compared with larvae exposed to increasing doses of dexamethasone 21-phosphate. the effect of dexamethasone 21-phosphate on larv ... | 2016 | 26920133 |
| impact of resistance to fluconazole on virulence and morphological aspects of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii isolates. | cryptococcus sp. are responsible for around 1 million cases of meningitis every year. fluconazole (flu) is commonly used in the treatment of cryptococcosis, mainly in immunocompromised patients and the resistance is usually reported after long periods of treatment. in this study, the morphological characterization and virulence profile of flu-susceptible and flu-resistant clinical and environmental isolates of c. neoformans and c. gattii were performed both in vitro and in vivo using the galleri ... | 2016 | 26909069 |
| enhanced efficacy of imipenem-colistin combination therapy against multiple-drug-resistant enterobacter cloacae: in vitro activity and a galleria mellonella model. | to investigate the in vitro and in vivo activity of imipenem-colistin combination against multidrug-resistant enterobacter cloacae infections in order to determine whether it should be explored further. | 2016 | 26906264 |
| the two-component system cpxra negatively regulates the locus of enterocyte effacement of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli involving σ(32) and lon protease. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) is a significant cause of serious human gastrointestinal disease worldwide. ehec strains contain a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee), which encodes virulence factors responsible for damaging the gut mucosa. the cpx envelope stress response of e. coli is controlled by a two-component system (tcs) consisting of a sensor histidine kinase (cpxa) and a cytoplasmic response regulator (cpxr). in this study, we investigated the ... | 2016 | 26904510 |
| multifaceted effects of host plants on entomopathogenic nematodes. | the success of parasites can be impacted by multi-trophic interactions. tritrophic interactions have been observed in parasite-herbivore-host plant systems. here we investigate aspects of multi-trophic interactions in a system involving an entomopathogenic nematode (epn), its insect host, and host plant. novel issues investigated include the impact of tritrophic interactions on nematode foraging behavior, the ability of epns to overcome negative tritrophic effects through genetic selection, and ... | 2016 | 26896698 |
| the campylobacter jejuni ferric uptake regulator promotes acid survival and cross-protection against oxidative stress. | campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. the mechanisms by which c. jejuni survives stomach acidity remain undefined. in the present study, we demonstrated that the c. jejuni ferric uptake regulator (fur) plays an important role in c. jejuni acid survival and acid-induced cross-protection against oxidative stress. a c. jejuni δfur mutant was more sensitive to acid than the wild-type strain. profiling of the acid stimulon of the c. jejuni δfur mu ... | 2016 | 26883589 |
| application of dual inhibition concept within looped autoregulatory systems toward antivirulence agents against pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. | pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing (qs) is a sophisticated network of genome-wide regulation triggered in response to population density. a major component is the self-inducing pseudomonas quinolone signal (pqs) qs system that regulates the production of several nonvital virulence- and biofilm-related determinants. hence, qs circuitry is an attractive target for antivirulence agents with lowered resistance development potential and a good model to study the concept of polypharmacology in auto ... | 2016 | 26882081 |
| distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in lower northern thailand. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) are used successfully for biological control of subterranean larval pests leading to reduced environmental contamination if chemical control measures are employed. their diversity and distribution in thailand are unclear, so the present study sought to obtain a better understanding these epn populations in the lower northern region of thailand. we collected 930 soil samples from 186 sites of kamphaeng phet, nakhon sawan, phetchabun, phichit, phitsanulok, sukhoth ... | 2015 | 26867375 |
| katg and kate confer acinetobacter resistance to hydrogen peroxide but sensitize bacteria to killing by phagocytic respiratory burst. | catalase catalyzes the degradation of h2o2. acinetobacter species have four predicted catalase genes, kata, kate, katg, and katx. the aims of the present study seek to determine which catalase(s) plays a predominant role in determining the resistance to h2o2, and to assess the role of catalase in acinetobacter virulence. | 2016 | 26860891 |
| pathogenicity of candida albicans isolates from bloodstream and mucosal candidiasis assessed in mice and galleria mellonella. | the working hypothesis of this study was to elucidate a possible association between the pathogenic potential of candida albicans strains with a clinical entity, systemic versus superficial candidiasis. specifically, we assessed the pathogenicity of two groups of clinical c. albicans isolates: isolates from bloodstream infection (s) versus isolates from vaginitis patients (m), in two experimental in vivo systems - mice and galleria melonella, in comparison to a control strain (cbs 562). mice and ... | 2016 | 26852192 |
| immunity of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella. | investigation of insect immune mechanisms provides important information concerning innate immunity, which in many aspects is conserved in animals. this is one of the reasons why insects serve as model organisms to study virulence mechanisms of human pathogens. from the evolutionary point of view, we also learn a lot about host-pathogen interaction and adaptation of organisms to conditions of life. additionally, insect-derived antibacterial and antifungal peptides and proteins are considered for ... | 2016 | 26847724 |
| analysis of sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto and sporothrix brasiliensis virulence in galleria mellonella. | the study of the host-pathogen interaction is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying adhesion, colonization and tissue damage by pathogens. this is usually achieved by performing in vivo studies using small mammals, such as rats, mice and guinea pigs. nowadays, the mouse models of systemic or subcutaneous infection are the gold standard assays to analyze the virulence of members of the sporothrix schenckii complex. there are, however, invertebrates that have been recently used as alte ... | 2016 | 26826293 |
| comprehensive physiology and toxicology of ecdysogens--the metabolically activated porphyrin-ecdysteroid complexes in insects. | the polyhydroxylated derivatives of 6-keto,7-dehydrocholesterol (ecdysone, ecdysteroids, ecd) are natural compounds widely distributed in plants. they exhibit strong anabolic, vitamin d-like, pharmacological effects in vertebrate animals and in the human body. in the larval stages of insects, injections of pure ecd cause serious pathophysiological, "hyperecdysonic" syndromes associated with neuromuscular paralysis, premature cuticular apolysis and complete inhibition of ecdysis. ecds do not pene ... | 2016 | 26802554 |
| galleria mellonella: an invertebrate model to study pathogenicity in correctly defined fungal species. | the high mortality rates and economic burden associated with fungal infections, plus the emergence of fungal strains resistant to antifungal drugs, make it necessary to get a deeper understanding of fungal pathogenesis, as well as to identify new target structures for antifungal drug development. still, murine models are considered as the gold standard for studying pathogenesis, quantifying virulence, and analysing the efficacy of antifungal drugs. however, invertebrates, such as the larvae of t ... | 2016 | 26781383 |
| medically relevant acinetobacter species require a type ii secretion system and specific membrane-associated chaperones for the export of multiple substrates and full virulence. | acinetobacter baumannii, a. nosocomialis, and a. pittii have recently emerged as opportunistic human pathogens capable of causing severe human disease; however, the molecular mechanisms employed by acinetobacter to cause disease remain poorly understood. many pathogenic members of the genus acinetobacter contain genes predicted to encode proteins required for the biogenesis of a type ii secretion system (t2ss), which have been shown to mediate virulence in many gram-negative organisms. here we d ... | 2016 | 26764912 |
| different food sources elicit fast changes to bacterial virulence. | environmentally transmitted, opportunistic bacterial pathogens have a life cycle that alternates between hosts and environmental reservoirs. resources are often scarce and fluctuating in the outside-host environment, whereas overcoming the host immune system could allow pathogens to establish a new, resource abundant and stable niche within the host. we tested if short-term exposure to different outside-host resource types and concentrations affect serratia marcescens-(bacterium)'s virulence in ... | 2016 | 26763215 |
| phenotypic switching of candida tropicalis is associated with cell damage in epithelial cells and virulence in galleria mellonella model. | 2016 | 26760314 | |
| identification and characterization of haemofungin, a novel antifungal compound that inhibits the final step of haem biosynthesis. | during recent decades, the number of invasive fungal infections among immunosuppressed patients has increased significantly, whereas the number of effective systemic antifungal drugs remains low and unsatisfactory. the aim of this study was to characterize a novel antifungal compound, cw-8/haemofungin, which we previously identified in a screen for compounds affecting fungal cell wall integrity. | 2016 | 26747101 |
| galleria mellonella infection models for the study of bacterial diseases and for antimicrobial drug testing. | galleria mellonella (greater wax moth or honeycomb moth) has been introduced as an alternative model to study microbial infections. g. mellonella larvae can be easily and inexpensively obtained in large numbers and are simple to use as they don't require special lab equipment. there are no ethical constraints and their short life cycle makes them ideal for large-scale studies. although insects lack an adaptive immune response, their innate immune response shows remarkable similarities with the i ... | 2016 | 26730990 |
| activity of levofloxacin in combination with colistin against acinetobacter baumannii: in vitro and in a galleria mellonella model. | treatment of acinetobacter baumannii infections is challenging owing to widespread multidrug-resistant a. baumannii (mdr-ab) and the lack of novel agents. although recent data suggest that levofloxacin (lvx) may have unique activity against mdr-ab in combination with colistin (cst), further preclinical work is needed. | 2015 | 26725481 |
| mas5, a homologue of bacterial dnaj, is indispensable for the host infection and environmental adaptation of a filamentous fungal insect pathogen. | mas5, a yeast heat shock protein classified to the hsp40 group, is homologous to bacterial archetype dnaj but functionally unexplored in filamentous fungi. here we identify a mas5 homologue (46.86 kda) in beauveria bassiana and show its indispensability for host infection and environmental adaptation of the fungal insect pathogen. the deletion of mas5 caused severe defects in aerial conidiation, conidial germination and submerged blastospore production (mimic to host haemocoel). the deletion mut ... | 2016 | 26714790 |
| sequential evolution of vancomycin-intermediate resistance alters virulence in staphylococcus aureus: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets for vancomycin exposure. | staphylococcus aureus possesses exceptional virulence and a remarkable ability to adapt in the face of antibiotic therapy. we examined the in vitro evolution of s. aureus in response to escalating vancomycin exposure by evaluating bacterial killing and the progression of resistance. a hollow-fiber infection model was utilized to simulate human doses of vancomycin increasing from 0.5 to 4 g every 12 h (q12h) versus a high inoculum (10(8) cfu/ml) of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) usa300 an ... | 2015 | 26711763 |
| the endospore-forming pathogen bacillus cereus exploits a small colony variant-based diversification strategy in response to aminoglycoside exposure. | bacillus cereus is among the microorganisms most often isolated from cases of food spoilage and causes gastrointestinal diseases as well as nongastrointestinal infections elicited by the emetic toxin cereulide, enterotoxins, and a panel of tissue-destructive virulence factors. this opportunistic pathogen is increasingly associated with rapidly fatal clinical infections especially linked to neonates and immunocompromised individuals. fatality results from either the misdiagnosis of b. cereus as a ... | 2015 | 26646008 |
| synthesis, antibacterial and anti-mrsa activity, in vivo toxicity and a structure-activity relationship study of a quinoline thiourea. | we report the synthesis, antibacterial evaluation of a series of thiourea-containing compounds. 1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-((s)-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)-((1s,2s,4s,5r)-5-vinylquinuclidin-2-yl)methyl)thiourea 5, was the most active against a range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and exhibited bacteriostatic activity against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) comparable to that of the well-known antibacterial agent vancomycin. quinoline thiourea 5 was subject ... | 2016 | 26639761 |
| targeted gene disruption in candida parapsilosis demonstrates a role for cpar2_404800 in adhesion to a biotic surface and in a murine model of ascending urinary tract infection. | candida parapsilosis is an emerging opportunistic pathogen, second in frequency only to c. albicans and commonly associated with both mucosal and systemic infections. adhesion to biotic surfaces is a key step for the development of mycoses. the c. parapsilosis genome encodes 5 predicted agglutinin-like sequence proteins and their precise role in the adhesion process still remains to be elucidated. in this study, we focused on the putative adhesin cpar2_404800, in view of its high homology to the ... | 2016 | 26632333 |
| identification and characterization of an insect toxin protein, bb70p, from the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, using galleria mellonella as a model system. | an insect-toxic protein, bb70p, was purified from beauveria bassiana 70 using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. bb70p has a high affinity for anion exchangers and 2d electrophoresis results revealed a single spot with a molecular weight of 35.5 kda and an iso-electric point of ∼4.5. bb70p remains active from 4 to 60°c, within a ph range of 4-10, but is more active in slightly acidic ph. a pure protein, bb70p does not have any carbohydrate side chain ... | 2016 | 26592942 |
| tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in burkholderia cenocepacia affect biofilm formation, growth under nutritional deprivation, and pathogenicity. | burkholderia cenocepacia, a member of the b. cepacia complex (bcc), is an opportunistic pathogen causing serious chronic infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. tyrosine phosphorylation has emerged as an important posttranslational modification modulating the physiology and pathogenicity of bcc bacteria. here, we investigated the predicted bacterial tyrosine kinases bcam1331 and bcef and the low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatases bcam0208, bced, and bcal2200 of b. cenocepacia k5 ... | 2016 | 26590274 |
| reduced entomopathogen abundance in myrmica ant nests-testing a possible immunological benefit of myrmecophily using galleria mellonella as a model. | social insects such as ants have evolved collective rather than individual immune defence strategies against diseases and parasites at the level of their societies (colonies), known as social immunity. ants frequently host other arthropods, so-called myrmecophiles, in their nests. here, we tested the hypothesis that myrmecophily may partly arise from selection for exploiting the ants' social immunity. we used larvae of the wax moth galleria mellonella as 'model myrmecophiles' (baits) to test thi ... | 2015 | 26587252 |
| geographically predominant genotypes of aspergillus terreus species complex in austria: s microsatellite typing study. | aspergillus terreus species complex is recognized as a frequent agent of invasive aspergillosis in tyrol. the reason for this specific epidemiological situation is unclear. aspergillus terreus strains isolated from environmental and clinical sources were genotyped using a novel panel of short tandem repeats and were evaluated for virulence. three major endemic genotypes collected from the inn region and its side valleys were found to cause the majority of invasive a. terreus infections. all of t ... | 2016 | 26577144 |
| characteristics, clinical relevance, and the role of echinocandins in fungal-bacterial interactions. | fungal-bacterial interactions are common in the environment. the interactions between invasive fungi (eg, candida species and aspergillus species) and pathogenic bacteria can be particularly significant in the outcome of human infections. study of these interactions in vivo using murine or invertebrate models, such as caenorhabditis elegans or galleria mellonella, has been very helpful in increasing our understanding of the pathogenesis of mixed infections and in identifying ways to use this bet ... | 2015 | 26567281 |
| joint transcriptional control of virulence and resistance to antibiotic and environmental stress in acinetobacter baumannii. | the increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens represents a serious risk to human health and the entire health care system. many currently circulating strains of acinetobacter baumannii exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics. a key limitation in combating a. baumannii is that our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of a. baumannii is lacking. to identify potential virulence determinants of a contemporary multidrug-resistant isolate of a ... | 2015 | 26556274 |
| comparison of virulence between paracoccidioides brasiliensis and paracoccidioides lutzii using galleria mellonella as a host model. | paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis, endemic in latin america. the etiologic agents of this mycosis are composed of 2 species: paracoccidioides brasiliensis and p. lutzii. murine animal models are the gold standard for in vivo studies; however, ethical, economical and logistical considerations limit their use. galleria mellonella is a suitable model for in vivo studies of fungal infections. in this study, we compared the virulence of p. brasiliensis and p. lutzii in g. mellonella model. ... | 2015 | 26552324 |
| host and symbiont jointly control gut microbiota during complete metamorphosis. | holometabolous insects undergo a radical anatomical re-organisation during metamorphosis. this poses a developmental challenge: the host must replace the larval gut but at the same time retain symbiotic gut microbes and avoid infection by opportunistic pathogens. by manipulating host immunity and bacterial competitive ability, we study how the host galleria mellonella and the symbiotic bacterium enterococcus mundtii interact to manage the composition of the microbiota during metamorphosis. disen ... | 2015 | 26544881 |
| lightning up the worm: how to probe fungal virulence in an alternative mini-host by bioluminescence. | 2015 | 26537579 | |
| viability and virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes exposed to ultraviolet radiation. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) can be highly effective biocontrol agents, but their efficacy can be reduced due to exposure to environmental stress such as from ultraviolet (uv) radiation. our objectives were to 1) compare uv tolerance among a broad array of epn species, and 2) investigate the relationship between reduced nematode viability (after exposure to uv) and virulence. nematodes exposed to a uv radiation (254 nm) for 10 or 20 min were assessed separately for viability (survival) and ... | 2015 | 26527839 |
| erratum to: micafungin elicits an immunomodulatory effect in galleria mellonella and mice. | 2016 | 26525974 | |
| in vivo activity of vancomycin combined with colistin against multidrug-resistant strains of acinetobacter baumannii in a galleria mellonella model. | with increasing antibiotic resistance, the selection of effective treatment of a. baumannii infections is particularly challenging. | 2016 | 26503239 |
| backbone and side chain chemical shift assignments of apolipophorin iii from galleria mellonella. | apolipophorin iii, a 163 residue monomeric protein from the greater wax moth galleria mellonella (abbreviated as apolp-iiigm), has roles in upregulating expression of antimicrobial proteins as well as binding and deforming bacterial membranes. due to its similarity to vertebrate apolipoproteins there is interest in performing atomic resolution analysis of apolp-iiigm as part of an effort to better understand its mechanism of action in innate immunity. in the first step towards structural charact ... | 2016 | 26493308 |
| reduced fitness in adults from larval, galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) reared on media amended with the antihelmintic, mebendazole. | benzimidazole antihelmintics, including mebendazole, have a broad antiparasitic spectrum. these drugs play a major role in the treatments of parasites of intestines or other organs of vertebrates, humans, and other animals.the impact of mebendazole on the biology of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.), was assessed by observation of several developmental parameters as follows: survivorship, developmental time, and adult longevity. sublethal toxicity was measured through reproductive p ... | 2016 | 26491189 |
| eicosanoids mediate galleria mellonella immune response to hemocoel injection of entomopathogenic nematode cuticles. | entomopathogenic nematodes are symbiotically associated with bacteria and widely used in biological control of insect pests. the interference of symbiotic bacteria with insect host immune responses is fairly well documented. however, knowledge of mechanisms regulating parasite–host interactions still remains fragmentary. in this study, we used nematode (steinernema carpocapsae and heterorhabditis bacteriophora) cuticles and galleria mellonella larvae as parasite–host model, focused on the change ... | 2016 | 26472713 |
| evaluation of insecticides, entomopathogenic nematodes, and physical soil barriers for control of diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) in citrus. | the diaprepes root weevil, diaprepes abbreviatus l. (coleoptera: curculionidae), was discovered as the cause of early decline and death of citrus trees and ornamental plants along coastal orange and los angeles counties in 2005 and san diego county in 2006. we established trials to evaluate the effectiveness of two tactics to manage life stages of diaprepes root weevil that are found in the soil. the first tactic was soil applications of the pesticides bifenthrin or imidacloprid, with and withou ... | 2014 | 26470079 |
| helix 1 tryptophan variants in galleria mellonella apolipophorin iii. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) from galleria mellonella is a critical apolipoprotein aiding in lipid transport and has gained considerable interest for a role in innate immunity. both functions are likely related and form the rationale to gain a more detailed understanding of the lipid binding properties of this insect apolipoprotein. tryptophan residues were introduced at positions 16, 20 or 24, all in helix 1 as it may play a critical role in the initial steps of lipid binding. steady-state flu ... | 2015 | 26462904 |
| tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) as an alternative host to study fungal infections. | models of host–pathogen interactions are crucial for the analysis of microbial pathogenesis. in this context, invertebrate hosts, including drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) and galleria mellonella (moth), have been used to study the pathogenesis of fungi and bacteria. each of these organisms offers distinct benefits in elucidating host–pathogen interactions. in this study,we present a newinvertebrate infection model to study fungal infections: the tenebrio m ... | 2015 | 26453946 |
| campylobacter jejuni outer membrane vesicle-associated proteolytic activity promotes bacterial invasion by mediating cleavage of intestinal epithelial cell e-cadherin and occludin. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) play an important role in the pathogenicity of gram-negative bacteria. campylobacter jejuni produces omvs that trigger il-8, il-6, hbd-3 and tnf-α responses from t84 intestinal epithelial cells and are cytotoxic to caco-2 iecs and galleria mellonella larvae. proteomic analysis of 11168h omvs identified the presence of three proteases, htra, cj0511 and cj1365c. in this study, 11168h omvs were shown to possess proteolytic activity that was reduced by pretreatment wit ... | 2016 | 26451973 |
| pancreatic amylase is an environmental signal for regulation of biofilm formation and host interaction in campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is a commensal bacterium in the intestines of animals and birds and a major cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. here we show that exposure to pancreatic amylase leads to secretion of an α-dextran by c. jejuni and that a secreted protease, cj0511, is required. exposure of c. jejuni to pancreatic amylase promotes biofilm formation in vitro, increases interaction with human epithelial cell lines, increases virulence in the galleria mellonella infection mode ... | 2015 | 26438798 |
| no evidence for priming response in galleria mellonella larvae exposed to toxin protein pira2b2 from photorhabdus luminescens tt01: an association with the inhibition of the host cellular immunity. | there is accumulating evidence that many invertebrates including insects can acquire enhanced immune protection against subsequently pathogens infection through immune priming. however, whether the toxin protein from pathogenic bacteria can induce such priming response remains unclear. here we cloned, expressed and purified the toxin photorhabdus insect-related proteins a2b2 (pira2b2) from photorhabdus luminescens tt01. we primed galleria mellonella with sublethal dose of pira2b2 and then challe ... | 2015 | 26432910 |