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biosynthesis of 12α-and 13-hydroxylated gibberellins in a cell-free system from cucurbita maxima endosperm and the identification of new endogenous gibberellins.gibberellin (ga) biosynthesis in cell-free systems from cucurbita maxima l. endosperm was reinvestigated using incubation conditions different from those employed in previous work. the metabolism of ga12 yielded ga13, ga43 and 12α-hydroxyga43 as major products, ga4, ga37, ga39, ga46 and four unidentified compounds as minor products. the intermediates ga15, ga24 and ga25 accumulated at low protein concentrations. the structure of the previously uncharacterised 12α-hydroxyga43 was inferred from it ...199324178490
characterization of the pumpkin translationally-controlled tumor protein cmtctp.in higher plants, the phloem plays a central role in the delivery of nutrients and signals from source to sink tissues. these signals likely coordinate different aspects of plant development, as well as its response to environmental cues. although some phloem-transported proteins and rnas may function as signaling molecules in plants, their mode of action remains poorly understood. previous analysis of transcripts from cmv-infected pumpkin (cucurbita maxima cv big max) identified a translational ...201324065051
pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) seed proteins: sequential extraction processing and fraction characterization.seed proteins extracted from tunisian pumpkin seeds ( cucurbita maxima ) were investigated for their solubility properties and sequentially extracted according to the osborne procedure. the solubility of pumpkin proteins from seed flour was greatly influenced by ph changes and ionic strength, with higher values in the alkaline ph regions. it also depends on the seed defatting solvent. protein solubility was decreased by using chloroform/methanol (cm) for lipid extraction instead of pentane (p). ...201323869935
three new multiflorane-type triterpenes from pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) seeds.three new multiflorane-type triterpenes; 7a-methoxymultiflor-8-ene-3a,29-diol 3-acetate-29-benzoate (1), 7-oxomultiflor-8-ene-3a,29-diol 3-acetate-29-benzoate (2), and multiflora-7,9(11)-diene-3a,29-diol 3-p-hydroxybenzoate-29-benzoate (3), were isolated from seeds of cucurbita maxima, along with three known compounds. compound 3 and multiflora-7,9(11)-diene-3a-29-diol 3-benzoate (5) exhibited potent inhibitory effects on melanogenesis, with low cytotoxicities, and 2 exhibited single-digit micro ...201323673529
characteristics of antioxidant activity and composition of pumpkin seed oils in 12 cultivars.the objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant properties, and provide characteristics, of the oil obtained from the seeds of 12 pumpkin varieties belonging to the species cucurbita maxima duch. and cucurbita pepo l. another objective was to establish which of the two extracting agents, ethanol or methanol, is more effective. the seeds of the pumpkin varieties examined differ in chemical composition and antioxidant activity. the seeds of the cultivars belonging to the species c. ma ...201323561092
in vivo metabolism of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (bde-47) in young whole pumpkin plant.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are widely distributed persistent organic pollutants. in vitro and in vivo research using various animal models have shown that pbdes might be transformed to hydroxylated pbdes, but there are few studies on in vivo metabolism of pbdes by intact whole plants. in this research, pumpkin plants (cucurbita maxima × c. moschata) were hydroponically exposed to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (bde-47). a debromination product (bde-28) and four hydroxylated metab ...201323510101
microplot evaluation of rootstocks for control of meloidogyne incognita on grafted tomato, muskmelon, and watermelon.microplot experiments were conducted over two years (four growing seasons) to evaluate meloidogyne incognita resistance in rootstocks used for grafted tomato (solanum lycopersicum), muskmelon (cucumis melo), and watermelon (citrullus lanatus). three tomato rootstocks; 'tx301', 'multifort', and 'aloha', were tested in addition to the nongrafted scion, 'florida-47'. two muskmelon rootstocks; cucumis metuliferus and 'tetsukabuto' (cucurbita maxima × cucurbita moschata) were evaluated with the nongr ...201123431109
dissoconiaceae associated with sooty blotch and flyspeck on fruits in china and the united states.zasmidium angulare, a novel species of mycosphaerellaceae, and several novel taxa that reside in dissoconiaceae, were identified from a collection of apples and cucurbita maxima (cv. blue hubbard) from china and the usa that exhibited sooty blotch and flyspeck (sbfs) signs on their host substrata. morphology on fruit surfaces and in culture, and phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal dnas 28s and internal transcribed spacer regions, as well as partial translation elongation factor 1-alph ...201223105157
deciphering systemic wound responses of the pumpkin extrafascicular phloem by metabolomics and stable isotope-coded protein labeling.in cucurbits, phloem latex exudes from cut sieve tubes of the extrafascicular phloem (efp), serving in defense against herbivores. we analyzed inducible defense mechanisms in the efp of pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) after leaf damage. as an early systemic response, wounding elicited transient accumulation of jasmonates and a decrease in exudation probably due to partial sieve tube occlusion by callose. the energy status of the efp was enhanced as indicated by increased levels of atp, phosphate, and ...201223085839
overexpression of arabidopsis plasmodesmata germin-like proteins disrupts root growth and development.in plants, a population of non-cell-autonomous proteins (ncaps), including numerous transcription factors, move cell to cell through plasmodesmata (pd). in many cases, the intercellular trafficking of these ncaps is regulated by their interaction with specific pd components. to gain further insight into the functions of this ncap pathway, coimmunoprecipitation experiments were performed on a tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plasmodesmal-enriched cell wall protein preparation using as bait the ncap, p ...201222960910
[salt stress tolerance of cucumber-grafted rootstocks].taking 4 different cucurbita maxima x c. moschata rootstocks for cucumber (cucumis sativus) as test materials, a solution culture experiment was conducted to study their growth and antioxidative enzyme activities under the stresses of ca(no3)2 and nacl, with the salt stress tolerance of the rootstocks evaluated by subordinate function. at 30 mmol x l(-1) of ca (no3)2 or 45 mmol x l(-1) of nacl, the growth of the rootstock seedlings was improved; but at 60 and 120 mmol x l(-1) of ca(no3)2 or 90 a ...201222919842
high efficiency joint cze determination of sugars and acids in vegetables and fruits.in this work, an improved ce method for the medium-throughput determination of main organic acids (oxalate, malate, citrate), the amino acid glutamate and the sugars fructose, glucose and sucrose in several food matrices is described. these compounds have been identified as key components in the taste intensity of fruit and vegetable crops. using a running buffer with 20 mm 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid ph 12.1 and 0.1% hexadimethrine bromide, replacing it every 5 h to avoid ph decrease, and op ...201222887163
interaction of xylem and phloem during exudation and wound occlusion in cucurbita maxima.collection of cucurbit exudates from cut petioles has been a powerful tool for gaining knowledge on phloem sap composition without full notion of the complex exudation mechanism. only few publications explicitly mentioned that exudates were collected from the basal side of the cut, which exudes more copiously than the apical side. this is surprising since only exudation from the apical side is supposedly driven by phloem pressure gradients. composition of carbohydrates and ph values at both woun ...201322765252
sieve element occlusion (seo) genes encode structural phloem proteins involved in wound sealing of the phloem.the sieve element occlusion (seo) gene family originally was delimited to genes encoding structural components of forisomes, which are specialized crystalloid phloem proteins found solely in the fabaceae. more recently, seo genes discovered in various non-fabaceae plants were proposed to encode the common phloem proteins (p-proteins) that plug sieve plates after wounding. we carried out a comprehensive characterization of two tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) seo genes (ntseo). reporter genes controll ...201222733783
comparative analysis of cells and proteins of pumpkin plants for the control of fruit size.common pumpkin plants (cucurbita maxima) produce fruits of 1-2 kg size on the average, while special varieties of the same species called atlantic giant are known to produce a huge fruit up to several hundred kilograms. as an approach to determine the factors controlling the fruit size in c. maxima, we cultivated both ag and control common plants, and found that both the cell number and cell sizes were increased in a large fruit while dna content of the cell did not change significantly. we also ...201222677066
carotenoid accumulation and carotenogenic gene expression during fruit development in novel interspecific inbred squash lines and their parents.carotenoid levels and composition during squash fruit development were compared in cucurbita moschata , cucurbita maxima , and two lines of their interspecific inbred lines, namely, maxchata1 and maxchata2. eight genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis were analyzed by quantitative rt-pcr. the two squash species and their interspecific inbred lines exhibited different qualitative and quantitative carotenoid profiles and regulatory mechanisms. c. moschata had the lowest total carotenoid con ...201222574777
transgenic tobacco plants as production platform for biologically active human interleukin 2 and its fusion with proteinase inhibitors.transgenic plants offer a low-cost approach for the production of pharmaceutically important and commercially valuable recombinant proteins. our studies were focused on the plant-based production of human interleukin 2 (hil-2) and its fusion with proteinase inhibitors, either spi2 from galleria mellonella or cmti from cucurbita maxima. finally, five plant expression cassettes were obtained. three of them contained the single cdna encoding cmti i, spi2 and hil-2, respectively, while two of them c ...201222564275
looking deep inside: detection of low-abundance proteins in leaf extracts of arabidopsis and phloem exudates of pumpkin.the field of proteomics suffers from the immense complexity of even small proteomes and the enormous dynamic range of protein concentrations within a given sample. most protein samples contain a few major proteins, which hamper in-depth proteomic analysis. in the human field, combinatorial hexapeptide ligand libraries (cpll; such as proteominer) have been used for reduction of the dynamic range of protein concentrations; however, this technique is not established in plant research. in this work, ...201222555880
in vivo quantification of cell coupling in plants with different phloem-loading strategies.uptake of photoassimilates into the leaf phloem is the key step in carbon partitioning and phloem transport. symplasmic and apoplasmic loading strategies have been defined in different plant taxa based on the abundance of plasmodesmata between mesophyll and phloem. for apoplasmic loading to occur, an absence of plasmodesmata is a sufficient but not a necessary criterion, as passage of molecules through plasmodesmata might well be blocked or restricted. here, we present a noninvasive, whole-plant ...201222422939
the origin and composition of cucurbit "phloem" exudate.cucurbits exude profusely when stems or petioles are cut. we conducted studies on pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) and cucumber (cucumis sativus) to determine the origin and composition of the exudate. morphometric analysis indicated that the exudate is too voluminous to derive exclusively from the phloem. cold, which inhibits phloem transport, did not interfere with exudation. however, ice water applied to the roots, which reduces root pressure, rapidly diminished exudation rate. sap was seen by micr ...201222331409
stamen-derived bioactive gibberellin is essential for male flower development of cucurbita maxima l.gibberellin (ga) signalling during pumpkin male flower development is highly regulated, including biosynthetic, perception, and transduction pathways. ga 20-oxidases, 3-oxidases, and 2-oxidases catalyse the final part of ga synthesis. additionally, 7-oxidase initiates this part of the pathway in some cucurbits including cucurbita maxima l. (pumpkin). expression patterns for these ga-oxidase-encoding genes were examined by competitive reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and endogenous ga levels we ...201222268154
content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of pumpkin puree enriched with japanese quince, cornelian cherry, strawberry and apples.when evaluated in terms of taste, smell or active ingredients, pumpkin in itself is not very attractive as a raw material. hence, it is recommended to blend pumpkin with other fruits, which are aromatic, have a defined taste, and contain a large quantity of active ingredients and organic acids to improve its palatibility.201322232528
accumulation of weathered p,p'-ddts in grafted watermelon.the grafting of melon plants onto cucurbit rootstocks is a common commercial practice in many parts of the world. however, certain cucurbits have been shown to accumulate large quantities of weathered persistent organic pollutants from the soil, and the potential contamination of grafted produce has not been thoroughly evaluated. large pot and field experiments were conducted to assess the effect of grafting on accumulation of weathered ddx (the sum of p,p'-ddt, p,p'-ddd, and p,p'-dde) from soil ...201222224752
buttercup squash provides a marketable alternative to blue hubbard as a trap crop for control of striped cucumber beetles (coleoptera: chrysomelidae).winter squash is a vital agricultural commodity worldwide. in the northeastern united states, the primary insect pest is the striped cucumber beetle, acalymma vittatum f. using a blue hubbard squash (cucurbita maxima duchesne) perimeter trap crop system can reduce insecticide use by >90% in butternut squash (c. moschata poir), the primary winter squash grown in this region. despite the savings in insecticide costs, growers may be reluctant to give up field space for a perimeter crop of blue hubb ...201022182562
quantification of plant cell coupling with three-dimensional photoactivation microscopy.plant cells are directly connected by plasmodesmata that form channels through the cell wall and enable the intercellular movement of cytosolic solutes, membrane lipids and signalling molecules. transport through plasmodesmata is regulated not only by a fixed size-exclusion limit, but also by physiological and pathological adaptation. to understand plant cell communication, carbon allocation and pathogen attack, the capacities for a specific molecule to pass a specific cell-wall interface is an ...201222171617
random estimate the values of seed oil of cucurbita maxima by refractive index method.the crude oil having lower iodine and free fatty acids values has aamdosha properties. these properties are present due to toxic and anti-toxic compounds. these compounds can be harmful for the special diseases and may be unsaturated, saturated, open chain etc. the adulteration can take part as catalytic action for the toxic effect for the special diseases. toxic properties of oils are removed by different ingrediants and methods. c. maxima seed tail (mst) is used with food and medicine. the pre ...201022131677
comparison of waste pumpkin material and its potential use in extruded snack foods.material was produced from crown pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) processed from fractions of the fruit which are regarded as waste stream products (peel, flesh and seed). the flour from the three different fractions (peel, flesh and seed) of crown pumpkin flour was incorporated into an extruded snack product formulation at levels 10%, 30% and 50% (w/w with corn grit) and processed in a twin-screw extruder to make 10 expanded snack products. proximate analysis was carried out to determine the nutritio ...201121813596
an in vitro evaluation of anthelmintic activity of zingiber zerumbet rhizomes and cucurbita maxima seeds on pheretima posthuma model: a comparative study. 201121687369
effects of cooking on the cell walls (dietary fiber) of 'scarlet warren' winter squash ( cucurbita maxima ) studied by polysaccharide linkage analysis and solid-state (13)c nmr.cell wall polysaccharides of 'scarlet warren' winter squash ( cucurbita maxima ) were investigated before and after thermal processing. linkage analysis of polysaccharides was done by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the linkage analysis showed the cell wall polysaccharide compositions of raw and cooked squash were similar. the total pectic polysaccharides (galacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan, arabinan, and arabinogalactan) contents of the cell walls of both raw and cooked s ...201121604813
cmrbp50 protein phosphorylation is essential for assembly of a stable phloem-mobile high-affinity ribonucleoprotein complex.rna-binding proteins (rbps) form ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complexes that play crucial roles in rna processing for gene regulation. the angiosperm sieve tube system contains a unique population of transcripts, some of which function as long-distance signaling agents involved in regulating organ development. these phloem-mobile mrnas are translocated as rnp complexes. one such complex is based on a phloem rbp named cucurbita maxima rna-binding protein 50 (cmrbp50), a member of the polypyrimidine tr ...201121572046
vascular expression in arabidopsis is predicted by the frequency of ct/ga-rich repeats in gene promoters.phloem-transported signals play an important role in regulating plant development and in orchestrating responses to environmental stimuli. among such signals, phloem-mobile rnas have been shown to play an important role as long-distance signaling agents. at maturity, angiosperm sieve elements are enucleate, and thus transcripts in the phloem translocation stream probably originate from the nucleate companion cells. in the present study, a pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) phloem transcriptome was used ...201121435051
isothermal titration calorimetric and computational studies on the binding of chitooligosaccharides to pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) phloem exudate lectin.the interaction of chitooligosaccharides [(glcnac)(2-6)] with pumpkin phloem exudate lectin (ppl) was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry and computational methods. the dimeric ppl binds to (glcnac)(3-5) with binding constants of 1.26-1.53 × 10(5) m(-1) at 25 °c, whereas chitobiose exhibits approximately 66-fold lower affinity. interestingly, chitohexaose shows nearly 40-fold higher affinity than chitopentaose with a binding constant of 6.16 × 10(6) m(-1). the binding stoichiometry ...201121405077
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of kabocha squash (cucurbita moschata duch) induced by wounding with aluminum borate whiskers.an efficient genetic transformation method for kabocha squash (cucurbita moschata duch cv. heiankogiku) was established by wounding cotyledonary node explants with aluminum borate whiskers prior to inoculation with agrobacterium. adventitious shoots were induced from only the proximal regions of the cotyledonary nodes and were most efficiently induced on murashige-skoog agar medium with 1 mg/l benzyladenine. vortexing with 1% (w/v) aluminum borate whiskers significantly increased agrobacterium i ...201121400224
a mottled-leaf character in winter squash; inherited as a dominant mendelian character. 194621015950
pumpkin eif5a isoforms interact with components of the translational machinery in the cucurbit sieve tube system.in yeast, eif5a, in combination with eef2, functions at the translation step, during the protein elongation cycle. this result is of significance with respect to functioning of the enucleate sieve tube system, as eif5a was recently detected in cucurbita maxima (pumpkin) phloem sap. in the present study, we further characterized four cmeif5a isoforms, encoding three proteins, all of which were present in the phloem sap. although hypusination of cmeif5a was not necessary for entry into the sieve e ...201020807213
assessing risk to human health from tropical leafy vegetables grown on contaminated urban soils.fifteen tropical leafy vegetable types were sampled from farmers' gardens situated on nine contaminated sites used to grow vegetables for commercial or subsistence consumption in and around kampala city, uganda. trace metal concentrations in soils were highly variable and originated from irrigation with wastewater, effluent discharge from industry and dumping of solid waste. metal concentrations in the edible shoots of vegetables also differed greatly between, and within, sites. gynandropsis gyn ...201020739044
sodium and chloride exclusion and retention by non-grafted and grafted melon and cucurbita plants.the effects of grafting on na and cl(-) uptake and distribution in plant tissues were quantified in a greenhouse experiment using six combinations of melon (cucumis melo l. cv. arava) and pumpkin (cucurbita maxima duchesne×cucurbita moschata duchesne cv. tz-148): non-grafted, self-grafted, melons grafted on pumpkins, and pumpkins grafted on melons. total na concentration in shoots of plants with pumpkin or melon rootstocks was <60 mmol kg(-1) and >400 mmol kg(-1), respectively, regardless of the ...201120729482
carotenoid content and in vitro bioaccessibility of lutein in some leafy vegetables popular in sri lanka.lutein is one of the major carotenoids in green leafy vegetables (glvs), which show a marked antioxidant activity. the study was carried out to identify and quantify the carotenoid content of selected sri lankan glvs. rp-hplc with photodiode array detection method was followed for the separation, identification and quantification of carotenoids. among the vegetables analyzed, ipomoea batatas leaves showed the highest beta-carotene content (743.9+/-35.0 microg/g dry weight (dw)) while syngonium a ...201020651462
differential spatial expression of a- and b-type cdks, and distribution of auxins and cytokinins in the open transverse root apical meristem of cucurbita maxima.aside from those on arabidopsis, very few studies have focused on spatial expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) in root apical meristems (rams), and, indeed, none has been undertaken for open meristems. the extent of interfacing between cell cycle genes and plant growth regulators is also an increasingly important issue in plant cell cycle studies. here spatial expression/localization of an a-type and b-type cdk, auxin and cytokinins are reported in relation to the hitherto unexplored an ...201120601387
response of epilachna paenulata to two flavonoids, pinocembrin and quercetin, in a comparative study.we examined the effects of the flavonoids pinocembrin and quercetin on the feeding behavior, survival, and development of the cucurbitaceae pest epilachna paenulata (coleoptera: coccinellidae). in no-choice experiments, 48 hr-consumption of cucurbita maxima duch. leaves treated with pinocembrin at 1, 5, and 50 microg/cm(2) was less than one third of that for leaves treated with 0.1 microg/cm(2) of pinocembrin or untreated leaves. larvae stopped feeding after 9 days of high doses of pinocembrin ( ...201020589417
remote-controlled stop of phloem mass flow by biphasic occlusion in cucurbita maxima.the relationships between damage-induced electropotential waves (epws), sieve tube occlusion, and stop of mass flow were investigated in intact cucurbita maxima plants. after burning leaf tips, epws propagating along the phloem of the main vein were recorded by extra- and intracellular microelectrodes. the respective epw profiles (a steep hyperpolarization/depolarization peak followed by a prolonged hyperpolarization/depolarization) probably reflect merged action and variation potentials. a few ...201020584788
sieve tube geometry in relation to phloem flow.sieve elements are one of the least understood cell types in plants. translocation velocities and volume flow to supply sinks with photoassimilates greatly depend on the geometry of the microfluidic sieve tube system and especially on the anatomy of sieve plates and sieve plate pores. several models for phloem translocation have been developed, but appropriate data on the geometry of pores, plates, sieve elements, and flow parameters are lacking. we developed a method to clear cells from cytopla ...201020354199
coccinellids, aphids, and pollen in diversified vegetable fields with transgenic and isoline cultivars.the influence of concurrent introduction of three transgenic vegetable cultivars on seasonal dynamics of coccinellids and their food, aphids and pollen, was examined within diversified farm systems practicing insect pest management in northeastern us agroecosystems. the transgenic cultivars used included sweet corn, potato, and winter squash, expressing cry1(a)b, cry3a, and plant viral coat proteins that target lepidoptera, coleoptera, and aphid-transmitted viruses, respectively. transgenic syst ...200720307238
differential responses in yield of pumpkin (cucurbita maxima l.) and nightshade (solanum retroflexum dun.) to the application of three animal manures.crop responses to different manures differs considerably, however, the factors responsible for it have not been conclusively elucidated. consequently, this study examined the biomass response of cucurbita maxima and solanum retroflexum to application rates of chicken and kraal manures of cattle and goat, and soil factors related to salinity. the crops' biomass yield increased linearly with increase in application rates of kraal and chicken manures, but steeper in the latter. results showed that ...201019954967
comparison of perimeter trap crop varieties: effects on herbivory, pollination, and yield in butternut squash.perimeter trap cropping (ptc) is a method of integrated pest management (ipm) in which the main crop is surrounded with a perimeter trap crop that is more attractive to pests. blue hubbard (cucurbita maxima duch.) is a highly effective trap crop for butternut squash (c. moschata duch. ex poir) attacked by striped cucumber beetles (acalymma vittatum fabricius), but its limited marketability may reduce adoption of ptc by growers. research comparing border crop varieties is necessary to provide opt ...200919791616
rapid affinity-purification and physicochemical characterization of pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) phloem exudate lectin.the chito-oligosaccharide-specific lectin from pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) phloem exudate has been purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on chitin. after sds/page in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, the pumpkin phloem lectin yielded a single band corresponding to a molecular mass of 23.7 kda, whereas esi-ms (electrospray ionization ms) gave the molecular masses of the subunit as 24645 da. analysis of the cd spectrum of the protein indicated that the secondary structure of the lecti ...201019735229
allergy from giant pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) is not a fairy tale. 200919732049
tryptophan exposure and accessibility in the chitooligosaccharide-specific phloem exudate lectin from pumpkin (cucurbita maxima). a fluorescence study.the exposure and accessibility of the tryptophan residues in the chitooligosaccharide-specific pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) phloem exudate lectin (ppl) have been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. the emission lambda(max) of native ppl, seen at 338nm was red-shifted to 348nm upon denaturation by 6m gdn.hcl in the presence of 10mm beta-mercaptoethanol, indicating near complete exposure of the tryptophan residues to the aqueous medium, whereas a blue-shift to 335nm was observed in the presen ...200919700341
using trap crops for control of acalymma vittatum (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) reduces insecticide use in butternut squash.striped cucumber beetle, acalymma vittatum f., is the primary insect pest of cucurbit crops in the northeastern united states. adult beetles colonize squash crops from field borders, causing feeding damage at the seedling stage and transmitting bacterial wilt erwinia tracheiphila hauben et al. 1999. conventional control methods rely on insecticide applications to the entire field, but surrounding main crops with a more attractive perimeter could reduce reliance on insecticides. a. cittatum shows ...200919610425
antioxidative activity of water soluble polysaccharide in pumpkin fruits (cucurbita maxima duchesne).we evaluated the antioxidative activity of a water soluble polysaccharide fraction (wsp) from pumpkin fruits (cucurbita maxima duchesne). in the wsp, dpph radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase-like activity increased depending on the total sugar content. furthermore, the wsp can serve as an inhibitor of ascorbic acid oxidation. the efficacy was also affected by the total sugar content.200919502750
extraction of ascorbate oxidase from cucurbita maxima by continuous process in perforated rotating disc contactor using aqueous two-phase systems.the ascorbate oxidase is the enzyme used to determine the content of ascorbic acid in the pharmaceutical and food industries and clinics analyses. the techniques currently used for the purification of this enzyme raise its production cost. thus, the development of alternative processes and with the potential to reduce costs is interesting. the application of aqueous two-phase system is proposed as an alternative to purification because it enables good separation of biomolecules. the objective of ...201019412579
exact and effective pair-wise potential for protein-ligand interactions obtained from a semiempirical energy partition.in this work, the partition method introduced by carvalho and melo was used to study the complex between cucurbita maxima trypsin inhibitor (cmti-i) and glycerol at the am1 level. an effective potential, combining non-bonding and polarization plus charge transfer (plct) terms, was introduced to evaluate the magnitude of the interaction between each amino acid and the ligand. in this case study, the nonbonding-plct non-compensation characterizes the stabilization energy of the association process ...200819325823
ecology of nematodes under influence of cucurbita spp. and different fertilizer types.in a field study conducted in georgia, cucurbit plants with high (cucurbita andreana) and low (cucurbita maxima) concentrations of cucurbitacins were used in combination with two types of fertilizers to investigate their effects on the community of soil nematodes. ecological measures of soil nematode community structure such as total nematode abundance, number of genera, trophic diversity, trophic group proportions, fungivore/bacterivore ratio, and modified maturity index were assessed and compa ...199519277330
relationship between crop losses and initial population densities of meloidogyne arenaria in winter-grown oriental melon in korea.to determine the economic threshold level, oriental melon (cucumis melo l. cv. geumssaragi-euncheon) grafted on shintozoa (cucurbita maxima x cu. moschata) was planted in plots (2 x 3 m) under a plastic film in february with a range of initial population densities (pi) of meloidogyne arenaria. the relationships of early, late, and total yield to pi measured in september and january were adequately described by both linear regression and the seinhorst damage model. initial nematode densities in s ...200219265907
the phloem-delivered rna pool contains small noncoding rnas and interferes with translation.in plants, the vascular tissue contains the enucleated sieve tubes facilitating long-distance transport of nutrients, hormones, and proteins. in addition, several mrnas and small interfering rnas/micrornas were shown to be delivered via sieve tubes whose content is embodied by the phloem sap (ps). a number of these phloem transcripts are transported from source to sink tissues and function at targeted tissues. to gain additional insights into phloem-delivered rnas and their potential role in sig ...200919261735
a polypyrimidine tract binding protein, pumpkin rbp50, forms the basis of a phloem-mobile ribonucleoprotein complex.rna binding proteins (rbps) are integral components of ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complexes and play a central role in rna processing. in plants, some rbps function in a non-cell-autonomous manner. the angiosperm phloem translocation stream contains a unique population of rbps, but little is known regarding the nature of the proteins and mrna species that constitute phloem-mobile rnp complexes. here, we identified and characterized a 50-kd pumpkin (cucurbita maxima cv big max) phloem rna binding pr ...200919122103
evaluation of alternatives to methyl bromide in melon crops in guatemala.the monoculture of melon in guatemala has caused the massive appearance of plants with an analogous syndrome for the well-known disease commonly called melon collapse, or vine decline, causing significant losses in crops. methyl bromide is commonly used to sterilize soil prior to planting in guatemala, but it must be phased out by 2015. the objective of this study was to evaluate the technique of grafting melon onto hybrids of cucurbita (cucurbita maxima x cucurbita moschata), as an alternative ...200918998189
melon resistance to cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus is characterized by reduced virus accumulation.abstract the pattern of accumulation of cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (cysdv; genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae) rna has been analyzed in several cucurbit accessions. in susceptible accessions of melon (cucumis melo), cucumber (cucumis sativus), marrow (cucurbita maxima), and squash (cucurbita pepo), cysdv rna accumulation peaked during the first to second week postinoculation in the first to third leaf above the inoculated one; younger leaves showed very low or undetectable lev ...200318943165
influence of light during storage on composition of blue hubbard squash. 201618878042
pancreatic proteolytic enzymes of ostrich purified on immobilized protein inhibitors. characterization of a new form of chymotrypsin (chtr1).four forms of chymotrypsin (chtr1, chtr2, chtr3, chtr4), one form of trypsin and one form of elastase were purified from a slightly alkaline extract of ostrich (struthio camelus) pancreas. the zymogens in the crude extract were activated with immobilized trypsin and then separated by affinity chromatography using immobilized inhibitors and ion exchange chromatography. one of the purified forms of chymotrypsin (chtr1) exhibited an unusual interaction with the highly selective protein trypsin inhi ...200818598777
uptake, translocation, and accumulation of manufactured iron oxide nanoparticles by pumpkin plants.rapid development and application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology make assessment of their potential health and environmental impacts on humans, non-human biota, and ecosystems imperative. here we show that pumpkin plants (cucurbita maxima), grown in an aqueous medium containing magnetite (fe3o4) nanoparticles, can absorb, translocate, and accumulate the particles in the plant tissues. these results suggest that plants, as an important component of the environmental and ecological systems, n ...200818528537
nutritional and anti-nutritional compositions of cleome rutidosperma, lagenaria siceraria, and cucurbita maxima seeds from nigeria.flours produced from the seeds of cleome rutidosperma (dc), lagenaria siceraria (mol.), and cucurbita maxima (duch) were evaluated for proximate and elemental compositions. preliminary phytochemical screening was also carried out on the seed flours, which revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, pentose, and reducing sugars in all the seed types. tannins, flavonoids, and cardiac glycosides were also detected in only c. rutidosperma seed. the results also showed that the seeds of c. rutidosp ...200718158851
content and in-vitro accessibility of pro-vitamin a carotenoids from sri lankan cooked non-leafy vegetables and their estimated contribution to vitamin a requirement.vitamin a deficiency is a public health problem in sri lanka, which affects especially pre-school children. carrots (daucus carota), pumpkins (cucurbita maxima), squashes (cucurbita moschata) and sweet potatoes (ipomoea batatas) of orange, yellow-fleshed varieties are good sources of provitamin a carotenoids, but have not been studied in sri lanka in terms of the food as eaten. the content of carotenoids in each preparation method and the in-vitro accessibility of beta-carotene and alpha-caroten ...200717852483
engineered resistance against proteinases.exogenous proteinase inhibitors are valuable and economically interesting protective biotechnological tools. we examined whether small proteinase inhibitors when fused to a selected target protein can protect the target from proteolytic degradation without simultaneously affecting the function and activity of the target domain. two proteinase inhibitors were studied: a kazal-type silk proteinase inhibitor (spi2) from galleria mellonella, and the cucurbita maxima trypsin inhibitor i (cmti i). bot ...200717823663
bacterial leafspot on hubbard squash. 192617735959
isolation and expression of ga 2-oxidase2 in tomato.ga 2-oxidases, a key enzyme involves ga biosynthesis, catalyze the degradation of active c(19)-gibberellins (gas) through 2-hydroxylation yields inactive ga product. searching public tomato database, the putative ga2ox2 sequences were assembled. we isolated a full-length ga2ox2 cdna with primers designed from the assembled sequence. this gene was designed as slga2ox2 (genbank accession no. ef017805). the full-length ga2ox2 gene contained a complete open reading frame (orf) of 1203 bp, which enco ...200717676476
[effects of nacl stress on polyamine contents in grafted cucumber leaves].with a japanese salt-tolerant pumpkin cultivar 'king shintosa' (cucurbita maxima x c. moschata) as rootstock and a cucumber (cucumis sativus) cultivar 'xintaimici' as cion, this paper studied the temporal dynamics of different form polyamines contents in the leaves of grafted and own-rooted cucumber plants under 100 mmol x l(-1) nacl stress. the results showed that the free putrescence (put) content of graftedplant leaves (g2) was significantly higher than that of own-rooted plant leaves (o2), e ...200717615880
reciprocal phosphorylation and glycosylation recognition motifs control ncapp1 interaction with pumpkin phloem proteins and their cell-to-cell movement.in plants, cell-to-cell trafficking of non-cell-autonomous proteins (ncaps) involves protein-protein interactions, and a role for posttranslational modification has been implicated. in this study, proteins contained in pumpkin (cucurbita maxima cv big max) phloem sap were used as a source of ncaps to further explore the molecular basis for selective ncap trafficking. protein overlay assays and coimmunoprecipitation experiments established that phosphorylation and glycosylation, on both nicotiana ...200717601822
larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of the leaf extract of two cucurbitacious plants against filarial vector culex quinquefasciatus (say) (diptera : culicidae).the leaf extract of two cucurbitacious plants citrullus colocynthis and cucurbita maxima with different solvents viz., benzene, ethylacetate, petroleum ether and methanol were tested for larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities against the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus. larval mortality was observed and recorded after 24 h exposure period. the lc50 values of c. colocynthis were 61.72, 47.58, 66.92 and 118.74 ppm respectively. c. maxima shows the lc50 values of 123.02, 75.91, 117.73 and 17 ...200717568371
flowering locus t protein may act as the long-distance florigenic signal in the cucurbits.cucurbita moschata, a cucurbit species responsive to inductive short-day (sd) photoperiods, and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv) were used to test whether long-distance movement of flowering locus t (ft) mrna or ft is required for floral induction. ectopic expression of ft by zymv was highly effective in mediating floral induction of long-day (ld)-treated plants. moreover, the infection zone of zymv was far removed from floral meristems, suggesting that ft transcripts do not function as the f ...200717540715
qualitative and quantitative differences in carotenoid composition among cucurbita moschata, cucurbita maxima, and cucurbita pepo.squashes and pumpkins are important dietary sources of carotenoids worldwide. the carotenoid composition has been determined, but reported data have been highly variable, both qualitatively and quantitatively. in the present work, the carotenoid composition of squashes and pumpkins currently marketed in campinas, brazil, were determined by hplc-dad, complemented by hplc-ms for identification. cucurbita moschata 'menina brasileira' and c. moschata 'goianinha' had similar profiles, with beta-carot ...200717444652
oil and tocopherol content and composition of pumpkin seed oil in 12 cultivars.twelve pumpkin cultivars (cucurbita maxima d.), cultivated in iowa, were studied for their seed oil content, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol content. oil content ranged from 10.9 to 30.9%. total unsaturated fatty acid content ranged from 73.1 to 80.5%. the predominant fatty acids present were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic. significant differences were observed among the cultivars for stearic, oleic, linoleic, and gadoleic acid content of oil. low linolenic acid levels were observ ...200717439238
biosynthesis of sterols and triterpenoids in tissue cultures of cucurbita maxima.the biosynthesis of sterols and triterpenoids in cucurbita maxima was studied by analysis of unsaponifiable fraction of tissues from different development stages of the plant (seeds, seedlings, adult plant and tissue culture) and by feeding germinating seeds and tissue cultures with [2- (14)c]-acetate. synthesis of cucurbitacins does not occur in callus tissues of cucurbita maxima, whereas a wide variety of 4,4-dimethylsterols present in these tissues testifies of a high level of squaleneoxide c ...198317405044
ethnomedicines used in trinidad and tobago for reproductive problems.throughout history women have tried to control or enhance their fertility using herbal remedies, with various levels of societal support. caribbean folk medicine has been influenced by european folk medicine, either through the early spanish and french settlers or through the continuous immigration of spanish-speaking peoples from venezuela. some folk uses are ancient and were documented by galen and pliny the elder.200717362507
allozyme segregation ratios in the interspecific cross cucurbita maximaxc. ecuadorensis suggest that hybrid breakdown is not caused by minor alterations in chromosome structure.the parentals of the interspecific cross cucurbita maxima xc. ecuadorensis had different isozyme phenotypes for 12 enzyme systems. characterization of the systems demonstrated that the expression and intracellular distribution of the isozymes were similar to those in other plant taxa; however, a considerable number of duplicate loci were identified, indicative of a polyploid ancestry for cucurbita. genetic analysis provided evidence for 20 loci segregating in f(2) and backcross populations. five ...198617246350
differences in p,p'-dde bioaccumulation from compost and soil by the plants cucurbita pepo and cucurbita maxima and the earthworms eisenia fetida and lumbricus terrestris.two plant species, cucurbita pepo and cucurbita maxima, and two earthworm species, eisenia fetida and lumbricus terrestris, were exposed to soil and compost with equivalent p,p'-dde contamination. pollutant bioconcentration was equal in plant roots in both media, but translocation was higher in c. pepo. bioaccumulation by e. fetida was approximately 6- and 3-fold higher than that by l. terrestris in the soil and compost, respectively. for all species, p,p'-dde uptake was significantly greater fr ...200717241722
kinetic and thermodynamic investigation on ascorbate oxidase activity and stability of a cucurbita maxima extract.the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of ascorbate oxidase (ao) activity and stability of a cucurbita maxima extract were investigated. activity tests performed at 25 degrees c using initial ascorbic acid concentration in the range 50-750 m allowed estimating the michaelis constant for this substrate (km = 126 microm) and the maximum initial rate of ascorbic acid oxidation (a0,max = 1.57 mm min-1). the main thermodynamic parameters of the enzyme reaction (deltah* = 10.3 kj mol-1; deltag* = 87 ...200617137312
the squash aspartic proteinase inhibitor sqapi is widely present in the cucurbitales, comprises a small multigene family, and is a member of the phytocystatin family.the squash (cucurbita maxima) phloem exudate-expressed aspartic proteinase inhibitor (sqapi) is a novel aspartic acid proteinase inhibitor, constituting a fifth family of aspartic proteinase inhibitors. however, a comparison of the sqapi sequence to the phytocystatin (a cysteine proteinase inhibitor) family sequences showed approximately 30% identity. modeling sqapi onto the structure of oryzacystatin gave an excellent fit; regions identified as proteinase binding loops in cystatin coincided wit ...200617103059
a putative acyl-coa-binding protein is a major phloem sap protein in rice (oryza sativa l.).the n-terminal amino-acid sequence of a major rice phloem-sap protein, named rpp10, was determined. rpp10 is encoded by a single gene in the rice genome. its complete amino-acid sequence, predicted from the corresponding rice full-length cdna, showed high similarity to plant acyl-coa-binding proteins (acbps). western blot analysis using anti-acbp antiserum revealed that putative acbp is abundant in the phloem sap of rice plants, and is also present in sieve-tube exudates of winter squash (cucurb ...200616804052
organic substances in xylem sap delivered to above-ground organs by the roots.squash (cucurbita maxima) xylem sap, an apoplastic fluid, contains t-zeatin riboside, glutamine, methylglycine, myo-inositol, fructose, oligosaccharides of arabinogalactan, glucan, galacturonan, and pectins (rhamnogalacturonan-i and rhamnogalacturonan-ii), as well as various proteins, including arabinogalactan and pathogen-related proteins. these substances are mainly produced in stele (xylem) parenchyma and the pericycle in the root-hair zone where ion transporter genes are expressed. glycine-r ...200616733632
differential effect of auxin on molecular weight distributions of xyloglucans in cell walls of outer and inner tissues from segments of dark grown squash (cucurbita maxima duch.) hypocotyls.effects of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) on the mechanical properties of cell walls and structures of cell wall polysaccharides in outer and inner tissues of segments of dark grown squash (cucurbita maxima duch.) hypocotyls were investigated. iaa induced the elongation of unpeeled, intact segments, but had no effect on the elongation of peeled segments. iaa induced the cell wall loosening in outer tissues as studied by the stress-relaxation analysis but not in inner tissues. iaa-induced changes in ...199116668092
sugar composition and molecular weight distribution of cell wall polysaccharides in outer and inner tissues from segments of dark grown squash (cucurbita maxima duch.) hypocotyls.the elongation growth of stem segments is determined by the outer cell layers (epidermis and collenchyma). we measured the sugar composition and molecular weight distribution of pectin and hemicellulose fractions obtained from inner and outer tissues of squash (cucurbita maxima duch.) hypocotyls. in addition, we studied the changes in these parameters after a 9 hour period of incubation of the segments. the results show that outer tissues have higher molecular weight pectin and hemicellulose com ...199016667612
intact plastids are required for nitrate- and light-induced accumulation of nitrate reductase activity and mrna in squash cotyledons.induction of nitrate reductase activity and mrna by nitrate and light is prevented if chloroplasts are destroyed by photooxidation in norflurazon-treated squash (cucurbita maxima l.) cotyledons. the enzyme activity and mrna can be induced if norflurazon-treated squash seedlings are kept in low-intensity red light, which minimizes photodamage to the plastids. it is concluded that induction of nitrate reductase activity and nitrate reductase mrna requires intact plastids. if squash seedlings grown ...199016667294
synthesis and biological activity of an azido derivative of paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis.a photolabile azido derivative of the kaurene oxidase inhibitor 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-l-yl) pentan-3-ol (paclobutrazol) has been synthesized for use as a photoaffinity labeling agent. the compound was tested as an inhibitor of the oxidation of ent-kaurene catalyzed by cell-free preparations from endosperm of cucurbita maxima. the i(50) of the azido derivative was 9.5 nanomolar, which compares well with that of paclobutrazol (6.3 nanomolar in our measurements). the azid ...198816666477
properties of a small basic peptide from pumpkin seeds.a small basic peptide with an unusual amino acid composition has been isolated from the seeds of pumpkin, cucurbita maxima. amino acid analysis and sequence data show the protein to be about 36 residues in length, with an approximate composition lys(1), arg(14), asp(3), (glu + gln)(15), gly(1), pro(1), trp(1). on the basis of composition, the molecular weight is approximately 5000 daltons and the nitrogen content by weight is 20.4%. twelve amino acids are entirely lacking. the peptide is slightl ...198816666381
phytochrome-mediated light regulation of nitrate reductase expression in squash cotyledons.in etiolated squash (cucurbita maxima l.) cotyledons, nitrate-inducible nadh:nitrate reductase activity and protein were increased in darkness by red light pulses with red/far-red photoreversibility. continuous far-red light also led to increased levels of nitrate reductase activity and protein. poly(a)+rna, which hybridizes to squash nitrate reductase cdna, was also increased by light treatments. thus, we found that after nitrate triggering, nitrate reductase expression appears to be regulated ...198816666287
conversion of xanthoxin to abscisic acid by cell-free preparations from bean leaves.cell-free extracts from the leaves of phaseolus vulgaris l. convert xanthoxin to abscisic acid. the enzyme activity in dialyzed or acetone-precipitated extracts shows a strong dependence on either nad or nadp. the enzyme activity appears to be cytosolic with no significant activity observed in chloroplasts. the activity was observed in extracts from roots of phaseolus vulgaris, and also in extracts prepared from the leaves of pisum sativum l., zea mays l., cucurbita maxima duchesne, and vigna ra ...198716665831
response of various cucurbits to infection by plasmid-harboring strains of agrobacterium.tumor formation in cucurbit cultivars resulting from infection by various strains of agrobacterium tumefaciens and agrobacterium rhizogenes is environmentally affected. in all instances, tumors could be induced on excised cotyledons while inoculating attached cotyledons or stems resulted in no tumor formation. in addition, buttercup squash (cucurbita maxima duch. buttercup) was most susceptible to tumor formation, while butterbush squash (cucurbita maxima duch. butterbush) failed to form tumors ...198616665082
purification of squash nadh:nitrate reductase by zinc chelate affinity chromatography.nadh:nitrate reductase (ec 1.6.6.1) was isolated and purified from the green cotyledons of 5-day-old squash seedlings (cucurbita maxima l.). the 10-hour purification procedure consisted of two steps: direct application of crude enzyme to blue sepharose and specific elution with nadh followed by direct application of this effluent to a zn(2+) column with elution by decreasing the ph of the phosphate buffer from 7.0 to 6.2. the high specific activity (100 micromoles per minute per milligram protei ...198316662789
calcium distribution in globoid crystals of cucurbita cotyledon protein bodies.energy-dispersive x-ray analysis was used to investigate the location of globoid crystals with relatively high ca levels within cotyledons of cucurbita maxima, cucurbita mixta, and cucurbita andreana. the small globoid crystals in both upper and lower epidermal cells commonly contained ca. ca was present in globoid crystals of all provascular regions with the exception of the very small provascular regions of c. maxima. in c. maxima and c. mixta cotyledons, some cases were observed where ca was ...197916660825
energy-dispersive x-ray analysis of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in globoid crystals in protein bodies from different regions of cucurbita maxima embryos.the seeds of cucurbita maxima contain protein bodies with electrondense globoid crystals. because of their density globoid crystals are ideal material for energy-dispersive x-ray (edx) analysis studies of elemental composition. fixation trials were carried out to test globoid crystal extraction during glutaraldehyde fixation, water washing, and ethanol dehydration. glutaraldehyde fixation without subsequent washing or dehydration alone produced no significant changes in elemental composition of ...197816660439
correlation between oxygen availability, energy charge, and protein synthesis in squash cotyledons isolated from germinating seeds.the influence of o(2) availability on the rate of protein synthesis, the levels of rna and of adenylates, and the value of the energy charge in squash (cucurbita maxima) cotyledons isolated from seeds germinated for 15 or 28 hours at different o(2) concentration (3% or 20% o(2)) has been investigated.the rate of protein synthesis is five times lower in cotyledons maintained in 3% o(2) than in those maintained in 20% o(2). also net rna synthesis is almost blocked in 3% o(2), while in 20% o(2) it ...197816660244
protein body composition in cuburbita maxima cotyledons as determined by energy dispersive x-ray analysis.energy dispersive x-ray analysis was used to study the composition of certain protein body components in cucurbita maxima cotyledons. the globoid crystal was rich in phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. this elemental composition provides further evidence that the globoid crystal in squash cotyledon protein bodies is composed of phytin, a myoinositol hexaphosphoric acid salt of potassium and magnesium. calcium, a common component of phytin in many species, was absent or present in only trace am ...197516659190
uptake of 3-o-methylglucose by healthy and hypomyces-infected squash hypocotyls.rates of uptake of 3-o-methylglucose (meg) by squash (cucurbita maxima) hypocotyl sections from above lesions caused by hypomyces solani f. sp. cucurbitae, race 1, are 2-fold greater than uptake by comparable tissues from healthy plants. kinetic analyses indicate (i) that a single (constitutive) carrier system, with a michaelis constant (km) of 25 to 30 mm, mediates the transport of meg into healthy hypocotyl cells and (ii) that an additional (inducible) system with a much lower km (ca. 2 mm) is ...196916657201
effect of infection by hypomyces solani f. sp. cucurbitac on apparent free space, cell membrane permeability, and respiration of squash hypocotyls.initial symptoms and increases in respiration, apparent free space, and rate of leakage of amino acids occurred concomitantly in squash (cucurbita maxima dcne) hypocotyls infected by hypomyces solani f. sp. cucurbitae snyd. and hans. young, rapidly expanding lesions had greater respiratory rates and apparent free space than comparable tissues from healthy plants.hypocotyl tissues above (1-45 mm) lesions possessed greater endogenous respiratory rates (2-3 times) and lower respiratory quotients th ...196816656953
nitrate reductase from squash: cdna cloning and nitrate regulation.the assimilation of nitrate in plants involves the reduction of nitrate to ammonia in two steps. the first step requires nitrate reductase, a nitrate-inducible enzyme. when seedlings of squash (cucurbita maxima l.) were treated with nitrate, both nitrate reductase activity and protein were induced in the cotyledons. poly(a)(+) rna was prepared from cotyledons of nitrate-treated seedlings and was used to construct a lambdagt11 cdna library. using antibodies from mice immunized against purified ni ...198616593773
ectopic expression of pumpkin gibberellin oxidases alters gibberellin biosynthesis and development of transgenic arabidopsis plants.immature pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) seeds contain gibberellin (ga) oxidases with unique catalytic properties resulting in gas of unknown function for plant growth and development. overexpression of pumpkin ga 7-oxidase (cmga7ox) in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in seedlings with elongated roots, taller plants that flower earlier with only a little increase in bioactive ga4 levels compared to control plants. in the same way, overexpression of the pumpkin ga 3-oxidase1 (cmga3ox1) res ...200616384902
the cucurbit images (1515-1518) of the villa farnesina, rome.the gorgeous frescoes organized by the master renaissance painter raphael sanzio (1483-1520) and illustrating the heavenly adventures of cupid and psyche were painted between 1515 and 1518 to decorate the roman villa (now known as the villa farnesina) of the wealthy sienese banker agostino chigi (1466-1520). surrounding these paintings are festoons of fruits, vegetables and flowers painted by giovanni martini da udine (1487-1564), which include over 170 species of plants. a deconstruction and co ...200616314340
cucurbit phloem serpins are graft-transmissible and appear to be resistant to turnover in the sieve element-companion cell complex.serpins are unique inhibitors of serine proteases that are located in various plant tissues and organs. an orthologue of the pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) phloem serpin cmps-1 was amplified from cucumber (cucumis sativus) rna by rt-pcr, cloned, and designated as csps-1 (genbank accession no. aj866989). alternative amino acid sequences in the reactive centre loop suggest distinct inhibitory specificity between cmps-1 and csps-1. a difference in the electrophoretic mobility of these serpins was used ...200516246856
gibberellin biosynthesis in developing pumpkin seedlings.a gibberellin (ga) biosynthetic pathway was discovered operating in root tips of 7-d-old pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) seedlings. stepwise analysis of ga metabolism in cell-free systems revealed the conversion of ga(12)-aldehyde to bioactive ga(4) and inactive ga(34). highest levels of endogenous ga(4) and ga(34) were found in hypocotyls and root tips of 3-d-old seedlings. cdna molecules encoding two ga oxidases, cmga20ox3 and cmga3ox3, were isolated from root tips of 7-d-old lab150978-treated seed ...200516126862
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