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antioxidant activity of bovine casein hydrolysates produced by ficus carica l.-derived proteinase.a ficus carica l. latex proteinase preparation was investigated for its ability to produce antioxidant hydrolysates/peptides from bovine casein (cn). the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) values for nacn and β-cn hydrolysates ranged from 0.06 to 0.18, and from 0.51 to 1.19μmol trolox equivalents/mg freeze-dried sample, respectively. gel permeation hplc showed that the β-cn hydrolysate with a degree of hydrolysis of 21% had 65% of peptide material with a molecular mass <500da. the rp-uplc ...201424629973
relationship between pollination and cell wall properties in common fig fruit.most botanical types in fig ficus carica require pollination to fulfil their development and ensure quality onset of the fruit. cell wall behaviour and composition was followed in fig fruit in response to pollination during maturity. figs, when ripe, soften drastically and lose of their firmness and cell wall cohesion. pollination increased peel thickness, flesh thickness, fresh weight and dry matter content of the fruit. alcohol insoluble solids (ais), more concentrated in the flesh tissue, wer ...201424393459
hepatoprotective effect of ficus carica leaf extract on mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride.protective action of ficus carica leaf ethanolic extract (obtained by maceration) was evaluated in an animal model of hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (ccl4). male albino mice were divided into six groups. group i was normal control group; group ii received olive oil (ccl4 solvent), groups iii-vi received ccl4. after inducing hepatic damage, group iii served as control for ccl4; and groups iv- vi received different doses of ficus carica ethanol extract (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) prio ...201124363682
expression of fcft1, a flowering locus t-like gene, is regulated by light and associated with inflorescence differentiation in fig (ficus carica l.).because the floral induction occurs in many plants when specific environmental conditions are satisfied, most plants bloom and bear fruit during the same season each year. in fig, by contrast, the time interval during which inflorescence (flower bud, fruit) differentiation occurs corresponds to the shoot elongation period. fig trees thus differ from many species in their reproductive growth characteristics. to date, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this unorthodox physiology of flora ...201324341499
chemical composition and bioactivity of dried fruits and honey of ficus carica cultivars dottato, san francesco and citrullara.the aim of this study is to evaluate, for the first time, the chemical profile, antioxidant properties and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of dried fruits and honey of ficus carica (fig) cultivars dottato, citrullara, and san francesco.201424338976
hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of ficus caricalinn. leavesincarbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicityin rats.the ethanolic extract of ficus carica leaves was screened for hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity in hepatotoxic albino rats induced via carbon tetrachloride. the degree of protection was measured by estimating biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (sgot), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase ( sgpt),totalprotein (tp), totalalbumin (ta), alkaline phosphatase (alkp) and the level of total serum bilirubin. the extract in addition reduced ccl4 induced lipid ...201124250358
cytotoxic effects of different extracts and latex of ficus carica l. on hela cell line.it has been reported that latex and extracts of different species of ficus are cytotoxic to some human cancerous cell lines. in this study, cytotoxicity of fruit and leaf extracts as well as the latex of ficuscarica l. on hela cell line were evaluated. ethanolic extracts of leaves and fruits were prepared through percolation and ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts were prepared by reflux method. cytotoxic effects of these extracts and latex against hela cell line were then examined. brief ...201124250354
ficus carica l. (moraceae): phytochemistry, traditional uses and biological activities.this paper describes the botanical features of ficus carica l. (moraceae), its wide variety of chemical constituents, its use in traditional medicine as remedies for many health problems, and its biological activities. the plant has been used traditionally to treat various ailments such as gastric problems, inflammation, and cancer. phytochemical studies on the leaves and fruits of the plant have shown that they are rich in phenolics, organic acids, and volatile compounds. however, there is litt ...201324159359
fatty acids, coumarins and polyphenolic compounds of ficus carica l. cv. dottato: variation of bioactive compounds and biological activity of aerial parts.leaves, bark and woody part of ficus carica l. cultivar dottato collected in different months were examined to assess their chemical composition, antioxidant activity and phototoxicity on c32 human melanoma cells after uva irradiation. the phytochemical investigation revealed different composition in the coumarin, fatty acid, polyphenol and flavonoid content. the second harvest of leaves and the first harvest of the bark possessed the highest antiradical activity with ic50 values of 64.00 ± 0.59 ...201424087937
initial assessment of natural diversity in mexican fig landraces.the common fig (ficus carica l.) was introduced into mexico by spanish franciscan missionaries in the 16th century. it is widely assumed that mexican figs are the spanish cultivar black mission. we collected and propagated 12 fig plants from six landraces from different states in central mexico that represent different climate. all of them were grown in a greenhouse at universidad autónoma chapingo, in the state of mexico. during the experimental period, the greenhouse had an average temperature ...201324085455
ethnobotanical appraisal and cultural values of medicinally important wild edible vegetables of lesser himalayas-pakistan.the association among food and health is momentous as consumers now demand healthy, tasty and natural functional foods. knowledge of such food is mainly transmitted through the contribution of individuals of households. throughout the world the traditions of using wild edible plants as food and medicine are at risk of disappearing, hence present appraisal was conducted to explore ethnomedicinal and cultural importance of wild edible vegetables used by the populace of lesser himalayas-pakistan.201324034131
host status and fruit odor response of drosophila suzukii (diptera: drosophilidae) to figs and mulberries.drosophila suzukii matsumura (diptera: drosophilidae) is an agricultural pest with a wide host range. it is known to infest fruit that are still ripening on the plant, as well as rotting and damaged fruit. our study sought to determine whether d. suzukii use mulberries (morus spp.) and figs (ficus carica (l.)) as hosts, as their host status was ambiguous. accordingly, we collected 25 field-infested fruit and counted the numbers of d. suzukii emerging from them. we also sought to determine whethe ...201324020313
sensory profiles for dried fig (ficus carica l.) cultivars commercially grown and processed in california.a trained sensory panel evaluated the 6 fig cultivars currently sold in the california dried fig market. the main flavor and aroma attributes determined by the sensory panel were "caramel," "honey," "raisin," and "fig," with additional aroma attributes: "common date," "dried plum," and "molasses." sensory differences were observed between dried fig cultivars. all figs were processed by 2 commercial handlers. processing included potassium sorbate as a preservative and so2 application as an antibr ...201323957419
an ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in turgutlu (manisa-turkey).a comprehensive ethnobotanical study was made in turgutlu. this paper contains folk medicinal plants and ethnopharmacological information of this ethnobotanical study.201323933313
medicinal plants used for dermatological affections in navarra and their pharmacological validation.this paper provides significant ethnopharmacological information on plant used in dermatological affections in navarra.201323892205
search for methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphisms in mutant figs.fig (ficus carica) breeding programs that use conventional approaches to develop new cultivars are rare, owing to limited genetic variability and the difficulty in obtaining plants via gamete fusion. cytosine methylation in plants leads to gene repression, thereby affecting transcription without changing the dna sequence. previous studies using random amplification of polymorphic dna and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers revealed no polymorphisms among select fig mutants that origin ...201323884770
ficus carica latex-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its application as a chemophotoprotective agent.the present work provides scientific support on the use of latex of ficus carica to synthesize stable silver nanoparticles (agnps). agnps synthesized immediately after the addition of latex to silver nitrate solution at room temperature. synthesized nanoparticles were of spherical shape with average size of 163.7 nm. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed capping of proteins and phenolic compound on agnps, while x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the fcc nature of agnps. par ...201323881781
identification and quantification of furanocoumarins in stem bark and wood of eight algerian varieties of ficus carica by rp-hplc-dad and rp-hplc-dad-ms.furanocoumarins are the major phytoalexins of ficus carica and are effective natural drug candidates for treatment of several types of cancer and skin disease. the objectives of this study were to analyze and quantify linear furanocoumarins, mainly psoralen and bergapten, in wood and bark of stems from eight algerian varieties of fig and to establish the differences in the content of these metabolites in the eight local samples. psoralen and bergapten contents in the stem bark and wood (in micro ...201323738460
ethnobotanical survey of medicinally important wild edible fruits species used by tribal communities of lesser himalayas-pakistan.present survey was conducted to explore ethnomedicinal uses and cultural importance of wild edible fruits species by the inhabitants of lesser himalayas-pakistan.201323665057
evaluation of genetic diversity in fig accessions by using microsatellite markers.fig (ficus carica l.) is a fruit of great importance worldwide. its propagation is carried out with stem cuttings, a procedure that favors the occurrence of synonymy among specimens. thus, molecular markers have become an important tool for studies of dna fingerprinting, germplasm characterization, and genetic diversity evaluation in this plant species. the aim of this study was the analysis of genetic diversity among accessions of fig and the detection of synonyms among samples using molecular ...201323661461
new furanocoumarins and other chemical constituents from ficus carica root heartwood.two new furanocoumarins, 5-(1",1"-dimethylallyl)-8-methyl psoralen (1) and 2"-o-acetyl oxypeucedanin hydrate-3"-methyl ether (2), were isolated from the root heartwood of ficus carica linn. together with three known furanocoumarins, two triterpenoids, two long-chain compounds, and a steroid. their structures and relative configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (ir, hr-esi-ms, and nmr) and by comparison of their nmr spectral data with those of related compounds.201323659166
preparation of bio-based porous carbon by microwave assisted phosphoric acid activation and its use for adsorption of cr(vi).ficus carica fiber based activated carbon (fcac) was used as a potential adsorbent for cr(vi) removal from aqueous system. the adsorbent was prepared by carbonization of f. carica fiber followed by h3po4 activation under microwave radiations. the activated carbon was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy. the adsorption data were well studied for adsorption isotherms, kinetics models, and thermodynamics. adsorption of chromium ion followed ...201323611657
ficus carica leaf extract modulates the lipid profile of rats fed with a high-fat diet through an increase of hdl-c.ficus carica has been traditionally used for the treatment of several metabolic syndrome-related health problems. it was the objective of this study to investigate the preventive effects of a ficus carica (fc) leaf extract on hyperlipidemia in high fat diet (hfd)-induced obese male rats. male sprague-dawley rats (180-200 g) were fed with a regular diet, hfd or a hfd + oral treatment of either 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of fc or 30 mg/kg pioglitazone for six weeks. a range of parameters was evaluated ...201423606376
studies on dehydration of figs using different sugar syrup treatments.the ripe fig (ficus carica l) fruits of cultivar cv., 'deanna' were steam treated at 90°c and 10 psi for 5 min in autoclave. steamed fruits were dipped in sucrose, glucose, fructose and invert sugar syrups at 50°brix for 24 h for getting desired total soluble solids content. the treated fruits were further dried to 20% moisture in a cabinet dryer at 50-55°c. good quality and acceptable dried figs could be prepared by using invert sugar syrup treatment. dried figs prepared using invert sugar and ...201023572667
purification and autolysis of the ficin isoforms from fig (ficus carica cv. sabz) latex.ficin (ec 3.4.22.3), a cysteine endoproteolytic protease in fig trees' latex, has multiple isoforms. until now, no data on autolysis of individual ficins (ficin isoforms) are available. following purification, ficins' autolysis was determined by hplc chromatogram changes and ultrafiltrations at different temperatures and storage times. these results showed that the number of hplc peaks in latex proteins purification of ficus carica cv. sabz varied from previous fig varieties or cultivars. proteo ...201323312458
describing the appearance and flavor profiles of fresh fig (ficus carica l.) cultivars.twelve fig cultivars, including cultivars destined for the fresh and dried markets, were harvested from 6 locations and evaluated by a trained panel using descriptive sensory analysis. instrumental measurements were taken at harvest and also during sensory analysis. each fresh fig cultivar had a characteristic appearance and flavor sensory profile regardless of the source. the primary flavor attributes used to describe the fig cultivars were "fruity,"melon,"stone fruit,"berry,"citrus,"honey,"gre ...201223170947
removal of cr(vi) onto ficus carica biosorbent from water.the utilization of sustainable and biodegradable lignocellulosic fiber to detoxify the noxious cr(vi) from wastewater is considered a versatile approach to clean up a contaminated aquatic environment. the aim of the present research is to assess the proficiency and mechanism of biosorption on ficus carica bast fiber via isotherm models (langmuir, freundlich, temkin, harkin's-jura, and dubinin-radushkevich), kinetic models, and thermodynamic parameters. the biomass extracted from fig plant was ch ...201322983603
[features of calcium crystals and calcium components in 54 plant species in salinized habitats of tianjin].plant calcium (ca) is composed of dissociated ca2+ and easily soluble, slightly soluble, and hard soluble combined ca salts. the hard soluble ca salts can often engender ca crystals. to understand the ca status in different growth form plants in salinized habitats, 54 plant species were sampled from the salinized habitats in tianjin, with the ca crystals examined by microscope and the ca components determined by sequential fractionation procedure. more ca crystals were found in 38 of the 54 plan ...201222919834
genetic characterization of fig tree mutants with molecular markers.the fig (ficus carica l.) is a fruit tree of great world importance and, therefore, the genetic improvement becomes an important field of research for better crops, being necessary to gather information on this species, mainly regarding its genetic variability so that appropriate propagation projects and management are made. the improvement programs of fig trees using conventional procedures in order to obtain new cultivars are rare in many countries, such as brazil, especially due to the little ...201222911583
phototoxic response to ficus carica leaf and shoot saps. 201222891407
analysis of genetic diversity of southern spain fig tree (ficus carica l.) and reference materials as a tool for breeding and conservation.the common fig tree (ficus carica l.) is a mediterranean crop with problematic cultivar identification. the recovery and conservation of possible local varieties for ecological production requires the previous genetic characterization of the available germplasm. in this context, 42 lines corresponding to 12 local varieties and two caprifigs, in addition to 15 reference samples have been fingerprinted using 21 ssr markers. a total of 77 alleles were revealed, detecting a useful level of genetic v ...201222804343
evidence for intersexual chemical mimicry in a dioecious plant.the dioecious mediterranean fig, ficus carica, displays a unique phenology in which males sometimes bloom synchronously with females (in summer), and sometimes not (in spring). ficus carica is engaged in an obligatory mutualism with a specific pollinating wasp, which reproduces only within figs, localising them by their specific scents. we show that scents emitted by male figs show seasonal variation within individual trees. scents of summer male figs resemble those of the co-flowering females, ...201222762353
the effect of fig tree latex (ficus carica) on stomach cancer line.the therapeutic effect of herbal materials in inhibition of cancer cell growth was shown. this study investigates the effect of fig tree latex (ficus carica) on stomach cancer line.201122737478
candida ficus sp. nov., a novel yeast species from the gut of apriona germari larvae.a novel yeast species is described based on three strains from the gut of wood-boring larvae collected in a tree trunk of ficus carica cultivated in parks near nanyang, central china. phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the d1/d2 domains of the large subunit rrna gene showed that these strains occurred in a separate clade that was genetically distinct from all known ascomycetous yeasts. in terms of pairwise sequence divergence, the novel strains differed by 15.3% divergence from the type ...201222729023
ephedra alte (joint pine): an invasive, problematic weedy species in forestry and fruit tree orchards in jordan.a field survey was carried out to record plant species climbed by ephedra alte in certain parts of jordan during 2008-2010. forty species of shrubs, ornamental, fruit, and forest trees belonging to 24 plant families suffered from the climbing habit of e. alte. growth of host plants was adversely affected by e. alte growth that extended over their vegetation. in addition to its possible competition for water and nutrients, the extensive growth it forms over host species prevents photosynthesis, s ...201222645486
color and antioxidant characteristics of some fresh fig (ficus carica l.) genotypes from northeastern turkey.fruit skin color, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and total antioxidant capacity in fresh fruits of a number of local and well-known fig (ficus carica l.) genotypes and cultivars grown in northeastern turkey were determined. teac (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and frap (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays were used to determine total antioxidant capacity. fruit skin color of genotypes were found to be very diverse, i.e., light green ...201222618081
effects of a naturally occurring and a synthetic synergist on toxicity of three insecticides and a phytochemical to navel orangeworm (lepidoptera: pyralidae).the navel orangeworm, amyelois transitella (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), is the most destructive lepidopteran pest of almonds [prunus dulcis (mill.) d.a.webb] and pistachios (pistacia vera l.) in california and is a serious problem in figs (ficus carica l.) and walnuts (juglans spp.). in addition to direct damage, larval feeding leaves nuts vulnerable to infection by aspergillus spp., fungi that produce toxic aflatoxins. a potentially safe and sustainable approach for managing navel orangew ...201222606811
use of atomic absorption spectrometry in assessment of biomonitor plants for lead, cadmium and copper pollution.eleven plant species were collected from the vicinity of lead-battery plant in the city of gaziantep, turkey. lead, cadmium and copper concentrations in the soil and leaves of plants were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. lead, cd and cu concentrations in the soil samples taken from battery area were found to be in the ranges of 304-602, 0.4-0.44 and 31-37 mg x kg(-1), respectively. significantly increased lead concentration up to 2 750 mg x kg(-1) was found in the leaves of eleagnus ...201222497165
evaluation of phototoxic potential of aerial components of the fig tree against human melanoma.to date, ficus carica l. cultivar dottato (f. carica) has not been studied from a phototoxic point of view. in the present work, aerial components of f. carica from italy, were examined to assess their antioxidant and phototoxic activity on human melanoma cells. a relationship between antioxidant, phototoxic activities and chemical composition has also been investigated.201222469077
evaluation of the antidiarrheal activity of the plant extracts of ficus species.the khandesh region of jalgaon district, india has a dense forest with plenty of medicinal plants which have been used as folklore medicines by the local people for many years. they use different parts of ficus species to treat and cure diarrhea. depending on the traditional use of some plants as antidiarrheal by local people of that region, the authors have selected three plants (specific parts) to evaluate their antidiarrheal activities in different animal models.201222409926
fig latex (ficus carica l. cultivar dottato) in combination with uv irradiation decreases the viability of a375 melanoma cells in vitro.melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers are among the most prevalent cancers in the human population. in the present work latex of ficus carica cultivar dottato from italy collected from fruits and leaves was examined to assess its free radical-scavenging activity with 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (dpph) and its phototoxicity on a375 human melanoma cells. the latex obtained from the fruits of ficus carica cv. dottato showed the best antiradical activity with an ic50 value of 0.05 mg/ml while the ...201222339064
effects of ficus carica paste on constipation induced by a high-protein feed and movement restriction in beagles.constipation is one of the most common functional digestive complaints worldwide. we investigated the laxative effects of figs (ficus carica l) in a beagle model of constipation induced by high protein diet and movement restriction. the experiments were consecutively conducted over 9 weeks divided into 3 periods of 3 weeks each. all 15 beagles were subjected to a non-treatment (control) period, a constipation induction period, and a fig paste treatment period. we administered fig paste (12 g/kg ...201122232635
changes in the phenolic and lipophilic composition, in the enzyme inhibition and antiproliferative activity of ficus carica l. cultivar dottato fruits during maturation.fruits of ficus carica cultivar dottato from italy were examined to assess how the stage of ripeness influences their chemical composition, antioxidant activity, pancreatic lipase inhibition and antiproliferative properties on c32 melanoma cells. fruits of the first harvest (june) showed a major content in furanocoumarins and pyranocoumarins whereas the fruits collected in september showed the highest polyphenolic content (11.9 mg/g of dried material). the total 70% ethanol extracts were portion ...201222222929
protective role of ficus carica stem extract against hepatic oxidative damage induced by methanol in male wistar rats.the present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of ficus carica stem extract (fe) in methanol-induced hepatotoxicity in male wistar rats. the rats were divided into two batches: 16 control rats (c) drinking tap water and 16 treated rats drinking ficus carica stem extract for six weeks. then, each group was divided into two subgroups, and one of them was intraperitoneally injected (i.p.) daily methanol at a dose of 2.37 g/kg body weight i.p. for 30 days, for four weeks. the re ...201222203864
effects of ficuscarica paste on loperamide-induced constipation in rats.objective: constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints worldwide. this study examined the effects of fig (ficus carica l.) paste for the treatment of loperamide-induced constipation in a rat model. methods: animals were divided into one normal control group and four experimental groups (0, 1, 6, and 30g/kg). loperamide (2mg/kg, twice per day) was injected intraperitoneally to induce constipation in the four experimental groups. fig paste was administered for 4weeks to asse ...201122178225
construction of new pichia pastoris x-33 strains for production of lycopene and β-carotene.in this study, we used the non-carotenogenic yeast pichia pastoris x33 as a receptor for β-carotene-encoding genes, in order to obtain new recombinant strains capable of producing different carotenoidic compounds. we designed and constructed two plasmids, pgapza-ebi* and pgapza-ebi*l*, containing the genes encoding lycopene and β-carotene, respectively. plasmid pgapza-ebi*, expresses three genes, crte, crtb, and crti*, that encode three carotenogenic enzymes, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, ...201122159890
chemical composition and antibacterial activity of a hexane extract of tunisian caprifig latex from the unripe fruit of ficus carica.context: the plant kingdom has become a target in the search for new drugs and biologically active lead compounds. the common jrani tunisian caprifig ficus carica l. (moraceae) is one of the large number of plant species that are used in folklore medicine yet to be investigated for the treatment of many diseases, including those of infectious nature. objective: hexane extract of the tunisian common jrani caprifig latex was assayed for antibacterial activity against several gram-positive and gr ...201122136172
partial characterization of a novel amylase activity isolated from tunisian ficus carica latex.a large number of plants still need to be investigated through screening of amylases suitable for industry. in the present study, and for the first time, we describe the amylolytic activity of saint pedro ficus carica l. (moraceae) crude latex of kahli and bidhi varieties.201122014263
effect of drying of figs (ficus carica l.) on the contents of sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds.fresh figs were subjected to two different drying processes: sun-drying and oven-drying. to assess their effect on the nutritional and health-related properties of figs, sugars, organic acids, single phenolics, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity were determined before and after processing. samples were analyzed three times in a year, and phenolic compounds were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (hplc-ms). in figs, monomer sugars predomi ...201121958361
new records of eriophyoid mites (acari: prostigmata: eriophyoidea) from saudi arabia.a field study was conducted to investigate eriophyoid mites associated with some fruit trees in riyadh, saudi arabia. the survey was carried out in four localities (el-waseel, al-beer, al-haiyer and el-deriya) and included seven species of fruit trees, namely olives (olea europea), fig (ficus carica), grapes (vitis vinifera), apple (malus domestica), citrus (citrus spp.), pomegranate (punica granatum) and pear (pyrus communis). seven new records of eriophyoid species (aceria benghalensis soliman ...201121916261
efficient transformation and regeneration of fig (ficus carica l.) via somatic embryogenesis.fig is one of the most important fruit trees in egypt. it used to constitute the major source of income for the inhabitants of the western north coast of egypt. since 1993 fig cultivations were threatened by a number of factors including virus, insect and mite infections. an efficient system for regeneration and transformation of the common fig ficus carica l. cultivar sultani (fresh consumption) was required to conserve fig cultivation in the area. the effect of different combinations of ba and ...201021912211
comparison of dry, wet and microwave digestion methods for the multi element determination in some dried fruit samples by icp-oes.the aim of this study was used to investigate the level of trace metals (ba, pb, cd, mn, cr, co, ni, cu, mn, zn, sr and fe) in some dried fruits (prunus domestica l., ficus carica l., morus alba l., vitis vinifera l., prunus armeniaca l., and malus domestica) samples from turkey. trace elements were determined by icp-oes after dry, wet and microwave digestion methods in dried fruit samples. validation of the proposed method was carried out by using a nist-srm 1515-apple leaves certified referenc ...201121843582
fumonisin b1 and b2 occurrence in dried fig fruits (ficus carica l.) under meander valley's climatic conditions and relationship with fruit quality.fusarium is the agent causing endosepsis (internal rot) in fig fruits and it is widespread in fig orchards in the aegean region. this research was conducted to determine the natural occurrence of fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) and b(2) (fb(2)) on dried fig fruits of sarilop (syn. calimyrna) variety which are mainly grown in the big and small meander basins in the aegean region, representing 60% of world dried fig production. a total of 262 samples belonging to two quality classes, class a and class cull ...201121793684
cdna cloning of a novel gene codifying for the enzyme lycopene ß-cyclase from ficus carica and its expression in escherichia coli.lycopene beta-cyclase (ß-lcy) is the key enzyme that modifies the linear lycopene molecule into cyclic ß-carotene, an indispensable carotenoid of the photosynthetic apparatus and an important source of vitamin a in human and animal nutrition. owing to its antioxidant activity, it is commercially used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, as well as an additive in foodstuffs. therefore, ß-carotene has a large share of the carotenoidic market. in this study, we used reverse transcription- ...201121792589
high-performance thin layer chromatographic quantification of bioactive psoralen and daidzein in leaves of ficus carica l.this study was undertaken to quantify psoralen and daidzein by high-performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc). the methanolic extract of 10 mg ml(-1) concentration solution was prepared for hptlc quantification of psoralen and daidzein. hptlc aluminium-backed plates coated with 0.2 mm layers of silica gel 60 f(254) were used as the stationary phase. the working standard solution of psoralen and daidzein was applied along with the test sample solution by means of camag linomat iv sample appli ...201121714728
carbon allocation to volatiles and other reproductive components in male ficus carica (moraceae).volatile compounds are often mediators of plant-pollinator interactions. their emission is presumed to be costly, but this cost has seldom been quantified. figs of ficus carica (a dioecious species) release volatile compounds when receptive, thus attracting the agaonid wasp blastophaga psenes. in dioecious fig species, wasps lay eggs inside male figs and pollinate female ones. for a male tree, we estimated carbon allocation to reproduction using the annual growth module (agm) as the unit of meas ...200121669654
selective and reversible thiol-pegylation, an effective approach for purification and characterization of five fully active ficin (iso)forms from ficus carica latex.the latex of ficus carica constitutes an important source of many proteolytic components known under the general term of ficin (ec 3.4.22.3) which belongs to the cysteine proteases of the papain family. so far, no data on the purification and characterization of individual forms of these proteases are available. an effective strategy was used to fractionate and purify to homogeneity five ficin forms, designated a, b, c, d1 and d2 according to their sequence of elution from a cation-exchange chro ...201121665232
anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of ficus carica linn. leaves.ficus carica linn. (moraceae) is commonly known as edible fig. the leaves, roots, fruits and latex of the plant are medicinally used in different diseases. the leaves are claimed to be effective in various inflammatory conditions like painful or swollen piles, insect sting and bites. however, there has been no report on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of f. carica leaves. therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of f. carica leaves ...201221644169
plant extracts to control alternaria alternata in murcott tangor fruits.background: alternaria alternata causes the alternaria brown spot disease (abs) in many tangerines and their hybrids worldwide. plant extracts offers an alternative method for controlling this disease, which control is based on chemical fungicides. objective: to identify plant species with antifungal properties against a. alternata, the causal agent of the abs. methods: plant extracts prepared from leaves, barks, flowers, and stalks collected from 105 plant species in the state of minas gerais, ...201121635961
gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the chemical characterisation of modern and archaeological figs (ficus carica).gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms) after alkaline hydrolysis, solvent extraction and trimethylsilylation, and analytical pyrolysis using hexamethyldisilazane (hmds) for in situ derivatisation followed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis (pyrolysis-silylation-gc/ms) were used to investigate the hydrolysable and soluble constituents, and the polymerised macromolecules of an archaeological fig (ficus carica) recovered in zaragoza (spain), as well as of modern figs. the main ...201121570079
antibacterial activity in spices and local medicinal plants against clinical isolates of karachi, pakistan.context: development of resistance in human pathogens against conventional antibiotic necessitates searching indigenous medicinal plants having antibacterial property. twenty-seven medicinal plants used actively in folklore, ayurvedic and traditional system of medicine were selected for the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity for this study. eleven plants chosen from these 27 are used as spices in local cuisine. objective: evaluation of the effectiveness of some medicinal plant extracts a ...201121501041
estimation of cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant effects of the leaf extracts of anatolian ficus carica var. domestica and their total phenol and flavonoid contents.ficus carica var. domestica tsch. & rav. (common fig) is widely grown in turkey and exported for its edible fruits. in this study, the n-hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol, n-butanol, and water extracts of the leaves of f. carica var. domestica were screened for their cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. cholinesterase inhibition against acetyl- (ache) and butyrylcholinesterase (bche) was measured by the spectrophotometric method of ellman at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 ...201121485278
the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of fig cryptic virus, a novel bipartite dsrna virus infecting fig, widely distributed in the mediterranean basin.two double-stranded rna (dsrna) segments of a virus with a bipartite genome identified in fig (ficus carica l.) and denoted fig cryptic virus (fcv) were cloned and sequenced. viral dsrnas are 1696 bp (rna-1) and 1415 bp (rna-2) in size. rna-1 contains a single orf (1419 nt) potentially encoding a 54 kda protein and comprising the conserved amino acid motifs of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) domain of species of the genus alphacryptovirus. its full-length amino acid sequence has the high ...201121318240
differential attraction of aedes albopictus in the field to flowers, fruits and honeydew.sugar is the main source of energy for the activities of mosquitoes; however, information on the vital sugar feeding of aedes albopictus in the field is scanty and often anecdotal. using glue traps and baits, we evaluated the attraction of ae. albopictus to 28 different, potential sugar sources. control traps were baited with either sugar-water solution or water alone, and since there was no significant difference between these controls, the water control was used as the standard for comparison. ...201121310142
in vitro cytotoxic and antiviral activities of ficus carica latex extracts.the latex of fig fruit (ficus carica) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of skin infections such as warts and also diseases of possible viral origin. five extracts (methanolic, hexanic, ethyl acetate, hexane-ethyl acetate (v/v) and chloroformic) of this species were investigated in vitro for their antiviral potential activity against herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1), echovirus type 11 (ecv-11) and adenovirus (adv). to evaluate the capacity of the extracts to inhibit the replication o ...201121294043
hypoglycaemic activity of an aqueous extract from ficus carica (fig tree) leaves in streptozotocin diabetic rats.to investigate the hypoglycaemic activity of ficus carica leaf aqueous extract, a decoction was administred to rats in lieu of drinking water for three weeks. the groups were: untreated non-diabetic (n = 13), untreated diabetic (n = 13), treated non-diabetic (n =13) and treated diabetic (n = 13) animals. the extract decreased (p &lt; 0.025) plasma glucose in diabetic (27.9 ± 4.5 mmol/l to 19.6 ± 9.9 mmol/l) while not in normal rats. plasma insulin levels were decreased by treatment (p &lt; 0.05) ...200021214459
immunotoxicity activity of natural furocoumarins from milky sap of ficus carica l. against aedes aegypti l.ficus carica l., its fruits are delicious and can be eaten by human. its leaves are commonly used to cure hemorrhoid and clear away heart ache. the milky sap of f. carica have a significant toxic effect against early fourth-stage larvae of aedes aegypti l with an lethal concentration (lc(50)) value of 10.2 μg/ml and an lc(90) value of 42.3 μg/ml. two natural furocoumarins, 5-methoxypsoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen were isolated from the milky sap of f. carica. the lc(50) value of 5-methoxypsoralen ...201121214422
genetic variation and variation in aggressiveness to native and exotic hosts among brazilian populations of ceratocystis fimbriata.ceratocystis fimbriata is a complex of many species that cause wilt and cankers on woody plants and rot of storage roots or corms of many economically important crops worldwide. in brazil, c. fimbriata infects different cultivated crop plants that are not native to brazil, including gmelina arborea, eucalyptus spp., mangifera indica (mango), ficus carica (fig), and colocasia esculenta (inhame). phylogenetic analyses and inoculation studies were performed to test the hypothesis that there are hos ...201121190423
[the history of the fig tree (ficus carica l.) and its use in phytotherapy]. 201121177235
further insight into the latex metabolite profile of ficus carica.latex is a sticky emulsion that exudes upon damage from specialized canals from several plants. it contains several biologically active compounds, such as phytosterols, fatty acids, and amino acids. in plants, these compounds are involved in the interaction between plants, insects, and the environment. despite its chemical, biological, and ecological importance, ficus carica latex is still poorly studied. to improve the knowledge on the metabolite profile of this matrix, a targeted metabolite an ...201020923221
antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of egyptian moraceous plants against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and liver damage in rats.in the absence of reliable liver-protective drugs in modern medicine, a large number of medicinal preparations are recommended for treatment of liver disorders. objective: the antioxidant, hepatoprotective and kidney protective activities of methanol extracts of ficus carica linn. (moraceae) leaves and fruits and morus alba linn. root barks (moraceae) are evaluated here.201020839909
acute oral toxicity test and phytochemistry of some west african medicinal plants.although there is increased acceptance and utilization of medicinal plants worldwide, many are used indiscriminately without recourse to any safety test. thus, the need for toxicity tests to determine the safe dose for oral consumption.200920830988
development and characterization of mucoadhesive in situ nasal gel of midazolam prepared with ficus carica mucilage.the objective of the present study was to prepare mucoadhesive in situ nasal gels with mucilage isolated from fig fruits (ficus carica, family: moraceae) containing midazolam hydrochloride. nasal gels of midazolam were prepared using three different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% w/v) of f. carica mucilage (fcm) and synthetic polymers (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and carbopol 934). evaluation of fcm showed that it was as safe as the synthetic polymers for nasal administration. in situ gel ...201020683687
development of molecular tools for characterization and genetic diversity analysis in tunisian fig (ficus carica) cultivars.fig, ficus carica l., is a useful genetic resource for commercial cultivation. in this study, rapd (60), issr (48), rampo (63), and ssr (34) markers were compared to detect polymorphism and to establish genetic relationships among tunisian fig tree cultivars. the statistical procedures conducted on the combined data show considerable genetic diversity, and the tested markers discriminated all fig genotypes studied. the identification key established on the basis of ssr permitted the unambiguous ...201020628809
photoallergic contact dermatitis to 8-methoxypsoralen in ficus carica.photocontact dermatitis to ficus carica is induced by furocoumarins present in sap. these substances are generally considered to cause phototoxic reactions.201020557340
strategies of leaf expansion in ficus carica under semiarid conditions.leaf area expansion, thickness and inclination, gas exchange parameters and relative chlorophyll content were analysed in field-grown fig (ficus carica l.) leaves over time, from emergence until after full leaf expansion (fle). ficus carica leaves showed a subtle change in shape during the early stages of development, and fle was reached within ca. 30 days after emergence. changes in leaf thickness and inclination after fle demonstrated good adaptation to environmental conditions during summer i ...201020522183
gel strength and sensory attributes of fig (ficus carica) jams and preserves as influenced by ripeness.in this article, gel strength and sensory attributes of jams and preserves made from figs at different stages of ripeness were investigated. special emphasis was put on investigating the relationship of these attributes and pectin composition during ripening. jams were produced with the addition of sugars and commercial pectin. in the production of preserves, no additional sugars or commercial pectin were used. basic physicochemical properties (total solids, sugars, ph, total acidity) of figs we ...201020492257
identification of bet v 1-related allergens in fig and other moraceae fruits.allergy to fig fruit (ficus carica) has been described in patients allergic to ficus benjamina or rubber latex but may occur also in pollen-allergic patients.201020447079
protection of fibroblasts (nih-3t3) against oxidative damage by cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside isolated from fig fruits (ficus carica l.).anthocyanins, plant secondary metabolites, have been recognized for their health-promoting properties when consumed by humans. in this study, the antioxidant properties of a major anthocyanin in fresh fig fruits, cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside (c3r), were evaluated by various assays in vitro and correlated with the protection afforded by c3r to cultured nih-3t3 fibroblast cells. c3r inhibited lipid peroxidation from producing peroxy radicals (roo(*)) and mda in a dose-dependent manner, and a high ca ...201020443626
epr studies of o(2)(*-), oh, and (1)o(2) scavenging and prevention of glutathione depletion in fibroblast cells by cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside isolated from fig (ficus carica l.) fruits.cyanidin-3-rhamnoglucoside (c3r) is the major anthocyanin in fresh fig fruits. in this study, the free radical scavenging potential of c3r was evaluated in vitro using several free radical generators. this naturally occurring anthocyanin was superior to other tested natural antioxidants in scavenging abts(*+). electron paramagnetic resonance served to determine the scavenging properties of c3r toward superoxide radical anion (o(2)(*-)), hydroxyl radical ((*)oh), and singlet radical ((1)o(2)). th ...201020443568
isolation and punrification of psoralen and bergapten from ficus carica l leaves by high-speed countercurrent chromatography.high-speed countercurrent chromatography was successfully applied for the first time for the separation of psoralen and bergapten from ficus carica l leaves. the crudeextract obtained by light petroleum (b.p.: 60°c-90°c) from the dried leaves of ficus carica l. was separated with a two-phase solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:1:1:1, v/v). each peak fraction was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. the method yielded 4.4 mg of psoralen at 99.1% purity and 2. ...200920351802
preparation of a highly active vegetable rennet from ficus carica linn. 194620281211
genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated fig (ficus carica l.).one hundred ninety-four germplasm accessions of fig representing the four fig types, common, smyrna, san pedro, and caprifig were analyzed for genetic diversity, structure, and differentiation using genetic polymorphism at 15 microsatellite loci. the collection showed considerable polymorphism with observed number of alleles per locus ranging from four for five different loci, mfc4, lmfc14, lmfc22, lmfc31 and lmfc35 to nine for lmfc30 with an average of 4.9 alleles per locus. seven of the 15 loc ...201020217187
transmission competency of single-female xiphinema index lines for grapevine fanleaf virus.grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv) is vectored specifically from grapevine to grapevine by the ectoparasitic nematode xiphinema index. limited information is available on the vector competency of x. index populations from diverse geographical origins. we determined the transmissibility of two gflv strains showing 4.6% amino acid divergence within their coat protein (e.g., strains f13 and ghu) by seven clonal lines of x. index developed from seven distinct populations from the mediterranean basin (cy ...201020205542
traditional agroecosystems as conservatories and incubators of cultivated plant varietal diversity: the case of fig (ficus carica l.) in morocco.traditional agroecosystems are known to host both large crop species diversity and high within crop genetic diversity. in a context of global change, this diversity may be needed to feed the world. are these agroecosystems museums (i.e. large core collections) or cradles of diversity? we investigated this question for a clonally propagated plant, fig (ficus carica), within its native range, in morocco, but as far away as possible from supposed centers of domestication.201020167055
chemical assessment and in vitro antioxidant capacity of ficus carica latex.ficus species possess latex-like material within their vasculatures, affording protection and self-healing from physical attacks. in this work, metabolite profiling was performed on ficus carica latex. volatiles profile was determined by hs-spme/gc-it-ms, with 34 compounds being identified, distributed by distinct chemical classes: 5 aldehydes, 7 alcohols, 1 ketone, 9 monoterpenes, 9 sesquiterpenes and 3 other compounds. sesquiterpenes constituted the most abundant class in latex (ca. 91% of tot ...201020158255
in vitro antimicrobial activity of four ficus carica latex fractions against resistant human pathogens (antimicrobial activity of ficus carica latex).methanolic, hexanoïc, chloroformic and ethyl acetate extracts of ficus carica latex were investigated for their in vitro antimicrobial proprieties against five bacteria species and seven strains of fungi. the green fruit latex was collected from chott mariam souse, middle east coast of tunisia. the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated and based respectively on the inhibition zone using the disc-diffusion assay, minimal inhibition concentration (mic) for bacterial testing and the ...201020067867
hexane-soluble fraction of the common fig, ficus carica, inhibits osteoclast differentiation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and raw 264.7 cells.osteoclasts, derived from multipotent myeloid progenitor cells, play homeostatic roles in skeletal modeling and remodeling, but may also destroy bone in pathological conditions such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. osteoclast development depends critically on a differentiation factor, the receptor activator of nf-kappab ligand (rankl). in this study, we found that the hexane soluble fraction of the common fig ficus carica (hf6-fc) is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis in rankl-sti ...200920054486
a survey of scale insects (sternorryncha: coccoidea) occurring on table grapes in south africa.increasing international trade and tourism have led to an increase in the introduction of exotic pests that pose a considerable economic threat to the agro-ecosystems of importing countries. scale insects (sternorryncha: coccoidea) may be contaminants of export consignments from the south african deciduous fruit industry to the european union, israel, united kingdom and the united states, for example. infestations of immature scale insects found on south african fruit destined for export have re ...200920050816
hepatoprotective activity of ficus carica leaf extract on rifampicin-induced hepatic damage in rats.shade dried leaves of ficus carica were extracted using petroleum ether (60-80 degrees ) and tested for antihepatotoxic activity on rats treated with 50 mg/kg of rifampicin orally. the parameters assessed were serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, bilirubin and histological changes in liver. liver weights and pentobarbitione sleeping time as a functional parameter were also monitored. there was significant reversal of biochemical, histological and fun ...200820046747
presence of triploid cytotypes in the common fig (ficus carica l.).ficus carica (2n = 26) is one of the oldest fruit trees of the mediterranean basin. recently there has been increasing interest in this species, in particular for questions related to germplasm such as genetic diversity and cultivar identification. this study was undertaken to gain more knowledge of f. carica cytogenetics and provide data useful for the characterization of its germplasm. karyomorphological analysis and physical mapping of 18s-25s and 5s rrna genes by the fish technique contribut ...200919935916
evaluation of the phototoxic potential of plants used in oriental medicine.phototoxicity can be either harmful or beneficial. yet the phototoxicity of oriental medicinal plants is an understudied area. the purpose of this study is to fill in this gap.201019818392
rapd-based study of genetic variation and relationships among wild fig genotypes in turkey.the fig tree (ficus carica l.) is of significant socio-economic importance in turkey, with 25% of the world's fig production. genetic variation and relationships among 14 wild-grown figs sampled from coruh valley in turkey were characterized by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). ninety-eight dna fragments were scored after amplification of dna samples with 13 random primers; 70% of the scored bands were polymorphic. genetic distances between the fig genotypes ranged from 0.21 to 0.62. geno ...200919768673
ficus carica l.: metabolic and biological screening.ficus carica l. is one of the earliest cultivated fruit trees. in this work, metabolite profiling was performed on the leaves, pulps and peels of two portuguese white varieties of f. carica (pingo de mel and branca tradicional). phenolics and organic acids profiles were determined by hplc/dad and hplc/uv, respectively. all samples presented a similar phenolic profile composed by 3-o- and 5-o-caffeoylquinic acids, ferulic acid, quercetin-3-o-glucoside, quercetin-3-o-rutinoside, psoralen and berga ...200919747518
elucidating genetic relationships, diversity and population structure among the turkish female figs.a collection of 96 female turkish fig (ficus carica l.) accessions was studied to elucidate genetic structure and estimate diversity and genetic similarity distribution among the female figs present in turkish genetic resources, using 157 molecular genome markers including 129 sequence-related amplified polymorphisms, 21 random amplified polymorphic dnas, and 7 simple-sequence repeats. the plant samples mainly included turkish fig collections selected throughout the country over the course of a ...201019711187
characterization of acid-induced molten globule like state of ficin.effect of ph on the conformational behaviour of ficin (ec 3.4.22.3), a cysteine protease from the latex of ficus carica was monitored by circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, ans binding and hydrodynamic studies. the results obtained from near- and far-uv cd, intrinsic fluorescence and ans binding studies demonstrate that ficin exhibits the characteristic properties of molten globule at acidic conditions between ph 1.4 and 2.0. ficin at ph 1.4 retained about approximately 74% secondary ...200919482042
antioxidant and immunity activity of water extract and crude polysaccharide from ficus carica l. fruit.the antioxidative activities of water extract (we) and crude hot-water soluble polysaccharide (ps) from ficus carica l. fruit were investigated using various assays in vitro, including scavenging abilities on dpph, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and reducing power. the immunity activities of ps were evaluated using the carbon clearance test and serum hemolysin analysis in mice. in addition, total phenolics and flavonoids contents were also determined. both we and ps have notable scavenging act ...200919466553
evaluation of dietary status with respect to trace element intake from dry fruits consumed in pakistan: a study using instrumental neutron activation analysis.instrumental neutron activation analysis has been utilized for the quantification of 24 major, minor and trace elements in dried apricots (prunus armeniaca), dates (phoenix dectylifera), figs (ficus carica) and raisins (vitis vinifera) using a low-power reactor as the neutron source. the weekly intakes of aluminium, arsenic, boron, calcium, chlorine, cobalt, chromium, iron, mercury, potassium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, antimony, selenium and zinc have been calculated and compared ...200919306223
a systematic review of the potential herbal sources of future drugs effective in oxidant-related diseases.this review focuses on the medicinal plants growing and having history of folk medicine in iran and found effective as anti free radical damage in animal or human.200919275687
survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994.previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ...199919270925
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